CN103385100A - Method for promoting grassiness to overwinter in situ at Jiangsu coastal mud flat - Google Patents
Method for promoting grassiness to overwinter in situ at Jiangsu coastal mud flat Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for promoting grassiness to overwinter in situ at the Jiangsu coastal mud flat. The method comprises the steps of after overground parts of the grassiness are cut in the area at the December of last winter, remaining the stubbles for 10-20cm; taking and crashing part of the leaves of the overground parts, doping the leaves with less soil mixed fertilizer and fully mixing with the soil of a cultivation field, and performing stack closing around the grassiness stubbles, slightly compacting, and sheathing a commercial available black plastic garbage bag, sealing with humid soil at the periphery of the bag edge, and slightly exposing the bag top; when the temperature is lower than 5 DEG C below zero, overlapping a black film and a certain number of grassiness bundles; and after the temperature rises to 13-17 DEG C at May of the next year, sectioning the bag top exposing out of the ground to promote the new sprout to germinate and grow, thus solving the problem of the grassiness overwintering in situ locally.
Description
Affiliated technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of plant cultivation method, particularly a kind of method that promotes that napier grass survives the winter in the tidal flat of Jiangsu Province original position.
Background technology
The Jiangsu Coastal Plain district is located in middle latitude, belongs to the area of north subtropical weather warm temperate climate transition to the south.Because facing the Huanghai Sea in east, the ocean regulating action is very obvious, also belongs to moistening monsoon climatic region.The principal character in this district is: monsoon is prevailing, makes a clear distinction between the four seasons, and has plenty of rain, and in rain same season of heat, sunshine is sufficient, and frost-free season is long.For a long time, one's respective area is the important production base of herbage always, napier grass, i.e. and napier-grass, the grass family Pennisetum, be a kind of herbaceos perennial in south, a kind of important large-scale herbage of recently introducing for this locality.Napier grass, as a kind of important large-scale and warm season pasture crop, is introduced a fine variety for many years at tidal flat of Jiangsu Province., for field production, exist a difficult problem that is difficult to overwintering in one's respective area all the time.After the harvesting in winter, often to build the booth facility, to carry out strange land and keep a full stand of seedings, the cost of its transplanting, transportation, child care is huge, thereby has limited its further popularization in this area.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of method that promotes that napier grass survives the winter in the tidal flat of Jiangsu Province original position, and the method can realize napier grass child care in position with lower cost.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, a kind of method that promotes that napier grass survives the winter in the tidal flat of Jiangsu Province original position that the present invention proposes comprises the following steps:
(1) late fall cold acclimation with the suitable phosphorus potash fertilizer of executing, under cryogenic conditions in late fall in November then, control soil moisture content 40-60% (weight) between the napier grass cultivation field, increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer 20-30kg/ mu, and spray 300-400 plant antifreezing agent solution doubly, the deep ploughing of hoeing up weeds, promote the napier grass overground part to finish growth, be beneficial to its tissue and enrich, extend the integration time of nutriment, and promote that nutriment shifts to rhizome section;
(2) napier grass cradles and processes, when December in winter, temperature are down to 5 ℃ then, napier grass to field production, after cradling with sharp sword, keeping the root stubble is highly 10-20cm, wipe out unnecessary branches and leaves and sick leaf, get the branches and leaves chopping of the water content 10-20% (weight) of part napier grass overground part natural air drying, granularity is 1-2cm;
(3) make napier grass rhizome covering protection layer material, get farmers''s farmyard manure of water content 10-30% (weight), with its with step (2) in napier grass cauline leaf particle with the ratio of 1: 2 at the edge of a field or fully mix, be transported between the napier grass cultivation field;
(4) napier grass rhizome mound envelope weir and overlay film, in field, the mass ratio of the field soil of napier grass rhizome covering protection layer material in step (3) and water content 50-60% (weight) with 3: 7 fully mixed, if moisture deficit, can water and drench loose stool water or light rich water, mixture is sealed into the mound shape around napier grass root stubble heap, 50-60 centimetre of its diameter, high 25-35 centimetre, and with the black plastic refuse bag of commercially available corresponding size, it is entangled and ties, bag tamps with larger moistening soil block around limit again, and expose on the bag top;
(5) strengthen heat and moisture preserving between the napier grass cultivation field, reach-5 ℃ and when following at temperature, in field, add and cover black plastic film, and with 2/m
2The napier grass bundle is placed on described black plastic film;
(6) cut the short bud of film, next year at the beginning of 5 months, when ground temperature reaches 13-17 ℃, clips the bag top of exposing the soil table in step (3), and the napier grass sprouting gets final product germination and growth, applies MAP (total nutrient 〉=55.0%, wherein N-P this moment
2O
5-K
2O is 11-44-0), amount of application 25-35kg/ mu;
(7) strengthen weeds and remove and rich water quality management, remove napier grass seedling strain inter-row weed to June, and impose MAP (total nutrient 〉=55.0%, wherein N-P one time
2O
5-K
2O is 11-44-0), amount of application 50kg/ mu, enter thereafter conventional field management.
The method that above-mentioned napier grass survives the winter in the tidal flat of Jiangsu Province original position, farmyard manure described in described step (3) is to be formed by pig ox chicken manure, agriculture and forestry offcuts, ash content and agro-product processing residue mixing retting or composting, basic fermentation finished thoroughly1, water content 10-30%.
A kind ofly promote napier grass in the method that the tidal flat of Jiangsu Province original position is survived the winter above-mentioned, employing is to the napier grass cold acclimation, cradled before winter, add and cover grave mound, black film covers, branches and leaves after cradling again are overlying on it and carry out cold-resistant insulation, and effective like this frostbite that has prevented napier grass axillalry bud and indefinite bud has reached more than 80% the napier grass success rate of emerging in position; The original position of napier grass rhizome is survived the winter simultaneously, and having overcome prior art needs construction, the rhizome of booth facility to shift out the plant development costs such as shift-in, strange land transportation, artificial child care, has guaranteed its low cost, perennial, continuable production, has improved the planting benefit.Napier grass rhizome original position is survived the winter, the farming repeatedly of former plantation field soil, exposed and disturbance have been avoided, improved cover index, reduced surface evaporation, thereby further reduced soil salt, make the perennial characteristic of napier grass be embodied, realized improvement and restoration of the ecosystem to utilization solonchak.The mixing of farmyard manure and napier grass particle is used, can promote that not only the fermentation of napier grass biological material heats, the slaking that also can promote the unnecessary stalk of napier grass is field also, therefore be conducive to lack for nitrogen stress to a certain extent beach soil increase Organic carbon and nitrogen and the phosphorus content of phosphorus, further promote the slaking of salt-affected soil to form.The present invention have gather materials on the spot, the important feature such as light letter is convenient, with low cost, successful, not only be conducive to the reparation improvement of coastal saline soil, but also be conducive to the raising of solonchak planting benefit, even for other area of middle latitude, present technique also has certain application value.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the view of napier grass rhizome while surviving the winter.
Fig. 2 is the survive the winter comparison diagram of rear survival rate of napier grass of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the comparison diagram of soil organic matter after napier grass of the present invention survived the winter 3 years.
Fig. 4 is the comparison diagram of rhizosphere soil pH value after napier grass of the present invention survived the winter 3 years.
Fig. 5 is the comparison diagram of the water-soluble total salt content of rhizosphere soil after napier grass of the present invention survived the winter 3 years.
Fig. 6 is the comparison diagram of rhizosphere soil total nitrogen content after napier grass of the present invention survived the winter 3 years.
Fig. 7 is the comparison diagram of rhizosphere soil content of tatal phosphorus after napier grass of the present invention survived the winter 3 years.
Fig. 8 is the comparison diagram of the full potassium content of rhizosphere soil after napier grass of the present invention survived the winter 3 years.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: Dafeng City, Jiangsu Province is coastal, the middle and south, reclamation area, Dongchuan, and East Platform, Da Feng two city's intersections, outside the old sea wall of Dafeng Milu Reserve, position, test region: 120 ° 50 ' 45 of east longitude "; 32 ° 59 ' 40 of north latitude ".14 ℃ of this long-term mean temperature of air in district; Average annual precipitation 1000mm, evaporation discharge 1000-1500mm, average annual sunshine duration more than 2200 hour; Residential quarter soil plough horizon 0-20cm soil salt content is 2.0g/kg-4.5g/kg, and average ground elevation is 3.4 meters, and the content of organic matter is 2.92g/kg; The pH value is 8.5 left and right, full N:0.26g/kg, full P:0.35g/kg, full K:29.20g/kg.Test after 2010 and carry out continuously, residential quarter area 30m
2(5m * 6m), and triplicate.The plantation crop species is napier grass (N51), and contrast and processing are all in same test site.
The main effect of implementing link and the ecological effect of napier grass and soil being improved is as follows:
(1) preferred plot, play the furrow trench digging, constructs residential quarter, the napier grass of planting, freeze proof management.
Then by the end of April, at the beginning of 5 months, select the lower plot of soil salt (salt content 3.0g/kg is following), apply routinely base manure (fertilizer, composite fertilizer or farmyard manure), utilize machinery to plough soil, and surface soil harrowed broken.Play the furrow trench digging, construct residential quarter, residential quarter furrow face width 5m, long 6m, furrow width 30cm, dark 20cm, in order to discharging field ponding.Dig the shallow hole napier grass (this moment seedling be cuttage seeding) of planting on the furrow face, every residential quarter 8 row, every row is 10 strains approximately, and the strain spacing is 50cm approximately, and line space is 60cm approximately; Plant the initial stage, strengthen water and fertilizer management and remove weeds in field, after this field management is comparatively extensive.The napier grass early growth is comparatively slow, just enter and tiller fast and vegetative period to June, and almost with linear velocity, grow to by the end of October, as forage grass, during can cradle results once.Grow and to some extent slow down along with mercury dropped November, and frequently can be subject to the invasion and attack of cold current and cause frostbite, and under late fall stable cryogenic conditions, control field moisture this moment, uses in right amount phosphorus potash fertilizer, and spray approximately 300-400 plant antifreezing agent solution doubly.The deep ploughing of hoeing up weeds, promote the napier grass overground part to finish growth, is beneficial to its tissue and enriches, and extends the integration time of nutriment, and the promotion nutriment shifts to rhizome section.The dehydration gradually of plant overground part in December, jaundice and withered.Process raw material as living beings or sheet material, be down to 20% in its overground part water content after December and can enter harvesting period when following.
(2) cradle toothing, mix mound processed and film envelope stubble
Napier grass was cradled December in winter, this moment 5 ℃ of left and right of mean temperature of air, precipitation is lower than 100mm, sunshine is 150h approximately, napier grass overground part cauline leaf is sallow, water content is down to 10%-20%.Napier grass is cut rear stubble carry out the child care processing, stubble height is 10-20cm; Napier grass overground part natural air drying branches and leaves (water content 10-20%) are shredded, granularity is 1-2cm, farmyard manure with water content 10-30% (weight), be that local farmers' is formed by animal dung, agriculture and forestry offcuts, ash content and agro-product processing residue mixing composting, basic fermentation finished thoroughly1, water content 10-30%; First with itself and napier grass cauline leaf particle with the ratio of 1: 2 at the edge of a field or a head mix, the soil that is transported to again water content 50-60% (weight) around field and napier grass root stubble fully mixes with the mass ratio of 3: 7, seal into the mound shape around napier grass root stubble heap, with commercially available black plastic refuse bag, it is entangled and ties, bag tamps with larger moistening soil block around limit again, and expose on the bag top.Reach-5 ℃ and when following at temperature, add napier grass bundle (the about 2/m of the some of covering black plastic film and gathering in the crops in field
2), in order to thermal insulation wetting.
(3) cut film and stay soil, execute seed manure, cut weeds.
Next year at the beginning of 5 months, reaches 13-17 ℃ constantly at ground temperature, will expose the bag top of soil table and clip, and the napier grass sprouting gets final product germination and growth, applies MAP (total nutrient 〉=55.0%, wherein N-P this moment
2O
5-K
2O is 11-44-0), amount of application 25-35kg/ mu, needn't irrigate separately, take natural precipitation as main.Thereafter June, emphasis was removed the napier grass inter-row weed, and imposed MAP one time, and specification is the same, amount of application 30-50kg/ mu.Thereafter entering conventional field management gets final product.
As shown in Figure 2, utilize the technology of the present invention, the utmost point has improved napier grass root stubble significantly in the survival rate in May next year, repeats on average to have reached 80.67% three times, and contrast is only 1%.Result shows, the technology of the present invention is survived the winter and had good facilitation in the original position of this area for napier grass, and has stronger stability, and the correlated condition that present technique is listed has also obtained good check.
As shown in Figure 3, utilize the technology of the present invention, increased more significantly the organic carbon content in napier grass cultivation (3 years) plough horizon 0-20cm, the soil organic carbon between each repeats is all apparently higher than contrast (every repeat to fetch earth earth sampled point 3).The average organic carbon content of napier grass original position milpa soil has reached 4.76g/kg, than contrast, also exceeds approximately 56%, more than the average organic carbon content 2.24g/kg in solonchak wasteland, exceeds more than one times, and visible present technique has obviously promoted the accumulation of soil organic matter.
As shown in Figure 4, utilize the technology of the present invention, reduced more significantly the pH value in napier grass cultivation (3 years) plough horizon 0-20cm, the soil pH value between each repeats all is starkly lower than contrast (every repeat to fetch earth earth sampled point 3).Average rhizosphere soil pH value is about 7.77, and significantly lower than 8.47 of contrast, result shows, adopts present technique can promote the remarkable improvement of napier grass rhizosphere soil physicochemical character.
As shown in Figure 5, utilize the technology of the present invention, reduced more significantly the water-soluble total salinity in napier grass cultivation (3 years) plough horizon 0-20cm, the total salt content of soil between each repeats all is starkly lower than contrast (every repeat to fetch earth earth sampled point 3).The average total salt content of rhizosphere soil is about 2.53g/kg, significantly lower than the 4.47g/kg of the contrast (measurement result of accumulation of salt in the surface soil peak period on October 15th, 2012, the initial total salt content in test region is about 4.50g/kg), result shows, adopt present technique can obviously reduce the moisture evaporation on napier grass rhizosphere soil surface, promote the reduction that Water-soluble salts divides, significantly improved the soil ecology proterties.
As shown in Figure 6, utilize the technology of the present invention, increased more significantly the total nitrogen content in napier grass cultivation (3 years) plough horizon 0-20cm, the total nitrogen content of soil between each repeats is all apparently higher than contrast (every repeat to fetch earth earth sampled point 3).Average rhizosphere total nitrogen content of soil is about 0.41g/kg, be significantly higher than the 0.31g/kg (measurement result after in December, 2012, napier grass cradled) of contrast, result shows, adopts present technique can obviously improve napier grass rhizosphere soil nitrogen pool, promotes slaking and the improvement of soil from face.
As shown in Figure 7, utilize the technology of the present invention, increased more significantly the full phosphorus amount in napier grass cultivation (3 years) plough horizon 0-20cm, the total Phosphorus In Soil content between each repeats is all apparently higher than contrast (every repeat to fetch earth earth sampled point 3).Average rhizosphere total Phosphorus In Soil content is about 0.47g/kg, 0.43g/kg (measurement result after in December, 2012, napier grass cradled) apparently higher than contrast, result shows, adopts present technique can obviously improve napier grass rhizosphere soil total phosphorus content, thereby promotes slaking and the improvement of soil.
As shown in Figure 8, utilize the technology of the present invention, increased more significantly the full potassium content in napier grass cultivation (3 years) plough horizon 0-20cm, the total potassium content of soil between each repeats is all apparently higher than contrast (every repeat to fetch earth earth sampled point 3).Average rhizosphere total Phosphorus In Soil content is about 42.6g/kg, 30.2g/kg (measurement result after in December, 2012, napier grass cradled) apparently higher than contrast, result shows, adopts present technique can obviously improve the total potassium content of napier grass rhizosphere soil, thereby promotes slaking and the improvement of soil.
A kind of above-mentioned method that promotes that napier grass survives the winter in the tidal flat of Jiangsu Province original position, its core is to utilize the fermentation of profitable strain, napier grass branches and leaves particle and soil mixture in the warm property fertilizer such as muck and farmyard manure slowly to heat, and seal up the growth that mound can be napier grass axillalry bud and indefinite bud and provide steam to guarantee, separately adding black film and covering grass promotes sunlight heat to absorb, more be conducive to improve and keep ground temperature, do not freezed to death with the axillalry bud and the indefinite bud that fully guarantee napier grass, be beneficial to the smooth origin and development in its coming year.Simultaneously, the slaking of the related farmyard manure of this method, napier grass branches and leaves particle is returned field and seals up mound also consistent with the cultivation management measure of napier grass seedling, met the initial requirement of the origin and development of its seedling to nutrient and moisture, has obvious rich water effect, promoted napier grass to send out seedling neat and sent out a strong sprout, having formed a kind of original position to large-scale warm season herbage napier grass pattern of growing seedlings.Adopt a kind of above-mentioned method that promotes that napier grass survives the winter in the tidal flat of Jiangsu Province original position, realize that the napier grass original position is survived the winter to keep a full stand of seedings, through measuring and calculating, with prior art and build the conventional method such as booth and compare, 500 yuan of saving costs per mu.
Claims (2)
1. method that promotes that napier grass survives the winter in the tidal flat of Jiangsu Province original position comprises the following steps:
(1) late fall cold acclimation with the suitable phosphorus potash fertilizer of executing, under cryogenic conditions in late fall in November then, control soil moisture content 40-60% (weight) between the napier grass cultivation field, increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer 20-30kg/ mu, and spray 300-400 plant antifreezing agent solution doubly, the deep ploughing of hoeing up weeds, promote the napier grass overground part to finish growth, be beneficial to its tissue and enrich, extend the integration time of nutriment, and promote that nutriment shifts to rhizome section;
(2) napier grass cradles and processes, when December in winter, temperature are down to 5 ℃ then, napier grass to field production, after cradling with sharp sword, keeping the root stubble is highly 10-20cm, wipe out unnecessary branches and leaves and sick leaf, get the branches and leaves chopping of the water content 10-20% (weight) of part napier grass overground part natural air drying, granularity is 1-2cm;
(3) make napier grass rhizome covering protection layer material, get farmers''s farmyard manure of water content 10-30% (weight), with its with step (2) in napier grass cauline leaf particle with the ratio of 1: 2 at the edge of a field or fully mix, be transported between the napier grass cultivation field;
(4) napier grass rhizome mound envelope weir and overlay film, in field, the mass ratio of the field soil of napier grass rhizome covering protection layer material in step (3) and water content 50-60% (weight) with 3: 7 fully mixed, if moisture deficit, can water and drench loose stool water or light rich water, mixture is sealed into the mound shape around napier grass root stubble heap, 50-60 centimetre of its diameter, high 25-35 centimetre, and with the black plastic refuse bag of commercially available corresponding size, it is entangled and ties, bag tamps with larger moistening soil block around limit again, and expose on the bag top;
(5) strengthen heat and moisture preserving between the napier grass cultivation field, reach-5 ℃ and when following at temperature, in field, add and cover black plastic film, and with 2/m
2The napier grass bundle is placed on described black plastic film;
(6) cut the short bud of film, next year at the beginning of 5 months, when ground temperature reaches 13-17 ℃, clips the bag top of exposing the soil table in step (3), and the napier grass sprouting gets final product germination and growth, applies MAP (total nutrient 〉=55.0%, wherein N-P this moment
2O
5-K
2O is 11-44-0), amount of application 25-35kg/ mu;
(7) strengthen weeds and remove and rich water quality management, remove napier grass seedling strain inter-row weed to June, and impose MAP (total nutrient 〉=55.0%, wherein N-P one time
2O
5-K
2O is 11-44-0), amount of application 50kg/ mu, enter thereafter conventional field management.
2. a kind of method that promotes that napier grass survives the winter in the tidal flat of Jiangsu Province original position according to claim 1, farmyard manure described in described step (3) is to be formed by pig ox chicken manure, agriculture and forestry offcuts, ash content and agro-product processing residue mixing retting or composting, basic fermentation finished thoroughly1, water content 10-30%.
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Cited By (3)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104813832A (en) * | 2015-05-07 | 2015-08-05 | 黄彩红 | Cultivation method of sweet elephant grass |
| CN107396743A (en) * | 2017-09-13 | 2017-11-28 | 贵州平坝康农生态农业有限公司 | A kind of wintering method of Jujun grasses |
| CN108925326A (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2018-12-04 | 遵义师范学院 | A kind of wintering method of Jujun grasses |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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| CN107396743A (en) * | 2017-09-13 | 2017-11-28 | 贵州平坝康农生态农业有限公司 | A kind of wintering method of Jujun grasses |
| CN108925326A (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2018-12-04 | 遵义师范学院 | A kind of wintering method of Jujun grasses |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN103385100B (en) | 2014-11-05 |
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