CN104823675A - Production method for pure turf without culture substrate - Google Patents
Production method for pure turf without culture substrate Download PDFInfo
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- CN104823675A CN104823675A CN201510255627.6A CN201510255627A CN104823675A CN 104823675 A CN104823675 A CN 104823675A CN 201510255627 A CN201510255627 A CN 201510255627A CN 104823675 A CN104823675 A CN 104823675A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
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Abstract
The invention relates to a production method for pure turf without culture substrate. Soil after being rolled and compacted is used, and gaps between soil particles are eliminated, so that the root system of the turf cannot prick into the soil and can only adhere to the surface layer of the compacted soil to grow, enough water and wettability degree can be kept, and enough medium-weight and micro-element nutrition particles can be provided for the growth of the turf by irrigating the compacted soil. In the production management, the high-quality turf still can be produced quickly only by providing enough macro-element nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium. The firm turf layer is formed by staggered growth of stolon, root stock and the root system, the forming turf only adheres to the surface of the compacted soil to grow instead of pricking into the soil to grow, the turf can be cut into different sizes as needed, the turf can be torn down from the soil manually, and the turf can be rolled to a turf roll or be folded into a turf block to be sold.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is a kind of technology of plant planting field, specifically a kind of production method without the pure turf of cultivation matrix.
Background technology
Turf transplants commodity for the one of turf establishment, refers to the one-tenth block lawn for selling after shoveling out.Turf is made up of the root system of lawn plant cauline leaf on the ground and under ground portion and incidental soil thereof or matrix.Turf can directly be sodded in formation lawn, ground in greening construction, has that turf speed is fast, the advantage such as simple of constructing.The turf amount of directly sodding needed for method lawn planting is large, required turf area with build up after lawn area almost equal, and the man-hour of the general afforestation project of China is all very tight, substantially the effect reaching lawn Cheng Ping in a short period of time is all needed, therefore, China's major part greening lawn engineering all have employed turf and directly sods method, and this needs very large-scale sod production could meet the market demand of urban afforestation.
The common agricultural farms soil of city suburbs is utilized to be the most general modes of China's sod production, because agricultural land soil fertility is balanced, soil aggregate is good, WGR is comparatively coordinated, be conducive to quick growth and the Cheng Ping of lawn plant, therefore the production efficiency of turf is higher.But, each turf is sold all needs the topsoil shoveling away 1.0 ~ 2.0 cm thicks, the topsoil of slaking is necessarily constantly taken away by the result of this predation formula sod production, and the topsoil in general farmland also only has the thickness of 20 ~ 30 centimetres, whole plow layer vegetable soil has just all shoveled away by the turf results of continuous more than 10 times substantially, and the barren gradually of agricultural land soil can be caused, destroy the agricultural land soil resource of China.
In order to avoid sod production is to the destruction of agricultural land soil, Liu Yaqiong etc. have invented a kind of non-earth greensward cultivation ground mass and preparation method thereof (CN201210314415), utilize agricultural wastes rice husk, wood chip, mushroom slag etc. through certain operation, preparation becomes the matrix of turf grass growth in proportion, Chen Shanxiang etc. then utilize the agricultural organic waste such as old chaff ash, wood sawdust, animal wastes, humic acid to be used as growth substrate to produce turf volume (CN201010131327), Han Liebaos etc. then utilize city compost and sand to produce without native turf (CN200810104128) as cultivation matrix, although these methods are produced can not produce destruction to agricultural land soil without native turf, but turf products can with thicker organic culture substrate, when after afforestation project middle berth turfing, this layer of organic culture substrate bring more serious negative effect can to the normal growth on lawn and maintenance: 1) turf self with organic culture substrate in the confinement capabilities of moisture and nutrient, far exceed normal soil in general afforestation project, the new root causing lawn growth to go out more easily rests in the organic culture substrate on surface, instead of growth is downwards formed deeply and the root system of stalwartness, reduce the anti-adversity ability on lawn, 2) turf with organic layer can become the hotbed of lawn pathogen and soil insect breeding in the future, and cause damage by disease and insect occurred frequently.
In order to avoid the organic culture substrate in sod production brings negative effect to the Lawn management after planting, many sod productions all adopt the method that sand flat is cultivated substantially in recent years, namely the agricultural land soil after smooth covers a thick layer of sand, sod production directly carries out on the sand flat covered, it is husky that each like this turf tripped out only can take away thinner one deck, and can not take away the agricultural land soil of lower floor.But, the water conservation of sand bed, fertilizer-preserving ability extreme difference, need to apply fertilizer in a large number and frequently, irrigate the demand that could meet turf rapid articleization and produce, in addition, the turf of band sand is very heavy, can add the cost of turf transport significantly, and the sand that agricultural land soil is spread also also can bring irreversible impact to the fertility of soil and structure.
Turf is sodded after on soil when turf establishment, as long as keep certain humidity, its stolon or each joint rhizomatic all has the ability regenerating adventive root, and can penetrate downwards in soil and form new root system, have namely paving the effect on level ground, be a kind of Building surface widely adopted in China's lawn greening engineering.But, the turf of prior art all can with one deck cultivation matrix when production and selling, cultivation matrix (the mud that turf is subsidiary, organic substrate, husky etc.) and need to sod the engineering soil on lawn at particle diameter, structure and attribute all can there is obvious difference, and this layer of different cultivation matrix can give turf establishment after healthy growth and maintenance in the future bring many negative impacts, need to adopt and cut root frequently, dredge grass, many measures such as punching just can get through the organic connections of lower soil root system and acrial part, nutritive element after fertilising and the moisture after irrigating are penetrated in root soil smoothly, and absorbed by root system.Therefore, optimal turf should be not with any growth substrate, the pure turf that is only made up of lawn cauline leaf and root system.Old equality (CN200710030827) selects the non-substrate grass blanket of No. 1 creeping bentgrass in order to obtain Guangdong, need to cultivate could realize with secondary grass planting, that is: need first on sand flat, to make creeping bentgrass grow to complete Cheng Ping, after shoveling out turf, cultivate on cement flooring or film again, remove root with husky matrix and the careless blanket not having matrix could be obtained after growing new root system.This method is too complicated, requires higher, cannot apply in large-area sod production breeding condition.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to prior art above shortcomings, a kind of production method without the pure turf of cultivation matrix is proposed, can not with any cultivation matrix, the pure turf that is only made up of lawn cauline leaf and root system, not only eliminate turf with cultivation matrix and the construction soil inharmonious negative effect caused, alleviate to amplitude peak the weight of turf, reduce the cost of transportation of turf, nor adverse effect can be caused to soil resource, to recover farmland planting, only needing turns over loosen the soil after not only but also can plant and be respectively a farmer.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
The present invention by the level ground bed through compaction treatment, by grass blade, seed or or single-strain planting in level ground bed, through irrigating moisturizing and fertilising promotes its growth, after turf Cheng Ping, turf is torn off results from level ground bed.
Described level ground bed adopts but is not limited to the farmland etc. possessing source of irrigation water.
Described compaction treatment refers to:
1) treat planting soil with rotovator and carry out rotary tillage;
2) soil is struck off with evener;
3) with the roller press of weight >=1 ton, roll extrusion is repeatedly carried out to soil;
Repeat 1) ~ 3) step, pressure firmness >=85% of the Soil of Lawn Seed bed after compaction treatment, flatness error≤10mm.Level ground of the present invention bed roll extrusion is completely different from conventional farmland planting, and the soil pressure firmness that conventional farmland (or turf) plants all≤60%, needs the soil porosity of more than 40 ~ 50% to be used as growth and the breathing space of root system of plant.Pressure firmness >=85% of Soil of Lawn Seed bed of the present invention, substantially the requirement of general subgrade is reached, the Soil of Lawn Seed bed of consolidation only so, turf root system just can be made cannot to penetrate in soil, top layer can only be sticked to grow, turf after Cheng Ping can be peeled off from upper soll layer easily, obtains only interlaced by stolon, root-like stock or root system and braiding defines firmly high-quality turf.
Described plantation, adopt but be not limited to spread and plant seeding method or the plantation of plant division cave hydroponics, wherein: spread and plant seeding method and refer to: the propagating materials (grass blade or seed) on required lawn is evenly sprinkling upon bed bed surface, level ground, while spread grass blade or seed, while use roller press roll extrusion, grass blade or seed pressure are embedded in and press solid bed surface, level ground; Plant division cave hydroponics refers to: the grass blade on required lawn or individual plant are inserted and plant in Soil of Lawn Seed bed.
Described irrigation moisturizing refers to: after completing plantation, in whole turf maintenance processes, keep level ground bed moistening by irrigating, after each irrigation, and level ground bed surface area water thickness≤5mm.
Described fertilising adopts but is not limited to apply the compound fertilizer of levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium.
Described fertilising, within every 2 weeks, once each fertilizing amount controls at 2gN/m
2, specifically can appropriately adjust according to the growth rate speed of turf.
Described turf tears off results, after turf grass growth Cheng Ping (namely turf cover degree reaches more than 90%), can according to the actual demand of turf size, turf is first cut into required size by available artificial or bead cutter, again by hand or flat mouth shovel turf is torn off from upper soll layer, be rolled into turf volume or build up divot and carry out transporting and selling.Because the resistance of cauline leaf is better than root system, at volume turf volume or when folding divot, root system should be placed on inside, cauline leaf is exposed.
Technique effect
Compared with prior art, the present invention's remarkable result compared with prior art comprises:
1) due to the complete roll extrusion consolidation of Soil of Lawn Seed bed, turf root system is not penetrate in soil to grow, but sticks to upper soll layer growth, and the turf therefore gathered in the crops after Cheng Ping is the pure turf not with any cultivation matrix.Not only avoid the negative effect that greensward cultivation ground mass brings to maintenance management in the future, and turf is very light, has saved cost of transportation to greatest extent.
2) can according to use needs, turf can cut into size arbitrarily, is rolled into turf volume, or builds up divot.
3) turf results do not need the machineries such as stubble plough, and use artificial hand tears or turf can strip down from Soil of Lawn Seed bed by flat blade shovel easily.
4) sod production can not produce any destruction to agricultural land soil, only need turn over after loosening the soil, can recover farmland planting.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the cross-sectional view of the present invention without the pure sod production method of cultivation matrix.
In figure: the cauline leaf on 1 turf top layer, the turf stolon of 2 interlaced growths on compacted soil surface, root-like stock and root system, 3 roll the soil horizon of consolidation.
Fig. 2 is embodiment effect schematic diagram.
In figure: the interlaced growth of stolon of 4 turfs, the root-like stock of 5 turfs, some earth of 6 turf root systems adhesions, the greenery on 7 turf top layers.
Embodiment
Elaborate to embodiments of the invention below, the present embodiment is implemented under premised on technical solution of the present invention, give detailed embodiment and concrete operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
Embodiment 1
The production method of the pure turf in hybridization Bermuda:
Sod production base is the farmland of original rice cultivation, and by 2 repetition rotary tillages, strike off and rolling operation, the pressure firmness of Soil of Lawn Seed bed reaches 87%, and flatness error controls to about 8mm.Trench digging discharges water irrigation 24 hours, after level ground bed suctions moisture completely, drains the ponding on top layer.
The stolon of hybridizing Bermuda (kind is TIFDWARF) is cut into the grass blade that 3 ~ 5cm is long, be sprinkling upon compacting by hand and flatten and suction on the Soil of Lawn Seed bed of moisture, the amount of planting of spreading of every square metre of grass blade is about 0.5kg, and grass blade spreads as far as possible plants evenly.With road roller, grass blade pressure is embedded in the soil on bed surface, level ground immediately after spreading grass planting stem.
After grass blade has been planted, the irrigation that discharges water of ditching immediately, keep Soil of Lawn Seed bed moistening, top layer ponding THICKNESS CONTROL is at below 3mm, and the bud of planting after 6 days on grass blade has grown 1 young leaves, and exposed new root; Respectively at 10,25,40,55 days each sealing fertilizers after plantation 1 time, composite fertilizer's nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content are 15%, and each composite fertilizer amount of application is 15 grams; Plant latter 45 days, turf coverage rate reaches 90%, and cut grass 1 time by grass mower, cutting-height is set as 25mm; Plant latter 60 days, turf is Cheng Ping completely.
Because Soil of Lawn Seed bed is rolled solid, there is no in soil that any space can allow the root system of turf insert growth downwards, the root system great majority of turf can only grow on the surface of level ground bed, that is: the cauline leaf of turf and root system all grow on the surface of level ground bed, instead of growth is in the bed of level ground.Therefore, turf and level ground bed are the growth relationship of contact substantially, and only need manually tear, turf can split away off from level ground bed.
With bead cutter one-tenth level ground turf cut grow into 1000mm, wide be 330mm rectangle grid, promptly turf one end by hand, firmly torn from soil by turf, little turf turf being rolled into cauline leaf one by one outside is rolled up, and namely can be used as turf commodity and sells.
Be transported to after lawn sods job site, turf directly sodded on the soil of leveling, after sodding, on turf, cover the thick soil of one deck 5mm again, water, roll extrusion, make turf and soil close contact, after 5 days, turf grows new root system in soil, survives completely.
Embodiment 2
The production method of the pure turf of centipede grass:
Select the farmland of original rice cultivation, by 2 repetition rotary tillages, strike off and rolling operation, the pressure firmness of Soil of Lawn Seed bed reaches 90%, and flatness error controls to about 8mm.Trench digging discharges water irrigation 24 hours, after level ground bed suctions moisture completely, drains the ponding on top layer.
The stolon of centipede grass (kind is the common people) is cut into the grass blade that 5 ~ 10cm is long, more than each grass blade band 3 buds; Manual grass blade hole pressing being planted to suctions in the Soil of Lawn Seed bed of moisture, and more than 50% of grass blade is placed into the soil, and bassets part at least containing 1 bud; Planting hole is apart from controlling at 15 ~ 20cm.
After grass blade has been planted, trench digging discharges water immediately, and keep Soil of Lawn Seed bed moistening, top layer ponding THICKNESS CONTROL is at about 8mm, and the bud of planting after 7 days on grass blade has grown 1 young leaves, and exposed new root; Respectively at 15,30,45,60 days each sealing fertilizers after plantation 1 time, composite fertilizer's nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content are 15%, and each composite fertilizer amount of application is 15 grams; Plant latter 50 days, turf coverage rate reaches 90%, and cut grass 1 time by grass mower, cutting-height is set as 50mm; Plant latter 65 days, turf is Cheng Ping completely.
With bead cutter one-tenth level ground turf cut grow into 1500mm, wide be 1000mm rectangle grid, shovel out turf gently with sharper flat blade shovel, turf built up the divot that cauline leaf is outside one by one, namely can be used as turf commodity and sell.
Be transported to after lawn sods job site, turf directly sodded on the soil of leveling, after sodding, on turf, cover the thick soil of one deck 8mm again, water, roll extrusion, make turf and soil close contact, after 6 days, turf grows new root system in soil, survives completely.
Embodiment 3
The production method of the pure turf of kentucky blue grass:
Select more smooth farmland, irrigate soil moisture content in 15 ~ 20% scopes, by 2 repetition rotary tillages, strike off and rolling operation, the pressure firmness of Soil of Lawn Seed bed reaches 85%, and flatness error controls to about 8mm.Trench digging discharges water 24 hours, after level ground bed suctions moisture completely, drains the ponding on top layer.
Evenly to be sowed by the seed of kentucky blue grass with sower and flatten in compacting and suction on the Soil of Lawn Seed bed of moisture, the sowing quantity of every square metre is 20 grams, after planting seed pressure is embedded in the soil on bed surface, level ground with road roller immediately.
After having sowed, the irrigation that discharges water of ditching immediately, keeps Soil of Lawn Seed bed moistening, and top layer ponding THICKNESS CONTROL, at about 2mm, is planted seed after 20 days and started to germinate, grow Xin Gen and young leaves; Respectively at 25,40,60,75 days each sealing fertilizers after plantation 1 time, composite fertilizer's nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content are 15%, and each composite fertilizer amount of application is 15 grams; Plant latter 70 days, turf coverage rate reaches 95%, and cut grass 1 time by grass mower, cutting-height is set as 50mm; Plant latter 75 days, turf is Cheng Ping completely.
With bead cutter one-tenth level ground turf cut grow into 1000mm, wide be 330mm rectangle grid, shovel out turf gently with sharper flat blade shovel, turf be rolled into the little turf volume that cauline leaf is one by one outside, namely can be used as turf commodity and sell.
Be transported to after lawn sods job site, turf directly sodded on the soil of leveling, after sodding, on turf, cover the thick soil of one deck 5mm again, water, roll extrusion, make turf and soil close contact, after 5 days, turf grows new root system in soil, survives completely.
Claims (7)
1. the production method without the pure turf of cultivation matrix, it is characterized in that, by through compaction treatment and pressure firmness >=85%, flatness error≤10mm level ground bed on, by grass blade, seed or single-strain planting in level ground bed, through irrigating moisturizing and its growth of fertilising promotion, after turf Cheng Ping, turf is torn off results from level ground bed.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described turf is for hybridizing Bermuda, centipede grass, kentucky blue grass or its combination.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described compaction treatment refers to:
1) treat planting soil with rotovator and carry out rotary tillage;
2) soil is struck off with evener;
3) with the roller press of weight >=1 ton, roll extrusion is carried out to soil;
Repeat 1) ~ 3) step, be met the Soil of Lawn Seed bed of pressure firmness and flatness error requirements.
4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described plantation, adopts to spread to plant seeding method or the plantation of plant division cave hydroponics.
5. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described irrigation moisturizing refers to: after completing plantation, in whole turf maintenance processes, keep level ground bed moistening by irrigating, after each irrigation, and level ground bed surface area water thickness≤5mm.
6. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described tears off results, after turf grass growth Cheng Ping, according to use needs, with artificial or bead cutter, turf is cut into required any size, more by hand or flat mouth shovel turf is torn off from upper soll layer, turf is rolled into turf volume or build up divot.
7. the method according to claim 1 or 6, is characterized in that, volume turf volume or when folding divot, root system is placed on inside, cauline leaf is exposed.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110495354A (en) * | 2019-09-23 | 2019-11-26 | 常德市西湖区三江园林建设有限公司 | It is a kind of to be used to afforest and the good grass seed of soil-water protection and its maternal inoculation method |
| CN110622784A (en) * | 2019-09-23 | 2019-12-31 | 常德市西湖区三江园林建设有限公司 | Factory production method of grass blanket for greening and water and soil protection |
| CN110651700A (en) * | 2019-09-23 | 2020-01-07 | 常德市西湖区三江园林建设有限公司 | Method for soilless culture and transplantation of excellent grass blanket |
| CN111727820A (en) * | 2020-07-15 | 2020-10-02 | 江苏宁句草业有限公司 | Lawn laying and maintaining method |
| CN115589906A (en) * | 2022-10-20 | 2023-01-13 | 江西省水利科学院（Cn） | Method for quickly producing creeping stems of eremochloa ophiuroides |
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| GB2405569B (en) * | 2003-09-03 | 2007-03-07 | Lindum Seeded Turf Ltd | Turf product |
| CN101347080A (en) * | 2007-10-12 | 2009-01-21 | 仲恺农业技术学院 | Method for planting novel non-substrate grass blanket |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110495354A (en) * | 2019-09-23 | 2019-11-26 | 常德市西湖区三江园林建设有限公司 | It is a kind of to be used to afforest and the good grass seed of soil-water protection and its maternal inoculation method |
| CN110622784A (en) * | 2019-09-23 | 2019-12-31 | 常德市西湖区三江园林建设有限公司 | Factory production method of grass blanket for greening and water and soil protection |
| CN110651700A (en) * | 2019-09-23 | 2020-01-07 | 常德市西湖区三江园林建设有限公司 | Method for soilless culture and transplantation of excellent grass blanket |
| CN111727820A (en) * | 2020-07-15 | 2020-10-02 | 江苏宁句草业有限公司 | Lawn laying and maintaining method |
| CN115589906A (en) * | 2022-10-20 | 2023-01-13 | 江西省水利科学院（Cn） | Method for quickly producing creeping stems of eremochloa ophiuroides |
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|---|---|
| CN104823675B (en) | 2017-03-22 |
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