CN114766307A - Machine-harvested cotton planting method - Google Patents
Machine-harvested cotton planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114766307A CN114766307A CN202210529391.0A CN202210529391A CN114766307A CN 114766307 A CN114766307 A CN 114766307A CN 202210529391 A CN202210529391 A CN 202210529391A CN 114766307 A CN114766307 A CN 114766307A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/50—Cotton
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Abstract
The invention discloses a planting method of machine-harvested cotton, which comprises the following steps: after the previous wheat or rape is harvested, sequentially carrying out fertilization and carriage preparation, density-fixed sowing, mechanical intertillage and weeding, chemical control, topdressing, defoliation and ripening and harvesting; wherein, the density-fixing sowing is as follows: planting in wide and narrow rows of 80cm +10cm or sowing in equal rows of 90 cm; if the cotton is planted according to the wide and narrow rows, the cotton is split by 180cm, the width of the compartment surface is 160cm, the width of the compartment ditch is 20cm, the depth is 15-20cm, 4 rows of cotton are planted on the compartment surface, the distance between the two middle rows is 80cm, the distance between the two side rows is 100cm, and the distance between the side rows and the middle of the compartment ditch is 40 cm; if the cotton plants are planted in equal rows, the width of the compartment is 180cm, two rows of cotton are planted on the compartment surface, or the width of the compartment is 90cm, and one row of cotton is planted in the middle.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cotton planting, in particular to a machine-harvested cotton planting method.
Background
At present, the area and the yield of a Xinjiang cotton area all account for more than 80 percent of the whole country, the mechanical recovery rate also reaches more than 80 percent, the production scale and the production energy of cotton in a Yangtze river drainage area and a yellow river drainage area are in a great downward sliding state, one important reason is that the production labor is large, the mechanization level is low, and particularly, the mechanical picking link is not realized. The mechanical harvesting of cotton is realized, and the integration of agricultural machinery and agriculture is the key. The crop rotation configuration, variety selection, weeding, fertilization, chemical control, defoliation and ripening acceleration are matched with machinery.
In recent years, although experimental research and demonstration of mechanical cotton picking are carried out in cotton areas to achieve certain results, some problems still exist, particularly the problem of arrangement of mechanical cotton picking plants. At present, the line spacing of cotton picking of a Xinjiang main guide machine mainly comprises 76cm equal line spacing or wide and narrow line spacing, such as 66cm +10cm or 68cm +8cm, the cotton picking machine is matched with the Xinjiang main guide machine, the cotton picking of a cotton area development machine is late, the cultivation technology and the cotton picking machine type refer to a Xinjiang cotton area, and the Xinjiang cotton area is planted by adopting 76cm equal line spacing. On one hand, the rain water is more than that in a Xinjiang cotton area in the cotton growing season, and the cotton field is easily shaded, the shedding is increased, the rotten bolls are increased, and the yield and the quality are reduced due to the row spacing planting; on the other hand, the row spacing planting causes that the existing cotton field management machinery is difficult to be put into the field for operation, such as intertillage weeding machinery, pesticide spraying machinery, fertilizer application machinery and the like, and the labor investment is increased by more than 2 in the direction change. The cotton picking at the same time has special requirements on the agronomic characters of cotton, such as plant height, the first fruit branch initial node height, the hardness of a cotton stem and the like, and the existing management mode can not be integrated with a cotton picker, such as the cotton picking control is not in place, and the plant height is up to more than 120 cm; some varieties have soft stalks and are easy to fall down in the bell period; the cotton picking machine with irregular row spacing can not normally pick cotton. Too much fertilizer is applied, especially the dosage of the nitrogen fertilizer is too much, and the pure nitrogen exceeds 20kg/667m2The proportion of the fertilizer is unreasonable, the seedling base fertilizer is applied with more nitrogen, the nutrient growth is over-vigorous, and the growth period is applied with less potassium fertilizer; the chemical regulation topping is not scientific, the yield is reduced due to less bolls formed at the middle upper part after topping, or the cotton plant height is not controlled and is not suitable for mechanical harvesting. At present on the marketA cotton picker with a suitable row spacing of 90cm is available, but the corresponding agricultural technology is still blank.
Therefore, how to provide a wide-row planting method of mechanically harvested cotton suitable for the climate ecological characteristics of Yangtze river basin and the agricultural and agronomic fusion, and simultaneously, the improvement of the yield of the cotton is a problem to be solved urgently by technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a planting method for mechanically harvested cotton, which adapts to corresponding mechanical harvesting by controlling row spacing, a chemical control method and a fertilizing method, improves harvesting efficiency and cotton yield.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for planting machine-harvested cotton comprises the following steps: after the previous-stubble rape or wheat and barley are harvested, sequentially carrying out fertilization and carriage preparation, density-fixed sowing, mechanical intertillage and weeding, chemical control, topdressing, defoliation and ripening and harvesting; wherein, the density-fixed sowing comprises the following steps: planting in wide and narrow rows of 80cm +10cm or sowing in equal rows of 90 cm; if the cotton seeds are planted according to the wide and narrow rows, the cotton seeds are planted in 180cm, the width of the box surface is 160cm, the width of the box ditch is 20cm, the depth of the box ditch is 15-20cm, 4 rows of cotton are planted on the box surface, the distance between two middle rows is 80cm, the distance between two side rows is 100cm, and the distance between the side rows and the middle of the box ditch is 40 cm; if the cotton plants are planted in equal rows, the width of the compartment is 180cm, two rows of cotton are planted on the compartment surface, or the width of the compartment is 90cm, and one row of cotton is planted in the middle. .
As a preferable technical scheme of the technical scheme, the seeding density is 6000-6800 seeds/667 m when the seeds are sown in wide and narrow rows2(ii) a When sowing in equal rows, the sowing density is 4000-4800 strains/667 m2。
As a preferable technical scheme of the technical scheme, the fertilization is performed every 667m220kg of 45 percent base fertilizer, 15kg of 12 percent calcium superphosphate and 10kg of 60 percent potassium chloride.
The preferable technical scheme of the technical scheme is that the chemical control is that the plant height of cotton is controlled to be 85-110cm, mepiquat chloride is used for full-process chemical regulation, the spacing between main stems and nodes is controlled to be 3-5cm, 13-15 layers of fruit branches or about 8 months and 5 days, chemical topping is carried out, and mepiquat chloride is sprayed for 5-6g/667m2After 15 days, the second spraying is carried outMepiquat chloride with the dosage of 10-15g/667m2。
As the preferable technical scheme of the technical scheme, the mechanical intertillage and weeding is to spray 90 percent acetochlor, 667m, of the pre-emergence herbicide by an unmanned aerial vehicle after cotton sowing and before seedling emergence2The dosage is 50-60g, and 30kg of water is added; 300ml of post-emergence herbicide 41 percent glyphosate isopropylamine salt 200-2The dosage is 50-60g, 30kg of water is added, and the mechanical or visual intelligent weeding equipment applies the pesticide in a directional and accurate manner;
as a preferable technical scheme of the technical scheme, when the top dressing is applied to cotton fields, mechanical ditching for 667m is performed218-20kg of urea, 20kg of 45% ternary compound fertilizer and 5kg of 60% potassium chloride are applied.
As a preferable technical scheme of the technical scheme, the defoliation ripening and harvesting are carried out every 667m2Spraying 40-60 g of 50% thidiazuron wettable powder and 120-200 mL of 40% ethephon agent by using an unmanned aerial vehicle, removing leaves, accelerating ripening for 15-20 days, and harvesting by using a cotton picker with a proper line spacing of 90 cm.
As the preferable technical scheme of the technical scheme, when the previous stubble is rape, black non-woven fabric is covered on the cotton row after sowing to prevent the regeneration rape from being harmful cotton seedlings, the width is 20cm, and the cotton is uncovered after blooming.
According to the technical scheme, the invention discloses a machine-harvested cotton cultivation method under the condition of plant spacing configuration of 90cm and 80cm +10 cm. The planting method solves the problems that cotton is easy to shade and rot under the existing plant and row configuration, and especially the existing cotton field management machinery is inconvenient to land, improves the ventilation and light transmission performance of the cotton field, can realize the yield increase by more than 10 percent, saves 2-3 labor, and improves the net cotton picking rate by 10 percent.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
The following examples are all tested in cotton fields in Hubei, and 5 test fields are respectively selected, wherein the No. 1 and No. 2 test fields are planted at the row spacing of 80cm +10 cm; planting in No. 3 and No. 4 test fields at row spacing of 90 cm; the test plots No. 5-7 were planted at a row spacing of 76 cm. Test plots Nos. 1 to 7 correspond to examples 1 to 7, respectively.
The test fields are all in a direct seeding mode; eliminating external interference factors, and comparing the plant height, the number of bolls, the yield, the rotten boll rate and the work of each test field.
Example 1
A method for planting mechanically harvested cotton comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: fertilizing and compartment preparation: harvesting the rape about 5 months and 20 days before, every 667m220kg of 45 percent base fertilizer ternary compound fertilizer, 15kg of 12 percent calcium superphosphate and 10kg of 60 percent potassium chloride (the amount is 3kg and K of pure nitrogen)2O9kg、 P2O54.8kg), performing rotary tillage and box preparation according to 180cm after fertilizer mixing and broadcasting;
step two: and (3) secret sowing: after 5 months and 25 days, the compartment is opened at 180cm, the width of the compartment surface is 160cm, the width of the compartment ditch is 20cm, the depth is 15cm, 4 rows of cotton are planted on the compartment surface, the distance between two rows at the middle is 80cm, the distance between two rows at the edge is 100cm, and the distance between the row at the edge and the middle of the compartment ditch is 40 cm; mechanically direct seeding at row spacing of 80cm +10cm, wherein the variety is zero fruit branch variety, and the seeding density is 6800 plants/667 m2。
Step three: chemical control: the shrinkage amination control is started after 3 true leaves of cotton, the shrinkage amination control is started after 18 days in 6 months, and the treatment is performed once every 15 days for 6 times in total, and each 667m2The dosage is 0.5g, 1g, 1.5g, 2.5g, 6g and 11g respectively, and the chemical topping time is 8 months and 5 days.
Step four: mechanical intertillage and weeding: spraying 90% acetochlor 667m after cotton sowing before seedling with unmanned aerial vehicle2The dosage is 55 g; after cotton seedling, 41% glyphosate isopropylamine salt 240ml and 10% fluoroglycofen-ethyl 25ml are selected and mechanically and accurately applied.
Step five: topdressing: 667m when the cotton field shows flowering2Applying 18kg of urea, 20kg of ternary compound fertilizer and 5kg of potassium chloride, and mechanically ditching.
Step six: defoliation ripening harvest: unmanned aerial vehicle for 10 months and 5 days every 667m2Spraying 50% of thidiazuron on the whole plant50g of tribenuron-methyl wettable powder and 150mL of 40% ethephon water aqua, defoliating and ripening, and harvesting in 10 months and 25 days.
Example 2
A method for planting mechanically harvested cotton comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: fertilizing in whole compartment: after harvesting wheat of 25 days in 5 months and every 667m220kg of 45 percent ternary compound fertilizer as base fertilizer, 15kg of calcium superphosphate and 10kg of potassium chloride (equivalent to 3kg of pure nitrogen, P)2O54.8kg,K2O9kg), mixing and broadcasting fertilizers, and performing rotary tillage and carriage preparation according to 180 cm;
step two: and (4) secret sowing: the method is characterized in that the compartment is opened at 180cm, the width of the compartment surface is 160cm, the width of the compartment ditch is 20cm, the depth of the compartment ditch is 15-20cm, 4 rows of cotton are planted on the compartment surface, the distance between two middle rows is 80cm, the distance between two side rows is 100cm, the distance between the side row and the middle of the compartment ditch is 40cm, the mechanical direct seeding is carried out on 5 months and 27 days according to the row distance of 80cm +10cm, the variety is an I-type fruit branch variety, and the seeding density is 6000 plants/667 m2。
Step three: chemical control: starting chemical modification by mepiquat chloride after 3 main leaves of cotton, starting at 18 days in 6 months, starting once every 15 days for 6 times, and every 667m2The dosage is 0.5g, 1g, 1.5g, 2.5g, 6g and 11g respectively. The chemical topping time is 8 months and 6 days.
Step four: mechanical intertillage and weeding: spraying 90% acetochlor 667m after cotton sowing and before seedling with unmanned aerial vehicle255g of dosage is added with 30kg of water; after cotton seedling, 240ml of 41% glyphosate isopropylamine salt and 25ml of 10% fluoroglycofen-ethyl are selected and mechanically and accurately applied.
Step five: topdressing: when flowers appear in cotton field, every 667m2Applying 20kg of urea, 20kg of ternary compound fertilizer and 5kg of potassium chloride, and mechanically ditching.
Step six: defoliation ripening harvest: each 667m after 10 months and 5 days250g of thidiazuron wettable powder and 150mL of 40% ethephon water aqua are sprayed on the whole plant of an unmanned aerial vehicle, defoliation and ripening are carried out, and harvesting is carried out in 10 months and 25 days.
Example 3
A method for planting mechanically harvested cotton comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: fertilizing in whole compartment: after harvesting 20 days before 5 months, every 667m220kg of 45 percent ternary compound fertilizer as base fertilizer15kg of superphosphate and 10kg of potassium chloride (equivalent to 3kg of pure nitrogen, P)2O54.8kg,K2O9kg) and fertilizing after being mixed and spread, and cultivating and preparing the compartment according to 180 cm.
Step two: and (3) secret sowing: the width of the compartment is 180cm, the cotton is mechanically and directly sown on the surface of the compartment at a row spacing of 90cm in 25 days after 5 months, the varieties are II type fruit branch varieties, and the sowing density is 4800 plants/667 m2。
Step three: chemical control: the shrinkage amination control is started after 3 true leaves of cotton, and the shrinkage amination control is started after 6 months and 20 days, and is performed once every 15 days or so for 6 times in total, and each 667m2The dosage is 0.5g, 1g, 1.5g, 2.5g, 6g and 12g respectively. The chemical topping time is 8 months and 6 days.
Step four: mechanical intertillage and weeding: spraying 90% acetochlor 667m after cotton sowing and before seedling by unmanned aerial vehicle2The dosage is 55 g; after cotton seedling, 41% glyphosate isopropylamine salt 240ml and 10% fluoroglycofen-ethyl 25ml are selected and mechanically and accurately applied.
Step five: topdressing: when flowers appear in cotton field, every 667m2Applying 18kg of urea, 20kg of ternary compound fertilizer and 5kg of potassium chloride, and mechanically ditching.
Step six: defoliation ripening harvest: unmanned aerial vehicle for 10 months and 5 days every 667m250g of thidiazuron wettable powder and 150mL of 40% ethephon water aqua are sprayed on the whole plant, the plant is defoliated and ripened, and the plant is harvested in 10 months and 25 days.
Example 4
A method for planting mechanically harvested cotton comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: fertilizing in whole compartment: after harvesting wheat of 25 days in 5 months, each 667m220kg of 45 percent base fertilizer ternary compound fertilizer, 15kg of calcium superphosphate and 10kg of potassium chloride (equivalent to 3kg of pure nitrogen, P)2O54.8kg,K2O9kg), mixing the fertilizers, spraying, and carrying out rotary tillage and ridging according to 90 cm.
Step two: and (3) secret sowing: mechanically direct sowing the cotton seeds at a row spacing of 90cm in a ridge width of 90cm in 27 days after 5 months, planting a row of cotton on the ridge surface, wherein the variety is a II-type fruit branch variety, and the sowing density is 4500 seeds/667 m2。
Step three: chemical control: starting chemical modification by mepiquat chloride after 3 main leaves of cotton, starting at 22 days in 6 months, starting once every 15 days, and totally 6 times every 667m2The dosage is 0.5g, 1g, 1.5g, 2.5g, 6g and 11g respectively, and the chemical topping time is 8 months and 6 days.
Step four: mechanical intertillage and weeding: spraying 90% acetochlor 667m after cotton sowing before seedling with unmanned aerial vehicle2The dosage is 55 g; after cotton seedling, 240ml of 41% glyphosate isopropylamine salt and 25ml of 10% fluoroglycofen-ethyl are selected and mechanically and accurately applied. Step five: topdressing: when flowers appear in cotton field, every 667m2Applying 20kg of urea, 20kg of ternary compound fertilizer and 5kg of potassium chloride, and mechanically ditching.
Step six: defoliation ripening and harvesting: unmanned aerial vehicle for 10 months and 5 days every 667m250g of 50% thidiazuron wettable powder and 150mL of 40% ethephon water agent are sprayed on the whole plant, the leaf is removed, ripening is accelerated, and the plant is harvested in 10 months and 25 days.
Example 5
A method for planting mechanically harvested cotton comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: fertilizing in the whole compartment: after harvesting wheat of 25 days in 5 months, each 667m220kg of 45 percent base fertilizer ternary compound fertilizer, 15kg of calcium superphosphate and 10kg of potassium chloride (equivalent to 3kg of pure nitrogen, P)2O54.8kg,K2O9kg), and cultivating and finishing the compartment by rotating the compartment by 152cm after fertilizer mixing and spreading.
Step two: and (3) secret sowing: mechanically direct seeding at row spacing of 76cm in 27 days in 5 months with seeding density of 6000 plants/667 m2。
Step three: chemical control: starting chemical control of shrinkage and amination on 8 true leaves of cotton, counting three chemical control bud periods, flowering periods and topping, wherein each 667m2The dosage is 1.5g, 2.5g and 15g respectively. The chemical topping time is 8 months and 6 days.
Step four: and (3) reseeding and weeding: spraying 90% acetochlor 667m after cotton sowing before seedling with unmanned aerial vehicle2The dosage is 55 g; (ii) a The weeding after the cotton seedling is manual operation, and the combined use of the seedling shortage, the reseeding and the weeding is 2.5/667 m2。
Step five: topdressing: when flowers appear in cotton field, every 667m2Applying 20kg of urea, 20kg of ternary compound fertilizer and 5kg of potassium chloride, and mechanically ditching.
Step six: defoliation ripening and harvesting: unmanned aerial vehicle used for 10 months and 5 days is 667m each250% thidiazuron wettable powder sprayed on whole plant50g of powder and 150mL of 40% ethephon aqua, defoliating and ripening, and harvesting in 10 months and 25 days.
Example 6
A method for planting mechanically harvested cotton comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: fertilizing in whole compartment: after harvesting wheat of 25 days in 5 months, each 667m220kg of 45 percent ternary compound fertilizer as base fertilizer, 15kg of calcium superphosphate and 10kg of potassium chloride (equivalent to 3kg of pure nitrogen, P)2O54.8kg,K2O9kg) and fertilizing after being mixed and spread, and cultivating and preparing the compartment by rotating the compartment by 152 cm.
Step two: and (4) secret sowing: mechanically direct seeding at row spacing of 76cm in 27 days in 5 months with seeding density of 4000 branches/667 m2。
Step three: chemical control: starting chemical control of shrinkage and amination on 8 true leaves of cotton, calculating three chemical control, bud period, flowering period and topping, wherein each 667m2The dosage is 1.5g, 2.5g and 15g respectively. The chemical topping time is 8 months and 6 days.
Step four: seedling supplementing, intertillage and weeding: the harvest density can not be guaranteed after cotton sowing, and the labor for seedling supplement is 1.0/667 m2Spraying 90% acetochlor 667m before cotton emergence2The dosage is 55 g; the weeding after the cotton seedling is manual operation, and the common work is 1.5/667 m2。
Step five: topdressing: when flowers appear in cotton fields, every 667m2Applying 20kg of urea, 20kg of ternary compound fertilizer and 5kg of potassium chloride, and mechanically ditching.
Step six: defoliation ripening and harvesting: unmanned aerial vehicle for 10 months and 5 days every 667m250g of 50% thidiazuron wettable powder and 150mL of 40% ethephon water agent are sprayed on the whole plant, the leaf is removed, ripening is accelerated, and the plant is harvested in 10 months and 25 days.
Example 7
A planting method of machine-harvested cotton is a traditional planting method and comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: fertilizing and compartment preparation: after harvesting wheat of 25 days in 5 months and every 667m230kg of 45 percent base fertilizer ternary compound fertilizer (converted into 4.5kg of pure nitrogen, K)2O4.5kg,P2O54.5kg), and performing rotary tillage and box preparation according to 152cm after fertilizer mixing and broadcasting.
Step two: fixed secret broadcastThe method comprises the following steps: mechanically direct seeding at a row spacing of 76cm in 27 days in 5 months with a seeding density of 4000 seeds/667 m2。
Step three: chemical control: starting shrinkage and amination chemical control on 8 true leaves of cotton, and counting three chemical control bud periods, flower periods and topping, wherein each 667m2The dosage is 1.5g, 2.5g and 8g respectively. The chemical topping time is 8 months and 6 days.
Step four: supplementing seeds, cultivating and weeding. 1/667 m of artificial reseeding2Spraying 90% acetochlor 667m after cotton sowing before seedling with unmanned aerial vehicle2The dosage is 55 g; the weeding after cotton seedling is manual operation, and 2.0 weeds are used per 667m2。
Step five: topdressing: when flowers appear in cotton fields, every 667m2And (3) applying 30kg of urea and 20kg of ternary compound fertilizer, and broadcasting.
Step six: defoliation ripening and harvesting: unmanned aerial vehicle for 10 months and 10 days each 667m250g of 50% thidiazuron wettable powder and 150mL of 40% ethephon water aqua are sprayed on the whole plant, defoliation and ripening are carried out, cotton plants are laid down and cannot be harvested mechanically, and 2 workers/667 m are harvested manually in 29 days in 10 months2。
The cotton field in each example was counted for the yield density, plant height, chemical topping boll number, boll rotting ratio, yield, labor, etc., and the results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
As can be seen from the table 1, the indexes in the embodiments 1 to 4 of the invention are all superior to those of the current planting mode (embodiments 5 to 6), the yield is more, the rotten boll is less, and the one-time clean picking rate and the yield are improved by more than 10%; meanwhile, the embodiments 1-4 of the invention can realize the whole-process mechanized management, and the labor is obviously less than that of the traditional planting mode. No. 7 traditional planting mode height is too high, and the variety stalk is softer, and later stage lodging can not realize the machine and adopts. The traditional planting mode has high investment, more labor and low yield and can not meet the mechanical mining requirement.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (8)
1. A method for planting mechanically harvested cotton is characterized by comprising the following steps: after the previous rape or wheat is harvested, sequentially carrying out fertilization and carriage arrangement, density-fixed sowing, mechanical intertillage and weeding, chemical control, topdressing, defoliation and ripening acceleration and harvesting; wherein, the density-fixed sowing comprises the following steps: planting in wide and narrow rows of 80cm +10cm or sowing in equal rows of 90 cm; if the cotton is planted according to the wide and narrow rows, the cotton is split by 180cm, the width of the compartment surface is 160cm, the width of the compartment ditch is 20cm, the depth is 15-20cm, 4 rows of cotton are planted on the compartment surface, the distance between the two middle rows is 80cm, the distance between the two side rows is 100cm, and the distance between the side rows and the middle of the compartment ditch is 40 cm; if the cotton plants are planted in equal rows, the width of the compartment is 180cm, two rows of cotton are planted on the compartment surface, or the width of the compartment is 90cm, and one row of cotton is planted in the middle.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seeding density is 6000-plus 6800 plants/667 m when seeding in wide and narrow rows2(ii) a When sowing in equal rows, the sowing density is 4000-2。
3. The method for planting mechanical harvested cotton according to claim 2, wherein the fertilizer application and completion compartment is 667m per compartment2Applying base fertilizer 45%, ternary compound fertilizer 20kg, 12% calcium superphosphate 15kg and 60% potassium chloride 10 kg.
4. The method for planting mechanically harvested cotton according to claim 3, wherein the chemical control is that the plant height of the cotton is controlled to be 85-110cm, the chemical control is carried out by using mepiquat chloride in a whole process, the spacing between main stem nodes is controlled to be 3-5cm, when 13-15 layers of fruit branches are planted, the chemical topping is carried out, and the mepiquat chloride is sprayed for 5-6g/667m2Spraying mepiquat chloride for the second time after 15 days, wherein the dosage is 10-15g/667m2。
5. The method for planting mechanically harvested cotton according to claim 4, wherein the mechanical intertillage and weeding is spraying pre-emergence herbicide 90% acetochlor 667m after cotton sowing and before seedling with an unmanned aerial vehicle2The dosage is 50-60 g; 300ml of post-emergence herbicide of 41 percent glyphosate isopropylamine salt 200-2The dosage is 50-60g, and the mechanical or visual intelligent weeding equipment applies the pesticide in a directional and accurate manner.
6. The method for planting mechanically harvested cotton according to claim 5, wherein the topdressing is combined with intertilling 667m when flowers appear in the cotton field2Applying 18-20kg of urea, 20kg of 45% ternary compound fertilizer and 5kg of potassium chloride in a ditch.
7. The method for planting mechanically harvested cotton according to claim 6, wherein the defoliation, ripening and harvesting are performed every 667m2Spraying 40-60 g of 50% thidiazuron wettable powder and 120-200 ml of 40% ethephon water agent by using a whole unmanned aerial vehicle, removing leaves, accelerating ripening for 15-20 days, and harvesting by using a cotton picker with a proper row spacing of 90 cm.
8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the previous crop is rape, black non-woven fabric is covered on the cotton row to prevent the regenerated rape from being harmful cotton seedlings, the width of the cotton seedlings is 20cm, and the cotton seedlings are uncovered after the cotton blooms.
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