CN110859113A - Corn interlaced hole staggered full-edge row planting method - Google Patents
Corn interlaced hole staggered full-edge row planting method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a corn interlaced hole staggered full-edge row planting method, particularly relates to the technical field of corn planting, and specifically comprises the following steps: s1, soaking seeds; s2, accelerating germination; s3, soil preparation; s4, adjusting soil moisture; s5, sowing seeds; s6, fertilizing after sowing; s7, post management; s8, harvesting. According to the invention, the green beans are planted around the corn, the green beans can fertilize soil by fixing nitrogen in the air through rhizobia at the root of the green beans, so that the nitrogen content of the corn is conveniently supplemented, on one hand, sufficient nitrogen is ensured during the growth of the corn, on the other hand, the content of applied nitrogen fertilizer is reduced, the cost is effectively reduced, meanwhile, the corn plants can be used as a bracket for the green beans to climb, the growth of the green beans is facilitated, in addition, the savory mint can repel pests such as plutella xylostella, green bean beetle and black aphid, and can attract beneficial insects such as bees, so that the growth of the corn and the green beans is.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of corn planting, in particular to a corn interlaced hole staggered full-side row planting method.
Background
Corn is an annual herbaceous plant of the genus Zea of the family Gramineae, namely maize, stick, corn, maize, corn cane, corn, pearl rice, corn and reed canary, and the like, and the corn is an annual hermaphrodite cross-pollinated plant, is tall and big in plant and strong in stem, is an important food crop and feed crop, is also a crop with the highest total yield all over the world, and has the planting area and the total yield second only to rice and wheat. Corn has been praised as a long-life food all the time, contains rich protein, fat, vitamins, trace elements, cellulose and the like, has great potential for developing high-nutrition and high-biological function food, but has the defects of overlong period, overlarge variation coefficient and influence on growth and development of filial generation in the conventional breeding process due to more complex heredity and rich variation types, and the modern biological breeding technology not only overcomes the defects and shortcomings but also improves the breeding speed and quality.
The corn needs to be supplemented with enough nitrogen during the growth period, and usually needs to be mainly applied with nitrogen fertilizer, so that enough nitrogen fertilizer is needed during the whole corn planting period, and the growth of the corn is influenced if the content of the nitrogen fertilizer applied is insufficient.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the field corn is planted around the field corn, the field corn can be fertilized with nitrogen by fixing air nitrogen through rhizobia at the root of the field corn, so that nitrogen content can be supplemented to the field corn conveniently, on one hand, sufficient nitrogen is ensured during the growth of the field corn, on the other hand, the content of applied nitrogen fertilizer is reduced, the cost is effectively reduced, meanwhile, the field corn can be used as a bracket for the field corn to climb, the field corn is favorable for the growth of the field corn, and the savory mint can repel pests such as plutella xylostella, bean shells and black aphids and attract beneficial insects such as bees, so that the field corn and the field corn are favorable for promoting the growth of the field corn and the field corn.
In order to achieve the above object, the embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions: a corn interlaced hole staggered full-edge row planting method comprises the following specific steps:
s1, seed soaking: preparing warm water, then selecting full-grain corn seeds with single cluster and large-grain type improved seeds, putting the corn seeds into the warm water, stirring the corn seeds to ensure that the corn seeds are uniformly heated, and immediately fishing out the corn seeds after the corn seeds absorb water and expand;
s2, pregermination: washing the soaked corn seeds once with warm water at 50-55 ℃ and draining the water, then spreading a layer of plastic cloth on a heated brick bed, spreading a layer of straw with the thickness of 10cm on the plastic cloth, then spreading clean cloth pieces on the straw, putting the corn seeds on the cloth pieces, wherein the corn seeds have the thickness of 8-10cm, finally covering the clean cloth pieces washed with warm water on the corn seeds for heat preservation and germination acceleration, taking out uniform sprouts after 36-48h, then taking out the corn seeds, putting the corn seeds in a shade for drying, selecting the corn seeds without germination, and sowing after the surfaces of the corn seeds are dried;
s3, soil preparation: rotary tillage is carried out by using a rotary cultivator, the rotary tillage depth is controlled to be 20-25cm, and then 1000kg of high-quality organic fertilizer is applied to each mu of base;
s4, adjusting soil moisture: measuring the water content of the soil by using a soil moisture tester, and supplementing water to the soil watering yellow water when the water content of the soil is lower than 20%;
s5, sowing: dividing a field into a plurality of rows, excavating corn planting holes in odd rows from a first position from the head of the ridge, excavating kidney bean planting holes and savory mint planting holes in a second position, excavating corn planting holes in a third position, excavating kidney bean planting holes and savory mint planting holes in a fourth position, excavating the tail of the ridge by analogy, excavating kidney bean planting holes and savory mint planting holes in even rows from the first position from the head of the ridge, excavating corn planting holes in the second position, excavating kidney bean planting holes and savory mint planting holes in the third position, excavating corn planting holes in the fourth position, excavating the analogy to the tail of the ridge, and respectively planting corn seeds, kidney bean seeds and savory mint roots in the corn planting holes, the kidney bean planting holes and the savory mint planting holes after the excavation of the holes is finished;
s6, fertilizing after sowing: applying compound fertilizer to the corn seeds after sowing, and applying organic humic fertilizer to the cowpea seeds and the summer savory mint seeds;
s7, post management:
s7.1, performing later-stage management on the corns;
s7.2, performing late-stage management on the summer savory;
s7.3, performing post-management on the green beans;
s8, harvesting: harvesting after the corn, the savory mint and the corn are completely mature.
Further, in the step S1, the temperature of the warm water is 25-28 ℃, the water surface is 20-25cm higher than the corn seeds during seed soaking, and the seed soaking time is 3-5 h.
Furthermore, in step S2, the germination accelerating temperature is controlled at 25-30 ℃, the seeds are turned over up and down every 1h and are watered thoroughly with warm water every 12h, so that the seeds are prevented from being burnt at too high temperature.
Further, in step S5, the distance between each row is 55-65cm, the distance between the corn planting hole and the kidney bean planting hole in each row is 30-40cm, the distance between the kidney bean planting hole and the savory mint planting hole is 15-20cm, the distance between the savory mint planting hole and the corn planting hole is 30-40cm, the hole depth of the corn planting hole is 10-20cm, the hole depth of the kidney bean planting hole is 3-5cm, and the hole depth of the savory mint planting hole is 6-10 cm.
Further, in step S5, the vigna unguiculata and the savory mint are quickly scalded with hot water of 80-90 ℃ before sowing, then immediately added into water of 25-30 ℃ to cool for 4-5h, fished out and aired for sowing.
Further, the specific post-management step in step S7.1 is:
s7.1.1, seedling lifting: when the length of the corn is 10-18cm, pulling out smaller corn and only keeping the most robust corn;
s7.1.2, weeding: weeding is carried out on the periphery of the corn stalks in time, and redundant branches at the tops of the corn stalks are removed in time;
s7.1.3, topdressing:
a. and (3) seedling fertilizer: when 5-7 leaves grow on the corn, nitrogen fertilizer is mainly used;
b. fertilizing the first stalk: the fertilizer is mainly applied when the corn is subjected to jointing;
c. ear fertilization: the quick-acting nitrogen and phosphorus are mainly applied before the male extraction of the corn;
d. seed fertilizer: after flowering and pollination, the fertilizer is mainly applied by nitrogen fertilizer.
Further, the specific post-management step in step S7.2 is:
s7.2.1, first topdressing: before and after clearing, when the height of seedlings is 7cm, 4kg of urea is applied to roots per mu of water to promote the growth of the seedlings;
s7.2.2, first topdressing: in the middle ten days of 5 months, 8-10kg of compound fertilizer is applied to each mu, and furrowing and strip-planting are carried out 10cm away from seedlings;
s7.2.3, topdressing for the third time: before and after the planting of the miscanthus sinensis, a seedling-viewing and fertilizing method is adopted, wherein nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are commonly applied in a matched mode, and 30kg of fertilizer is applied per mu.
Further, the specific post-management step in step S7.3 is:
s7.3.1, germination and fertilization: after the green beans germinate, the fertilizer cannot be applied immediately, careful observation is needed, organic fertilizer is applied after the sprouts are hard, and the fertilizer is applied by slightly applying the fertilizer beside the sprouts instead of directly spraying the fertilizer on the sprouts;
s7.3.2, flowering and fertilizing: organic fertilizer is taken as the main material;
s7.3.3, fertilizing after result: when the vigna unguiculata plants gradually grow into small vigna unguiculata, applying compound fertilizer beside the vigna unguiculata plants, wherein each vigna unguiculata plant is controlled at 0.05 kg.
The embodiment of the invention has the following advantages:
according to the invention, corns are planted in interlaced and staggered holes, so that the corn plants are convenient to ventilate and transmit light, the photosynthesis of the corn plants is facilitated, the corn plants are facilitated to grow, the green beans are planted around the corns, the green beans can fertilize soil by fixing nitrogen in the air through rhizobia at the roots of the green beans, so that the nitrogen content is conveniently supplemented to the corns, on one hand, sufficient nitrogen is ensured during the growth period of the corns, on the other hand, the content of applied nitrogen fertilizer is reduced, the cost is effectively reduced, meanwhile, the corn plants can be used as a bracket for climbing the green beans, the growth of the green beans is facilitated, in addition, the savory mint can drive pests such as plutella xylostella, green beans and black aphids, and can attract beneficial insects such as bees, so that the growth.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in terms of particular embodiments, other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention and that it is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
the invention provides a corn interlaced hole staggered full-edge row planting method which comprises the following specific steps:
s1, seed soaking: preparing warm water at 25 ℃, then selecting full-grain corn seeds with single cluster and large-grain type improved varieties to be put into the warm water, wherein the water surface is 20cm higher than the corn seeds, stirring the mixture at the same time to ensure that the corn seeds are uniformly heated, soaking the corn seeds for 3 hours, and immediately fishing out the corn seeds after the corn seeds absorb water and expand;
s2, pregermination: washing the soaked corn seeds once with warm water at 50 ℃ and controlling the water content, then spreading a layer of plastic cloth on a heated brick bed, spreading a layer of straw with the thickness of 10cm on the plastic cloth, spreading clean cloth pieces on the straw, placing the corn seeds on the cloth pieces, wherein the corn seeds have the thickness of 8cm, finally covering the clean cloth pieces washed with warm water on the corn seeds for heat preservation and germination acceleration, controlling the germination acceleration temperature to be 25 ℃, turning the seeds up and down every 1h, pouring the seeds thoroughly with the warm water every 12h to prevent the seeds from being burnt too high in temperature, taking the seeds out after 36h to be uniform, then taking out the corn seeds, placing the seeds in the shade for drying, selecting the corn seeds without germination, and sowing after the surfaces of the corn seeds are dried;
s3, soil preparation: carrying out rotary tillage by using a rotary cultivator, controlling the rotary tillage depth to be 20cm, and then applying 1000kg of high-quality organic fertilizer per mu of base;
s4, adjusting soil moisture: measuring the water content of the soil by using a soil moisture tester, and supplementing water to the soil watering yellow water when the water content of the soil is lower than 20%;
s5, sowing: before sowing, quickly scalding the seeds of the cowpea seeds and the savoury mint seeds in hot water at 80 ℃, immediately adding water at 25 ℃ for cooling for 4 hours, taking out and airing, and sowing, wherein the field is divided into a plurality of rows, the spacing of each row is 55cm, odd rows begin to dig a corn planting hole from the head of a ridge, then dig a cowpea planting hole and a savoury mint planting hole from the second position, then dig a corn planting hole from the third position, dig a cowpea planting hole and a savoury mint planting hole from the fourth position, and so on to dig the tail of the ridge, even rows begin to dig a cowpea planting hole and a savoury mint planting hole from the head of the ridge, then dig a corn planting hole from the second position, then dig a cowpea planting hole and a savoury mint planting hole from the third position, dig a corn planting hole from the fourth position to dig the tail of the ridge, and so on, the spacing between the corn planting hole and the cowpea planting hole in each row is 30cm, the distance between the kidney bean planting hole and the Xia Xiang mint planting hole is 15cm, the distance between the Xia Xiang mint planting hole and the corn planting hole is 30cm, the hole depth of the corn planting hole is 10cm, the hole depth of the kidney bean planting hole is 3cm, the hole depth of the Xia Xiang mint hole is 6cm, and after the digging of the holes is completed, corn seeds, kidney bean seeds and Xia Xiang mint planting holes are respectively planted in the corn planting hole, the kidney bean planting hole and the Xia Xiang mint planting hole;
s6, fertilizing after sowing: applying compound fertilizer to the corn seeds after sowing, and applying organic humic fertilizer to the cowpea seeds and the summer savory mint seeds;
s7, post management:
s7.1, corn later-period management:
s7.1.1, seedling lifting: when the length of the corn is 10cm, pulling out smaller corn and only keeping the most robust corn;
s7.1.2, weeding: weeding is carried out on the periphery of the corn stalks in time, and redundant branches at the tops of the corn stalks are removed in time;
s7.1.3, topdressing:
a. and (3) seedling fertilizer: when 5 leaves grow on the corn, nitrogen fertilizer is mainly used;
b. fertilizing the first stalk: the fertilizer is mainly applied when the corn is subjected to jointing;
c. ear fertilization: the quick-acting nitrogen and phosphorus are mainly applied before the male extraction of the corn;
d. seed fertilizer: after flowering and pollination, the fertilizer is mainly applied by nitrogen fertilizer;
s7.2, performing late-stage management on the summer savory mint:
s7.2.1, first topdressing: before and after clearing, when the height of seedlings is 7cm, 4kg of urea is applied to roots per mu of water to promote the growth of the seedlings;
s7.2.2, first topdressing: in the middle ten days of 5 months, 8kg of compound fertilizer is used per mu, and furrowing and strip-planting are carried out 10cm away from seedlings;
s7.2.3, topdressing for the third time: before and after the miscanthus, a seedling-looking fertilization method is adopted, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are commonly applied in a matching way, and 30kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is applied per mu;
s7.3, performing post-management on the green beans:
s7.3.1, germination and fertilization: after the green beans germinate, the fertilizer cannot be applied immediately, careful observation is needed, organic fertilizer is applied after the sprouts are hard, and the fertilizer is applied by slightly applying the fertilizer beside the sprouts instead of directly spraying the fertilizer on the sprouts;
s7.3.2, flowering and fertilizing: organic fertilizer is taken as the main material;
s7.3.3, fertilizing after result: when the vigna unguiculata plants gradually grow into small vigna unguiculata, applying a compound fertilizer beside the vigna unguiculata plants, wherein each vigna unguiculata plant is controlled at 0.05 kg;
s8, harvesting: harvesting after the corn, the savory mint and the corn are completely mature.
Example 2:
the invention provides a corn interlaced hole staggered full-edge row planting method which comprises the following specific steps:
s1, seed soaking: preparing warm water at 26.5 ℃, then selecting full-grain corn seeds with single cluster and large-grain type improved seeds, putting the corn seeds into the warm water, wherein the water surface is 22.5cm higher than the corn seeds, stirring the mixture at the same time to uniformly heat the corn seeds, soaking the corn seeds for 4 hours, and immediately fishing out the corn seeds after the corn seeds absorb water and expand;
s2, pregermination: washing the soaked corn seeds once with warm water at 52.5 ℃ and controlling the water content, then spreading a layer of plastic cloth on a heated brick bed, spreading a layer of straw with the thickness of 10cm on the plastic cloth, then spreading clean cloth pieces on the straw, placing the corn seeds on the cloth pieces, wherein the corn seeds have the thickness of 9cm, finally covering the clean cloth pieces washed with warm water on the corn seeds for heat preservation and germination acceleration, controlling the germination acceleration temperature at 27.5 ℃, turning over every 1 hour, pouring the seeds with the warm water once every 12 hours to prevent the seeds from being burnt too high in temperature, taking out the seeds after 42 hours to form uniform sprouts, taking out the corn seeds, placing the corn seeds in a shade for drying, selecting the corn seeds without germination, and sowing after the surfaces of the corn seeds are dried;
s3, soil preparation: rotary tillage is carried out by using a rotary cultivator, the rotary tillage depth is controlled to be 22.5cm, and then 1000kg of high-quality organic fertilizer is applied to each mu of base;
s4, adjusting soil moisture: measuring the water content of the soil by using a soil moisture tester, and supplementing water to the soil watering yellow water when the water content of the soil is lower than 20%;
s5, sowing: before sowing, quickly scalding the seeds of the kidney beans and the savoury mint in hot water at 85 ℃, immediately adding water at 27.5 ℃ for cooling for 4.5 hours, taking out and airing for sowing, dividing the field into a plurality of rows, wherein the space between every two rows is 60cm, excavating corn planting holes from the first position of the ridge head on odd rows, excavating kidney bean planting holes and savoury mint planting holes from the second position, excavating corn planting holes from the third position, excavating kidney bean planting holes and savoury mint planting holes from the fourth position, excavating to the tail of the ridge by analogy, excavating kidney bean planting holes and savoury mint planting holes from the first position of the ridge head on even rows, excavating corn planting holes from the second position, excavating kidney bean planting holes and savoury mint planting holes from the third position, excavating corn planting holes from the fourth position, excavating to the tail of the ridge by analogy, and the space between the corn planting holes and the kidney beans in each row is 35cm, the distance between the kidney bean planting hole and the Xia Xiang mint planting hole is 17.5cm, the distance between the Xia Xiang mint planting hole and the corn planting hole is 35cm, the hole depth of the corn planting hole is 15cm, the hole depth of the kidney bean planting hole is 4cm, the hole depth of the Xia Xiang mint planting hole is 8cm, and after the digging of the holes is completed, corn seeds, kidney bean seeds and Xia Xiang mint planting holes are respectively planted in the corn planting hole, the kidney bean planting hole and the Xia Xiang mint planting hole;
s6, fertilizing after sowing: applying compound fertilizer to the corn seeds after sowing, and applying organic humic fertilizer to the cowpea seeds and the summer savory mint seeds;
s7, post management:
s7.1, corn later-period management:
s7.1.1, seedling lifting: when the length of the corn is 14cm, pulling out smaller corn, and only keeping the most robust corn;
s7.1.2, weeding: weeding is carried out on the periphery of the corn stalks in time, and redundant branches at the tops of the corn stalks are removed in time;
s7.1.3, topdressing:
a. and (3) seedling fertilizer: when 6 leaves grow on the corn, nitrogen fertilizer is mainly used;
b. fertilizing the first stalk: the fertilizer is mainly applied when the corn is subjected to jointing;
c. ear fertilization: the quick-acting nitrogen and phosphorus are mainly applied before the male extraction of the corn;
d. seed fertilizer: after flowering and pollination, the fertilizer is mainly applied by nitrogen fertilizer;
s7.2, performing late-stage management on the summer savory mint:
s7.2.1, first topdressing: before and after clearing, when the height of seedlings is 7cm, 4kg of urea is applied to roots per mu of water to promote the growth of the seedlings;
s7.2.2, first topdressing: in the middle ten days of 5 months, 9kg of compound fertilizer is used per mu, and furrowing and strip-planting are carried out 10cm away from seedlings;
s7.2.3, topdressing for the third time: before and after the miscanthus, a seedling-looking fertilization method is adopted, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are commonly applied in a matching way, and 30kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is applied per mu;
s7.3, performing post-management on the green beans:
s7.3.1, germination and fertilization: after the green beans germinate, the fertilizer cannot be applied immediately, careful observation is needed, organic fertilizer is applied after the sprouts are hard, and the fertilizer is applied by slightly applying the fertilizer beside the sprouts instead of directly spraying the fertilizer on the sprouts;
s7.3.2, flowering and fertilizing: organic fertilizer is taken as the main material;
s7.3.3, fertilizing after result: when the vigna unguiculata plants gradually grow into small vigna unguiculata, applying a compound fertilizer beside the vigna unguiculata plants, wherein each vigna unguiculata plant is controlled at 0.05 kg;
s8, harvesting: harvesting after the corn, the savory mint and the corn are completely mature.
Example 3:
the invention provides a corn interlaced hole staggered full-edge row planting method which comprises the following specific steps:
s1, seed soaking: preparing warm water at 28 ℃, then selecting full-grain corn seeds with single cluster and large-grain type improved varieties to be put into the warm water, wherein the water surface is 25cm higher than the corn seeds, stirring the mixture at the same time to ensure that the corn seeds are uniformly heated, soaking the corn seeds for 5 hours, and immediately fishing out the corn seeds after the corn seeds absorb water and expand;
s2, pregermination: washing the soaked corn seeds once with warm water at 55 ℃ and controlling the water content, then spreading a layer of plastic cloth on a heated brick bed, spreading a layer of straw with the thickness of 10cm on the plastic cloth, spreading clean cloth pieces on the straw, placing the corn seeds on the cloth pieces, wherein the corn seeds have the thickness of 10cm, finally covering the clean cloth pieces washed with warm water on the corn seeds for heat preservation and germination acceleration, controlling the germination acceleration temperature to be 30 ℃, turning the seeds up and down every 1h, pouring the seeds thoroughly with the warm water every 12h to prevent the seeds from being burnt at an excessive temperature, taking the seeds out after 48h to be uniform, then taking out the corn seeds, placing the seeds in a shade for drying, selecting the corn seeds without germination, and sowing after the surfaces of the corn seeds are dried;
s3, soil preparation: carrying out rotary tillage by using a rotary cultivator, controlling the rotary tillage depth to be 25cm, and then applying 1000kg of high-quality organic fertilizer per mu of base;
s4, adjusting soil moisture: measuring the water content of the soil by using a soil moisture tester, and supplementing water to the soil watering yellow water when the water content of the soil is lower than 20%;
s5, sowing: before sowing, quickly scalding the seeds of the cowpea seeds and the savoury mint seeds in hot water at 90 ℃, immediately adding water at 30 ℃ for cooling for 5 hours, taking out and airing, and sowing, wherein the field is divided into a plurality of rows, the spacing between each row is 65cm, odd rows begin to dig a corn planting hole from the head of each ridge, then dig a cowpea planting hole and a savoury mint planting hole from the second position, then dig a corn planting hole from the third position, dig a cowpea planting hole and a savoury mint planting hole from the fourth position, and so on to dig the tail of each ridge, even rows begin to dig a cowpea planting hole and a savoury mint planting hole from the head of each ridge, then dig a corn planting hole from the second position, then dig a cowpea planting hole and a savoury mint planting hole from the third position, dig a corn planting hole from the fourth position to dig the tail of each row, and so on, the spacing between the corn planting hole and the cowpea planting hole in each row is 40cm, the distance between the kidney bean planting hole and the Xia Xiang mint planting hole is 20cm, the distance between the Xia Xiang mint planting hole and the corn planting hole is 40cm, the hole depth of the corn planting hole is 20cm, the hole depth of the kidney bean planting hole is 5cm, the hole depth of the Xia Xiang mint hole is 10cm, and after the digging of the holes is completed, corn seeds, kidney bean seeds and Xia Xiang mint planting holes are respectively planted in the corn planting hole, the kidney bean planting hole and the Xia Xiang mint planting hole;
s6, fertilizing after sowing: applying compound fertilizer to the corn seeds after sowing, and applying organic humic fertilizer to the cowpea seeds and the summer savory mint seeds;
s7, post management:
s7.1, corn later-period management:
s7.1.1, seedling lifting: when the length of the corn is 18cm, pulling out smaller corn, and only keeping the most robust corn;
s7.1.2, weeding: weeding is carried out on the periphery of the corn stalks in time, and redundant branches at the tops of the corn stalks are removed in time;
s7.1.3, topdressing:
a. and (3) seedling fertilizer: when 7 leaves grow on the corn, nitrogen fertilizer is mainly used;
b. fertilizing the first stalk: the fertilizer is mainly applied when the corn is subjected to jointing;
c. ear fertilization: the quick-acting nitrogen and phosphorus are mainly applied before the male extraction of the corn;
d. seed fertilizer: after flowering and pollination, the fertilizer is mainly applied by nitrogen fertilizer;
s7.2, performing late-stage management on the summer savory mint:
s7.2.1, first topdressing: before and after clearing, when the height of seedlings is 7cm, 4kg of urea is applied to roots per mu of water to promote the growth of the seedlings;
s7.2.2, first topdressing: in the middle ten days of 5 months, 10kg of compound fertilizer is used per mu, and furrowing and strip-planting are carried out 10cm away from seedlings;
s7.2.3, topdressing for the third time: before and after the miscanthus, a seedling-looking fertilization method is adopted, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are commonly applied in a matching way, and 30kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is applied per mu;
s7.3, performing post-management on the green beans:
s7.3.1, germination and fertilization: after the green beans germinate, the fertilizer cannot be applied immediately, careful observation is needed, organic fertilizer is applied after the sprouts are hard, and the fertilizer is applied by slightly applying the fertilizer beside the sprouts instead of directly spraying the fertilizer on the sprouts;
s7.3.2, flowering and fertilizing: organic fertilizer is taken as the main material;
s7.3.3, fertilizing after result: when the vigna unguiculata plants gradually grow into small vigna unguiculata, applying a compound fertilizer beside the vigna unguiculata plants, wherein each vigna unguiculata plant is controlled at 0.05 kg;
s8, harvesting: harvesting after the corn, the savory mint and the corn are completely mature.
Example 4:
planting the plants on 90 mu of land by the methods of the above examples 1-3, wherein each 30 mu is one group, and the methods of the three examples are tried in three groups, and the following data are obtained after one season of planting:
as can be seen from the above table, the planting method in example 2 is suitable, the nitrogen content is sufficient, the corn plants grow well, the content of the applied nitrogen fertilizer is reduced, and the cost is low.
Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (8)
1. A corn interlaced hole staggered full-edge row planting method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following specific steps:
s1, seed soaking: preparing warm water, then selecting full-grain corn seeds with single cluster and large-grain type improved seeds, putting the corn seeds into the warm water, stirring the corn seeds to ensure that the corn seeds are uniformly heated, and immediately fishing out the corn seeds after the corn seeds absorb water and expand;
s2, pregermination: washing the soaked corn seeds once with warm water at 50-55 ℃ and draining the water, then spreading a layer of plastic cloth on a heated brick bed, spreading a layer of straw with the thickness of 10cm on the plastic cloth, then spreading clean cloth pieces on the straw, putting the corn seeds on the cloth pieces, wherein the corn seeds have the thickness of 8-10cm, finally covering the clean cloth pieces washed with warm water on the corn seeds for heat preservation and germination acceleration, taking out uniform sprouts after 36-48h, then taking out the corn seeds, putting the corn seeds in a shade for drying, selecting the corn seeds without germination, and sowing after the surfaces of the corn seeds are dried;
s3, soil preparation: rotary tillage is carried out by using a rotary cultivator, the rotary tillage depth is controlled to be 20-25cm, and then 1000kg of high-quality organic fertilizer is applied to each mu of base;
s4, adjusting soil moisture: measuring the water content of the soil by using a soil moisture tester, and supplementing water to the soil watering yellow water when the water content of the soil is lower than 20%;
s5, sowing: dividing a field into a plurality of rows, excavating corn planting holes in odd rows from a first position from the head of the ridge, excavating kidney bean planting holes and savory mint planting holes in a second position, excavating corn planting holes in a third position, excavating kidney bean planting holes and savory mint planting holes in a fourth position, excavating the tail of the ridge by analogy, excavating kidney bean planting holes and savory mint planting holes in even rows from the first position from the head of the ridge, excavating corn planting holes in the second position, excavating kidney bean planting holes and savory mint planting holes in the third position, excavating corn planting holes in the fourth position, excavating the analogy to the tail of the ridge, and respectively planting corn seeds, kidney bean seeds and savory mint roots in the corn planting holes, the kidney bean planting holes and the savory mint planting holes after the excavation of the holes is finished;
s6, fertilizing after sowing: applying compound fertilizer to the corn seeds after sowing, and applying organic humic fertilizer to the cowpea seeds and the summer savory mint seeds;
s7, post management:
s7.1, performing later-stage management on the corns;
s7.2, performing late-stage management on the summer savory;
s7.3, performing post-management on the green beans;
s8, harvesting: harvesting after the corn, the savory mint and the corn are completely mature.
2. The interlaced hole full-side row corn planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S1, the temperature of the warm water is 25-28 ℃, the water surface is 20-25cm higher than the corn seeds during seed soaking, and the seed soaking time is 3-5 h.
3. The interlaced hole full-side row corn planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S2, the germination accelerating temperature is controlled at 25-30 ℃, the seeds are turned over up and down once every 1h and are watered thoroughly with warm water once every 12h, and the seeds are prevented from being burnt at overhigh temperature.
4. The interlaced hole full-side row corn planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S5, the distance between each row is 55-65cm, the distance between the corn planting hole and the kidney bean planting hole in each row is 30-40cm, the distance between the kidney bean planting hole and the savory mint planting hole is 15-20cm, the distance between the savory mint planting hole and the corn planting hole is 30-40cm, the hole depth of the corn planting hole is 10-20cm, the hole depth of the kidney bean planting hole is 3-5cm, and the hole depth of the savory mint hole is 6-10 cm.
5. The interlaced hole full-side row corn planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S5, the vigna unguiculata and the savory mint are quickly scalded with hot water of 80-90 ℃ before sowing, then immediately added into water of 25-30 ℃ to cool for 4-5h, fished out and aired for sowing.
6. The interlaced hole full-side row corn planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the specific post-management step in step S7.1 is:
s7.1.1, seedling lifting: when the length of the corn is 10-18cm, pulling out smaller corn and only keeping the most robust corn;
s7.1.2, weeding: weeding is carried out on the periphery of the corn stalks in time, and redundant branches at the tops of the corn stalks are removed in time;
s7.1.3, topdressing:
a. and (3) seedling fertilizer: when 5-7 leaves grow on the corn, nitrogen fertilizer is mainly used;
b. fertilizing the first stalk: the fertilizer is mainly applied when the corn is subjected to jointing;
c. ear fertilization: the quick-acting nitrogen and phosphorus are mainly applied before the male extraction of the corn;
d. seed fertilizer: after flowering and pollination, the fertilizer is mainly applied by nitrogen fertilizer.
7. The interlaced hole full-side row corn planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the specific post-management step in step S7.2 is:
s7.2.1, first topdressing: before and after clearing, when the height of seedlings is 7cm, 4kg of urea is applied to roots per mu of water to promote the growth of the seedlings;
s7.2.2, first topdressing: in the middle ten days of 5 months, 8-10kg of compound fertilizer is applied to each mu, and furrowing and strip-planting are carried out 10cm away from seedlings;
s7.2.3, topdressing for the third time: before and after the planting of the miscanthus sinensis, a seedling-viewing and fertilizing method is adopted, wherein nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are commonly applied in a matched mode, and 30kg of fertilizer is applied per mu.
8. The interlaced hole full-side row corn planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the specific post-management step in step S7.3 is:
s7.3.1, germination and fertilization: after the green beans germinate, the fertilizer cannot be applied immediately, careful observation is needed, organic fertilizer is applied after the sprouts are hard, and the fertilizer is applied by slightly applying the fertilizer beside the sprouts instead of directly spraying the fertilizer on the sprouts;
s7.3.2, flowering and fertilizing: organic fertilizer is taken as the main material;
s7.3.3, fertilizing after result: when the vigna unguiculata plants gradually grow into small vigna unguiculata, applying compound fertilizer beside the vigna unguiculata plants, wherein each vigna unguiculata plant is controlled at 0.05 kg.
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