CN111406591A - Annual water-saving and yield-increasing planting method for wheat-corn in yellow river delta region - Google Patents
Annual water-saving and yield-increasing planting method for wheat-corn in yellow river delta region Download PDFInfo
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wheat-corn annual water-saving yield-increasing planting method in yellow river delta regions, which comprises the following steps: (1) the sowing time of the wheat is 10 months, 15 days to 10 months and 25 days; (2) the harvesting time of the wheat is 6 months 10 days-6 months 15 days, the corn is sown after the wheat is harvested, the soil is deeply loosened when the corn is sown, and the deep loosening depth is 35cm-40 cm; (3) the harvesting time of the corn is 10 months and 15 days to 10 months and 20 days. The annual water-saving yield-increasing planting method for wheat and corn in the yellow river delta area fully excavates the potential of soil water storage and utilization of deep soil moisture and photo-thermal resources, greatly improves the drought resistance, yield stabilization and yield increasing capability of the corn and the wheat, can overcome the difficulty of no rainfall or no irrigation water during autumn planting, ensures proper moisture content and seeding of the wheat, and lays a foundation for wheat yield stabilization and yield increase.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a wheat-corn annual water-saving yield-increasing planting method in yellow river delta regions, and belongs to the technical field of grain production.
Background
Wheat and corn in the yellow river delta region are twice-ripe in one year, and due to the shortage of photo-thermal resources at a high latitude and unreasonable sowing and harvesting time, the yield of grains cannot be fully excavated. For example, the maximum yield of summer corns per mu in China reaches more than 1500 kilograms, the maximum yield per mu in yellow river delta areas also reaches more than 900 kilograms, and the average yield of corns in the areas lingers about 500 kilograms per mu for a long time.
Secondly, in the yellow river delta area, rain and heat are in the same season, precipitation is extremely uneven and mainly concentrated in 7 and 8 months, due to the existence of a soil plough base layer, the water storage capacity of the soil is limited, most of precipitation is evaporated or forms surface runoff to flow away, and proper soil moisture content cannot be guaranteed during wheat seeding. In addition, the underground water in the yellow river delta area has high mineralization degree and cannot be used, and the water consumption management of the yellow river water is strict, so that the agricultural irrigation water in the area is seriously lack. The seeding is the most important link in wheat production, the fact that the wheat needs to be high-yielding by 'seven-seed and three-pipe' is adopted, and the high-yielding and stable-yielding of the wheat is seriously influenced if the seeding link is not well done. For example, in the core area of the yellow river delta in late 8 months in 2019, the coast city of Shandong province suffers from 'Liqima' typhoon, the rainfall of nearly 300 mm on average in the whole city within three days causes severe rain-logging, and as the rain does not appear later, the soil moisture content is poor when wheat is sowed, partial land is abandoned and sowed, partial sowing is delayed, and weak seedlings are formed due to drought after partial wheat seedlings emerge, which brings great difficulty to local grain production. Therefore, how to fully excavate and utilize light, heat and water resources, promote the stable yield of grains and increase the yield has great significance for maintaining the grain production stability in the yellow river delta area and ensuring the national grain safety.
The above description is included in the technical recognition scope of the inventors, and does not necessarily constitute the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art, and provides a yearly water-saving yield-increasing planting method for wheat and corn in the yellow river delta region, which can fully utilize local photo-thermal resources, reasonably and comprehensively raise precipitation resources and realize stable yield increase of grains.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize the purpose:
a wheat-corn annual water-saving yield-increasing planting method in yellow river delta regions comprises the following steps:
(1) the sowing time of the wheat is 10 months, 15 days to 10 months and 25 days;
(2) the harvesting time of the wheat is 6 months 10 days-6 months 15 days, the corn is sown after the wheat is harvested, the soil is deeply loosened when the corn is sown, and the deep loosening depth is 35cm-40 cm;
(3) the harvesting time of the corn is 10 months and 15 days to 10 months and 20 days.
In a preferred embodiment, the seeding rate of wheat is 35-40 jin per mu.
In a preferred embodiment, the wheat seeds are of a medium-large ear type, multi-root, large grain wheat variety.
In a preferred embodiment, the variety of wheat seed is jimai 22, shannon 29, shannon 30, tai nong 18 or jimai No. 4.
In a preferred embodiment, when the corn is sown, the layered fertilization is adopted, and the fertilization depth is 3-30cm below the corn seeds.
In a preferred embodiment, the corn is sown with five layers of fertilizer, each layer is separated by 4-5cm, and the first layer is fertilized 3-4cm below the corn seeds.
In a preferred embodiment, the corn seed is selected from an early maturing variety.
In a preferred embodiment, the variety of corn seed is zheng 958, denghai 605, dem 20, vicaridae 702, pioyu 335, or denghai 618.
In a preferred embodiment, when the corn is sown, the soil is deeply loosened, medium-heavy pressing is adopted according to the soil moisture content, medium-heavy pressing is adopted when the soil moisture content is good, and heavy pressing is adopted when the soil moisture content is poor.
Benefits of the present application include, but are not limited to:
the annual water-saving yield-increasing planting method for wheat and corn in the yellow river delta area fully excavates the potential of soil water storage and utilization of deep soil moisture and photo-thermal resources, greatly improves the drought resistance, yield stabilization and yield increasing capability of the corn and the wheat, can overcome the difficulty of no rainfall or no irrigation water during autumn planting, ensures that the wheat is suitable for moisture and seeding, lays a foundation for stable yield increase of the wheat, can increase the yield of the corn by more than 60 kilograms per mu, can increase the yield of the wheat by more than 8.6 percent per mu, can save irrigation water by more than 60 square per mu every year, saves irrigation labor cost by 30 yuan per mu, and has huge economic benefit and ecological benefit.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail in the following. It should be noted, however, that the following detailed description merely gives specific operation examples of the present invention by way of example, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. The scope of the invention is limited only by the claims. It will be obvious to those skilled in the art that various other modifications and substitutions can be made to the described embodiments of the invention within the scope of the invention as defined by the claims and still achieve the same technical result and achieve the final technical object of the invention.
The application provides a yearly water-saving yield-increasing planting method for wheat-corn in yellow river delta regions, which comprises the following key steps:
(1) the sowing time of the wheat is 10 months, 15 days to 10 months and 25 days;
the perennial accumulated temperature of the yellow river delta area from 10 months and 20 days to the period of winter is more than 360 ℃, and the wheat can completely grow to three leaves and more before winter, thereby ensuring safe overwintering. Moreover, the wheat is sown late, the temperature after seedling is low, the soil moisture evaporation time after seedling is reduced, the moisture evaporation rate is also reduced, and the moisture loss after seedling is greatly reduced.
Furthermore, the sowing quantity is increased to 35-40 jin per mu when the wheat is sowed, the sowing quantity is increased properly to make up for the defect of insufficient development of the clusters before late sowing and winter, and large-spike, multi-root and large-grain (more than 38 g of thousand-grain weight) wheat varieties are adopted, such as Jimai 22, Shannong 29, Shannong 30, Tainong 18 and Bimai 4. The wheat root can grow by about 2 meters, if large-grain wheat seeds with large and medium ears and more roots are adopted and the sowing amount is increased, the increased seed roots can greatly improve the moisture rate of deep soil, the large-grain seeds have more nutrition, so that the wheat seedlings are stronger and more favorable for the growth before winter, the large sowing amount also makes up the defects of short growth and development time before winter, less breeding before winter and insufficient population, and a good foundation is laid for the high yield of the wheat.
(2) The harvesting time of the wheat is 6 months 10 days-6 months 15 days, the corn is sown after the wheat is harvested, the soil is deeply loosened when the corn is sown, and the deep loosening depth is 35cm-40 cm;
specifically, the sowing time of the corn is 6 middle-ten days.
Further, the variety of corn seed is selected from medium-early-maturing varieties such as Zhengdan 958, Denghai 605, Sandan 20, Vitaceae 702, Xianyu 335, Denghai 618, etc.
When the corn is sowed, the soil is deeply loosened, the deep loosening shovel is arranged in front, the sowing port is arranged behind, and the deep loosening depth is 35cm-40cm, so that the plough bottom layer can be effectively broken, the soil permeability and water storage capacity are increased, excessive rainfall in rainy seasons can be stored in deep soil, and the corn can be used in summer, autumn and winter; moreover, according to the test that the deep scarification can also increase the water storage capacity of soil during winter and spring irrigation when the corn is sowed, the water storage capacity is increased by more than three parts, and the irrigation effective period is prolonged by more than one time; moreover, the deep scarification can lead the moisture of the deep soil to the surface layer, so that the moisture content of the surface soil can ensure the germination and the emergence of seedlings, and the deep binding of the root system can be facilitated.
Furthermore, after the corn is deeply sown, moderate and severe suppression is adopted according to the soil moisture content, the moderate suppression is good in the soil moisture content, and the severe suppression is carried out when the soil moisture content is poor, so that the moisture evaporation caused by deep scarification is prevented. Specifically, the soil moisture content is heavily compacted with a relative water content of less than 73%. The weight of the press wheel unit length is divided into 3 grades of heavy press, medium press and light press, the weight of the press wheel unit length is less than or equal to 75kg/m, the light press is adopted, the weight of the press wheel unit length is between 75 and 125kg/m, the medium press is adopted, and the weight of the press wheel unit length is more than or equal to 125kg/cm, and the heavy press is adopted.
Furthermore, when the corn is sowed, the layered fertilization is adopted, and the fertilization depth is 5-30cm below the seeds.
Specifically, the fertilizer is applied 5-10cm below the seeds during corn sowing, the fertilizer is applied in five layers, and the first layer with the interval of 4-5cm is 5cm below the seeds. When in fertilization, a combined operation machine of deep scarification and layered deep fertilization is used, and a deep scarification layered fertilization shovel is fixed at the lower end of a front beam of the frame through a fixed seat and is opposite to the seeding single body for deep scarification and deep fertilization. The fertilizer is applied to the soil layer by layer according to different depths, and is uniformly distributed in the soil, so that adverse effects caused by over-concentrated application are avoided.
According to tests, compared with surface spreading, the nitrogen utilization rate of urea in a soil layer 5-10cm below the ground surface is respectively improved from 27% and 37% to 58% and 50%, and the nitrogen utilization rate of urea in deep spreading is relatively improved by 115% and 35% compared with that in surface spreading. After the large-area fertilizer deep application mechanized technology is applied for fertilization, the average utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer can be improved from 30 percent to more than 40 percent.
The deep application of fertilizers such as phosphorus, potassium and the like can also reduce the loss of wind erosion, reduce the loss and waste of the fertilizer, promote the crop absorption, prolong the fertilizer efficiency and improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer.
(2) The harvesting time of the corn is 10 months, 15 days to 10 months, 20 days;
according to the test, in the middle and later stage of corn filling, under the condition of proper temperature and light, the yield of each mu of corn can be increased by 8-16 kg every day, the harvest is prolonged by 15-20 days, and the yield of each mu of corn can be increased by more than 60 kg. Meanwhile, the corn grouting is greatly influenced by the temperature, the grouting can be stopped when the temperature is lower than 16 ℃, the temperature is reduced to about 16 ℃ from 10 months 15 days to 10 months 20 days every year in the yellow river delta area, and the corn is basically not grouted at the moment, so that the yield is not increased any more. Therefore, the corn is harvested by prolonging the time to 10 months 15 days to 10 months 20 days, the photo-thermal resource is utilized to the maximum extent, the grouting time of the corn is fully utilized, and the yield of the corn is ensured.
The following table 1 shows the results of the corn harvest time and yield relationship in the Binzhou corn test field in the central region of yellow river Delta between 2015 and 2019.
TABLE 1 corn late harvest vs. yield relationship
According to the test, under the condition that most of early-maturing corn varieties with the growth period within 105 days and a small part of late-maturing corn varieties with the growth period within 110 days in yellow river delta are sowed in the proper period in the middle ten days of 6 months, the water content of the corn seeds can be reduced to below 25% by about 10 months, 15 days to 10 months and 20 days, the seeds can be directly harvested, the problem that a field for airing corn cobs is lacked in production is solved, and the labor cost for airing the corn cobs is greatly saved.
In conclusion, the corn late harvest not only can fully utilize the photo-thermal resource to increase the corn yield, but also can greatly reduce the soil moisture evaporation before the wheat is sown by covering the corn plants, and the condition for the corn late harvest is created by determining the sowing time of the wheat within 10 months and 15-10 months and 20 days.
In a word, the deep loosening and the deep fertilization enable the root system to be deeply pricked and developed, and a solid foundation is laid for fully absorbing the deep water of the soil. Meanwhile, the developed root system can enhance the capability of crops in absorbing nutrients, moisture and resisting drought, and is beneficial to the growth of plants, thereby improving the yield of crops.
In order to verify the water-saving and yield-increasing effect of the planting method, the inventor of the application performs a corn-wheat crop rotation planting test in a test field of the hamety of the core area of the yellow river delta in 2017, and the result is shown in the following table 2.
Wherein, the test field and the comparison field adopt the same field weeding, spraying and other management methods. Zhengdan 958 is adopted for corn varieties, Jimai 22 is adopted for wheat varieties, and 38 cm deep soil is loosened during corn sowing. The seeding row spacing of the corn in the test field and the control field is 60 cm, and the corn is compacted after seeding.
TABLE 2 planting method and yield comparison of test and control fields
As the coastal cities have continuous winter and spring drought from the winter of 2017 to the middle ten days of 2018 and cannot be watered, nearly 40 mu of wheat in the coastal cities has dead yield, and the wheat in counties such as no kerchier and staining in the north is greatly reduced in yield.
The seeding time of summer corn is exactly 6 months of drought and rainless, and 146 ten thousand mu of corn cannot be sown in 2019 due to drought.
The above-described embodiments should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, and any alternative modifications or alterations to the embodiments of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
The present invention is not described in detail, but is known to those skilled in the art.
The above-described embodiments should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, and any alternative modifications or alterations to the embodiments of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
The present invention is not described in detail, but is known to those skilled in the art.
Claims (9)
1. A wheat-corn annual water-saving yield-increasing planting method in yellow river delta regions is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) the sowing time of the wheat is 10 months, 15 days to 10 months and 25 days;
(2) the harvesting time of the wheat is 6 months 10 days-6 months 15 days, the corn is sown after the wheat is harvested, the soil is deeply loosened when the corn is sown, and the deep loosening depth is 35cm-40 cm;
(3) the harvesting time of the corn is 10 months and 15 days to 10 months and 20 days.
2. The annual water-saving and yield-increasing planting method for wheat and corn in the yellow river delta area according to claim 1, wherein the seeding amount of wheat is 35-40 jin per mu.
3. The annual water-saving and yield-increasing planting method for wheat and corn in the yellow river delta area according to claim 1, characterized in that wheat seeds adopt wheat varieties with medium and large spike types, multiple roots and large grains.
4. The annual water-saving and yield-increasing planting method for wheat and corn in the yellow river delta area according to claim 3, wherein the variety of the wheat seed is Jimai 22, Shannon 29, Shannon 30, Tainong 18 or Bimai No. 4.
5. The annual water-saving and yield-increasing planting method for wheat and corn in the yellow river delta region according to claim 1, characterized in that layered fertilization is adopted when corn is sowed, and the fertilization depth is 3-30cm below corn seeds.
6. The annual water-saving and yield-increasing planting method for wheat and corn in the yellow river delta area according to claim 5, characterized in that five layers of fertilizers are applied when corn is sowed, the interval between each layer is 4-5cm, and the first layer of fertilizer is applied 3-4cm below corn seeds.
7. The annual water-saving and yield-increasing planting method for wheat and corn in the yellow river delta region according to claim 1, characterized in that early-maturing varieties are selected from corn varieties.
8. The annual water-saving and yield-increasing planting method for wheat and corn in the yellow river delta area as claimed in claim 7, wherein the variety of the corn seed is Zhengdan 958, Denghai 605, Drifa 20, Vitaceae 702, Xian Yu 335 or Denghai 618.
9. The annual water-saving yield-increasing planting method for wheat and corn in the yellow river delta area as claimed in claim 1, wherein after deep scarification and sowing of corn, moderate and severe pressing is adopted according to soil moisture, and moderate and severe pressing is adopted according to poor soil moisture.
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Cited By (1)
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112616588A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-04-09 | 山东省烟台市农业科学研究院 | Annual water-saving yield-increasing planting method for wheat and corn in hilly dry land |
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