CN110036842A - A kind of Saline-alkaline Soils of Yellow River Delta winter wheat water-saving and yield-increasing type of seeding - Google Patents
A kind of Saline-alkaline Soils of Yellow River Delta winter wheat water-saving and yield-increasing type of seeding Download PDFInfo
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- CN110036842A CN110036842A CN201910471779.8A CN201910471779A CN110036842A CN 110036842 A CN110036842 A CN 110036842A CN 201910471779 A CN201910471779 A CN 201910471779A CN 110036842 A CN110036842 A CN 110036842A
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- seeding
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
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- Soil Working Implements (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to crop planting technical field more particularly to a kind of Saline-alkaline Soils of Yellow River Delta winter wheat water-saving and yield-increasing types of seeding.The type of seeding includes that preceding stubble stalk is handled, a rotary tillage 1 time, subsoiling, watering, secondary rotary tillage 2-3 times, broadcasts preceding suppression, full width sowing, after broadcasting the step of suppression in due course.The type of seeding is operated using technical step all linked with one another, is complementary to one another, is mutually promoted, design science, substantially eliminates the defects of existing winter wheat plantation in Delta Region of The Yellow River and drawback, the volume increase of this area winter wheat is realized on the basis of water-saving.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to crop planting technical field more particularly to a kind of water-saving increasings of Saline-alkaline Soils of Yellow River Delta winter wheat
Produce type of seeding.
Background technique
Winter wheat is one of Delta Region of The Yellow River Main Cultivation crop.The underground water in Huanghe delta overwhelming majority area
Due to salinity height, wheatland irrigation not can be carried out, the irrigation water of this area is mainly by Huanghe water.But Huanghe water is available can not
It leans on, often shortage water when winter, spring needing to irrigate；More especially farther out or to draw yellow irrigation canals and ditches obstructed apart from the Yellow River
Area, often cause wheatland damage caused by a drought occur or return because Huanghe water does not reach, can not pour overwintering water in time or turn green water
Alkali causes Severe Reduction or total crop failure etc. to adversely affect wheat.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of Saline-alkaline Soils of Yellow River Delta winter wheat water-saving and yield-increasing type of seeding, which is used
Technical step operation all linked with one another, is complementary to one another, mutually promotes, and it is existing to substantially eliminate Delta Region of The Yellow River for design science
There are the defects of winter wheat plantation and drawback, the volume increase of this area winter wheat is realized on the basis of water-saving, solves existing skill
The problem of art.
Used technical solution is the present invention to solve above-mentioned technical problem:
A kind of Saline-alkaline Soils of Yellow River Delta winter wheat water-saving and yield-increasing type of seeding, including following operating procedure:
(1) stubble stalk is handled before；
(2) one times rotary tillage 1 time, come into full contact with stalk with soil；
(3) subsoiling, watering break plough sole, while avoiding routing up the raw-soil；Watering irrigates；
(4) secondary rotary tillage 2-3 times, lump of earth after broken subsoiling are simultaneously sufficiently mixed stalk with soil；
(5) preceding suppression is broadcast；
(6) full width is sowed, and selects large-spike cultivar, by 20 kilograms -27.5 kgs/acre of application rate, carries out full width sowing；
(7) suppression in due course after broadcasting.
The processing of stubble stalk is not more than 5cm with the crushing length of stalk before step (1), spread fertilizer over the fields urea amount be 1.5-2 kilograms/
Mu；Step (3) subsoiling 40-45cm, irrigation amount is the side 98-130/mu after subsoiling；Oneself of dynamic power machine is depended in suppression before step (5) is broadcast
Weight and gross weight do not surpass the land presser suppression of 500 kilograms, more wheel load-bearing；Step (6) every fringe of full width sowing large-spike cultivar is average
38 or more grain number, 40 grams of mass of 1000 kernel or more；Late October full width sowing time-early November；Step (7) is 2-3 days after broadcasting, soil
It is suppressed when 70% or less earth surface layer 3cm relative water content.
The full width sowing of step (6) is seedling band 1.5-2m, seedling band and seedling band spacing 0.25-0.3m；The sowing of step (6) full width
For seedling band 1.8m.
Step (2) rotary tillage 1 time are to prevent stalk when subsequent watering from drifting about, and increase to allow stalk to come into full contact with soil
Soil storage.Step (3) on the basis of the above, continues subsoiling, greatly improves soil water storage ability, waters compared to uncultivated land
Irrigate the water storage side 47-70 per acre, the soil of rotary tillage subsoiling again irrigate nearly 2 times of reservoir storage increase.Step (4) secondary rotary tillage
2-3 times, then be to promote seeding quality to be crushed clod, stalk and soil is allowed to be sufficiently mixed.Step (5) avoids soil excessively
Soft and lead to seed level and form weak seedling, the land presser gross weight that suppression uses before broadcasting does not surpass 500 kilograms, it is preferred to use wheeled suppression
Device can moderately be compacted the soil after rotary tillage in turn avoid compacting excessive influence sowing.The sowing of step (6) full width makes full use of
Land area, not only increases Basic Seedling, but also provides sufficient space to ontogeny, and can realization blade as early as possible to earth's surface
Covering, reduce evaporation, the accumulation of salt in the surface soil of moisture, reduce weeds in field.We test discovery using full width sowing date of seeding it is too early if
Since single plant tiller is excessive, the excessive easy later period lodging of group.
Preferably, irrigation amount is the side 95-135/mu after step (2) subsoiling.
Preferably, suppression is suppressed using hydraulic booster from walking to turn to forward type land presser before step (5) is broadcast.
Application of the type of seeding in the sowing of Saline-alkaline Soils of Yellow River Delta winter wheat water-saving and yield-increasing.
The winter wheat is the big grain large-spike cultivar of semi-winterness.
The big grain large-spike cultivar of semi-winterness is to face wheat No. 4, Jimai 22, Lu Yuan 502, Shandong wheat 23 or face wheat 2
Number.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
It premised on each step of the type of seeding is mutual, is complementary to one another, mutually promotes, is all linked with one another, each step solves
Problem in this area existing wheat planting, method design science；By the operating process of the type of seeding, in rotary tillage twice
Between subsoiling and water, the reservoir storage of soil greatly improves, and has effectively delayed the date of seeding of wheat, and wheat root after subsoiling
Lower bundle depth increases, and can absorb the water storage for being stored in soil depths；Evening decreases the moisture evaporation time after seedling after broadcasting, and
It broadcasts rear soil and is in low temperature environment, reduce soil moisture transpiration rate, greatly reduce and broadcast rear soil moisture transpiration amount, substantially
Rear soil fluid loss is broadcast in reduction, is extended the suitable moisture in the soil growth time of wheat seeding, is avoided this area well and do not pour water easily in spring
The problem of.Stalk processing, rotary tillage, suppression before broadcasting improve soil and preferably broadcast degree, are conducive to improve emergence rate, full stand, robust seedling.
Full width sowing can covering of the realizations blade to earth's surface as early as possible, reduce evaporation, the accumulation of salt in the surface soil of moisture, reduction weeds in field is crucial,
Evening caused by full width is sowed and uses the big grain large-spike cultivar of semi-winterness that aforementioned reservoir storage can also be overcome to improve, which is broadcast, will affect yield
The problem of, growth and development time is short before compensating for the winter, evil insufficient disadvantage on the low side before the winter, excellent basis has been laid for high yield,
Delta Region of The Yellow River slight alkaline land winter wheat is set still to be able to the production obtained in the case where not pouring overwintering water, turning green water
Amount.In addition, full width sowing broadcasts 30-40 jin, a traditional unit of weight while broadcasting in due course evening, compared to the not late application rate for broadcasting 20 jin, a traditional unit of weight and evening
Application rate increases application rate and remains to give winter wheat ontogeny sufficient space to 40-55 jin, a traditional unit of weight, is existing type of seeding and broadcasts
Kind condition can not match in excellence or beauty.Using the type of seeding Saline-alkaline Soils of Yellow River Delta winter wheat plantation in not only avoid well
There is damage caused by a drought or accumulation of salt in the surface soil problem in wheatland caused by winter, spring can not pour overwintering water or water of turning green in time, entire sowing stream
Journey water resource is fully used, and while water-saving, yield also achieves promotion.
Specific embodiment
In order to clarify the technical characteristics of the invention, being explained in detail below by specific embodiment the present invention
It states.
Embodiment 1
2016-2017 year, in Wudi County Bohai Sea silo proving ground.After harvest corn, stalk is crushed to 5 lis of length
Rice hereinafter, and spread fertilizer over the fields 1.5-2 kgs/acre of urea -- select for watering 65 sides/mu -- rotary tillage 2 times -- and to face No. 4 25 cities pound/acre of wheat, 10
The moon 8 used line-spacing 15cm, and seedling does not pour overwintering water, water of turning green with the seeding method later period of 3-5cm.4 mu of wheat average yield per mus 263
Kilogram.
Embodiment 2
2016-2017 year, in Wudi County Bohai Sea silo proving ground.After harvest corn, using sowing side of the invention
Method, stalk is crushed to 5 centimetres of length hereinafter, and spread fertilizer over the fields 1.5-2 kgs/acre of urea -- 1 time-subsoiling of rotary tillage, watering 105 sides/
Mu -- rotary tillage 2 times-broadcast preceding suppression -- selection faces No. 4 45 cities pound/acre of wheat, November 1 was sowed-is broadcast using full width and suppressed in due course afterwards
Mode, later period do not pour overwintering water, water of turning green.
4 mu 456 kilograms of wheat average yield per mu, 263 kilograms of control than embodiment 1 are increased production 193 kilograms, amplification 42%.
Embodiment 3
2017-2018 year, in the shore industrial park Cheng Zhongyu.After harvest corn, stalk is crushed to 5 centimetres of length hereinafter,
And spread fertilizer over the fields 1.5-2 kgs/acre of urea -- watering -- rotary tillage 2 times -- selection No. 22 25 cities pound/acre of Jimai of 53 sides, use on October 7
Line-spacing 15cm, seedling do not pour overwintering water, water of turning green with the seeding method later period of 3-5cm, and 1.8 mu 338 kilograms of wheat average yield per mu.
Embodiment 4
2017-2018 year, in the shore industrial park Cheng Zhongyu.After harvest corn, stalk is crushed to 5 centimetres of length hereinafter,
And spread fertilizer over the fields 1.5-2 kgs/acre of urea -- 1 time-subsoiling of rotary tillage -- 120 sides of watering/mu -- rotary tillage 3 times-broadcasting preceding suppression -- selections Ji
22,40 city pound/acre of wheat, October 26, the later period did not poured overwintering water, water of turning green in such a way that full width is sowed-broadcast and suppresses afterwards in due course.
1.8 mu 562 kilograms of wheat average yield per mu, 338 kilograms of control than embodiment 3 are increased production 224 kilograms, amplification
39.8%.
Above-mentioned specific embodiment cannot function as limiting the scope of the invention, for the technology people of the art
For member, any alternate modification or transformation made to embodiment of the present invention are fallen within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Place is not described in detail by the present invention, is the well-known technique of those skilled in the art of the present technique.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of Saline-alkaline Soils of Yellow River Delta winter wheat water-saving and yield-increasing type of seeding, which is characterized in that including following operating procedure:
(1) stubble stalk is handled before；
(2) one times rotary tillage 1 time, come into full contact with stalk with soil；
(3) subsoiling, watering break plough sole, while avoiding routing up the raw-soil；Watering irrigates；
(4) secondary rotary tillage 2-3 times, lump of earth after broken subsoiling are simultaneously sufficiently mixed stalk with soil；
(5) preceding suppression is broadcast；
(6) full width is sowed, and selects large-spike cultivar, by 20 kilograms -27.5 kgs/acre of application rate, carries out full width sowing；
(7) suppression in due course after broadcasting.
2. type of seeding according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the stubble stalk processing crushing of stalk before step (1)
Length is not more than 5cm, and spreading fertilizer over the fields urea amount is 1.5-2 kgs/acre；Step (3) subsoiling 40-45cm, irrigation amount is 95- after subsoiling
135 sides/mu；Suppression is suppressed using land presser before step (5) is broadcast；The every fringe of step (6) full width sowing large-spike cultivar is averaged grain
38 or more number, 40 grams of mass of 1000 kernel or more；Late October full width sowing time-early November；Step (7) 2-3 days, soil after broadcasting
It is suppressed when 70% or less relative water content.
3. type of seeding according to claim 2, which is characterized in that after step (2) subsoiling irrigation amount be the side 98-130/
Mu.
4. type of seeding according to claim 2, which is characterized in that step (3) subsoiling 42cm.
5. type of seeding according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the sowing of step (6) full width is seedling band 1.5-2m, seedling band
With seedling band spacing 0.25-0.3m.
6. type of seeding according to claim 1-5 in the slight alkali of Huanghe delta salt winter wheat water-saving and yield-increasing
Application in sowing.
7. application according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the winter wheat is the big grain large-spike cultivar of semi-winterness.
8. application according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the big grain large-spike cultivar of semi-winterness be Jimai 22,
Wheat No. 4 and Linmai No.2, are faced at Shandong wheat 23 in Shandong source 502.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111406591A (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2020-07-14 | 宋元瑞 | Annual water-saving and yield-increasing planting method for wheat-corn in yellow river delta region |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111406591A (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2020-07-14 | 宋元瑞 | Annual water-saving and yield-increasing planting method for wheat-corn in yellow river delta region |
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