CN107124992A - A kind of method for Winter Wheat Planted of being ploughed in strand salination - Google Patents
A kind of method for Winter Wheat Planted of being ploughed in strand salination Download PDFInfo
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- CN107124992A CN107124992A CN201710377028.0A CN201710377028A CN107124992A CN 107124992 A CN107124992 A CN 107124992A CN 201710377028 A CN201710377028 A CN 201710377028A CN 107124992 A CN107124992 A CN 107124992A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
Abstract
The invention belongs to crop-planting field, the method of specifically related to a kind of Winter Wheat Planted of being ploughed in strand salination, methods described includes preparing link before sowing, sow link and field management link, prepare link before the sowing to irrigate including pre-sowing water, the sowing link is sowed including Miniature ridge bilateral, the field management link, which is irrigated and turned green including water of surviving the winter, pulls out water-saving irrigation, the Miniature ridge bilateral sowing is carried out when daily mean temperature is at 18 20 DEG C or so in the fall, ridge is set to carry on the back high 8 12cm, it is preferred that 10cm, the 17cm of ridge across back 13, it is preferred that 15cm, wide 8 12cm of furrow, it is preferred that 10cm, and application rate ensures 35 38 ten thousand plants of every mu of Basic Seedling.Above method is suitable for strand salinization soil winter wheat growing area, promotes wheat high and stable yields, and plantation wheat, which can be stablized, on mild or moderate salination arable land realizes 400 500 kilograms of per mu yield wheat seed.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to crop-planting field, and in particular to a kind of method for Winter Wheat Planted of being ploughed in strand salination.
Background technology
Northeast China coastal area, particularly areas around bohai sea exist it is a large amount of using and do not have the strand salination utilized
Arable land, by the exploitation and control that takes measures, by as important grain production bases.
These climate resourceses and soil characteristic are：The area belongs to typical monsoon climate, and has marine climate feature concurrently,
The four seasons, dry and wet are clearly demarcated, and spring, season in autumn two be windy, evaporation capacity is big, and summer is hotter, and winter is colder, and sunshine is enriched, and heat resources is basic
Abundance, level of ground water is shallow, and soil salinization degree is high, soil moisture and salinity vertical direction up and descending, salification and
Desalination processes have distinct seasonal feature, and influence is produced on crop growth.
Beach saline land Growth of Wheat feature is shown as：Do sth. in advance 5-8 days into Wintering Period on the phenological period, tiller evening
3-5 days, spring turned green late 3-9 days or so, and in 4-10 days evening of jointing, Grain Filling is short 5-7 days, on the whole early stage nutrient growth
Slowly, later stage reproductive growth is fast, and full growth, which is given birth to, to be extended.Individual plants root growth is weak, primary root is small, secondary root development late,
Quantity is few, dry weight is low, blade dark green leaf color shorter and narrow than general wheatland, slightly purplish red.Tiller evening, development are poor, and the percentage of earbearing tiller is low, with
The increase of salt alkali concn, the birth phase with position tiller than late 8-12 days of nonsaline-alkali soil earth wheat, percentage of earbearing tiller reduction 60-70%, with
Based on stem Cheng Sui；3-5 days more late than general wheatland of young spike development, the idiophase is short 6-7 days, when floret differentiation to four molecules is formed
Phase, on the occasion of accumulation of salt in the surface soil peak period, make idiophase decreased duration, cause the increase of floret degeneration quantity, grain number per spike is reduced；In grouting
Period, and easily influenceed by arid, saline and alkaline, blade is withered and yellow, improper precocity, causes grain plumpness poor, grain is reduced again.
Although littoral area's weather and edphic factor are to influence the principal element of wheat growth, because these regional mistakes
Remove rare wheat planting always and lack the mature technology method of wheat planting, unfavorable field planting control measures can not meet
Growth of Wheat feature, is the key factor for causing wheat yield low and unstable.
Therefore, this area is needed badly by testing and analyzing, for regional climate edaphic condition and Growth of Wheat feature,
Rule is done according to weather, soil salt balance and Growth of Wheat, formation is created and suitably both suppresses topsoil soils in production
Salinity makes wheat salinity sensitive periods salt of hiding keep away harmful farming Cultivate administration key measures again, promotes the volume increase of wheat stable yields.
The content of the invention
For above-mentioned technical problem, the present inventor is according to the climate resources in coastal saline-alkali area, edaphic condition and wheat growth
Development characteristicses, in wheat planting production, by targetedly implementing the agronomic measures such as tillage and cultivation there is provided one kind in shore
The method of extra large salination arable land Winter Wheat Planted.
The inventive method is premised on overall leveling of ploughing, irrigation and drainage system with functions are improved, including has suitably both suppressed in production cultivated
Layer soil salt makes wheat salinity sensitive periods salt of hiding keep away harmful farming Cultivate administration key measures again, is achieved in small
The promotion of wheat normal growth and development.This method can keep away evil and go after profit or gain, save seedling from damage, promote strong sprout, increase grain number, steady grain weight, fully excavate
Coastal saline soil area Wheat Production potentiality.
Thus, the invention provides a kind of method for Winter Wheat Planted of being ploughed in strand salination, methods described includes broadcasting
Prepare link, sowing link and field management link before planting, prepare link before the sowing and irrigated including pre-sowing water and wheat product
Kind of selection, the sowing link includes Miniature ridge bilateral and sowed, and the field management link, which includes surviving the winter, water irrigation and turns green and pull out
Water-saving irrigation, the Miniature ridge bilateral sowing makes in the fall in daily mean temperature in 16-22 DEG C, preferably 18-20 DEG C or so progress
Carry on the back high 8-12cm, preferably 10cm, ridge across back 13-17cm, preferably 15cm, furrow wide 8-12cm, preferably 10cm, and application rate and protect in ridge
Basic mu is demonstrate,proved up to every mu of ten thousand plants of 35-38.
In one embodiment, in 3-8 DEG C of daily mean temperature, preferably 5 DEG C, such as after the Beginning of Winter, before slight snow, utilize
Water of being survived the winter described in furrow irrigation progress is irrigated.The water of surviving the winter irrigates relative in advance relative to conventional arable land plantation, and irrigation volume is difficult
Excessive but uniform, basically reaching pressure salt and meeting wheat fertility needs water.Preferably, the irrigation quantity that water of surviving the winter is irrigated is every
Mu 25-35m3。
In one embodiment, when 4-6cm, preferably 5cm ground temperature stabilization is at 4-6 DEG C, preferably 5 DEG C, such as in wheat
After all turning green, jointing water of being turned green in time described in progress.Coastal saline soil wheat water of turning green can not be filled in advance, otherwise can be more
Plus the wheat delayed is turned green and jointing.But, spring sea wind is big, soil water evaporation strong, and the accumulation of salt in the surface soil is serious, so, preferably treat field
Between after wheat all turns green, pressure of pouring water in time salt, and irrigation quantity is unsuitable excessive, suitable irrigation quantity is 30-40m3/ mu, to protect
Card soil salt and temperature do not interfere with Growth of Wheat.
In one embodiment, prior to seeding the 8th, 9,10,11 or 12 days, preferably carried out the pre-sowing water at the 10th day
Irrigate, topsoil soils salt content during sowing is controlled in≤0.2%.Preferably, irrigation quantity is 50-60m3/ mu.
In one embodiment, mid-early maturity wheat breed of the selection with salt tolerance and cold resistance.Preferably, selection example
As it is small lay down 81 and small lay down 60 planted.
In one embodiment, it is smooth that arable land is carried out prior to seeding.The arable land is smooth to be conducive to Growing season uniformly to fill
Water simultaneously avoids the formation of saline-alkaline spot soil.In order to increase the soil organism, (20- is turned over after carrying out straw-returning, straw-returning
25cm).If without straw-returning, soil cultivation can be carried out using rotary tillage (15-18cm).Preferably, prior to seeding 2 days
The interior progress arable land is smooth for example to be ploughed and rakes.
In one embodiment, methods described is additionally included in after wheat flower when being transferred to generative growth phase and bloomed
The water that is in the milk is irrigated.Carry out at this moment it is enough pour water, such as 35-45m3The irrigation quantity of/mu, it is therefore an objective to press salt, thus promote wheat
Grain formation and weightening process, extend the pustulation period.
In one embodiment, methods described also includes weed control.
In one embodiment, methods described also includes insect pest preventing and controlling.
The technique effect of the present invention：For coastal saline-alkali salination arable land, ploughing for suitable wheat normal growth and development is created
Layer soil environment, structure forms suitable wheat population structure and yield component, makes full use of light warm water soil resource, promotes to plant
Plant wheat planting production stable yields volume increase.Wheat is planted in mild or moderate salt-affected soil, can stablize and realize per mu yield wheat seed 400-500
Kilogram, the per mu yield is essentially close to conventional arable land, and it is small to plant in salt-affected soil significantly greater than with existing method the winter
The per mu yield of wheat.In addition, planting wheat, per mu yield using the above method on the severe salination that can not plant wheat originally is ploughed
Seed is also up to 300 kilograms or so.
Embodiment
Below specific embodiments of the present invention are made with further clear and complete description.It is to be appreciated that herein
The embodiment of middle specific descriptions is only for the purposes of illustration, it is not intended that protection scope of the present invention is limited in any way
System.In the case of the spirit and objective without departing substantially from the present invention, the present invention can be modified.Protection scope of the present invention by
Appended claims are defined.
As described above, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of method for plantation wheat of being ploughed in strand salination, this method
Evil can be kept away to go after profit or gain, save seedling from damage, promote strong sprout, increase grain number, steady grain weight, coastal saline soil area Wheat Production potentiality are fully excavated.
The inventive method is premised on overall leveling of ploughing, irrigation and drainage system with functions are improved, including has suitably both suppressed in production cultivated
Layer soil salt makes wheat salinity sensitive periods salt of hiding keep away harmful farming Cultivate administration key measures again.The inventive method can
To be summarised as " three close ten methods ", the first pass is to do a good job of it farming seeding quality and close to save seedling from damage, and the second pass is to do a good job of it supplementary fertilizer of pouring water to close rush
Strong sprout, the 3rd pass is to do a good job of it monitor on field management to close steady grain number increase grain-weight.First closes including " four methods ", that is, selects suitable wheat product
Plant, select suitable tillage control measure, select suitable seeding method and suitable sowing date and application rate to determine.Second closes including " four methods ",
I.e. pre-sowing water is irrigated, water of surviving the winter is irrigated, is turned green and is pulled out water-saving irrigation and the irrigation of flowering and grouting water.3rd closes including " two methods ", i.e., miscellaneous
Grass is prevented and kill off and insect pest preventing and controlling.The inventive method is described in detail below as this classified order.
First closes, does a good job of it farming seeding quality and close and save seedling from damage
1st, suitable wheat breed (selection salt tolerant, cold-resistant, Early-medium maturing variety) is selected
Coastal saline-alkali area winter-spring season temperature is relatively low, the low temperature continuous time is longer, and soil has saline and alkaline in itself.Therefore, small
, should also be with cold resistance and mid-early maturity in addition to focusing on its salt-tolerant trait in the selection of wheat variety.In other words, selection tool
There is the mid-early maturity wheat breed of salt tolerance and cold resistance.The wheat breed that can be selected has, for example, it is small lay down 81 and it is small lay down 60, but
Not limited to this.
2nd, suitable tillage control measure (plough, rake after straw chopping and returning) is selected
Need to carry out arable land micro- smooth before sowing, this is conducive to Growing season to pour water and avoids the formation of saline-alkaline spot soil.In order to increase
Plus the soil organism, it is possible to use straw counters-field set is crushed (fragment is less than 5cm) direct returning to farmland to preceding crop stalk, together
When applying organic manure be used as base fertilizer.In order that stalk turns over embedment topsoil and is sufficiently mixed uniformly with soil, Soil tillage management should
Prioritizing selection is turned over (20-25cm), is then raked.If without straw-returning, it would however also be possible to employ rotary tillage (15-18cm),
Rake.Plough, rake preferably prior to seeding in 2 days day carry out.
3rd, suitable seeding method (sowing of Miniature ridge both sides) is selected
Micro- ridge is formed, high 8-12cm, preferably 10cm are carried on the back in the ridge on micro- ridge, and ridge across back 13-17cm, preferably 15cm, furrow is wide
8-12cm, preferably 10cm.Can be by seed sowing in ridge body bilateral.It can use and form micro- ridge and kind, the wheat of fertilizer integration
Seeder, realizes sowing, seed manure, Jian Long, and one-stop operation is completed.Draw salt, polysalt, ridge back of the body planted on two sides wheat, ridge in ridge back of the body top
Applied fertilizer water for ditch bottom, is conducive to creating good soil aeration and ground temperature conditionss for wheat seeds sprouting and growth of seedling,
Mitigate salinity to endanger the stress of Growth of Wheat.Seed manure should apply N-P-K composite fertilizers and enough administrations.
4th, the suitable sowing date amount of broadcasting determines (the enough sowings of sowing date for early sowing)
Sowing date for early sowing, increases application rate in right amount.Salt affected soil ground temperature is more relatively low than nonsaline-alkali soil earth, causes to emerge, tiller is prolonged
Late.First, in order to early emerge, promote early winter tillers strong sprout, root amount before the increase winter strengthens salt resistance ability, safe overwintering should morning optimum period
Broadcast, preferably sowed in the fall when daily mean temperature is at 16-22 DEG C, preferably 18-20 DEG C or so.For example, for Circum-Bohai Sea
Area, salinization soil arable land is preferred for 5 days or so with October, and sowing on October 10 should not be later than the latest and is advisable.Secondly because salt
Alkaline earth earth wheat tillering is few, maturing rate is low, based on stem maturation, supplemented by tiller maturation, so should suitably increase application rate, with
Ensure that Basic Seedling reaches that every mu of ten thousand plants of 35-38 is advisable.
Second closes, does a good job of it supplementary fertilizer pass rush strong sprout of pouring water
5th, pre-sowing water
It is enough before sowing to fill：Before winter wheat sowing, on the occasion of autumn non-irrigated accumulation of salt in the surface soil peak.Pre-sowing water is filled with enough before ploughing sowing, both may be used
The desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, pressure alkali effect are played, can be emerged again for wheat germination and build suitable Soil Moisture, is to ensure that wheat once goes out entirely
One of seedling, Qi Miao condition, and maintain wheat growth water demand before the winter.Should some day in 8-12 days prior to seeding, it is excellent
Select the 10th day, carry out flood and drench salt, topsoil soils salt content during sowing is controlled 0.2% or so, to ensure that wheat goes out full stand
Qi Miao.Preferably, mu is poured water as 50-60m3。
6th, survive the winter water
Filled ahead of time before surviving the winter：Salt affected soil plantation wheat water of surviving the winter is irrigated and should suitably shifted to an earlier date, and unsuitable excessive, the base of irrigation quantity
Originally reaching pressure salt and meeting wheat fertility needs water requirement.Suitable irrigation quantity is 25-35m3/ mu.In daily mean temperature 3-8
DEG C, preferably 5 DEG C or so when, such as after the Beginning of Winter, before slight snow, using furrow irrigation mode (furrow that formation has been built during sowing), one
Aspect makes a large amount of bulk waters after pouring water have under the time to ooze, on the other hand excessive to improve soil aeration situation and improve soil temperature
Moisture pass through furrow leaching infiltration.Soil moisture migrates to ridge back of the body top by furrow bottom, and soil salt steams with soil moisture
Hair accumulates in ridge back of the body top, is that growth of seedling creates good soil environment, to prevent winter low temperature and salt damage collective effect
Generation of being survived the winter to wheat endangers dead seedling, it is ensured that wheat safe overwintering.
7th, turn green jointing water
Filled in time after turning green：Coastal saline soil wheat water of turning green can not be filled in advance, the wheat that otherwise can more delay
Turn green and jointing.But, spring sea wind is big, soil water evaporation strong, and the accumulation of salt in the surface soil is serious, so, preferably treat that wheat is all turned green
Afterwards, typically it is advisable when 4-5cm, preferably 5cm ground temperature stabilization is at 4-6 DEG C, preferably 5 DEG C or so, pressure of pouring water in time salt, and irrigation quantity
It is unsuitable excessive, to ensure that soil salt and temperature do not influence Growth of Wheat.Suitable irrigation quantity is 30-40m3/ mu.With reference to
Jointing stage of turning green pours water, Nitrogen Top Dressing, promotes wheat to be gone forward side by side period into nutrient growth and reproductive growth quickly, inspire strong sprout,
Ensure grain number per spike.
8th, flowering and grouting water
Post flowering is filled in good time：Post flowering wheat is transferred to generative growth phase, preferably in good time enough pressure salt of pouring water, and promotes wheat seed
Particle shape into weightening process, extend the pustulation period, extension blade hold green functional period, anti-early ageing, it is ensured that mass of 1000 kernel.Suitable irrigation quantity
For 35-45m3/ mu.Note putting field drainage system before pouring water in order, the anti-waterlogging of timely draining after filling.
3rd closes, does a good job of it the steady grain number increase grain-weight in monitor on field management pass
9th, weed control
From turning green maturation, emphasis is growth early stage, particularly in wheat period of seedling establishment, be to salt tolerant, drought-enduring, cold-resistant salt
Alkali significant plant such as salt wormwood artemisia, alkali is fluffy etc. that weeds carry out prevents and kill off, specific aim herbicide can be sprayed in right amount and is prevented and kill off as early as possible.
10th, insect pest preventing and controlling
Emphasis is Later growth, Post flowering of earing, as temperature is raised, and notices that a situation arises for monitoring field pest and disease damage, such as
Wheat powdery mildew, rust, aphid etc., are prevented and treated if there is generation to spray related agricultural chemicals in time.In addition, blooming --- the pustulation period
It can also suitably spray sodium dihydrogen phosphate or potassium dihydrogen phosphate, anti-early ageing, increase grain-weight.
Above method is suitable for strand salinization soil winter wheat growing area, promotes wheat high and stable yields.In mild or moderate salt
Stainization arable land adopt the above method plantation wheat can stablize realize 400-500 kilograms of per mu yield wheat seed, the per mu yield substantially close to
In conventional arable land, and significantly greater than with the per mu yield of existing method Winter Wheat Planted in salt-affected soil.In addition, original
It can not plant and wheat is planted using the above method on the severe salination arable land of wheat, per mu yield seed is also up to 300 kilograms or so.
In this manual, whenever referring to " exemplary ", " preferred embodiment ", " embodiment " etc.
When mean for the embodiment describe specific feature, structure or feature be included in the present invention at least one embodiment party
In case.The appearance of these words different places in this manual is not necessarily all referring to same embodiment.In addition, when for appointing
When one embodiment/embodiment describes specific feature, structure or feature, it will be understood that those skilled in the art also can be
This feature, structure or feature are realized in other embodiments in all embodiments.
Embodiment of the present invention described in detail above.However, the aspect of the present invention is not limited to the embodiment above.
Without departing from the scope of the invention, various remodeling and replacement may apply in the embodiment above.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of method for Winter Wheat Planted of being ploughed in strand salination, methods described includes preparing link, sowing ring before sowing
Section and field management link, it is characterised in that：Preparing link before the sowing includes pre-sowing water irrigation and wheat breed selection, institute
State sowing link to sow including Miniature ridge bilateral, the field management link, which is irrigated and turned green including water of surviving the winter, pulls out water-saving irrigation,
Miniature ridge bilateral sowing is carried out when 16-22 DEG C, preferably 18-20 DEG C of daily mean temperature in the fall, make ridge carry on the back high 8-12cm,
It is preferred that 10cm, ridge across back 13-17cm, preferably 15cm, furrow wide 8-12cm, preferably 10cm, and application rate ensures Basic Seedling up to often
Ten thousand plants of 35-38 of mu.
2. the method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：In 3-8 DEG C of daily mean temperature, preferably 5 DEG C, such as in the Beginning of Winter
Afterwards, before slight snow, irrigated using water of being survived the winter described in furrow irrigation progress；Preferably, the irrigation quantity for surviving the winter water irrigation is 25-35m3/
Mu.
3. the method according to any one of claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：It is stable in 4- in 4-6cm, preferably 5cm ground temperature
At 6 DEG C, preferably 5 DEG C, such as after winter wheat all turns green, jointing water of being turned green in time described in progress；Preferably, it is described to turn green
The irrigation quantity of jointing water is 30-40m3/ mu.
4. the method described in claim any one of 1-3, it is characterised in that：Prior to seeding the 8th, 9,10,11 or 12 days, preferably exist
Carry out the pre-sowing water irrigation within 10th day, topsoil soils salt content during sowing is controlled in≤0.2%；Preferably, the bottom
The irrigation quantity that moisture in the soil water is irrigated is 50-60m3/ mu.
5. the method according to claim any one of 1-4, it is characterised in that：In wheat breed selection, selection tool
There is the mid-early maturity wheat breed of salt tolerance and cold resistance, for example small lay down 81 and small lays down 60.
6. the arable land that the method according to claim any one of 1-5, wherein methods described also include before sowing is smooth；It is preferred that
Ground, is turned over after carrying out straw-returning, straw-returning.
7. the method according to claim any one of 1-6, wherein methods described, which is additionally included in after wheat flower, is transferred to reproduction
The flowering and grouting water carried out during growth phase is irrigated；Preferably, the irrigation quantity that the flowering and grouting water is irrigated is 35-45m3/ mu.
8. the method according to claim any one of 1-7, wherein methods described also include weed control.
9. the method according to claim any one of 1-8, wherein methods described also include insect pest preventing and controlling.
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| CN201710377028.0A CN107124992B (en) | 2017-05-25 | 2017-05-25 | Method for planting winter wheat in coastal saline farmland |
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| CN201710377028.0A CN107124992B (en) | 2017-05-25 | 2017-05-25 | Method for planting winter wheat in coastal saline farmland |
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| CN107124992B CN107124992B (en) | 2020-05-19 |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107637422A (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2018-01-30 | 中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所 | A kind of production method of RS in Alkali Region plantation Fodder corn |
| CN109141371A (en) * | 2018-08-21 | 2019-01-04 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | The disaster-stricken recognition methods of winter wheat, device and equipment |
| CN110199831A (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2019-09-06 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | A kind of Precision Irrigation method based on yellow irrigated area Winter Wheat Water demand characteristic |
| CN110637691A (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2020-01-03 | 甘肃省农业技术推广总站 | Wheat micro-ridge wide-width furrow sowing and furrow irrigation water-saving high-yield cultivation method |
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| CN1433671A (en) * | 2003-02-27 | 2003-08-06 | 山东师范大学 | Wheat high yield cultivation technology in saline-alkali soil |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107637422A (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2018-01-30 | 中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所 | A kind of production method of RS in Alkali Region plantation Fodder corn |
| CN109141371A (en) * | 2018-08-21 | 2019-01-04 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | The disaster-stricken recognition methods of winter wheat, device and equipment |
| CN109141371B (en) * | 2018-08-21 | 2020-04-03 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Winter wheat disaster identification method, device and equipment |
| CN110199831A (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2019-09-06 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | A kind of Precision Irrigation method based on yellow irrigated area Winter Wheat Water demand characteristic |
| CN110637691A (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2020-01-03 | 甘肃省农业技术推广总站 | Wheat micro-ridge wide-width furrow sowing and furrow irrigation water-saving high-yield cultivation method |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN107124992B (en) | 2020-05-19 |
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