CN110028358B - Coastal saline-alkali soil salt-control alkali-reduction soil improvement method based on dominant compatibility of controlled release fertilizer, plant immunity inducer and organic fertilizer - Google Patents

Coastal saline-alkali soil salt-control alkali-reduction soil improvement method based on dominant compatibility of controlled release fertilizer, plant immunity inducer and organic fertilizer Download PDF

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CN110028358B
CN110028358B CN201910375334.XA CN201910375334A CN110028358B CN 110028358 B CN110028358 B CN 110028358B CN 201910375334 A CN201910375334 A CN 201910375334A CN 110028358 B CN110028358 B CN 110028358B
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fertilizer
soil
plant immunity
release fertilizer
alkali
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CN110028358A (en
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刘之广
贾春花
张民
张吉强
张强
马强
李永强
李泽丽
陈宝成
陈大印
杨贵婷
孙瑶
朱琳琳
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Shandong Agricultural University
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
    • C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
    • C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a coastal saline-alkali soil salt-control alkali-reduction soil-improvement mode based on dominant compatibility of a controlled-release fertilizer, a plant immunity inducer and an organic fertilizer, which comprises the following steps: combining the plant immunity inducer and the controlled-release fertilizer to prepare a plant immunity inducer type controlled-release fertilizer, and then performing staggered fertilization on the plant immunity inducer type controlled-release fertilizer and the organic fertilizer; the staggered fertilization specifically comprises the following steps: the plant immunity induced resistance type controlled release fertilizer is applied to the soil with the depth of 15-20cm, and the organic fertilizer is applied to the soil with the depth of 40-50 cm. According to the invention, the plant immunity induced resistance type controlled release fertilizer and the organic fertilizer are applied in a staggered manner to form source salinity control, prevent the salinity of crops in the seedling stage from being overlapped and damaged, maintain the cellular osmotic pressure balance of saline-alkali soil crops, accelerate the downward leaching of rainfall and irrigation on basic ions, improve the physical structure of soil, increase the organic matter content of the soil and further promote the sustainable development of agriculture.

Description

Coastal saline-alkali soil salt-control alkali-reduction soil improvement method based on dominant compatibility of controlled release fertilizer, plant immunity inducer and organic fertilizer
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizer production, in particular to a coastal saline-alkali soil salt-controlling, alkali-reducing and soil-improving method based on the dominant compatibility of a controlled release fertilizer, a plant immunity inducer and an organic fertilizer.
Background
The salinization of soil is a worldwide problem of soil degradation, which not only causes resource destruction, but also brings harm to the environment and economic development. The second national general survey of soil shows that the area of saline-alkali soil in China is as high as 1 hundred million hectares, and the saline-alkali soil resource and the salt-tolerant plant resource become increasingly important along with the urgent needs of population growth, economic development and ecological environment improvement at present. Therefore, the crop planting in saline-alkali soil is a good way for preventing the saline-alkali soil from continuously deteriorating and facilitating ecological restoration, but the saline-alkali soil can reduce the soil osmotic potential to unbalance ions, so that the growth of plants is inhibited, the yield and the quality of crops are reduced, even the plants are dead, and the soil salinization becomes one of important factors influencing the growth and the yield of the crops.
The existing saline-alkali soil improvement method mainly comprises the following steps: chemical improvement, physical improvement, organic fertilizer improvement, biological improvement and the like, and the corresponding soil improvement agents comprise minerals, organic matters, artificially synthesized high molecular compounds, beneficial microbial agents, sulfur-bentonite and the like. However, the soil conditioners are common liquid fertilizers, farmyard manure or organic matters, the nutrient content is low, certain nutrients can be supplemented for the soil, but the improvement of the physical and chemical properties of the soil is neglected, the nutrients are not easy to release, and the effects of treating both symptoms and root causes are avoided; the beneficial microbial preparation has higher cost, and the microbes are difficult to survive and reproduce in the saline-alkali soil environment, so the improvement effect is general.
CN 107935649A discloses an organic fertilizer for improving saline-alkali soil, which takes charcoal, raw materials, auxiliary materials, humic acid and microorganisms as raw material components of the organic fertilizer, but does not achieve the effect of slow release of the fertilizer and can not meet the nutrient requirements of crops in different periods.
CN 104045492A discloses a special slow release fertilizer for improving saline-alkali soil, which is prepared from large-particle urea, slow release coated urea, organic granular fertilizer, monoammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate, but has no functional substance capable of improving the stress resistance of crops.
CN 108610190A discloses a self slow release seaweed fertilizer capable of repairing saline-alkali soil, which is formed by mixing and enveloping a slow release component of a cross-linked structure of polysaccharide and macromolecular substances of seaweed and an insoluble phase which is convenient for crops to absorb after enzymolysis, but alginic acid is not kept alive.
In conclusion, the existing mode for improving the saline-alkali soil has the problems that the applied fertilizer cannot meet the nutrient requirements of crops in different periods, the stress resistance of the crops is not improved, functional substances are not kept alive and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the prior art, the invention aims to provide a coastal saline-alkali soil salt-controlling, alkali-reducing and soil-improving mode based on the superior compatibility of a controlled release fertilizer, a plant immunity inducer and an organic fertilizer. By combining the plant immunity inducer with the controlled-release fertilizer and applying the controlled-release fertilizer in a staggered manner with the organic fertilizer, the original non-dominant combination mode is changed, the salt resistance of saline-alkali soil crops is improved, the utilization rate of the saline-alkali soil is improved, and the versatility of the fertilizer is greatly improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a plant immunity induced resistance type controlled release fertilizer, which is prepared by the following steps:
(1) adding a plant immune resistance inducer serving as a core material into a wall material solution, and adding a colloid with negative charges to obtain an emulsion; adjusting the pH value of the emulsion to 4.0-6.5 under vacuum condition, and separating out microcapsules; adjusting the pH value of the emulsion to 6.0-7.0, adding a curing agent A, curing the microcapsule, and performing post-treatment to obtain a microcapsule;
(2) heating and melting paraffin, adding an auxiliary agent, and uniformly mixing to prepare a surface modifier; mixing cellulose-based polyol and a curing agent B to prepare a coating liquid A, or heating and melting sulfur to prepare a coating liquid B;
(3) preheating fertilizer particles to 60-85 ℃, then uniformly mixing the microcapsules and the fertilizer particles, and spraying a surface modifier on the surfaces of the mixed microcapsules and fertilizer particles to prepare a primary fertilizer; and spraying the coating liquid A or the coating liquid B on the surface of the primary fertilizer to obtain the plant immunity induced resistance type controlled release fertilizer.
Preferably, in the step (1), the plant immunity inducer is selected from one or more of betaine, brassinolide, humic acid and DA-6.
Preferably, in the step (1), the wall material solution is prepared by mixing beta-cyclodextrin and a mixed solution of shellac-gelatin-water in a weight ratio of 1 (2.5-2.7), and in the mixed solution of shellac-gelatin-water, the weight ratio of shellac, gelatin and water is 0.6: 0.6: 12; or the wall material solution is an epsilon-polylysine-vitamin E succinate amide compound.
Preferably, in the step (1), the weight ratio of the added core material solution to the added wall material solution is 1: (2-5); the weight ratio of the wall material solution to the colloid with negative charge is 1: 1.5.
preferably, in the step (1), the curing agent A is one of diglycidyl phenyl ethyl ether, tyrosinase and laccase; the addition amount of the curing agent A is 1-2% of the weight of the wall material solution.
Preferably, in the step (2), the surface modifier contains 1.5-2.5% of an auxiliary agent;
more preferably, the auxiliary agent is selected from one or more of hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid, polyacrylic acid and amino trimethylene phosphonic acid.
Preferably, in the step (2), the weight ratio of the cellulose-based polyol to the curing agent B in the coating solution a is 1: 0.9-1.5;
the curing agent B is polyisocyanate; more preferably, the polyisocyanate is one or more of polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate or isophorone diisocyanate.
Preferably, in the step (3), the spraying amount of the coating liquid A is 1-8% of the weight of the fertilizer granules; the spraying amount of the coating liquid B is 10-20% of the weight of the fertilizer particles.
Preferably, in the step (3), the plant immunity inducing controlled release fertilizer comprises 2-3% of plant immunity inducing agent and 0.2-2% of surface modifier.
In a second aspect of the invention, the application of the plant immunity inducing controlled release fertilizer in saline-alkali soil improvement is provided.
The third aspect of the invention provides a coastal saline-alkali soil salt-control alkali-reduction soil improvement method based on superior compatibility of a controlled release fertilizer, a plant immunity inducer and an organic fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
the plant immunity induced resistance type controlled release fertilizer and the organic fertilizer are subjected to staggered fertilization; the staggered fertilization specifically comprises the following steps: the plant immunity induced resistance type controlled release fertilizer is applied to the soil with the depth of 15-20cm, and the organic fertilizer is applied to the soil with the depth of 40-50 cm.
Preferably, the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 3-6 times of that of the plant immunity inducing controlled release fertilizer.
Preferably, the organic fertilizer is an organic fertilizer containing biochar, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing fermented crop straws, fruit residues, leftovers and chicken manure, feeding the mixture into a roller granulator with a hot air blower, setting the rotation speed at 390 plus 400r/min and the temperature at 85-90 ℃, granulating for 45-50min, sieving to obtain a spherical fertilizer, and drying and cooling the organic fertilizer and the biochar according to the weight ratio of (3-7): 1, mixing uniformly to prepare the organic fertilizer containing the biochar.
More preferably, the weight ratio of the fermented crop straws, the fruit residues, the leftovers and the chicken manure is 8-15: 6-12: 15-20: 28-32.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention combines the advantages of the controlled release fertilizer and the plant immunity resistance inducer, can slow down the salinization speed of soil, can release nutrients according to the fertilizer requirement rule of crops, and can improve the stress resistance of the crops in saline-alkali soil and increase the crop yield.
(2) According to the invention, the plant immunity inducer is added in a microcapsule form, so that the plant immunity inducer has better stability, effectively prevents the plant immunity inducer from absorbing moisture, denaturation or oxidative inactivation after contacting with other substances, and reduces the loss of the plant immunity inducer in the environment; the negative charge colloid is added in the preparation process of the microcapsule, so that the wall material with positive charge can be polymerized with the negative charge colloid, the formed microcapsule wall is more uniform and compact, the wall material with positive charge has higher dispersibility in the negative charge colloid, and a plurality of core materials are wrapped.
(3) According to the invention, the plant immunity induced resistance type controlled release fertilizer and the organic fertilizer are applied in a staggered manner to form source salinity control, prevent the salinity of crops in the seedling stage from being overlapped and damaged, maintain the cellular osmotic pressure balance of saline-alkali soil crops, accelerate the downward leaching of rainfall and irrigation on basic ions, improve the physical structure of soil, increase the organic matter content of the soil and further promote the sustainable development of agriculture.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
As introduced in the background technology, the existing mode for improving saline-alkali soil has the problems that the applied fertilizer cannot meet the nutrient requirements of crops in different periods, the stress resistance of the crops is not improved, functional substances are not kept alive and the like.
Based on the above, the invention provides a coastal saline-alkali soil salt control, alkali reduction and soil improvement mode based on the superior compatibility of a controlled release fertilizer, a plant immunity inducer and an organic fertilizer, wherein the controlled release fertilizer, the plant immunity inducer and the organic fertilizer are as follows: the controlled release fertilizer can regularly release nutrients to soil according to the fertilizer requirement rule of crops, and can improve the nutrient utilization rate and increase the crop yield. The slow release of the nutrients of the controlled release fertilizer is beneficial to controlling the nutrient release rate and the release period, so that the influence of the nutrient release on the soil salinity can be reduced, and the harm to the saline-alkali soil can be reduced. The plant immunity inducer betaine is a quaternary ammonium compound, can be extracted from roots, stems, leaves and fruits of natural plants or chemically synthesized by taking trimethylamine and chloroacetic acid as raw materials, has stable property, can activate an ROS (reactive oxygen species) scavenging system, relieves oxidation damage caused by stress, and maintains the osmotic pressure of cells; the betaine can protect the root cell membrane of crops, prevent thermal damage and improve the temperature required by enzyme thermal denaturation; the leaf vegetable thylakoid membrane can be protected against freezing stress; the poison of high-concentration salt to the enzyme activity is removed; preventing dehydration-induced protein thermodynamic interference; has good protection effect on aerobic respiration and energy metabolism process. In addition, the organic fertilizer contains a large amount of organic matters, can improve the physical and chemical properties of soil, change the salt movement condition of the soil, promote soil desalination, inhibit salt return, buffer harmful anions and cations in the soil, and is beneficial to rooting and seedling promotion. According to the invention, the plant immunity inducer is combined with the controlled-release fertilizer and is applied with the organic fertilizer in a staggered manner, so that the original non-dominant combination mode is changed, the salt resistance of saline-alkali soil crops is improved, the utilization rate of the saline-alkali soil is improved, and the versatility of the fertilizer is greatly improved.
In order to realize the organic combination of the plant immunity inducing agent and the controlled release fertilizer, the invention provides a preparation method of the plant immunity inducing controlled release fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
(1) taking a plant immunity inducer as a core material, wherein the plant immunity inducer is selected from one or more of betaine, brassinolide, humic acid and DA-6; dissolving a core material in water to prepare a uniform solution (the concentration of the core material in the uniform solution is 100-400 g/L); then adding the mixture into a wall material solution, wherein the weight ratio of the added core material to the added wall material solution is 1: (2-5); adding a colloid with negative charges, wherein the weight ratio of the colloid with negative charges to the wall material solution with positive charges is 1.5: 1; obtaining an emulsion; under the vacuum condition, adjusting the pH value of the emulsion to 4.0-6.5, separating out microcapsules, adjusting the pH value of the emulsion to 6.0-7.0, and adding a curing agent, wherein the curing agent is one of diglycidyl phenyl ethyl ether, tyrosinase and laccase; the addition amount of the curing agent is 1-2% of the weight of the wall material solution; after the microcapsules are solidified, the microcapsules are obtained through post-treatment (the post-treatment comprises filtration, room temperature drying and sieving of the solidified microcapsules).
The wall material solution is formed by mixing beta-cyclodextrin and a mixed solution of lac-gelatin-water according to the weight ratio of 1 (2.5-2.7), wherein in the mixed solution of the lac-gelatin-water, the weight ratio of the lac, the gelatin and the water is 0.6: 0.6: 12; or the wall material solution is an epsilon-polylysine-vitamin E succinate amide compound.
The epsilon-polylysine-vitamin E succinate amide complex can be prepared according to the method of example 1 in patent CN 104356380A.
(2) Heating and melting paraffin, stirring and adding an auxiliary agent, and uniformly mixing to obtain a surface modifier; the surface modifier contains 1.5-2.5% of auxiliary agent.
The aidThe agent is one or more of hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid, polyacrylic acid and amino trimethylene phosphonic acid, has strong chelating ability, and can react with many metal ions including Ca2+、Mg2+Plasma chelation, forming a stable complex.
Mixing cellulose-based polyol and a curing agent B to prepare a coating liquid A; or heating and melting the sulfur to prepare the coating liquid B. Wherein: the cellulose-based polyol can be prepared according to the method of example 1 in patent CN 101885825A.
The curing agent B is polyisocyanate; including but not limited to: one or more of polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate or isophorone diisocyanate.
(3) Adding fertilizer particles into a granulator which is preheated to 60-85 ℃, then uniformly mixing the microcapsule preparation obtained in the step (1) with the fertilizer particles, and uniformly spraying the surface modifier in the step (2) on the surface of the mixture of the fertilizer and the microcapsule preparation. The plant immunity inducer accounts for 2-3% of the fertilizer by mass, and the surface modifier accounts for 0.2-2% of the fertilizer by mass.
The fertilizer granules include, but are not limited to, urea and diammonium phosphate.
(4) Adding the fertilizer particles obtained in the step (3) into a rotary drum, and spraying the coating liquid A or the coating liquid B on the surface of the primary fertilizer to obtain the plant immunity induced resistance type controlled release fertilizer; the spraying amount of the coating liquid A is 1-8% of the weight of the fertilizer particles; the spraying amount of the coating liquid B is 10-20% of the weight of the fertilizer particles.
The envelope liquid A is cellulose-based polyurethane generated by the reaction of cellulose-based polyol and a curing agent B, and is easy to degrade, economic and environment-friendly; the coating liquid B takes sulfur as an effective component, is acidic and is suitable for soil improvement of saline-alkali soil. And selecting the coating liquid A or the coating liquid B for spraying according to the situation.
Based on the prepared plant immunity induced controlled release fertilizer, a new salt control, alkali reduction and soil improvement mode for the coastal saline-alkali soil is provided in another embodiment of the invention, and the mode is to perform staggered fertilization on the plant immunity induced controlled release fertilizer and an organic fertilizer; the staggered fertilization specifically comprises the following steps: the plant immunity induced resistance type controlled release fertilizer is applied to the soil with the depth of 15-20cm, and the organic fertilizer is applied to the soil with the depth of 40-50 cm.
The organic fertilizer is an organic fertilizer containing biochar, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
the fermented crop straws, fruit residues, leftovers and chicken manure are mixed according to the weight ratio of 8-15: 6-12: 15-20: 28-32, sending the mixture into a roller granulator with a hot air blower, setting the rotating speed at 390-400r/min and the temperature at 85-90 ℃, granulating for 45-50min, sieving by a 50-mesh steel sieve to obtain a spherical fertilizer, and drying and cooling the organic fertilizer and the biochar according to the weight ratio of (3-7): 1, mixing uniformly to prepare the organic fertilizer containing the biochar.
The biochar takes plant materials as raw materials, and the pH value is 7.0-8.0; the crop straw is crushed crop straw, and the length of the crushed crop straw is 4-8 cm; the organic matter content (dry basis) of the chicken manure is more than or equal to 25 wt.%, and the water content is less than or equal to 60 wt.%; the mass of the organic fertilizer is 3-6 times of that of the controlled release fertilizer.
In the salt-controlling, alkali-reducing and soil-improving mode of the coastal saline-alkali land, the plant immunity inducer comprises betaine, brassinolide, humic acid and the like which can be used as cofactors to participate in Ca in the tested plant immunity inducer controlled-release fertilizer2+The CaM signal transduction pathway is adopted to regulate and control the expression of heat shock transcription factors and heat shock proteins so as to improve the stress resistance of plants, and the auxiliary agents of hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid, polyacrylic acid and amino trimethylene phosphonic acid are easy to chelate a plurality of metal ions including Ca2+、Mg2+Plasma, forming a stable complex; the plant immunity induced resistance type controlled release fertilizer can slow down the salinization speed of soil, release nutrients according to the fertilizer requirement rule of crops and improve the yield of the crops; the organic fertilizer to be tested comprises fermented crop straws, fruit residues, leftovers and chicken manure, and can block the upward movement of the salt content of the lower layer, accelerate the leaching of the salt content and reduce the salt return. The controlled release fertilizer, the plant immunity inducer and the organic fertilizer are advantageously mixed to form source salinity control, prevent the salinity superposition damage of the seedling stage of crops, accelerate the downward leaching of rainfall and irrigation on basic ions, promote the root development of the applied plant immunity inducer to improve the content of organic residues in soil, and add the organic fertilizerThe application can reduce the pH value, increase the soil organic matter, effectively promote the formation of soil aggregates in coastal saline-alkali soil, and realize the soil fertility improvement. The technical mode can improve the stress resistance and root nutrition absorption of plants, remarkably improve the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers and reduce environmental pollution; the fertilizer can reduce the use amount and the fertilization times of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, reduce the labor intensity of fertilization, save labor force, improve the soil fertility level of the fertilization soil and improve the crop yield of saline-alkali soil.
In order to make the technical solutions of the present application more clearly understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
The test materials used in the examples of the present invention are all conventional in the art and commercially available.
Example 1
20 kg of urea is weighed and placed in a rotary drum, and a switch is turned on to preheat a core until the temperature is constant at 80 ℃. Weighing 400g of plant immune inducer betaine, dissolving in water to prepare a uniform solution, and adding 1200g of a mixed solution of shellac, gelatin, water and beta-cyclodextrin (in the mixed solution, the weight ratio of the beta-cyclodextrin to the mixed solution of shellac-gelatin-water is 1:2.6, and in the mixed solution of shellac-gelatin-water, the weight ratio of shellac, gelatin and water is 0.6: 0.6: 12); adding 1800g of colloid carrageenan with negative charges to obtain emulsion; under the vacuum condition, the pH value of the emulsion is adjusted to 4.0-6.5, microcapsules are separated out, the pH value of the emulsion is adjusted to 6.0-7.0, 18g of curing agent diglycidyl phenyl ether is added, after the microcapsules are cured, the microcapsules are obtained through post-treatment and are uniformly mixed with urea.
Weighing 39.2g of paraffin, 0.4g of hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid and 0.4g of polyacrylic acid, putting the paraffin, the hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid and the polyacrylic acid into a heating kettle, melting and keeping the temperature to 85 ℃, and preparing a surface modifier; weighing 200g of cellulose-based polyurethane and 200g of isophorone diisocyanate, and uniformly mixing to prepare the cellulose-based polyurethane coating solution.
Opening a pressure pump, setting the pressure of a spray head to be 0.1Mpa, setting the total spraying speed to be 0.2L/min, uniformly spraying the surface modifier, stopping spraying for 3 minutes, preserving at the constant temperature of 90 ℃ for 10 minutes, cooling to prepare a primary fertilizer, keeping the same spraying pressure and speed, uniformly spraying the coating liquid on the surface of the primary fertilizer, and cooling to obtain the plant immunity inducer controlled-release fertilizer.
The fermented crop straws, the fruit residues, the leftovers and the chicken manure are mixed according to the weight ratio of 12: 8: 16: 30, uniformly mixing, feeding into a roller granulator with a hot air blower, setting the rotating speed at 390r/min and the temperature at 85 ℃, granulating for 50min, sieving by a 50-mesh steel sieve to obtain a spherical fertilizer, and uniformly mixing the dried and cooled organic fertilizer and the biochar according to the weight ratio of 5:1 to obtain the organic fertilizer containing the biochar.
Applying the plant immunity inducer controlled-release fertilizer to soil 15-20cm, and applying the organic fertilizer to soil 40-50 cm; the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 5 times of that of the plant immunity induced resistance type controlled release fertilizer.
Example 2
Weighing 20 kg of diammonium phosphate, placing the diammonium phosphate in a rotary drum, and starting a switch to preheat a core until the temperature is constant at 80 ℃. Weighing 400g of plant immune inducer humic acid, dissolving in water to prepare a uniform solution, adding into 1200g of epsilon-polylysine-vitamin E succinate amide compound solution, and adding 1800g of colloid Arabic gum with negative charges to obtain an emulsion; under the vacuum condition, the pH value of the emulsion is adjusted to 4.0-6.5, microcapsules are separated out, the pH value of the emulsion is adjusted to 6.0-7.0, 18g of curing agent laccase is added, the microcapsules are cured, and the microcapsules are obtained through post-treatment and are uniformly mixed with urea.
Weighing 39.2g of paraffin, 0.4g of hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid and 0.4g of amino trimethylene phosphonic acid, putting the paraffin, the hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid and the amino trimethylene phosphonic acid into a heating kettle, melting, keeping the temperature to 85 ℃, and preparing a surface modifier; 2000g of sulfur is weighed and placed in a heating kettle to be melted and kept at the constant temperature of 145 ℃ to prepare the coating liquid. Opening a pressure pump, setting the pressure of a spray head to be 0.1Mpa, setting the total spraying speed to be 0.2L/min, uniformly spraying the surface modifier, stopping spraying for 3 minutes, preserving at the constant temperature of 90 ℃ for 10 minutes, cooling to prepare a primary fertilizer, keeping the same spraying pressure and speed, uniformly spraying the coating liquid on the surface of the primary fertilizer, and cooling to obtain the plant immunity inducer controlled-release fertilizer.
The fermented crop straws, the fruit residues, the leftovers and the chicken manure are mixed according to the weight ratio of 12: 8: 16: 30, feeding the mixture into a roller granulator with a hot air blower, setting the rotating speed to be 400r/min, the temperature to be 90 ℃, granulating for 45min, sieving by a 50-mesh steel sieve to obtain a spherical fertilizer, and uniformly mixing the dried and cooled organic fertilizer and the biochar according to the weight ratio of 5:1 to obtain the organic fertilizer containing the biochar.
The controlled release fertilizer of the plant immunity inducer is applied to the soil with the thickness of 15-20cm, and the organic fertilizer is applied to the soil with the thickness of 40-50 cm. The application amount of the organic fertilizer is 4 times of that of the plant immunity induced resistance type controlled release fertilizer.
Example 3
Field test of saline-alkali soil
In order to investigate the influence of the coastal saline-alkali soil salt control, alkali reduction and soil improvement mode based on the dominant compatibility of the controlled release fertilizer, the plant immunity inducer and the organic fertilizer on the crop yield of the saline-alkali soil and the salt content of the saline-alkali soil, a corn field test is carried out, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
1. the test method comprises the following steps:
dividing the test into five groups, wherein the CK0 group is completely blank and is not fertilized; CK1 group farmers use to fertilize; CRU group conventional commercial controlled release fertilizer treatment; adding the controlled release fertilizer-plant immune inducer humic acid of the embodiment 2 of the invention into the HA group for treatment; adding conventional commercially available controlled release fertilizer and organic fertilizer into the HC group, and performing staggered fertilization treatment; the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 4 times of that of the commercial controlled release fertilizer; HAC group the present invention added the controlled release fertilizer-plant immunity inducer humic acid-organic fertilizer staggered fertilization treatment according to the method of the invention example 2.
And managing each group under the same condition, and counting the yield, soil salinity, pH and organic matter content of each group after harvesting the corns.
2. And (3) test results:
the results of the yield of each group and the utilization rate of nutrients in the fertilizer are shown in table 1, and as can be seen from table 1, the yield and the nutrient utilization rate of the corn in the saline-alkali soil field can be obviously improved by applying the controlled-release fertilizer, namely the plant immunity inducer, and the organic fertilizer in a staggered manner; the saline-alkali soil salinity is reduced, the pH value is increased, and the organic matter content is increased.
TABLE 1 saline and alkaline land corn yield and soil Change
Treatment of Yield (kg/hm)2) Soil salt content (g/kg) pH value Organic matter content (g/kg)
CK0 4869.24 2.68 8.53 13.79
CK1 6086.57 2.66 8.50 14.31
CRU 6560.33 2.52 8.39 14.83
HA 7972.04 1.98 8.26 15.18
HC 7851.66 1.88 8.23 15.26
HAC 8528.41 1.83 8.13 15.37
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims (7)

1. The plant immunity induced resistance type controlled release fertilizer is characterized by being prepared by the following steps:
(1) adding a plant immune resistance inducer serving as a core material into a wall material solution, and adding a colloid with negative charges to obtain an emulsion; adjusting the pH value of the emulsion to 4.0-6.5 under vacuum condition, and separating out microcapsules; adjusting the pH value of the emulsion to 6.0-7.0, adding a curing agent A, curing the microcapsule, and performing post-treatment to obtain a microcapsule;
(2) heating and melting paraffin, adding an auxiliary agent, and uniformly mixing to prepare a surface modifier; mixing cellulose-based polyol and a curing agent B to prepare a coating liquid A, or heating and melting sulfur to prepare a coating liquid B;
(3) preheating fertilizer particles to 60-85 ℃, then uniformly mixing the microcapsules and the fertilizer particles, and spraying a surface modifier on the surfaces of the mixed microcapsules and fertilizer particles to prepare a primary fertilizer; spraying the coating liquid A or B on the surface of the primary fertilizer to obtain the plant immunity induced resistance type controlled release fertilizer;
in the step (1), the plant immunity inducer is selected from one or more of betaine, brassinolide, humic acid and DA-6;
in the step (1), the wall material solution is prepared by mixing beta-cyclodextrin and a mixed solution of lac-gelatin-water according to the weight ratio of 1 (2.5-2.7), wherein in the mixed solution of lac-gelatin-water, the weight ratio of lac, gelatin and water is 0.6: 0.6: 12; or the wall material solution is an epsilon-polylysine-vitamin E succinate amide compound;
the weight ratio of the added core material solution to the added wall material solution is 1: (2-5); the weight ratio of the wall material solution to the colloid with negative charge is 1: 1.5;
in the step (2), the surface modifier contains 1.5-2.5% of an auxiliary agent; the auxiliary agent is one or more of hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid, polyacrylic acid and amino trimethylene phosphonic acid.
2. The plant immunity-inducing controlled-release fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the curing agent A is one of diglycidyl phenyl ethyl ether, tyrosinase and laccase; the addition amount of the curing agent A is 1-2% of the weight of the wall material solution.
3. The plant immunity-inducing controlled-release fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the weight ratio of the cellulose-based polyol to the curing agent B in the coating solution A is 1: 0.9-1.5;
the curing agent B is polyisocyanate;
4. the controlled-release plant immunity-inducing fertilizer according to claim 3, wherein the polyisocyanate is one or more of polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate or isophorone diisocyanate.
5. Use of the plant immunity inducing controlled release fertilizer of any one of claims 1 to 4 in saline and alkaline land soil improvement.
6. A method for controlling salt, reducing alkali and improving soil of coastal saline-alkali soil based on dominant compatibility of a controlled release fertilizer, a plant immunity inducer and an organic fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
subjecting the plant immunity inducing controlled release fertilizer of any one of claims 1 to 4 and an organic fertilizer to staggered fertilization; the staggered fertilization specifically comprises the following steps: the plant immunity induced resistance type controlled release fertilizer is applied to the soil with the depth of 15-20cm, and the organic fertilizer is applied to the soil with the depth of 40-50 cm;
the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 3-6 times of that of the plant immunity induced resistance type controlled release fertilizer.
7. The method for controlling salt, reducing alkali and improving soil of the coastal saline-alkali soil according to claim 6, wherein the organic fertilizer is an organic fertilizer containing biochar, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing fermented crop straws, fruit residues, leftovers and chicken manure, feeding the mixture into a roller granulator with a hot air blower, setting the rotation speed at 390 plus 400r/min and the temperature at 85-90 ℃, granulating for 45-50min, sieving to obtain a spherical fertilizer, and uniformly mixing the dried and cooled organic fertilizer and biochar to obtain the organic fertilizer containing the biochar.
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