CN112645767A - Fertilizer for improving stress resistance of plants and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Fertilizer for improving stress resistance of plants and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112645767A CN112645767A CN202011634690.8A CN202011634690A CN112645767A CN 112645767 A CN112645767 A CN 112645767A CN 202011634690 A CN202011634690 A CN 202011634690A CN 112645767 A CN112645767 A CN 112645767A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- fertilizer
- stress resistance
- vitamin
- parts
- plants
- Prior art date
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- Pending
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 103
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000003094 microcapsule Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 53
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-erythro-ascorbic acid Natural products OCC1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229930003270 Vitamin B Natural products 0.000 claims description 13
- 229930003268 Vitamin C Natural products 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000019156 vitamin B Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011720 vitamin B Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000193744 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000589938 Azospirillum brasilense Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011609 ammonium molybdate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium molybdate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000018660 ammonium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940010552 ammonium molybdate Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940100486 rice starch Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000881860 Paenibacillus mucilaginosus Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007633 bacillus mucilaginosus Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940010514 ammonium ferrous sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960000355 copper sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 abstract description 2
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 37
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 20
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 241000219146 Gossypium Species 0.000 description 9
- ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-Proline Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1 ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 5
- WSMYVTOQOOLQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malondialdehyde Chemical compound O=CCC=O WSMYVTOQOOLQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Proline Natural products OC(=O)C1CCCN1 ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229940118019 malondialdehyde Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 4
- 102000003992 Peroxidases Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229930002875 chlorophyll Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 235000019804 chlorophyll Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M chlorophyll a Chemical compound C1([C@@H](C(=O)OC)C(=O)C2=C3C)=C2N2C3=CC(C(CC)=C3C)=[N+]4C3=CC3=C(C=C)C(C)=C5N3[Mg-2]42[N+]2=C1[C@@H](CCC(=O)OC\C=C(/C)CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@H](C)C2=C5 ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000000170 cell membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229940014259 gelatin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 244000000010 microbial pathogen Species 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000589151 Azotobacter Species 0.000 description 2
- 208000005156 Dehydration Diseases 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000004737 colorimetric analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycine betaine Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LHGVFZTZFXWLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N guaiacol Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1O LHGVFZTZFXWLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 108040007629 peroxidase activity proteins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 238000005502 peroxidation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- RVBUGGBMJDPOST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-thiobarbituric acid Chemical compound O=C1CC(=O)NC(=S)N1 RVBUGGBMJDPOST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008574 D-amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010028921 Lipopeptides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000244206 Nematoda Species 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108091005804 Peptidases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920000331 Polyhydroxybutyrate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004365 Protease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102100037486 Reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000036579 abiotic stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003811 acetone extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008485 antagonism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052586 apatite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000000005 bacterial plant pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960003237 betaine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001851 biosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004790 biotic stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000003763 chloroplast Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000366 copper(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JZCCFEFSEZPSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.[Cu+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O JZCCFEFSEZPSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008260 defense mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004925 denaturation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036425 denaturation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000249 desinfective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XTLNYNMNUCLWEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol;propan-2-one Chemical compound CCO.CC(C)=O XTLNYNMNUCLWEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000000004 fungal plant pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960001867 guaiacol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002779 inactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002068 microbial inoculum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- NCYVXEGFNDZQCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N nikethamide Chemical compound CCN(CC)C(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 NCYVXEGFNDZQCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEMOMIGRRWSMCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ninhydrin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C(O)(O)C(=O)C2=C1 FEMOMIGRRWSMCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000052769 pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000001717 pathogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;fluoride;triphosphate Chemical compound [F-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 1
- 229940068196 placebo Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000902 placebo Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008638 plant developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005648 plant growth regulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001184 polypeptide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000003248 secreting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000000006 viral plant pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/90—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting the nitrification of ammonium compounds or urea in the soil
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, in particular to a fertilizer for improving stress resistance of plants and a preparation method thereof. The fertilizer comprises the following raw materials: the fertilizer is prepared from urea, potassium humate, water, diamine phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, trace elements, a microbial agent and vitamin microcapsules, wherein the raw materials are compounded and cooperated, so that the fertilizer is comprehensive in nutrition, growth and development of crops are promoted, and disease resistance and stress resistance of plants are enhanced. According to the invention, alkaline components such as urea and potassium humate are prepared into slurry, substances which can stably exist under an acidic condition are prepared into compound fertilizer particles, and the alkaline slurry is coated on the surfaces of the compound fertilizer particles to form a coating, so that the influence of acid-base neutralization reaction on the acidic and alkaline components on the fertilizer efficiency is avoided; meanwhile, the coating formed on the surface of the compound fertilizer particles can prevent the compound fertilizer particles from directly contacting with soil and crop roots, water is gradually dissolved in the coating, the compound fertilizer particles in the coating are gradually released and are continuously absorbed and utilized by crops, and the improvement of the fertilizer utilization rate is facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, in particular to a fertilizer for improving stress resistance of plants and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In nature, plants have been adapted and evolved for a long time, and have generated certain resistance and adaptability to severe environments. Plant stress resistance, i.e., the resistance of a plant to stress or stress factors, generally speaking, plants are subjected to various stresses during growth and development, including biotic and abiotic stresses, such as high temperature, low temperature, pathogen infection, drought, salt and alkali, which are important for adapting plants to adverse environments. These stresses can seriously affect the growth and development, yield and quality of plants, mainly causing dehydration of plant cells, damage of membrane systems, chloroplast injury, inactivation or denaturation of enzymes involved in light and light processes, and the like. In the biological evolution process, when a plant is stressed by adversity, an adaptive defense mechanism is generated, firstly, water stress is generated in a direct or indirect mode, then organic substances such as betaine, proline and the like are accumulated in the plant body, the concentration of cell sap is increased, the osmotic potential is correspondingly reduced, so that the water in the plant body is maintained, and the damage of the adversity to the plant body is reduced. The plant growth characteristics determine that the plants are stressed by various stresses in the growth process, and economic crops generate significant loss under various stresses, so that the improvement of the crop stress resistance is always the focus of the crop breeding field. So it is common to apply fertilizers to plants to improve their stress resistance.
Composite fertilizers which improve the stress resistance of plants and comprise inorganic fertilizers and microbial agents exist nowadays, but the microbial agents can affect the activity of microorganisms after being mixed with alkaline fertilizers, so that the fertilizer efficiency is affected. Meanwhile, if the acidic and alkaline components are mixed in the fertilizer, acid-base neutralization reaction can occur under certain temperature and high humidity conditions, so that the components are invalid.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, one of the purposes of the invention is to provide a fertilizer for improving the stress resistance of plants, wherein the fertilizer isolates acid components and alkaline components in the fertilizer, and the fertilizer has comprehensive inorganic nutrients and is rich in organic matters and improves the stress resistance of crops; the invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the fertilizer for improving the stress resistance of plants, which coats the alkaline components on the acidic fertilizer particles in a coating mode to avoid direct mixing and contact of the alkaline components and the acidic fertilizer particles to influence the fertilizer efficiency.
One of the purposes of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a fertilizer for improving stress resistance of plants comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100-150 parts of urea, 10-20 parts of potassium humate, 30-50 parts of water, 50-100 parts of diamine phosphate, 40-50 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 20-30 parts of trace elements, 40-50 parts of microbial agent and 5-10 parts of vitamin microcapsule; wherein the microbial agent is at least one of bacillus subtilis, azospirillum brasilense, bacillus mucilaginosus or bacillus amyloliquefaciens; the vitamin microcapsule is obtained by embedding vitamin B and/or vitamin C powder in starch and a cross-linking agent.
The potassium humate belongs to potassium fertilizers of humic acids, is an important component in organic matters, can reduce the application of fertilizers, improve the use efficiency of nutrients, partially replace a biosynthetic plant growth regulator, improve the quality of vegetables and fruits, improve the drought resistance of plants, reduce the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests, promote the early growth and flowering of plants and the like, and is also suitable to be used as a carrier of microorganisms for being applied to crop cultivation.
The vitamin microcapsule provides vitamin B and/or vitamin C for plants, plays an important role in the plant development process, and can stimulate the growth and development of crops, promote the activity of enzyme and enhance the resistance to diseases and stress. However, because the properties of vitamin B and vitamin C are unstable, and environmental factors such as temperature, metal ions and pH value affect the stability of vitamin B and vitamin C, the vitamin B and/or vitamin C needs to be encapsulated by using a microencapsulation technology. Since microencapsulation is known in the art, it is not described in detail in this application. Specifically, the embedding rate of the vitamin B and/or the vitamin C is 3-5%.
The azospirillum brasilense is a spiral gram-negative bacterium, is facultative anaerobic, can utilize various carbon sources and nitrogen sources for metabolism, forms conceptual cytomin under the adverse environment, secretes a large amount of polysaccharide, and forms poly B-hydroxybutyrate in vivo as an energy source to overcome the adverse environment. The growth temperature and pH condition range is wide, and the azotobacter has high azotobacter activity under proper conditions, phosphorus dissolving property and the function of promoting the growth of crops.
The bacillus subtilis has more advantages in space site competition, namely, the bacillus subtilis can quickly and massively propagate and fix in the plant body and the soil where the plant grows, so that the propagation of pathogenic microorganisms is effectively prevented, the plant infection of the pathogenic microorganisms of the plant is interfered, the colonization of the pathogenic microorganisms on the plant is damaged, and the effects of inhibiting bacteria and controlling diseases are achieved.
Bacillus mucilaginosus is also called silicate bacteria, and has the important characteristics of decomposing potassium and silicon in minerals such as feldspar, mica and the like, decomposing phosphorus in apatite, and secreting plant growth stimulin and various enzymes to enhance the resistance of crops to certain diseases.
The action mechanism of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens mainly comprises secretion of antibacterial substances, generation of antagonism, competition of nutrition and space, induction of host generation of resistance, promotion of plant growth and the like. The bacillus amyloliquefaciens can generate active substances such as low molecular weight antibiotics, antibacterial proteins or polypeptides and the like, inhibit phytopathogens and can be used as rhizosphere bacteria to promote plant growth. Lipopeptide antibiotics with small molecular weight, good thermal stability, D-amino acid content, protease hydrolysis resistance and organic solvent action are synthesized through a non-ribosome approach, and play a main role in inhibiting plant pathogenic bacteria, fungi, viruses and nematodes in biological control application.
Further, the trace element is at least one of copper sulfate, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, borax, ammonium molybdate or ferrous sulfate.
Still further, the cross-linking agent is gelatin, and the starch is rice starch.
Further, the preparation method of the vitamin microcapsule comprises the following steps: adding water into starch, cross-linking agent, vitamin B and/or vitamin C powder, stirring to form solution, and spray drying to obtain vitamin microcapsule.
Still further, the preparation method of the microbial agent comprises the following steps: inoculating various single strains on a culture medium, and culturing for 4-6 days in an incubator at 35-40 ℃ to obtain strain fermentation liquor; inoculating the strain fermentation liquor into a solid fermentation substrate, fermenting for 4-6 days, and drying at 40-50 ℃ to obtain a single solid strain; pulverizing various solid strains, and mixing to obtain compound microbial agent.
The second purpose of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
the preparation method of the fertilizer for improving the stress resistance of plants comprises the following steps:
1) adding diamine phosphate, monopotassium phosphate and trace elements into a reactor, heating and stirring, and cooling to obtain a first mixture;
2) heating and stirring the first mixture obtained in the step 1), a microbial agent and vitamin microcapsules to obtain a second mixture;
3) granulating the second mixture to obtain compound fertilizer particles;
4) mixing urea, water and potassium humate to obtain slurry;
5) and (3) spraying the slurry obtained in the step (4) onto the surfaces of the compound fertilizer granules obtained in the step (3), drying and cooling to form coating films on the surfaces of the compound fertilizer granules, thereby obtaining the fertilizer for improving the stress resistance of plants.
The alkaline components of the fertilizer for improving the stress resistance of plants are urea and potassium humate; the acidic components are diammonium phosphate, monopotassium phosphate, trace elements, microbial agents and vitamin microcapsules. It should be noted that the acidic component does not have to be acidic in nature, and may be a substance that remains stable under acidic conditions. The components of the compound fertilizer particles are all substances capable of stably existing under an acidic condition, and the pH range is about 4-6. And spraying the alkaline slurry on acidic compound fertilizer particles, drying to form a coating, and isolating alkaline substances from acidic substances to avoid fertilizer failure.
Further, in the step 1), the heating temperature is 80-90 ℃, and the cooling temperature is 50-60 ℃.
And further, in the step 2), the heating temperature is 50-60 ℃, and the activity of the microbial agent and the vitamin microcapsule can be maintained by heating at a lower temperature of 50-60 ℃.
Further, in step 3), granulation is performed under a high tower granulator.
And further, in the step 4), the compound fertilizer particles are sent into a rotary drum dryer, and the slurry is atomized and sprayed into the rotary drum dryer at the temperature of 55-65 ℃ and under the pressure of 0.4-0.8 MPa to be mixed with the compound fertilizer particles.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the fertilizer for improving the stress resistance of plants has comprehensive nutrition by adding potassium humate and a microbial agent and then compounding and cooperating vitamin microcapsules, macroelement fertilizers and trace element fertilizers, promotes the growth and development of crops, and enhances the disease resistance and stress resistance of the plants.
(2) According to the invention, alkaline components such as urea and potassium humate are prepared into slurry, substances which can stably exist under an acidic condition are prepared into compound fertilizer particles, and the alkaline slurry is coated on the surfaces of the compound fertilizer particles to form a coating, so that the influence of acid-base neutralization reaction on the acidic and alkaline components on the fertilizer efficiency is avoided; meanwhile, the coating formed on the surface of the compound fertilizer particles can prevent the compound fertilizer particles from directly contacting with soil and crop roots, water is gradually dissolved in the coating, the compound fertilizer particles in the coating are gradually released, diffused to the soil solution and continuously absorbed and utilized by crops, and the improvement of the fertilizer utilization rate is facilitated.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below with reference to specific embodiments, and it should be noted that, without conflict, any combination between the embodiments or technical features described below may form a new embodiment.
Example 1
A fertilizer for improving stress resistance of plants comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 123 parts of urea, 16 parts of potassium humate, 44 parts of water, 86 parts of diamine phosphate, 45 parts of monopotassium phosphate, trace elements (15 parts of copper sulfate, 5 parts of manganese sulfate and 3 parts of ammonium molybdate), 42 parts of microbial agent and 6 parts of vitamin microcapsule. The preparation method of the vitamin microcapsule comprises the following steps: adding water into rice starch, gelatin, vitamin B and/or vitamin C powder, stirring to form a solution, and spray drying to obtain vitamin microcapsule. The proportion of vitamin B and vitamin C in the vitamin microcapsule is 3 percent.
The preparation method of the microbial agent comprises the following steps: inoculating various single strains on a culture medium, and culturing for 6 days in an incubator at 40 ℃ to obtain strain fermentation liquor; inoculating the strain fermentation liquor into a solid fermentation substrate, fermenting for 6 days, and drying at 50 ℃ to obtain a single solid strain; pulverizing various solid strains, and mixing to obtain compound microbial agent. The mixing ratio of the microbial agent is 1: 1: 1: 1 bacillus subtilis, azospirillum brasilense, bacillus mucilaginosus and bacillus amyloliquefaciens.
The preparation method of the fertilizer for improving the stress resistance of plants comprises the following steps:
1) adding diamine phosphate, monopotassium phosphate and trace elements into a reactor, heating and stirring at 90 ℃, and cooling to 60 ℃ to obtain a first mixture;
2) heating and stirring the first mixture obtained in the step 1) with a microbial agent and vitamin microcapsules at 60 ℃ to obtain a second mixture;
3) granulating the second mixture in a high tower granulator to obtain compound fertilizer granules;
4) mixing urea, water and potassium humate to obtain slurry;
5) and feeding the compound fertilizer granules into a rotary drum dryer, spraying the slurry into the rotary drum dryer in a atomizing manner at 65 ℃ and under the pressure of 0.8MPa, mixing the slurry with the compound fertilizer granules, drying and cooling for 15 minutes to form a coating on the surfaces of the compound fertilizer granules, and thus obtaining the fertilizer for improving the stress resistance of plants.
Example 2
A fertilizer for improving stress resistance of plants comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of urea, 10 parts of potassium humate, 30 parts of water, 50 parts of diamine phosphate, 40 parts of monopotassium phosphate, trace elements (5 parts of blue vitriol, 5 parts of manganese sulfate, 5 parts of zinc sulfate and 5 parts of ammonium molybdate), 40 parts of microbial inoculum and 5 parts of vitamin microcapsules.
The preparation method of the vitamin microcapsule comprises the following steps: adding water into rice starch, gelatin and vitamin C powder, stirring to form a solution, and spray drying to obtain vitamin microcapsule. The proportion of the vitamin C in the vitamin microcapsule is 3 percent.
The preparation method of the microbial agent comprises the following steps: inoculating various single strains on a culture medium, and culturing for 4 days in an incubator at 40 ℃ to obtain strain fermentation liquor; inoculating the strain fermentation liquor into a solid fermentation substrate, fermenting for 6 days, and drying at 40 ℃ to obtain a single solid strain; pulverizing various solid strains, and mixing to obtain compound microbial agent. The mixing ratio of the microbial agent is 1: 1 and bacillus amyloliquefaciens.
The preparation method of the fertilizer for improving the stress resistance of plants comprises the following steps:
1) adding diamine phosphate, monopotassium phosphate and trace elements into a reactor, heating and stirring at 80 ℃, and cooling to 50 ℃ to obtain a first mixture;
2) heating and stirring the first mixture obtained in the step 1) with a microbial agent and vitamin microcapsules at 50 ℃ to obtain a second mixture;
3) granulating the second mixture in a high tower granulator to obtain compound fertilizer granules;
4) mixing urea, water and potassium humate to obtain slurry;
5) and feeding the compound fertilizer granules into a rotary drum dryer, spraying the slurry into the rotary drum dryer in an atomizing manner at 55 ℃ and under the pressure of 0.4MPa, mixing the slurry with the compound fertilizer granules, drying and cooling for 20 minutes to form a coating on the surfaces of the compound fertilizer granules, and thus obtaining the fertilizer for improving the stress resistance of plants.
Example 3
A fertilizer for improving stress resistance of plants comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 150 parts of urea, 20 parts of potassium humate, 30-50 parts of water, 50-100 parts of diamine phosphate, 40-50 parts of monopotassium phosphate, trace elements (5 parts of copper sulfate, 5 parts of manganese sulfate, 5 parts of zinc sulfate, 5 parts of ammonium molybdate and 5 parts of ferrous sulfate), 50 parts of microbial agent and 10 parts of vitamin microcapsule.
The preparation method of the vitamin microcapsule comprises the following steps: adding water into rice starch, gelatin and vitamin B powder, stirring to form a solution, and spray drying to obtain vitamin microcapsule. The proportion of vitamin B in the vitamin microcapsules is 3 percent.
The preparation method of the microbial agent comprises the following steps: inoculating various single strains on a culture medium, and culturing for 4 days in an incubator at 35 ℃ to obtain strain fermentation liquor; inoculating the strain fermentation liquor into a solid fermentation substrate, fermenting for 4 days, and drying at 40 ℃ to obtain a single solid strain; pulverizing various solid strains, and mixing to obtain compound microbial agent. The mixing ratio of the microbial agent is 1: 1: 1 bacillus subtilis, azospirillum brasilense and bacillus amyloliquefaciens.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 differs from example 1 in that: comparative example 1 no potassium humate was added. The remaining components and preparation were the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 differs from example 1 in that: comparative example 2 no microbial agent was added. The remaining components and preparation were the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 3
Comparative example 3 differs from example 1 in that: comparative example 3 no vitamin microcapsules were added. The remaining components and preparation were the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 4
Comparative example 4 differs from example 1 in that: and 2) after the second mixture is obtained in the step 2), adding urea, potassium humate and water for mixing, and then granulating to obtain the fertilizer.
Testing stress resistance of cotton
The cotton planting experiment in a specific area is selected to verify the influence of the fertilizer on the stress resistance of the cotton simulating salt stress. The total number of experimental groups is 7, the fertilizers of examples 1-3 and the fertilizers of comparative examples 1-4 are applied to each group every day in the planting process, and the amount of the fertilizers used in each group is equal. A set of placebo was set up, i.e. no fertilizer was used during the planting process.
Weighing a proper amount of cotton seeds in each group, delinting by concentrated sulfuric acid, disinfecting by 10% hydrogen peroxide for 10 minutes, planting the seeds in an area of 16cm multiplied by 25cm multiplied by 10cm, wherein the area size of each group is the same, planting 30 cotton seeds in the area of each group, and irrigating 0.3% NaCl solution (simulating a salt stress environment) with the same amount in soil in each group of area every two days. Covering a layer of sandy soil after planting, and watering until the soil is moist. Culturing in the conditions of day and night of 12h, light temperature of 30 deg.C and dark temperature of 25 deg.C. And (4) watering every day to keep the water content of the soil above 58%. The fertilizer is applied every 3 days, the fertilizers of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-4 are diluted by 200 times and sprayed on a planting area, and the spraying amount of each group is the same.
And observing the germination condition of the seeds, calculating the germination rate after 10 days of planting, and measuring the relative indexes of the seedlings, such as POD enzyme activity, malondialdehyde, chlorophyll, proline content, root activity and the like after 8 groups of seeds germinate for 15 days.
Wherein, the Peroxidase (POD) activity adopts guaiacol colorimetry; the proline content is measured by an acid ninhydrin color development method; the content of malondialdehyde is measured by a thiobarbituric acid colorimetric method; measuring the chlorophyll content by an ethanol acetone extraction method; germination rate (number of total germinated seeds/total number of seeds tested per group after 10 days of planting) x 100%.
TABLE 1 Germination of Cotton Using the fertilizers of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-4
TABLE 2 Effect of Using the fertilizers of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-4 on various parameters of Cotton
Note: the difference of the same index data in the same row and different letters represents the significance level of 0.05.
As can be seen from the data in tables 1-2, the germination rates of the cotton seeds irrigated with the fertilizers of examples 1-3 are higher than those of the blank control group and comparative examples 1-4, which shows that the fertilizers of examples 1-3 can promote the growth and development of the cotton seeds, wherein example 1 is the most preferred example.
The content of malondialdehyde is the embodiment of the peroxidation degree of the plant cell membrane, and the content of malondialdehyde is high, which indicates that the peroxidation degree of the plant cell membrane is high and the cell membrane is seriously damaged. After the cotton seeds are treated by the fertilizer of the example 1, the malondialdehyde content of the cotton seedlings is reduced, which shows that the stress resistance of the cotton enhanced by the fertilizer of the example 1 is the strongest.
Compared with a blank control group, the fertilizer treatment of the embodiments 1 to 3 obviously improves the chlorophyll content, the proline content and the activity of POD enzyme of cotton seedlings under the condition of salt stress, and the contents are sorted from large to small according to the chlorophyll content and the proline content: example 1 > example 3 > example 2 > comparative example 3 > comparative example 4 > comparative example 1. The fertilizer of the invention is proved to achieve the optimal stress resistance effect through the combination and the proportion of specific materials, and the potassium humate, the microbial agent and the vitamin microcapsule are the main components for improving the stress resistance of cotton seedlings. In comparative example 4, although these three materials were simultaneously used, since the preparation was not carried out by the acid-base separation coating method, acid-base neutralization reaction was directly carried out on the acidic and basic fertilizer components during the preparation process, resulting in the fertilizer failure.
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any insubstantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The fertilizer for improving the stress resistance of plants is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100-150 parts of urea, 10-20 parts of potassium humate, 30-50 parts of water, 50-100 parts of diamine phosphate, 40-50 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 20-30 parts of trace elements, 40-50 parts of microbial agent and 5-10 parts of vitamin microcapsule; wherein the microbial agent is at least one of bacillus subtilis, azospirillum brasilense, bacillus mucilaginosus or bacillus amyloliquefaciens; the vitamin microcapsule is obtained by embedding vitamin B and/or vitamin C powder in starch and a cross-linking agent.
2. The fertilizer for improving plant stress resistance according to claim 1, wherein the trace element is at least one of copper sulfate, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, borax, ammonium molybdate or ferrous sulfate.
3. The fertilizer for improving plant stress resistance according to claim 1, wherein the cross-linking agent is gelatin, and the starch is rice starch.
4. The fertilizer for improving the stress resistance of plants according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the vitamin microcapsule comprises the following steps: adding water into starch, cross-linking agent, vitamin B and/or vitamin C powder, stirring to form solution, and spray drying to obtain vitamin microcapsule.
5. The fertilizer for improving the stress resistance of plants as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the microbial agent comprises the following steps: inoculating various single strains on a culture medium, and culturing for 4-6 days in an incubator at 35-40 ℃ to obtain strain fermentation liquor; inoculating the strain fermentation liquor into a solid fermentation substrate, fermenting for 4-6 days, and drying at 40-50 ℃ to obtain a single solid strain; pulverizing various solid strains, and mixing to obtain compound microbial agent.
6. The preparation method of the fertilizer for improving the stress resistance of the plants as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) adding diamine phosphate, monopotassium phosphate and trace elements into a reactor, heating and stirring, and cooling to obtain a first mixture;
2) heating and stirring the first mixture obtained in the step 1), a microbial agent and vitamin microcapsules to obtain a second mixture;
3) granulating the second mixture to obtain compound fertilizer particles;
4) mixing urea, water and potassium humate to obtain slurry;
5) and (3) spraying the slurry obtained in the step (4) onto the surfaces of the compound fertilizer granules obtained in the step (3), drying and cooling to form coating films on the surfaces of the compound fertilizer granules, thereby obtaining the fertilizer for improving the stress resistance of plants.
7. The preparation method of the fertilizer for improving the stress resistance of plants according to claim 6, wherein in the step 1), the heating temperature is 80-90 ℃, and the cooling temperature is 50-60 ℃.
8. The method for preparing a fertilizer for improving plant stress resistance as claimed in claim 6, wherein the heating temperature in the step 2) is 50-60 ℃.
9. The method for preparing fertilizer for improving plant stress resistance as claimed in claim 6, wherein in the step 3), the granulation is performed under a high tower granulator.
10. The method for preparing a fertilizer for improving plant stress resistance as claimed in claim 6, wherein in the step 4), the compound fertilizer particles are fed into a rotary drum dryer, and the slurry is atomized and sprayed into the rotary drum dryer at 55-65 ℃ and under the pressure of 0.4-0.8 MPa to be mixed with the compound fertilizer particles.
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