CN109627126B - High-bioactivity slow release fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-bioactivity slow release fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109627126B CN109627126B CN201910093786.9A CN201910093786A CN109627126B CN 109627126 B CN109627126 B CN 109627126B CN 201910093786 A CN201910093786 A CN 201910093786A CN 109627126 B CN109627126 B CN 109627126B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-bioactivity slow release fertilizer which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 7-13 parts of lignin, 1.5-3 parts of polyaspartic acid, 0.2-0.6 part of carboxymethyl cellulose, 8-15 parts of urea, 10-20 parts of urea formaldehyde, 4-10 parts of attapulgite, 4-9 parts of montmorillonite, 10-15 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 3-6 parts of corn starch, 5-10 parts of a plasticizer, 1-2 parts of an emulsifier, 6-17 parts of weathered lignite, 2-5 parts of fine-pore silica gel, 6-15 parts of biomass particles, 1-5 parts of a bacteria-containing concentrated solution and 3-7 parts of a starch adhesive. The invention also provides a preparation method of the composition. According to the high-biological-activity slow release fertilizer, the microbial agent is effectively fixed, high activity and slow release can be maintained, and meanwhile, urea and urea formaldehyde can be released in a multiple controllable manner, so that different nutrient demands of crops in different growth stages are provided, and the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, in particular to a high-bioactivity slow release fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Because the surface layer of the slow release fertilizer or the slow release fertilizer has low solubility in water, the fertilizer can continuously and slowly release available nutrients required by plants, and therefore, the fertilizer is usually used as a base fertilizer for one-time application, so that the fertilization cost and the fertilization times are reduced. In addition, the nutrients of the slow release fertilizer are slowly released in the early stage and are continuously released in the later stage, so that enough nutrients can be supplied to crops, and the nutrient requirement characteristics of the crops are relatively close to those of the crops, so that the crops can fully utilize the nutrients, and the environmental problems of water eutrophication, greenhouse effect and the like caused by nutrient loss or volatilization of the fertilizer can be relieved. The development of the slow release fertilizer greatly improves the utilization rate of the fertilizer, and can improve 10 to 30 percent compared with a quick-acting fertilizer; the fertilizing amount can be reduced, the loss of nutrients in soil is reduced, and the pollution of fertilization to the environment is reduced; the fertilizer can be applied at one time, the fertilizer consumption is reduced, the crop yield is increased, and the quality of agricultural products is improved. Besides perfecting and optimizing the farmland fertilization mode, the application and popularization of the slow release fertilizer are important ways for improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer, and have great significance for improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer.
Microbial fertilizers are mainly completed by the life activities of a large number of beneficial microorganisms contained in the microbial fertilizer. At present, the microbial fertilizer in China is developed quickly, the variety is increased continuously, but the microbial fertilizer has the defects of high cost, unstable fertilizer efficiency, easy influence of environmental factors and the like. The addition of microorganisms mostly stays in the direct addition of microbial powder, microbial strains are exposed in the external environment and are easily inactivated by the influence of temperature, pH and salt in the production and use processes, and in addition, the powder and granular fertilizer are easy to run off when being applied together and cannot be effectively combined with soil, so that the number of viable bacteria of the biological microbial inoculum actually entering the soil is small or the activity of the biological microbial inoculum is too low, and the due efficacy of the biological microbial inoculum cannot be exerted.
Therefore, the microbial fertilizer and the slow release fertilizer are combined, and the biological slow release fertilizer which is low in research and development cost, high in biological activity and good in slow release effect has important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the existing microbial fertilizer, the invention provides a biological slow release fertilizer which has high microbial activity, long-acting slow release and high utilization rate and does not generate secondary pollution.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a high-bioactivity slow release fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 7-13 parts of lignin, 1.5-3 parts of polyaspartic acid, 0.2-0.6 part of carboxymethyl cellulose, 8-15 parts of urea, 10-20 parts of urea formaldehyde, 4-10 parts of attapulgite, 4-9 parts of montmorillonite, 10-15 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 3-6 parts of corn starch, 5-10 parts of a plasticizer, 1-2 parts of an emulsifier, 6-17 parts of weathered lignite, 2-5 parts of fine-pore silica gel, 6-15 parts of biomass particles, 1-5 parts of a bacteria-containing concentrated solution and 3-7 parts of a starch adhesive.
Furthermore, the biomass particles are obtained by crushing crop straws and wood chips, and the particle size is 1.0-2.0 mm.
Further, the bacteria-containing concentrated solution is obtained by uniformly stirring 30 mass percent of yeast waste liquid and 2 mass percent of composite microbial liquid, wherein the composite microbial liquid is obtained by separately fermenting purple photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium and bacillus mucilaginosus, and the fermented liquid is mixed, and the effective viable count is more than or equal to 2 multiplied by 109cfu/g。
Further, the plasticizer is glycerol, and the emulsifier is glyceryl monostearate.
A preparation method of a high-bioactivity slow release fertilizer comprises the following steps:
step one, fixing the microorganisms: adding biomass particles into the bacteria-containing concentrated solution according to the proportion of 30g/L, carrying out shake culture in a constant-temperature shaking table at the temperature of 30 ℃ until the stable period, discarding the supernatant, washing with sterile water, and draining nylon gauze to obtain the physical adsorption immobilized microorganism; pouring the mixture into a rotary drum granulator, spraying a starch adhesive, adding weathered lignite and pore silica gel, and finishing the coating;
step two, coating the synergist and the attapulgite: putting urea and urea-formaldehyde into a rotary drum granulator, heating to 30-35 ℃, keeping for 20-50 min, starting the rotary drum, spraying a starch adhesive, uniformly mixing lignin, polyaspartic acid and carboxymethyl cellulose, adding, spraying the starch adhesive again after the coating is finished, and adding attapulgite until the coating is finished;
step three, preparing a mixed material: pouring the biomass particles coated with the weathered lignite prepared in the step one and the fertilizer particles coated with the attapulgite prepared in the step two into a rotating drum of a drum granulator, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed material for later use;
step four, preparing the coating liquid: weighing montmorillonite, adding deionized water, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 10min to obtain a montmorillonite suspension with the concentration of 1%, adding polyvinyl alcohol into the montmorillonite suspension according to a formula proportion, stirring, dissolving in a 90 ℃ water bath for 30min, then mixing with pregelatinized corn starch, stirring for 15min, sequentially adding glycerol and glyceryl monostearate into the blending solution, and continuing stirring for 1h until the mixture is uniformly mixed to obtain a coating solution;
step five, enveloping treatment: and uniformly spraying the coating liquid on the mixed particles in the rotary drum by using a high-pressure spray gun, and then drying the mixture in a tunnel drying device at 40 ℃ for 2-4 hours to obtain the product.
The weathered lignite used by the invention is rich in microbial nutrients such as humic acid and organic nitrogen and growth promoting elements, but the content of humic acid is higher and can reach 80%. Humic acid substances contain more active functional groups such as methoxy, carboxyl, phenolic hydroxyl, quinone groups and the like, have stronger adsorption performance and bioactivity, and are natural microbial culture media. In addition, the strength and hardness of the weathered lignite are low, the weathered lignite is convenient to process into powder, and the weathered lignite is good in moisture absorption, low in content of easily hydrolyzed substances and stable in property; the capillary pores of the fine pore silica gel have good air permeability and adsorptivity and strong water absorption and retention, can provide a proper growth environment for microorganisms, the main component of the fine pore silica gel is silicon element and has the effect of promoting plant photosynthesis, therefore, the biomass particles fixed with the microorganisms are wrapped by matching the weathered lignite and the fine pore silica gel through a starch adhesive, proper conditions can be provided for the microorganisms, the activity of the microorganisms is effectively ensured, the microorganisms can be gradually released into soil after application, the released microorganisms can rapidly grow and reproduce, the soil environment is improved, and the nutrient absorption of crops is promoted.
According to the invention, the urea and the urea-formaldehyde are used in a matched manner, the urea provides a rapid nitrogen source for the initial growth stage of crops, the slow release effect of the urea-formaldehyde is combined with the slow release performance of the attapulgite, the time for supplying nitrogen fertilizer in the later stage is greatly prolonged, the nutrient supply of the whole growth cycle of the crops is ensured, and the crop yield is improved. The polyaspartic acid is added as a synergist, so that the fertilizer loss can be reduced, nutrient elements can be activated, the utilization rate of the fertilizer can be improved, the absorption of crops on trace elements such as iron, zinc, manganese and the like can be promoted, the polyaspartic acid and the used microorganisms can be cooperated to promote the growth of root systems, and the stress resistance can be enhanced. The urea exists in molecular state when being applied to soil, the absorption of crops to the molecular urea is very little, and the urea molecule adsorption capacity of soil particles is very weak, so that a large amount of urea nutrient is lost, therefore, the invention adds the lignin as a fertilizer synergist, the lignin is a polycyclic and three-dimensional reticular polymer organic matter, the molecule has 1/3 free phenolic hydroxyl and catechol radical, the chelating property is very strong, and the lignin can form various chelates and complexes with metal ions, thereby having the slow release characteristic. Cooperating with humic acid wrapping biomass particles and after hydrolyzing with ureaNH product of (A)4 +After contact, the contact is preformed into a geometric shape by covalent bond, the contact is fixed, and the contact is released again when the crops need.
The attapulgite used in the invention is a natural non-metal clay mineral, has the structure of layers, chains and fibrous crystals, is rich in nano-scale hole channels, has physical and chemical properties similar to those of a super-adsorption material, comprises larger specific surface area, good adsorbability, suspension property, slow release property, dispersibility and ion exchange property, has stronger water absorbability and water retentivity, is viscous and plastic when being wetted, has small drying shrinkage and does not generate cracks, and is also rich in trace elements required by plant growth, such as Si, Al, Mg, Fe, K, Ca and Mn.
The bacteria-containing concentrated solution used in the invention not only contains the composite microbial bacteria solution, but also contains the yeast waste liquid which can provide nutrition for the microorganisms, and biomass particles are selected as carriers of the microorganisms, because the biomass particles are cheap and easy to obtain, and have good mechanical stability, microbial affinity and adsorption performance, and nutrient components in the yeast waste liquid are also adsorbed by the biomass particles while the biomass particles physically adsorb and fix the microorganisms, so that the nutrition supply of the life activities of the microorganisms at the later stage is ensured, and the survival rate and the metabolic activity of the microorganisms are increased; in addition, the biomass particles can also avoid the damage to microbial thalli in the production process, so that the microbial strains can keep high survival rate. After the fertilizer is applied to soil, the biomass particles can quickly adsorb water and organic matters in the soil for the use of microorganisms, thereby being beneficial to improving the activity of the microorganisms and promoting the life activities of the microorganisms.
The bacillus megaterium and the bacillus mucilaginosus have good effect of degrading organic phosphorus in soil, can propagate and grow in soil, generate metabolic products such as organic acid, capsular polysaccharide and the like, destroy the lattice structure of aluminosilicate, insoluble phosphorus compounds and the like, decompose and release soluble phosphorus and potassium elements and medium and trace elements such as calcium, sulfur, magnesium, iron, zinc, molybdenum, manganese and the like, improve the soil fertility, simultaneously generate physiological active substances such as gibberellin, cytokinin, microbial enzyme, bacterial polysaccharide and the like, and promote nutrient absorption and growth metabolism of crops.
The invention adopts a multiple controlled release method, firstly, urea and slow release fertilizer urea formaldehyde are used in a matching way, then, the slow release treatment is carried out on the urea and the slow release fertilizer urea formaldehyde by using attapulgite, and then, the slow release is carried out by a polyvinyl alcohol-starch film added with montmorillonite, thereby realizing the multi-step controllable release of nutrients. In addition, the blending membrane has huge surface area, is beneficial to adsorption of water molecules, can effectively inhibit water evaporation, has good water retention capacity, and simultaneously has super strong cation exchange performance of montmorillonite, so that the blending membrane has higher ion tolerance, and avoids the phenomenon of 'seedling burning' caused by overhigh electrolyte concentration after the fertilizer is applied.
The compound microorganism bacterium liquid used in the invention is obtained by separately fermenting purple photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium and bacillus mucilaginosus and mixing the fermented bacterium liquids, and the effective viable count is more than or equal to 2 multiplied by 109cfu/g. In the preparation process of the fertilizer, the fertilizer is physically adsorbed to biomass particles for combination, and then a layer of weathered lignite is coated on the surface of the fertilizer, so that the loss of strains in the production and transportation processes is prevented, the influence of the external environment on the activity of microorganisms is greatly weakened, and the activity maintenance of the microorganisms is facilitated; after the fertilizer is applied to soil, the blend film material and the porous silica gel have super-strong water absorption capacity, and can promote the released microorganisms to rapidly propagate, so that the root system environment of plants can be improved, the indissolvable nutrient elements such as potassium, phosphorus, magnesium and the like can be promoted to be converted into soluble nutrients, the nutrient absorption of the crop plants is promoted, and the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the high-biological-activity slow release fertilizer provided by the invention, the microbial agent is fixed by a 'two-step fixing method', the microbial agent is fixed on a biomass carrier at first to prevent the microbial strains from losing, the biomass adsorption yeast waste liquid is used as a strain to store nutrient substances in the fixing process, and then the starch adhesive, weathered lignite and fine-pore silica gel are used for wrapping biomass particles, so that the high-biological-activity slow release fertilizer not only plays a role of fixing the microbial agent, but also can play a role of maintaining the high activity and slow release of the microbial agent, and the problems that the microbial fertilizer strains are few, the microbial activity is easily influenced by the environment in the production and use processes, the strains are easily lost, the slow release cannot be realized and the like are solved;
(2) according to the invention, urea and urea formaldehyde are subjected to three steps of synergist wrapping, attapulgite wrapping and coating treatment, so that multiple controllable release of nitrogen is realized, nutrients which are suitable for different nutrient demands of crops in different growth stages are provided through slow release of microorganisms and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and trace elements generated by life activities of the microorganisms, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved, plants cannot be burnt or normal growth of the crops is not influenced due to excessive absorption of nitrogen when the fertilizer is applied as a base fertilizer in a large amount at one time, sufficient nutrient supply of the whole growth cycle of the crops is ensured, and yield and harvest are increased;
(3) the coating material used in the invention has good film forming property and toughness, the glycerol monostearate is used as an emulsifier, so that polyvinyl alcohol and starch are tightly combined, montmorillonite can be uniformly dispersed in the composite film, the water resistance of the composite film is improved, the mechanical property and the thermal stability of the composite film can be effectively improved, the corn starch is rich in source, low in price, renewable and high in degradation speed, the glycerol used as a plasticizer has good plasticity after plasticizing, the operation is simple, the equipment cost is low, the film can be biodegraded, has obvious price advantage, has good water absorption and retention effects while exerting the slow release effect, is easy to degrade, and can not cause secondary pollution.
Detailed Description
To further illustrate the technical measures taken by the present invention and the effects thereof, the following detailed description is given with reference to preferred embodiments of the present invention.
Example 1
A high-bioactivity slow release fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 7 parts of lignin, 1.5 parts of polyaspartic acid, 0.2 part of carboxymethyl cellulose, 8 parts of urea, 10 parts of urea formaldehyde, 4 parts of attapulgite, 4 parts of montmorillonite, 10 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 3 parts of corn starch, 5 parts of a plasticizer, 1 part of an emulsifier, 6 parts of weathered lignite, 2 parts of fine-pore silica gel, 6 parts of biomass particles, 1 part of a bacterium-containing concentrated solution and 3 parts of a starch adhesive.
Furthermore, the biomass particles are obtained by crushing crop straws and wood chips, and the particle size is 1.0-2.0 mm.
Further, the bacteria-containing concentrated solution is obtained by uniformly stirring 30 mass percent of yeast waste liquid and 2 mass percent of composite microbial liquid, wherein the composite microbial liquid is obtained by separately fermenting purple photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium and bacillus mucilaginosus, and the fermented liquid is mixed, and the effective viable count is more than or equal to 2 multiplied by 109cfu/g。
Further, the plasticizer is glycerol, and the emulsifier is glyceryl monostearate.
A preparation method of a high-bioactivity slow release fertilizer comprises the following steps:
step one, fixing the microorganisms: adding biomass particles into the bacteria-containing concentrated solution according to the proportion of 30g/L, carrying out shake culture in a constant-temperature shaking table at the temperature of 30 ℃ until the stable period, discarding the supernatant, washing with sterile water, and draining nylon gauze to obtain the physical adsorption immobilized microorganism; pouring the mixture into a rotary drum granulator, spraying a starch adhesive, adding weathered lignite and pore silica gel, and finishing the coating;
step two, coating the synergist and the attapulgite: putting urea and urea-formaldehyde into a rotary drum granulator, heating to 30-35 ℃, keeping for 20-50 min, starting the rotary drum, spraying a starch adhesive, uniformly mixing lignin, polyaspartic acid and carboxymethyl cellulose, adding, spraying the starch adhesive again after the coating is finished, and adding attapulgite until the coating is finished;
step three, preparing a mixed material: pouring the biomass particles coated with the weathered lignite prepared in the step one and the fertilizer particles coated with the attapulgite prepared in the step two into a rotating drum of a drum granulator, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed material for later use;
step four, preparing the coating liquid: weighing montmorillonite, adding deionized water, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 10min to obtain a montmorillonite suspension with the concentration of 1%, adding polyvinyl alcohol into the montmorillonite suspension according to a formula proportion, stirring, dissolving in a 90 ℃ water bath for 30min, then mixing with pregelatinized corn starch, stirring for 15min, sequentially adding glycerol and glyceryl monostearate into the blending solution, and continuing stirring for 1h until the mixture is uniformly mixed to obtain a coating solution;
step five, enveloping treatment: and uniformly spraying the coating liquid on the mixed particles in the rotary drum by using a high-pressure spray gun, and then drying the mixture in a tunnel drying device at 40 ℃ for 2-4 hours to obtain the product.
Example 2
A high-bioactivity slow release fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 9 parts of lignin, 2.5 parts of polyaspartic acid, 0.4 part of carboxymethyl cellulose, 12 parts of urea, 15 parts of urea formaldehyde, 7 parts of attapulgite, 6 parts of montmorillonite, 13 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 5 parts of corn starch, 8 parts of a plasticizer, 1.5 parts of an emulsifier, 14 parts of weathered lignite, 3.5 parts of fine-pore silica gel, 12 parts of biomass particles, 3 parts of a bacterium-containing concentrated solution and 5 parts of a starch adhesive.
Furthermore, the biomass particles are obtained by crushing crop straws and wood chips, and the particle size is 1.0-2.0 mm.
Further, the bacteria-containing concentrated solution is obtained by uniformly stirring 30 mass percent of yeast waste liquid and 2 mass percent of composite microbial liquid, wherein the composite microbial liquid is obtained by separately fermenting purple photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium and bacillus mucilaginosus, and the fermented liquid is mixed, and the effective viable count is more than or equal to 2 multiplied by 109cfu/g。
Further, the plasticizer is glycerol, and the emulsifier is glyceryl monostearate.
A preparation method of a high-bioactivity slow release fertilizer comprises the following steps:
step one, fixing the microorganisms: adding biomass particles into the bacteria-containing concentrated solution according to the proportion of 30g/L, carrying out shake culture in a constant-temperature shaking table at the temperature of 30 ℃ until the stable period, discarding the supernatant, washing with sterile water, and draining nylon gauze to obtain the physical adsorption immobilized microorganism; pouring the mixture into a rotary drum granulator, spraying a starch adhesive, adding weathered lignite and pore silica gel, and finishing the coating;
step two, coating the synergist and the attapulgite: putting urea and urea-formaldehyde into a rotary drum granulator, heating to 30-35 ℃, keeping for 20-50 min, starting the rotary drum, spraying a starch adhesive, uniformly mixing lignin, polyaspartic acid and carboxymethyl cellulose, adding, spraying the starch adhesive again after the coating is finished, and adding attapulgite until the coating is finished;
step three, preparing a mixed material: pouring the biomass particles coated with the weathered lignite prepared in the step one and the fertilizer particles coated with the attapulgite prepared in the step two into a rotating drum of a drum granulator, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed material for later use;
step four, preparing the coating liquid: weighing montmorillonite, adding deionized water, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 10min to obtain a montmorillonite suspension with the concentration of 1%, adding polyvinyl alcohol into the montmorillonite suspension according to a formula proportion, stirring, dissolving in a 90 ℃ water bath for 30min, then mixing with pregelatinized corn starch, stirring for 15min, sequentially adding glycerol and glyceryl monostearate into the blending solution, and continuing stirring for 1h until the mixture is uniformly mixed to obtain a coating solution;
step five, enveloping treatment: and uniformly spraying the coating liquid on the mixed particles in the rotary drum by using a high-pressure spray gun, and then drying the mixture in a tunnel drying device at 40 ℃ for 2-4 hours to obtain the product.
Example 3
A high-bioactivity slow release fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 13 parts of lignin, 3 parts of polyaspartic acid, 0.6 part of carboxymethyl cellulose, 15 parts of urea, 20 parts of urea formaldehyde, 10 parts of attapulgite, 9 parts of montmorillonite, 15 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 6 parts of corn starch, 10 parts of a plasticizer, 2 parts of an emulsifier, 17 parts of weathered lignite, 5 parts of fine-pore silica gel, 15 parts of biomass particles, 5 parts of a bacterium-containing concentrated solution and 7 parts of a starch adhesive.
Furthermore, the biomass particles are obtained by crushing crop straws and wood chips, and the particle size is 1.0-2.0 mm.
Further, the bacterium-containing concentrated solution is obtained by uniformly stirring 30 mass percent of yeast waste liquid and 2 mass percent of composite microorganism bacterium solution, wherein the composite microorganism isThe bacterial liquid is prepared by separately fermenting purple photosynthetic bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus mucilaginosus, and mixing the fermented bacterial liquids, and the effective viable count is not less than 2 × 109cfu/g。
Further, the plasticizer is glycerol, and the emulsifier is glyceryl monostearate.
A preparation method of a high-bioactivity slow release fertilizer comprises the following steps:
step one, fixing the microorganisms: adding biomass particles into the bacteria-containing concentrated solution according to the proportion of 30g/L, carrying out shake culture in a constant-temperature shaking table at the temperature of 30 ℃ until the stable period, discarding the supernatant, washing with sterile water, and draining nylon gauze to obtain the physical adsorption immobilized microorganism; pouring the mixture into a rotary drum granulator, spraying a starch adhesive, adding weathered lignite and pore silica gel, and finishing the coating;
step two, coating the synergist and the attapulgite: putting urea and urea-formaldehyde into a rotary drum granulator, heating to 30-35 ℃, keeping for 20-50 min, starting the rotary drum, spraying a starch adhesive, uniformly mixing lignin, polyaspartic acid and carboxymethyl cellulose, adding, spraying the starch adhesive again after the coating is finished, and adding attapulgite until the coating is finished;
step three, preparing a mixed material: pouring the biomass particles coated with the weathered lignite prepared in the step one and the fertilizer particles coated with the attapulgite prepared in the step two into a rotating drum of a drum granulator, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed material for later use;
step four, preparing the coating liquid: weighing montmorillonite, adding deionized water, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 10min to obtain a montmorillonite suspension with the concentration of 1%, adding polyvinyl alcohol into the montmorillonite suspension according to a formula proportion, stirring, dissolving in a 90 ℃ water bath for 30min, then mixing with pregelatinized corn starch, stirring for 15min, sequentially adding glycerol and glyceryl monostearate into the blending solution, and continuing stirring for 1h until the mixture is uniformly mixed to obtain a coating solution;
step five, enveloping treatment: and uniformly spraying the coating liquid on the mixed particles in the rotary drum by using a high-pressure spray gun, and then drying the mixture in a tunnel drying device at 40 ℃ for 2-4 hours to obtain the product.
The results of testing the number of effective viable bacteria released per unit mass of the product after 6 months of storage of the product obtained in examples 1 to 3 are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 effective viable cell count released by the products obtained in examples 1-3
| Item | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 |
| Effective viable count (cfu/g) | 7.8×108 | 8.6×108 | 8.3×108 |
The products obtained in examples 1 to 3 were immersed in water at 20 ℃ for 72 hours, and the nitrogen release amount per unit mass of the product was measured, and a control test was performed using urea under the same conditions, and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 Urea, Nitrogen release of products obtained in examples 1 to 3
| Item | Urea | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 |
| Nitrogen release amount | 89％ | 79％ | 73％ | 77％ |
Comparative example 1
Example 2 was followed, except that the bacteria-containing concentrate was not contained, i.e., the biomass particles used had no microorganisms immobilized thereon.
Comparative example 2
The same procedure as in example 2 was repeated except that the coating composition contained no attapulgite, that is, the coating composition was coated with the synergist in the second step.
Comparative example 3
Except that no montmorillonite is contained, namely no montmorillonite is added in the preparation process of the gel powder in the step three, and the rest is the same as the example 2.
Field test
Summary of the test: the test land is arranged in the town of yellow shop in the Miyauz county, Zhengzhou, Henan province, and plots with sufficient illumination, smooth terrain and moderate soil fertility are selected as the test land, and the previous crops are wheat. The soil pH6.7, the organic matter 18.6g/kg, the total nitrogen 0.7g/kg, the nitrate nitrogen 11mg/kg, the available phosphorus 23mg/kg and the quick-acting potassium 93 mg/kg.
Test materials: the crop is corn, variety Zhengdan 985.
The test method comprises the following steps: dividing the test field into two groups of ten blocks, numbering five blocks in each group, and numbering the blocks with the area of 50m2Planting corn in the mode of applying urea; ② applying the product provided by the embodiment 2; ③ applying the product provided in comparative example 1; (iv) application comparative example 2A product of the supply; the product provided in comparative example 3 was applied. Seeding is carried out 6 months and 3 days in 2017, and harvesting is carried out 24 days in 9 months. And (3) measuring the plant height, stem thickness, ear length, ear thickness, ear row number and thousand kernel weight of the two groups of corns in the harvest period, measuring and calculating the acre yield, and taking an average value.
The effect of different treatments on the biological traits and yield of maize are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 biological traits and yields of different treated maize
As can be seen from Table 3, the biological properties of the serial numbers (c), (c) and (c) are obviously superior to the effect of the serial numbers (c) directly treated by urea, and the difference is extremely obvious, which shows that the effect of slow release on the properties of the corn is obvious. No. III does not contain a bacterium-containing concentrated solution, and each character is obviously poorer than that of the product obtained in the No. 2, namely, the treatment effect is poor, which shows that the microorganism plays an important role in improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer and promoting the growth of crops; no. 4, the slow release effect is inferior to that of the example 2 because the attapulgite is not contained, and all the biological properties of the corn are deteriorated; no. v contains no montmorillonite, and each biological character shows that the composite membrane is reduced compared with the example 2, because the mechanical strength, the water absorption and retention property and the slow release effect of the composite membrane without montmorillonite are all weaker than those of the example 2.
The nitrogen nutrient absorption and nitrogen fertilizer utilization are shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 Nitrogen nutrient absorption and nitrogen fertilizer utilization
As can be seen from Table 4, the differences of the nitrogen absorption and the utilization rate of different fertilization treatments are obvious, the two indexes of the No. II reach 2.52kg and 58.25 percent respectively, the minimum nitrogen absorption of the No. I direct urea application treatment is 1.48kg, the utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer is only 29.11 percent, and the nitrogen absorption and the utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer of the No. III to No. V are obviously higher than those of the No. I, which indicates that the nitrogen absorption and the utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer can be effectively improved by the slow release treatment. No. three contains no concentrated solution containing bacteria, the nitrogen absorption and the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate are obviously lower than No. two, because the added photosynthetic bacteria can increase the biological nitrogen fixation effect, the rhizosphere nitrogen fixation effect is improved, the soil fertility is enhanced, the bacillus subtilis can inhibit the growth and the reproduction of pathogenic bacteria, the antibacterial and disease-preventing effects are achieved, the humification of the nutrient can be accelerated, the growth of the corn root system is promoted, the water and the fertilizer are preserved, the fertilizer utilization rate is improved, the bacillus megaterium and the bacillus mucilaginosus have good effects of degrading organic phosphorus and organic potassium in the soil. No. IV does not contain attapulgite, and the nitrogen absorption amount and the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate are slightly lower than those of No. II, because the attapulgite plays an important role in the package of urea and urea-formaldehyde, and the effect of the slow release stage is poor because the attapulgite does not contain the attapulgite. No. V does not contain montmorillonite, the slow release effect of the composite membrane is weakened, and the nitrogen absorption amount and the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate are reduced compared with the No. 2, namely the embodiment 2.
In conclusion, the high-bioactivity slow release fertilizer provided by the invention has the advantages of large microbial strain number and high survival rate, and can quickly form a probiotic environment in soil after being applied, promote the formation of a granular structure, improve the fertilizer and water retention capacity of the soil, and increase the soil looseness and the root growth of the soil by using the biomass particles. The invention can realize multiple controllable release of fertilizer efficiency, the components have synergistic effect, the demand of nitrogen and other nutrient components which are different from the demand of nitrogen and other nutrient components of crops in different growth stages are provided, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved, the water absorption and retention are good, the irrigation water consumption can be reduced, the input cost is reduced, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are not required to be additionally added, phosphorus, potassium and other medium trace elements in soil are activated by microorganisms for being absorbed and utilized by crops, compared with the commercially available biological fertilizer, the microbial inoculum can be slowly released, the microbial inoculum is not easy to inactivate and run off, the fertilizer efficiency and the water retention are good, the crop yield can be improved, and the disease resistance of crops can be improved.
The above description is only for the specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and other modifications or equivalent substitutions made by the technical solution of the present invention by the ordinary skilled in the art should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The high-bioactivity slow release fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 7-13 parts of lignin, 1.5-3 parts of polyaspartic acid, 0.2-0.6 part of carboxymethyl cellulose, 8-15 parts of urea, 10-20 parts of urea formaldehyde, 4-10 parts of attapulgite, 4-9 parts of montmorillonite, 10-15 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 3-6 parts of corn starch, 5-10 parts of a plasticizer, 1-2 parts of an emulsifier, 6-17 parts of weathered lignite, 2-5 parts of fine-pore silica gel, 6-15 parts of biomass particles, 1-5 parts of a bacteria-containing concentrated solution and 3-7 parts of a starch adhesive; the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, fixing the microorganisms: adding biomass particles into the bacteria-containing concentrated solution according to the proportion of 30g/L, carrying out shake culture in a constant-temperature shaking table at the temperature of 30 ℃ until the stable period, discarding the supernatant, washing with sterile water, and draining nylon gauze to obtain the physical adsorption immobilized microorganism; pouring the mixture into a rotary drum granulator, spraying a starch adhesive, adding weathered lignite and pore silica gel, and finishing the coating;
step two, coating the synergist and the attapulgite: putting urea and urea-formaldehyde into a rotary drum granulator, heating to 30-35 ℃, keeping for 20-50 min, starting the rotary drum, spraying a starch adhesive, uniformly mixing lignin, polyaspartic acid and carboxymethyl cellulose, adding, spraying the starch adhesive again after the coating is finished, and adding attapulgite until the coating is finished;
step three, preparing a mixed material: pouring the biomass particles coated with the weathered lignite prepared in the step one and the fertilizer particles coated with the attapulgite prepared in the step two into a rotating drum of a drum granulator, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed material for later use;
step four, preparing the coating liquid: weighing montmorillonite, adding deionized water, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 10min to obtain a montmorillonite suspension with the concentration of 1%, adding polyvinyl alcohol into the montmorillonite suspension according to a formula proportion, stirring, dissolving in a 90 ℃ water bath for 30min, then mixing with pregelatinized corn starch, stirring for 15min, sequentially adding glycerol and glyceryl monostearate into the blending solution, and continuing stirring for 1h until the mixture is uniformly mixed to obtain a coating solution;
step five, enveloping treatment: and uniformly spraying the coating liquid on the mixed particles in the rotary drum by using a high-pressure spray gun, and then drying the mixture in a tunnel drying device at 40 ℃ for 2-4 hours to obtain the product.
2. The high-bioactivity slow-release fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the biomass particles are obtained by crushing crop straws and wood chips, and have a particle size of 1.0-2.0 mm.
3. The high-bioactivity slow-release fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the bacteria-containing concentrated solution is obtained by uniformly stirring 30 mass percent of yeast waste liquid and 2 mass percent of composite microbial liquid, wherein the composite microbial liquid is prepared by separately fermenting purple photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium and bacillus mucilaginosus, and mixing fermented liquid, and the effective viable count is more than or equal to 2 x 109 cfu/g。
4. The slow release fertilizer with high bioactivity as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plasticizer is glycerol and the emulsifier is glycerol monostearate.
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