CN109516838B - Water-retention synergistic compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Water-retention synergistic compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN109516838B
CN109516838B CN201910093801.XA CN201910093801A CN109516838B CN 109516838 B CN109516838 B CN 109516838B CN 201910093801 A CN201910093801 A CN 201910093801A CN 109516838 B CN109516838 B CN 109516838B
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compound fertilizer
water
fertilizer
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CN109516838A (en
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韩亚博
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INNER MONGOLIA MENGRAN BIOTECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd.
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Inner Mongolia Mengran Biotechnology Co ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
    • C05F11/02—Other organic fertilisers from peat, brown coal, and similar vegetable deposits
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
    • C05F11/08—Organic fertilisers containing added bacterial cultures, mycelia or the like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
    • Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures

Abstract

The invention discloses a water-retention synergistic compound fertilizer which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.2-0.6 part of nano carbon, 0.1-0.3 part of gamma-polyglutamic acid, 0.2-0.6 part of carboxymethyl cellulose, 6-17 parts of humic acid powder, 25-38 parts of common compound fertilizer, 4-10 parts of montmorillonite, 3-7 parts of acrylic acid, 12-18 parts of xanthan gum, 0.01-0.02 part of cross-linking agent, 0.005-0.01 part of initiator, 6-15 parts of rice hull biomass carbon, 1-5 parts of bacteria-containing concentrated solution and 5-8 parts of starch adhesive. The invention also provides a preparation method of the water-retaining synergistic compound fertilizer, the compound fertilizer is prepared by three-layer wrapping, coating is not needed, the preparation is simple, the cost is low, the water absorption and retention properties are good, multiple controllable release of fertilizer efficiency can be realized, the number of microbial strains is large, the survival rate is high, the soil fertilizer and water retention capacity is improved, and the disease resistance of crops can also be improved.

Description

Water-retention synergistic compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, in particular to a water-retention synergistic compound fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The compound fertilizer is a fertilizer containing two or more of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in one fertilizer. The compound fertilizer has comprehensive nutrients, high content, good physical properties and convenient application; the mixture ratio is various, which is beneficial to targeted selection and application; the cost is reduced, the expenditure is saved, and the like.
Microbial fertilizers are mainly completed by the life activities of a large number of beneficial microorganisms contained in the microbial fertilizer. At present, the microbial fertilizer in China is developed quickly, the variety is increased continuously, but the microbial fertilizer has the defects of unstable fertilizer efficiency, easy influence of environmental factors and the like. The addition of microorganisms mostly stays in the direct addition of microbial powder, microbial strains are exposed in the external environment and are easily inactivated by the influence of temperature, pH and salt in the production and use processes, and in addition, the powder and granular fertilizer are easy to run off when being applied together and cannot be effectively combined with soil, so that the number of viable bacteria of the biological microbial inoculum actually entering the soil is small or the activity of the biological microbial inoculum is too low, and the due efficacy of the biological microbial inoculum cannot be exerted.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the existing microbial fertilizer, the invention provides the synergistic compound fertilizer which has high microbial activity, is not easy to lose and does not produce secondary pollution.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a water-retention synergistic compound fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.2-0.6 part of nano carbon, 0.1-0.3 part of gamma-polyglutamic acid, 0.2-0.6 part of carboxymethyl cellulose, 6-17 parts of humic acid powder, 25-38 parts of common compound fertilizer, 4-10 parts of montmorillonite, 3-7 parts of acrylic acid, 12-18 parts of xanthan gum, 0.01-0.02 part of cross-linking agent, 0.005-0.01 part of initiator, 6-15 parts of rice hull biomass carbon, 1-5 parts of bacteria-containing concentrated solution and 5-8 parts of starch adhesive.
Further, the biomass charcoal is prepared by doping a proper amount of montmorillonite into rice hulls and performing pyrolysis at 500 ℃ under an anoxic condition, and the particle size is 1.0-2.0 mm.
Further, the bacteria-containing concentrated solution is obtained by uniformly stirring 30 mass percent of yeast waste liquid and 2 mass percent of composite microbial liquid, wherein the composite microbial liquid is obtained by separately fermenting purple photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium and bacillus mucilaginosus, and the fermented liquid is mixed, and the effective viable count is more than or equal to 2 multiplied by 109cfu/g。
Further, the cross-linking agent is N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide, and the initiator is ammonium persulfate.
A preparation method of a water-retention synergistic compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
step one, fixing the microorganisms: adding rice hull biomass charcoal into the bacteria-containing concentrated solution according to the proportion of 30g/L, carrying out shake culture in a constant-temperature shaking table at the temperature of 30 ℃ until the stable period, discarding the supernatant, washing with sterile water, and draining nylon gauze to obtain the physical adsorption biomass charcoal; spreading the physical adsorption biomass charcoal into a thin layer, incubating for 2h in methyl orthosilicate atmosphere at the temperature of 30 ℃ under a closed condition to obtain silica gel biomass charcoal, taking out, and standing for later use at the temperature of 4 ℃;
step two, coating the synergist and the humic acid: putting a common compound fertilizer into a drum granulator, heating to 30-35 ℃, keeping for 20-50 min, starting a drum, spraying a starch adhesive, uniformly mixing nano carbon, gamma-polyglutamic acid and carboxymethyl cellulose, adding, spraying the starch adhesive again after the coating is finished, and adding humic acid powder until the coating is finished;
step three, preparing gel powder: adding acrylic acid into a reactor, adjusting the neutralization degree to 70% by using alkali liquor, adding xanthan gum, heating to 75 ℃ under stirring, adding an initiator and a cross-linking agent, adding montmorillonite, reacting for 2 hours to obtain a product, removing the excessive initiator and the excessive cross-linking agent, drying in vacuum, and crushing to obtain gel powder;
step four, wrapping with gel powder: and (3) pouring the compound fertilizer wrapped with the humic acid powder in the step two and the silica gel biomass charcoal obtained in the step one into a drum granulator, uniformly mixing, starting a drum, spraying a starch adhesive, adding the gel powder prepared in the step three, and uniformly wrapping to obtain the synergistic compound fertilizer.
The bacteria-containing concentrated solution used in the invention not only contains the composite microbial bacteria solution, but also contains yeast waste liquid capable of providing nutrition for microorganisms, rice hull biomass charcoal is selected as a carrier of the microorganisms, montmorillonite is added as a catalyst during carbonization, lignin can be promoted to be completely carbonized, and the generation amount of reducing sugar, furfural and organic acid is reduced, so that while the rice hull biomass charcoal physically adsorbs and fixes the microorganisms, the nutrient components in the yeast waste liquid are also adsorbed by the biomass charcoal, and the nutrition supply of the later-stage microorganism life activities is ensured; in addition, the porous structure of the rice hull biomass carbon can also avoid damage of methyl orthosilicate to microbial thalli in the process of silica gel solidification, so that microbial strains can keep high survival rate. After the compound fertilizer is applied to soil, the rice hull biomass charcoal can rapidly adsorb water and organic matters in the soil for the use of microorganisms, thereby being beneficial to improving the activity of the microorganisms and promoting the life activities of the microorganisms.
The nanocarbon and the gamma-polyglutamic acid used in the invention are wrapped on the surface of the compound fertilizer through the bonding effect of the carboxymethyl cellulose and the starch adhesive, and after the nanocarbon and the gamma-polyglutamic acid meet water, a gel film is formed under the film forming effect of the carboxymethyl cellulose, so that the slow-release regulation effect on the release of nutrients in the compound fertilizer is achieved. Humic acid is a trace element complexing agent, can enrich trace elements in soil for crops to absorb, can prevent the compound fertilizer release process from causing adverse effects on the microbial activity in the biomass charcoal, and the humic acid coated outside the compound fertilizer not only has a slow release effect on the nutrient release of the internal compound fertilizer, but also can be used as a nutrient release agentIs used as nutrient for microorganisms. The urea exists in molecular state when applied to soil, the absorption of molecular urea by crops is very little, the capability of soil particles for adsorbing urea molecules is very weak, so that a great amount of urea nutrients are lost, and humic acid and product NH after urea hydrolysis can be generated4 +After contact, the contact is preformed into a geometric shape by covalent bond, the contact is fixed, and the contact is released again when the crops need.
The invention adopts a multiple controlled release method, firstly uses humic acid to carry out controlled release treatment on the compound fertilizer, and then wraps a layer of xanthan gum-montmorillonite gel powder, thereby having better controlled release characteristic. In addition, the coating is rough and loose, has huge surface area, is beneficial to the adsorption of water molecules, can effectively inhibit the evaporation of water and has good water retention capacity. Meanwhile, the montmorillonite has super strong cation exchange performance, so that the gel has higher ion tolerance, and the phenomenon of seedling burning caused by overhigh electrolyte concentration after the compound fertilizer is applied is avoided.
The compound microorganism bacterium liquid used in the invention is obtained by separately fermenting purple photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium and bacillus mucilaginosus and mixing the fermented bacterium liquids, and the effective viable count is more than or equal to 2 multiplied by 109cfu/g. In the preparation process of the compound fertilizer, the compound fertilizer is physically adsorbed to rice hull biomass carbon to be combined, and then a layer of gel powder is coated on the surface of the compound fertilizer, so that loss of strains in the production and transportation processes is prevented, the influence of the external environment on the activity of microorganisms is greatly weakened, and the activity maintenance of the microorganisms is facilitated; the biomass charcoal provides a suitable place for the survival and propagation of microorganisms, after the compound fertilizer is applied to soil, the gel powder has super-strong water absorption capacity and can promote the microorganisms to propagate rapidly, and the xanthan gum serving as polysaccharide can be directly utilized by the microorganisms, so that the root system environment of plants can be improved, the absorption of crop plants to nutrients is promoted, and the utilization rate of the fertilizer is increased.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the water-retaining synergistic compound fertilizer provided by the invention, microbial strains are fixed on the rice hull biomass charcoal carrier through a two-step fixing method, so that the microbial strains are prevented from losing, and the biomass charcoal is used for adsorbing yeast waste liquid in the fixing process to store nutrient substances for strains, so that the problems that the microbial fertilizer strains are small in quantity, the microbial activity is easily influenced by the environment in the production and use processes, the strains are easily lost and the like are solved;
(2) according to the invention, the compound fertilizer is wrapped by three steps of synergist wrapping, humic acid wrapping and gel powder wrapping, so that multiple controllable release of fertilizer efficiency is realized, nutrients adaptive to different nutrient demands of crops in different growth stages are provided, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved, sufficient nutrient supply of the crops in the whole growth period is ensured, and yield and harvest are increased;
(3) according to the invention, the gel powder is directly wrapped outside the synergistic compound fertilizer through the bonding effect of the starch adhesive, compared with a coating process, the operation is simple, the equipment cost is low, the granulation property is good, the gel powder is not easy to break and disperse, the water absorption and retention effects are good while the slow release effect is exerted, the degradation is easy, and the secondary pollution is avoided.
Detailed Description
To further illustrate the technical measures taken by the present invention and the effects thereof, the following detailed description is given with reference to preferred embodiments of the present invention.
Example 1
A water-retention synergistic compound fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.2 part of nano carbon, 0.1 part of gamma-polyglutamic acid, 0.2 part of carboxymethyl cellulose, 6 parts of humic acid powder, 25 parts of common compound fertilizer, 4 parts of montmorillonite, 3 parts of acrylic acid, 12 parts of xanthan gum, 0.01 part of cross-linking agent, 0.005 part of initiator, 6 parts of rice hull biomass carbon, 1 part of bacteria-containing concentrated solution and 5 parts of starch adhesive.
Further, the common compound fertilizer comprises 20 parts of urea, 10 parts of monoammonium phosphate and 8 parts of potassium sulfate.
Further, the biomass carbon is prepared by pyrolysis of rice hulls at 500 ℃ under an anoxic condition, and the particle size is 1.0-2.0 mm.
Further, the bacteria-containing concentrated solution is obtained by uniformly stirring 30 mass percent of yeast waste liquid and 2 mass percent of composite microbial liquid, wherein the composite microbial liquid is obtained by separately fermenting purple photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium and bacillus mucilaginosus, and the fermented liquid is mixed, and the effective viable count is more than or equal to 2 multiplied by 109cfu/g。
Further, the cross-linking agent is N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide, and the initiator is ammonium persulfate.
A preparation method of a water-retention synergistic compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
step one, fixing the microorganisms: adding rice hull biomass charcoal into the bacteria-containing concentrated solution according to the proportion of 30g/L, carrying out shake culture in a constant-temperature shaking table at the temperature of 30 ℃ until the stable period, discarding the supernatant, washing with sterile water, and draining nylon gauze to obtain the physical adsorption biomass charcoal; spreading the physical adsorption biomass charcoal into a thin layer, incubating for 2h in methyl orthosilicate atmosphere at the temperature of 30 ℃ under a closed condition to obtain silica gel biomass charcoal, taking out, and standing for later use at the temperature of 4 ℃;
step two, coating the synergist and the humic acid: putting a common compound fertilizer into a drum granulator, heating to 30-35 ℃, keeping for 20-50 min, starting a drum, spraying a starch adhesive, uniformly mixing nano carbon, gamma-polyglutamic acid and carboxymethyl cellulose, adding, spraying the starch adhesive again after the coating is finished, and adding humic acid powder until the coating is finished;
step three, preparing gel powder: adding acrylic acid into a reactor, adjusting the neutralization degree to 70% by using alkali liquor, adding xanthan gum, heating to 75 ℃ under stirring, adding an initiator and a cross-linking agent, adding montmorillonite, reacting for 2 hours to obtain a product, removing the excessive initiator and the excessive cross-linking agent, drying in vacuum, and crushing to obtain gel powder;
step four, wrapping with gel powder: and (3) pouring the compound fertilizer wrapped with the humic acid powder in the step two and the silica gel biomass charcoal obtained in the step one into a drum granulator, uniformly mixing, starting a drum, spraying a starch adhesive, adding the gel powder prepared in the step three, and uniformly wrapping to obtain the synergistic compound fertilizer.
And (3) carrying out a water absorption test and a nutrient release test on the obtained water-retaining synergistic compound fertilizer, wherein the test result shows that the distilled water absorption rate is 830g/g, and the normal saline water absorption rate is 191 g/g. The initial release rate of the nitrogenous fertilizer is 8.5 percent, the 28d cumulative release rate is 72 percent, and the 35d cumulative release rate is 86 percent; the initial release rate of the phosphate fertilizer is 7%, the cumulative release rate of 28d is 64% and the cumulative release rate of 35d is 80%; the initial release rate of the potash fertilizer is 10%, the 28d cumulative release rate is 65%, and the 35d cumulative release rate is 84%. After 6 months of storage at normal temperature, the effective viable count of 4.2 multiplied by 10 can be released8cfu/g。
Example 2
A water-retention synergistic compound fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.4 part of nano carbon, 0.2 part of gamma-polyglutamic acid, 0.4 part of carboxymethyl cellulose, 11 parts of humic acid powder, 29 parts of common compound fertilizer, 6 parts of montmorillonite, 5 parts of acrylic acid, 15 parts of xanthan gum, 0.015 part of cross-linking agent, 0.008 part of initiator, 8 parts of rice hull biomass carbon, 3 parts of bacteria-containing concentrated solution and 5-8 parts of starch adhesive.
Further, the common compound fertilizer comprises 25 parts of urea, 15 parts of monoammonium phosphate and 12 parts of potassium sulfate.
Further, the biomass carbon is prepared by pyrolysis of rice hulls at 500 ℃ under an anoxic condition, and the particle size is 1.0-2.0 mm.
Further, the bacteria-containing concentrated solution is obtained by uniformly stirring 30 mass percent of yeast waste liquid and 2 mass percent of composite microbial liquid, wherein the composite microbial liquid is obtained by separately fermenting purple photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium and bacillus mucilaginosus, and the fermented liquid is mixed, and the effective viable count is more than or equal to 2 multiplied by 109cfu/g。
Further, the cross-linking agent is N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide, and the initiator is ammonium persulfate.
A preparation method of a water-retention synergistic compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
step one, fixing the microorganisms: adding rice hull biomass charcoal into the bacteria-containing concentrated solution according to the proportion of 30g/L, carrying out shake culture in a constant-temperature shaking table at the temperature of 30 ℃ until the stable period, discarding the supernatant, washing with sterile water, and draining nylon gauze to obtain the physical adsorption biomass charcoal; spreading the physical adsorption biomass charcoal into a thin layer, incubating for 2h in methyl orthosilicate atmosphere at the temperature of 30 ℃ under a closed condition to obtain silica gel biomass charcoal, taking out, and standing for later use at the temperature of 4 ℃;
step two, coating the synergist and the humic acid: putting a common compound fertilizer into a drum granulator, heating to 30-35 ℃, keeping for 20-50 min, starting a drum, spraying a starch adhesive, uniformly mixing nano carbon, gamma-polyglutamic acid and carboxymethyl cellulose, adding, spraying the starch adhesive again after the coating is finished, and adding humic acid powder until the coating is finished;
step three, preparing gel powder: adding acrylic acid into a reactor, adjusting the neutralization degree to 70% by using alkali liquor, adding xanthan gum, heating to 75 ℃ under stirring, adding an initiator and a cross-linking agent, adding montmorillonite, reacting for 2 hours to obtain a product, removing the excessive initiator and the excessive cross-linking agent, drying in vacuum, and crushing to obtain gel powder;
step four, wrapping with gel powder: and (3) pouring the compound fertilizer wrapped with the humic acid powder in the step two and the silica gel biomass charcoal obtained in the step one into a drum granulator, uniformly mixing, starting a drum, spraying a starch adhesive, adding the gel powder prepared in the step three, and uniformly wrapping to obtain the synergistic compound fertilizer.
And (3) carrying out water absorption test and nutrient release test on the obtained water-retaining synergistic compound fertilizer, wherein the test result shows that the distilled water absorption rate is 910g/g, and the normal saline rate is 223 g/g. The initial release rate of the nitrogenous fertilizer is 8.1 percent, the cumulative release rate at 28d is 68 percent, and the cumulative release rate at 35d is 84 percent; the initial release rate of the phosphate fertilizer is 6.7 percent, the cumulative release rate of 28d is 63 percent, and the cumulative release rate of 35d is 79 percent; the initial release rate of the potash fertilizer is 9.6%, the 28d cumulative release rate is 66%, and the 35d cumulative release rate is 82%. After 6 months of storage at normal temperature, the effective viable count of 4.4 multiplied by 10 can be released8cfu/g。
Example 3
A water-retention synergistic compound fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.6 part of nano carbon, 0.3 part of gamma-polyglutamic acid, 0.6 part of carboxymethyl cellulose, 17 parts of humic acid powder, 38 parts of common compound fertilizer, 10 parts of montmorillonite, 7 parts of acrylic acid, 18 parts of xanthan gum, 0.02 part of cross-linking agent, 0.01 part of initiator, 15 parts of rice hull biomass carbon, 5 parts of bacteria-containing concentrated solution and 8 parts of starch adhesive.
Further, the common compound fertilizer comprises 35 parts of urea, 18 parts of monoammonium phosphate and 15 parts of potassium sulfate.
Further, the biomass carbon is prepared by pyrolysis of rice hulls at 500 ℃ under an anoxic condition, and the particle size is 1.0-2.0 mm.
Further, the bacteria-containing concentrated solution is obtained by uniformly stirring 30 mass percent of yeast waste liquid and 2 mass percent of composite microbial liquid, wherein the composite microbial liquid is obtained by separately fermenting purple photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium and bacillus mucilaginosus, and the fermented liquid is mixed, and the effective viable count is more than or equal to 2 multiplied by 109cfu/g。
Further, the cross-linking agent is N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide, and the initiator is ammonium persulfate.
A preparation method of a water-retention synergistic compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
step one, fixing the microorganisms: adding rice hull biomass charcoal into the bacteria-containing concentrated solution according to the proportion of 30g/L, carrying out shake culture in a constant-temperature shaking table at the temperature of 30 ℃ until the stable period, discarding the supernatant, washing with sterile water, and draining nylon gauze to obtain the physical adsorption biomass charcoal; spreading the physical adsorption biomass charcoal into a thin layer, incubating for 2h in methyl orthosilicate atmosphere at the temperature of 30 ℃ under a closed condition to obtain silica gel biomass charcoal, taking out, and standing for later use at the temperature of 4 ℃;
step two, coating the synergist and the humic acid: putting a common compound fertilizer into a drum granulator, heating to 30-35 ℃, keeping for 20-50 min, starting a drum, spraying a starch adhesive, uniformly mixing nano carbon, gamma-polyglutamic acid and carboxymethyl cellulose, adding, spraying the starch adhesive again after the coating is finished, and adding humic acid powder until the coating is finished;
step three, preparing gel powder: adding acrylic acid into a reactor, adjusting the neutralization degree to 70% by using alkali liquor, adding xanthan gum, heating to 75 ℃ under stirring, adding an initiator and a cross-linking agent, adding montmorillonite, reacting for 2 hours to obtain a product, removing the excessive initiator and the excessive cross-linking agent, drying in vacuum, and crushing to obtain gel powder;
step four, wrapping with gel powder: and (3) pouring the compound fertilizer wrapped with the humic acid powder in the step two and the silica gel biomass charcoal obtained in the step one into a drum granulator, uniformly mixing, starting a drum, spraying a starch adhesive, adding the gel powder prepared in the step three, and uniformly wrapping to obtain the synergistic compound fertilizer.
And (3) carrying out a water absorption test and a nutrient release test on the obtained water-retaining synergistic compound fertilizer, wherein the test result shows that the distilled water absorption rate is 890g/g, and the normal saline water absorption rate is 204 g/g. The initial release rate of the nitrogenous fertilizer is 8.7 percent, the 28d cumulative release rate is 70 percent, and the 35d cumulative release rate is 85 percent; the initial release rate of the phosphate fertilizer is 7.2 percent, the cumulative release rate of 28d is 68 percent, and the cumulative release rate of 35d is 83 percent; the initial release rate of the potash fertilizer is 10.2%, the 28d cumulative release rate is 69%, and the 35d cumulative release rate is 84%. After 6 months of storage at normal temperature, the effective viable count of 3.9 multiplied by 10 can be released8cfu/g。
Comparative example 1
The same procedure as in example 2 was repeated except that the biomass charcoal of rice hulls used was not immobilized with microorganisms except that the concentrated solution containing bacteria was not contained.
Comparative example 2
The same procedure as in example 2 was repeated except that the coating solution contained no humic acid, i.e., the coating solution was coated with the synergist in step two.
Comparative example 3
Except that no montmorillonite is contained, namely no montmorillonite is added in the preparation process of the gel powder in the step three, and the rest is the same as the example 2.
Cucumber growth test
The test method comprises the following steps: the test was carried out in a vegetable greenhouse at the university of agriculture in Henan. Six sets of treatments were set, each treatment was set with three repetitions for a total of 9 regions, each region being 10m long and 2m wide. CK for no fertilization treatment, T1 for normal urea treatment, T2 for example 2 treatment, T3 for comparative example 1 treatment, T4 for comparative example 2 treatment, T5 for comparative example 3 treatment. All treatments are converted into the same nitrogen content, the tested cucumber variety is 'Zhongjin you No. 30', the growth cycle is 95 days, and other farming operations are the same. The morphological indexes of the cucumber are measured, the cucumber acre yield is calculated after harvesting, the average value is taken in the repeated area, and the result is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Effect of different treatments on cucumber growth
Treatment of Stem diameter (mm) Plant height (cm) Yield (kg/mu)
CK 10.58±0.94 107.56±0.67 5024±4.62
T1 11.42±0.87 115.84±1.35 5349±4.90
T2 14.03±0.56 105.16±1.27 5867±3.85
T3 11.74±0.91 107.73±0.89 5406±3.67
T4 12.62±1.10 110.48±1.41 5413±4.81
T5 13.34±1.22 114.52±1.18 5568±5.03
As can be seen from table 1, the stem thickness and yield of all cucumber treated with fertilization were higher than those of CK treated without fertilization, while the plant height of the applied water-retaining synergistic compound fertilizer of example 2 was lower than those of the other treated groups. Compared with CK without fertilizer application, the stem thickness of the common urea treatment is increased by about 1cm, the plant height is increased by about 8cm, and the yield is increased by 6.47%; compared with CK, cucumber yields were increased by 16.78%, 7.60%, 7.74% and 10.83% in treatments T2, T3, T4, T5, respectively. Example 2, comparative example 1, comparative example 2, comparative example 3 all effectively improved cucumber stem thickness and cucumber yield compared to treatment with normal urea T1. The fertilizer has more nutrient components, better water absorption and retention performance and slow release performance compared with the single urea, and the two play an important role in promoting the yield increase of cucumbers. Comparative example 1 does not contain the concentrated solution containing bacteria, the stem thickness and the yield of the cucumber are obviously lower than those of example 2, the disease incidence is higher than that of example 2, because the added photosynthetic bacteria can increase the biological nitrogen fixation effect, improve the rhizosphere nitrogen fixation effect and improve the soil fertility, the bacillus subtilis can inhibit the growth and the reproduction of pathogenic bacteria, has the effects of bacteriostasis and disease prevention, can also accelerate the humification of nutrients, promote the growth of the root system of the cucumber, preserve water and fertilizer, improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer, and has good effect of degrading organic phosphorus in soil. Comparative example 2 contains no humic acid, the stem thickness and yield of the cucumber are lower than those of example 2, and the plant height is higher than that of example 2, because the humic acid is not contained, the corresponding slow release effect of humic acid coating disappears, so the nutrient release rate is faster than that of example 2, the plant height is higher, and various nutrient components such as trace elements, rare earth elements, plant growth regulators, virus inhibitors and the like contained in the humic acid are also lacked, and the growth vigor and the yield of the cucumber of comparative example 2 are reduced. Comparative example 3 does not contain montmorillonite, the slow release efficacy of the gel powder is weakened, the plant height of the cucumber is obviously higher than that of example 2, and the stem thickness and the yield are reduced compared with those of example 2, because the space network structure can not be formed without the montmorillonite gel, and the water absorption and retention and the slow release efficacy are weaker than those of example 2.
Corn field test
The test method comprises the following steps: the test was carried out in the field of the Tokyo yellow shop, Zhenju, Zhengzhou, Henan province. Selecting plots with sufficient illumination, smooth terrain and medium soil fertility as test plots, dividing the test plots into two, planting corns, applying the commercial synergistic compound fertilizer to one plot, applying the synergistic compound fertilizer provided by the embodiment 2 of the invention to the other plot, wherein the application amount is the same, the plots are all 40 kg/mu, seeding in 2017 in 6 and 15 days, the other planting conditions are the same, and after harvesting in 2017 in 10 and 1 day, comparing the corn yield of the two plots, the plot per mu yield of the synergistic compound fertilizer provided by the embodiment 2 of the invention is 1308kg, while the plot per mu yield of the commercial synergistic compound fertilizer is 1054kg, the yield is increased by 24.1%.
In conclusion, the synergistic compound fertilizer provided by the invention has the advantages of large microbial population and high survival rate, and can quickly form a probiotic environment in soil after being applied, promote the formation of a granular structure, improve the soil fertility and water retention capacity, increase the soil looseness and promote the growth of root systems. The invention can realize multiple controllable release of fertilizer efficiency, the components have synergistic effect, the nutrients corresponding to different nutrient demands of different growth stages of crops are provided, the fertilizer utilization rate is improved, the water absorption and retention are good, the irrigation water consumption can be reduced, the input cost is reduced, compared with the commercial synergistic compound fertilizer, the microbial strain is not easy to inactivate and run off, the fertilizer efficiency and the water retention are good, the crop yield can be improved, and the disease resistance of crops can be improved.
The above description is only for the specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and other modifications or equivalent substitutions made by the technical solution of the present invention by the ordinary skilled in the art should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. The water-retaining synergistic compound fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.2-0.6 part of nano carbon, 0.1-0.3 part of gamma-polyglutamic acid, 0.2-0.6 part of carboxymethyl cellulose, 6-17 parts of humic acid powder, 25-38 parts of common compound fertilizer, 4-10 parts of montmorillonite, 3-7 parts of acrylic acid, 12-18 parts of xanthan gum, 0.01-0.02 part of cross-linking agent, 0.005-0.01 part of initiator, 6-15 parts of rice hull biomass carbon, 1-5 parts of bacteria-containing concentrated solution and 5-8 parts of starch adhesive; the biomass carbon is prepared by doping a proper amount of montmorillonite into rice hulls and performing pyrolysis at 500 ℃ under an anoxic condition, and the particle size of the biomass carbon is 1.0-2.0 mm; the bacterium-containing concentrated solution is obtained by uniformly stirring 30% by mass of yeast waste liquid and 2% by mass of composite microbial bacterium solution, wherein the composite microbial bacterium solution is obtained by separately fermenting purple photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium and bacillus mucilaginosus and mixing fermented bacterium solutions, and the effective viable count is more than or equal to 2 x 109cfu/g; the cross-linking agent is N, N' -methylene-bisacrylamide, and the initiator is ammonium persulfate;
the preparation method of the water-retaining synergistic compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
step one, fixing the microorganisms: adding rice hull biomass charcoal into the bacteria-containing concentrated solution according to the proportion of 30g/L, carrying out shake culture in a constant-temperature shaking table at the temperature of 30 ℃ until the stable period, discarding the supernatant, washing with sterile water, and draining nylon gauze to obtain the physical adsorption biomass charcoal; flatly paving physical adsorption immobilized microorganisms into a thin layer, incubating for 2 hours in a methyl orthosilicate atmosphere at the temperature of 30 ℃ under a closed condition to obtain silica gel biomass charcoal, taking out, and standing for later use at the temperature of 4 ℃;
step two, coating the synergist and the humic acid: putting a common compound fertilizer into a drum granulator, heating to 30-35 ℃, keeping for 20-50 min, starting a drum, spraying a starch adhesive, uniformly mixing nano carbon, gamma-polyglutamic acid and carboxymethyl cellulose, adding, spraying the starch adhesive again after the coating is finished, and adding humic acid powder until the coating is finished;
step three, preparing gel powder: adding acrylic acid into a reactor, regulating the neutralization degree to 70% by using alkali liquor, adding xanthan gum, heating to 75 ℃ under stirring, adding an initiator and a cross-linking agent, adding montmorillonite, reacting for 2 hours to obtain a product, removing the excessive initiator and the excessive cross-linking agent, drying in vacuum, and crushing to obtain gel powder;
step four, wrapping with gel powder: and (3) pouring the compound fertilizer wrapped with the humic acid powder in the step two and the silica gel biomass charcoal obtained in the step one into a drum granulator, uniformly mixing, starting a drum, spraying a starch adhesive, adding the gel powder prepared in the step three, and uniformly wrapping to obtain the synergistic compound fertilizer.
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