CN105706690B - Winter in Yunnan Province potato production integrated planting method - Google Patents

Winter in Yunnan Province potato production integrated planting method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105706690B
CN105706690B CN201610085082.3A CN201610085082A CN105706690B CN 105706690 B CN105706690 B CN 105706690B CN 201610085082 A CN201610085082 A CN 201610085082A CN 105706690 B CN105706690 B CN 105706690B
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potato
ridge
fertilizer
top dressing
winter
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CN201610085082.3A
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CN105706690A (en
Inventor
于德才
张红骥
巩晨
杜魏甫
杨梦平
赵晓松
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Yunnan Agricultural University
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Yunnan Agricultural University
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C23/00Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
    • A01C23/04Distributing under pressure; Distributing mud; Adaptation of watering systems for fertilising-liquids
    • A01C23/042Adding fertiliser to watering systems
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G25/00Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
    • A01G25/02Watering arrangements located above the soil which make use of perforated pipe-lines or pipe-lines with dispensing fittings, e.g. for drip irrigation
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G25/00Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
    • A01G25/16Control of watering
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/22Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
    • Y02P60/21Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

Winter in Yunnan Province potato production integrated planting method, select loam or sandy loam plot, it ploughs deeply up to 30cm or more, then it ditches, ridging, it is applied fertilizer to the subsoil on ridge using compound fertilizer specially used for potato, it is sowed using duplicate rows planting type on ridge, drip irrigation zone is laid on ridge, it is covered on ridge with mulch again, when potato set length is to apart from ridge face 2-3cm, the earthing on film, when potato set up to 10cm when, trickle irrigation urea carries out mentioning seedling, first time topdressing is carried out in one week after tuber character, top dressing is carried out while the time of infertility is with trickle irrigation moisture, top dressing 8 times altogether.The method of the present invention is water-saving, section is fertile, saving of labor, efficiently.

Description

Winter in Yunnan Province potato production integrated planting method
Technical field
The invention belongs to potato planting technical fields.
Background technique
The main planting area of Yunnan Province winter potato is to be in Yunnan in southern hot-zone and low-heat river valley area, the region winter The arid season of province, water resource are extremely limited, and potato is one of biggish crop of water requirement, and therefore, high yield is high Effect production with water, fertilizer efficiently utilize it is closely related.In face of the poor challenge efficiently utilized with liquid manure of Winter in Yunnan Province water resource, mesh Preceding potato produces upper liquid manure and efficiently utilizes On Comprehensive Technique using out of strength, cannot according to the law of needing the water of potato growth and The fertilising of regulation of fertilizer requirement Rational Irrigation, liquid manure can not be combined really, cause water and fertilizer utilization rate low, and yield and quality is all difficult to improve, And production cost is constantly soaring, becomes a stubbornness pain that the production of Yunnan Province winter potato faces.According to potato raw Long liquid manure demand rule and different cultivation modes is established fertilising and is matched with the water-fertilizer integral production synthesis really combined is irrigated Set technology is imperative.
The irrigation of traditional Winter in Yunnan Province potato planting is all made of the mode of broad irrigation, and water resource waste is serious, adds Fertilising when moisture supply it is uneven, utilization rate of fertilizer is low, causes yield impacted.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to solve the problems, such as that existing Winter in Yunnan Province potato planting method exists, a kind of section is provided Water, section fertilizer, saving of labor, efficient High Yield Potato implantation methods.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.
Winter in Yunnan Province potato production integrated planting method using tractor-drawn and carrys additionally seeder, by trench digging, rises Ridge, sowing, fertilising, drip irrigation zone and mulch, which cover paving work, disposably to be completed, and is specifically included:
(1) that the soil is porous is fertile, soil layer is deep, can arrange the loam that can be filled or sandy loam plot for selection, and soil deep tillage is reached 30cm or more;
(2) trench digging, ridging, 1.2 meters of row spacing;
(3) it is applied fertilizer to the subsoil on ridge using compound fertilizer specially used for potato, the N:P:K ratio in the compound fertilizer is 15:10:20, multiple B, Mg, Zn microelement are also mixed in Hefei;
(4) it is sowed using duplicate rows planting type on ridge, the line-spacing of sowing is 25cm, spacing in the rows 20cm, 5000~ 5500 plants/acre, depth of planting is 8~10cm;
(5) drip irrigation zone is laid on ridge;
(6) take covering with ground sheeting on ridge, mulch is with a thickness of 0.006mm;
(7) when potato set it is long to apart from ridge face 2-3cm when, with drag links on film 3-5 centimetres of earthing;
(8) when potato set up to 10cm when, carry out mentioning seedling by 5kg/ mus of trickle irrigation urea;
(9) first time topdressing is carried out in one week after tuber character, is carried out while the time of infertility is with trickle irrigation moisture Top dressing, top dressing 8 times altogether, first 4 times using potato balanced type Water soluble fertilizer and according to the progress top dressing of 5kg/ mu/time, potato balance N:P:K ratio in type Water soluble fertilizer is 18:18:18;4 use high K-type Water soluble fertilizers of potato are chased after according to 5kg/ mu/time afterwards Fertilizer, the high K-type Water soluble fertilizer N:P:K ratio of potato are 15:5:25, and the first half of the month of harvesting stops applying water fertilising.
In the method for the present invention, if since top dressing or top dressing amount of nitrogenous fertilizer deficiency have led to plant to weather influence not in time It, can be in the urea liquid of potato plant foliage-spray mass concentration 0.25% when showing nitrogen stress.
By Potato Mechanization plantation, water-saving irrigation, fertilizer subtracts technology of applying and carries out efficient integrated innovation the present invention.Root simultaneously Water, regulation of fertilizer requirement are needed according to the nutrient uptake feature of winter potato, soil environment and Nutrient Concentration Status and potato different growing Situation carries out Demand Design, and water and fertilizer is made to be supplied to potato to be absorbed and utilized with the assembled state of optimization in the soil, is formed Yunnan Province winter potato great Long, high moisture in the soil, the total solution of the under-film drip irrigation of dense planting, the Integration of Water into Fertilizer.This method It can accomplish Tree Precise Fertilization, the utilization rate saved fertilizer, improve fertilizer reduces production cost.Using under-film drip irrigation liquid manure one Change implantation methods, has the characteristics that volume increase, water-saving, section fertilizer, raising potato yield and improving quality.Water-saving 50%, fertilizer benefit It can be improved 30% or more with rate, potato yield can be improved 20% or more.
The method of the present invention is using tractor-drawn and carrys additionally seeder, can disposably complete trench digging, ridging, sow, applies Fertilizer, drip irrigation zone and the disposable completion sowing work of ground overlay film paving, are 15~20 times of traditional artificial planting patterns efficiency.
Specific embodiment
Winter in Yunnan Province potato production integrated planting method using tractor-drawn and carrys additionally seeder, by trench digging, rises Ridge, sowing, fertilising, drip irrigation zone and mulch, which cover paving work, disposably completes sowing work, specifically includes:
(1) selection of land and site preparation.It is required that the soil is porous is fertile, soil layer is deep, can arrange the loam that can be filled or sandy loam plot, and It is required that being advisable apart from iirigation water source compared with the plot close, topography is flat, field barrier is less.Site preparation sequence are as follows: stubble-cleaning-plows- Rotary tillage is ploughed deeply up to 30cm or more, is changed previous artificial and small mini-tiller rotary tillage, that is, plantable mode, is ensured loosing soil, thoroughly Gas is good, and water storage, water-retention fertilizer ability can be improved, in state to be broadcast;
(2) trench digging, ridging, 1.2 meters of row spacing;
(3) it is applied fertilizer to the subsoil on ridge using compound fertilizer specially used for potato, the N:P:K ratio in the compound fertilizer is 15:10:20, multiple B, Mg, Zn microelement are also mixed in Hefei;
(4) mechanical planting is carried out using duplicate rows planting type on ridge, the determination of mechanical planting time should according to local rainfall, The case where frost season and market, determines the reasonable sowing time.Depth of planting determines generally 8 according to different soil types~ 10cm (from stem tuber top to ridge platform top), duplicate rows cultivation on ridge, line-spacing is generally 25cm, spacing in the rows generally uses 20cm, goes bail for 5000~5500 plants/acre of technical parameter changes previous traditional planting models multiplicity, and plantation is lack of standardization, and planting depth deficiency is led The status that the blue or green head rate of cause is high, commodity rate is low;
(5) drip irrigation zone is laid on ridge;Field drip irrigation design should be pasted in strict accordance with the water yield, lift and trickle irrigation of water pump The water yield of piece is rationally designed.
(6) take covering with ground sheeting on ridge, mulch is with a thickness of 0.006mm;Taking the mode of covering with ground sheeting can effectively mention High-geotemperature, 50% or more the utilization rate for improving moisture, and have the function that weeding;
(7) when potato set it is long to apart from ridge face 2-3cm when, with drag links on film 3-5 centimetres of earthing;Potato set exists It under the pressure effect of soil, can smoothly rupture of membranes be unearthed, to reduce artificial investment;
(8) when potato set up to 10cm when, carry out mentioning seedling by 5kg/ mus of trickle irrigation urea, it is ensured that aerial growth;
(9) top dressing.The determination of dressing time should in tuber character, (it be just that place is expanded in stolon end according to first time topdressing Two times of normal stolon) after one week in chase after into generally after planting 1.5 months or so.The time of infertility is with trickle irrigation moisture While carry out top dressing, top dressing 8 times altogether, first 4 times using potato balanced type Water soluble fertilizer simultaneously according to the progress top dressing of 5kg/ mu/time, N:P:K ratio in potato balanced type Water soluble fertilizer is 18:18:18;Afterwards 4 times using the high K-type Water soluble fertilizers of potato according to 5kg/ mus/ Secondary carry out top dressing, the high K-type Water soluble fertilizer N:P:K ratio of potato are 15:5:25, and the first half of the month of harvesting stops applying water fertilising.Meanwhile The period of top dressing and quantity also to lean on plant variable rate technology and laboratory to plant petiole and soil nutrient content depending on.If gas Time condition does not allow, and has not enough time to top dressing or top dressing amount of nitrogenous fertilizer deficiency plant has showed nitrogen stress, at this moment can be in potato plant The urea liquid of foliage-spray 0.25%.
Since winter is since temperature is lower, utilization rate of fertilizer is not high, the present invention is according to potato to the application of fertilizer Different growing takes different types of fertilizer to apply.
Trickle irrigation, covering with ground sheeting and water and fertilizer management are carried out effective integration by under-film drip irrigation water, fertile integrated technique by the present invention, Form a kind of novel field liquid manure management mode.Particularly suitable for the Dehong of Yunnan Province, hot-zone, south, Xishuangbanna, Lincang etc. And the winters potato main product region such as Midu, Nan Jian, Jian Shui, river and mountain, Qiaojia County of low-heat river valley area, the utilization of this method can These region winter dryings are effectively solved, the limited restricted problem of water resource obtains the yield of winter potato and quality It improves.

Claims (2)

1. Winter in Yunnan Province potato production integrated planting method, which is characterized in that this method is using tractor-drawn and carrys additionally Trench digging, ridging, sowing, fertilising, drip irrigation zone and mulch are covered paving work and disposably completed, specifically included by seeder:
(1) that the soil is porous is fertile, soil layer is deep, can arrange the loam that can be filled or sandy loam plot for selection, by soil deep tillage up to 30cm More than;
(2) trench digging, ridging, 1.2 meters of row spacing;
(3) it is applied fertilizer to the subsoil on ridge using compound fertilizer specially used for potato, the N:P:K weight ratio in the compound fertilizer is 15:10:20, multiple B, Mg, Zn microelement are also mixed in Hefei;
(4) it is sowed using duplicate rows planting type on ridge, the line-spacing of sowing is 25cm, spacing in the rows 20cm, 5000~5500 plants/ Mu, depth of planting are 8~10cm;
(5) drip irrigation zone is laid on ridge;
(6) take covering with ground sheeting on ridge, mulch is with a thickness of 0.006mm;
(7) when potato set it is long to apart from ridge face 2-3cm when, with drag links on film 3-5 centimetres of earthing;
(8) when potato set up to 10cm when, carry out mentioning seedling by 5kg/mu trickle irrigation urea;
(9) first time topdressing is carried out in one week after tuber character, carries out top dressing while the time of infertility is with trickle irrigation moisture, It is total to top dressing 8 times, preceding 4 use potato balanced type Water soluble fertilizers simultaneously carry out top dressing according to 5kg/ mu/time, and potato balanced type is water-soluble N:P:K ratio in fertilizer is 18:18:18;4 use high K-type Water soluble fertilizers of potato carry out top dressing, Ma Ling according to 5kg/ mu/time afterwards The high K-type Water soluble fertilizer N:P:K ratio of potato is 15:5:25, and the first half of the month of harvesting stops applying water fertilising.
2. Winter in Yunnan Province potato production integrated planting method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that if due to Weather influence is sprayed on potato plant blade face when top dressing or top dressing amount of nitrogenous fertilizer deficiency cause plant to show nitrogen stress not in time Apply the urea liquid of mass concentration 0.25%.
CN201610085082.3A 2016-02-14 2016-02-14 Winter in Yunnan Province potato production integrated planting method Expired - Fee Related CN105706690B (en)

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Families Citing this family (7)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107211681B (en) * 2017-05-27 2020-11-20 云南省农业科学院经济作物研究所 Low-cost and high-efficiency water-fertilizer integrated planting method for winter potatoes
CN107493894A (en) * 2017-09-04 2017-12-22 云南农业大学 A kind of method of winter rubber underwood planting potato
CN108450267A (en) * 2018-01-19 2018-08-28 新疆天业(集团)有限公司 A kind of trickle irrigation implantation methods of lotus rhizome
CN108271643B (en) * 2018-01-24 2020-02-21 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 Water-fertilizer-pesticide integrated cultivation method for improving disease resistance of winter potatoes
CN111034571A (en) * 2019-12-31 2020-04-21 红河哈尼族彝族自治州农业科学院 Winter potato cultivation method with equal height and transverse ridge culture and straw returning
CN112772328B (en) * 2021-01-07 2022-04-08 南京农业大学 Potato-common vetch intercropping method under regulation and control of water and fertilizer for ensuring stable yield and high quality of potatoes and simultaneously fertilizing soil
CN114128579A (en) * 2021-12-12 2022-03-04 淄博市农业科学研究院 Water and fertilizer accurate utilization cultivation method for potato in bud orientation seeding

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