CN108450111A - The water-fertilizer integral Negative pressure irrigation method of overwintering cauliflower - Google Patents
The water-fertilizer integral Negative pressure irrigation method of overwintering cauliflower Download PDFInfo
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- CN108450111A CN108450111A CN201810311148.5A CN201810311148A CN108450111A CN 108450111 A CN108450111 A CN 108450111A CN 201810311148 A CN201810311148 A CN 201810311148A CN 108450111 A CN108450111 A CN 108450111A
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- Prior art keywords
- water
- cauliflower
- negative pressure
- fertilizer
- overwintering
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
- A01C23/02—Special arrangements for delivering the liquid directly into the soil
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of water-fertilizer integral Negative pressure irrigation methods of overwintering cauliflower, first select the soil suitable for cauliflower growth, and apply 2000~3000kg of organic fertilizer, the composite fertilizer 50kg of total nutrient >=45%, calcium superphosphate 50kg, potassium sulfate 10kg per acre；Then cauliflower is divided into seedlings and is colonized, be filled with enough root water；Cauliflower is after also seedling survives, and needing to carry out liquid manure mixing in conjunction with fertilising using negative pressure water supply device supplies water or individually supply water：For slow seedling to the rosette state, setting water supply negative pressure value is 5kPa, and the weight percent concentration of nitrogen is 0.03%, N ﹕ P in irrigation water2O5﹕ K2O proportionings are 1.0 ﹕, 1.0 ﹕ 1.0；Curd formation initial stage to picking time, setting water supply negative pressure value are 10kPa, and the weight percent concentration of nitrogen is 0.02%, N ﹕ P in irrigation water2O5﹕ K2O proportionings are 1.0 ﹕, 1.0 ﹕ 1.5.The present invention can not only allow overwintering cauliflower normal growth, and due to using water-fertilizer integral Negative pressure irrigation method so that plantation is greatly reduced with water, is irrigated working hour and is also shortened dramatically.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to cauliflower irrigation method, water-fertilizer integral Negative pressure irrigation in especially a kind of overwintering cauliflower production
Method.
Background technology
The Integration of Water into Fertilizer be will irrigate with the new agricultural technology that combines together of fertilising, by pressure system (or ground
Shape natural-drop), soluble solids or liquid fertilizer are matched by soil nutrient content and crop regulation of fertilizer requirement and absorption characteristics
It converts in irrigation water, realizes water and fertilizer integration utilizes and management.
Negative pressure irrigation is one of water-fertilizer integral new technology.It is special using plant water physiology characteristic and soil tension
Property, during douche is placed into the soil, the absorption with crop to soil moisture, soil water potential is reduced to the flow of water of negative pressure generator
When, water flows to soil from water receiver by negative pressure douche, makes plant is continuous actively to obtain water needed for growth from douche
Point, and ensureing that plant is in the growing environment of optimal soil moisture content always, the deep percolation and earth's surface for reducing soil moisture steam
Hair loss has many advantages, such as water-saving, energy saving, high efficiency, manageability and automation, obtains the concern and practice of more and more scholars
Research.
Cauliflower can plant throughout the year, can be divided into spring flower cabbage, summer flower cabbage, autumn flower coconut palm according to different planting seasons
Dish and overwintering cauliflower.When cauliflower is irrigated, can pour, can also trickle irrigation, but this 2 kinds of irrigation method water consumption are big, cannot
Realize water-fertilizer integral, pouring water and apply fertilizer to separate carries out, not saving working hour.
Invention content
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is in view of the shortcomings of the prior art, offer is a kind of to realize water-fertilizer integral
It irrigates, and conserves water and the water-fertilizer integral Negative pressure irrigation method of the overwintering cauliflower in working hour.
First illustratively, the negative pressure water supply device used in the present invention is the prior art, in Chinese patent application
It is disclosed in 204298894 U of CN103583315A and CN.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：A kind of water-fertilizer integral of overwintering cauliflower
Negative pressure irrigation method comprising the following steps：
1) soil suitable for cauliflower growth is selected, and applies 2000~3000kg of organic fertilizer, total nutrient >=45% per acre
Composite fertilizer 50kg, calcium superphosphate 50kg, potassium sulfate 10kg；
2) cauliflower is divided into seedlings and is colonized, be filled with enough root water；
3) cauliflower is after also seedling survives, and needing to carry out liquid manure mixing in conjunction with fertilising using negative pressure water supply device supplies water or individually
It supplies water：For slow seedling to the rosette state, setting water supply negative pressure value is -5kPa, and the weight percent concentration of nitrogen is 0.03%, N ﹕ in irrigation water
P2O5﹕ K2O proportionings are 1.0 ﹕, 1.0 ﹕ 1.0；At Curd formation initial stage to picking time, setting water supply negative pressure value is -10kPa, in irrigation water
The weight percent concentration of nitrogen is 0.02%, N ﹕ P2O5﹕ K2O proportionings are 1.0 ﹕, 1.0 ﹕ 1.5.
Since cauliflower is sensitive to boron, molybdenum trace element, boron deficiency easily causes bouquet central burst or base portion cavity occur；It lacks
Molybdenum blade tarnishes, easy to aging.Preparing weight percent concentration in the rosette state to Curd formation initial stage, in irrigation water is
0.03% borax and 0.05% ammonium molybdate, or it is 0.3% borax and 0.5% molybdic acid to prepare weight percent concentration
Ammonium salt solution carries out foliage-spray.
The above method can also select N ﹕ P from slow seedling to the rosette state2O5﹕ K2O proportionings are 15：15：15 water-soluble fertilizer, by fertilizer
Water is than application with irrigation water after the dilution proportion for 1 ﹕ 5；From Curd formation initial stage to picking time, N ﹕ P are selected2O5﹕ K2O proportionings are 10：
10：15 water-soluble fertilizer, by rich water than application with irrigation water after the dilution proportion for 1 ﹕ 5.
Select rainfall that cannot meet overwintering cauliflower water consumption in the above method, and topography is higher, underground water buried depth is big
In 1.5 meters；Or under the conditions of greenhouse cultivation, the area plantation cauliflower irrigated is needed.
Home environment condition is selected to meet non-polluted farm product planting industry home environment condition standard NY in the above method
The requirement of 5010-2016, and the loam or sandy loam that the soil is porous is fertile, the content of organic matter is high, arable layer is deep, retain water and nutrients are strong
Soil cultivation cauliflower.
In the above method, the solid fertilizer of selection is urea, sulphur ammonium, ammonium nitrate, monoammonium phosphate, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), potassium chloride, sulphur
The water soluble fertilizers such as sour potassium, potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate or magnesium sulfate.
In the above method, the aqueduct water outlet end of the negative pressure water supply device is higher than water end, than dropping >=1/100,
Water end is higher by 3~5cm of seepage controllor, and seepage controllor is positioned at seedling 5cm, is slightly tilted down and is inserted in soil, buried depth
At Yu Tubiao or less 10cm.
The method of the present invention needs progress liquid manure mixing when planting overwintering cauliflower, using negative pressure water supply device in conjunction with fertilising
It supplies water or individually supplies water：For slow seedling to the rosette state, setting water supply negative pressure value is -5kPa, the weight percent concentration of nitrogen in irrigation water
For 0.03%, N ﹕ P2O5﹕ K2O proportionings are 1.0 ﹕, 1.0 ﹕ 1.0；Curd formation initial stage to picking time, setting water supply negative pressure value be-
10kPa, the weight percent concentration of nitrogen is 0.02%, N ﹕ P in irrigation water2O5﹕ K2O proportionings are 1.0 ﹕, 1.0 ﹕ 1.5, so not only
Can meet cauliflower in growth course to moisture and nutrient the needs of, ensure its normal growth, and improve yield, and due to
Using water-fertilizer integral Negative pressure irrigation method so that plantation is greatly reduced with water, and test result shows that water-fertilizer integral negative pressure fills
It irrigates compared with plastic mulching by drip irrigation volume increase 20~40%, water use efficiency improves 2-3 times.In addition, in planting process, working hour is irrigated
It shortens dramatically.
Specific implementation mode
1, environmental condition：Selection rainfall cannot meet overwintering cauliflower water consumption, and topography is higher, and underground water buried depth is big
In 1.5 meters；Or under the conditions of greenhouse cultivation, the area irrigated is needed.
2, edaphic condition：Home environment condition meets non-polluted farm product planting industry home environment condition standard NY 5010-
2016 requirement, the loam or sandy loam that preferably to select that the soil is porous fertile, the content of organic matter is high, arable layer is deep, retain water and nutrients are strong
Soil cultivation.The excessively thick sand of quality and meticulous clay are not suitable for the method for the present invention.
3, fertilizer type：The fertilizer of selection need to meet NY 1107-2010 Macroelement water-soluble fertilizers standards and NY
The requirement of 1428-2010 trace element water-soluble fertilizer standards.Optional liquid or solid fertilizer, the optional commodity Water soluble fertilizer of liquid fertilizer
Material (generally composite fertilizer)；Urea, sulphur ammonium, ammonium nitrate, monoammonium phosphate, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), potassium chloride, sulfuric acid can be selected in solid fertilizer
The fertilizer such as potassium, potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, magnesium sulfate；If with biogas slurry or Humus Acid Fertilizers, it is necessary to by filtering, in order to avoid block pipe
Road.
4, the field of water supply installation is placed：Negative pressure water supply device is placed in cauliflower in the ranks, a set of water supply installation can be same
When pair two row cauliflowers supply water.The cauliflower number of single set water supply installation control is preferable with 12~20.Going out for aqueduct is set
Mouth of a river end is higher than water end, than drop >=1/100.Water end is higher by 3~5cm of seepage controllor.Negative pressure seepage controllor is moved in cauliflower
It is positioned over when seedling at seedling 5cm, slightly tilts down and insert in soil, buried depth places 10cm or so below native table, in favor of
Air is discharged in pot clay end.
5, water-fertilizer integral management：
5.1 water management
When seedling separation field planting, it is filled with enough root water, after going back seedling and surviving, water supply installation is recycled to need to carry out liquid manure in conjunction with fertilising
Mixing supplies water or individually supplies water.Early period (slow seedling~rosette state) is grown, the negative pressure value being arranged in seepage controllor is -5kPa；In growth
Later stage (Curd formation~picking time), the negative pressure value being arranged in seepage controllor are -10kPa.
5.2 fertilizing management
5.2.1 base manure
High-quality 2000~3000kg of organic fertilizer, total nutrient >=45% (15-15-15) composite fertilizer 50kg, peroxophosphoric acid are applied per acre
Calcium 50kg, potassium sulfate 10kg.
5.2.2 water-fertilizer integral fertilising (top dressing)
5.2.2.1 macroelement fertilizer (NPK) is imposed：Cauliflower is more to phosphorus potassium demand, and when top dressing answers heavy dressing potash fertilizer.It chases after
Depending on fertile time and nutrient formula are with kind breeding time.Early-maturing variety (60~80 days breeding times) carries out after slow seedling with irrigation water
Top dressing, in, late variety (100~120 days breeding times) carries out from field planting slow seedling after 10~15 days.From field planting slow seedling to lotus throne
Phase, a concentration of 0.03%, N ﹕ P of nitrogen (N) in irrigation water2O5﹕ K2O proportionings are 1.0 ﹕, 1.0 ﹕ 1.0；Also water-soluble fertilizer (15- may be selected
15-15), by rich water than application with irrigation water after the dilution proportion for 1 ﹕ 5.Curd formation initial stage to picking time, nitrogen (N) weight in nutrient solution
Amount percent concentration is 0.02%, N ﹕ P2O5﹕ K2O proportionings are 1.0 ﹕, 1.0 ﹕ 1.5；Water-soluble fertilizer preferably selects proportioning for 10-10-15,
By rich water than application with irrigation water after the dilution proportion for 1 ﹕ 5.
5.2.2.2 trace-element fertilizer imposes：Cauliflower is sensitive to boron, molybdenum trace element, and boron deficiency easily causes in bouquet
The heart cracks or cavity occurs in base portion；Molybdenum blade is lacked to tarnish, it is easy to aging.In the rosette state to Curd formation initial stage, it can prepare and contain
The irrigation water of 0.03% borax and 0.05% ammonium molybdate is irrigated with Negative pressure irrigation system, or prepare 0.3% borax and
0.5% ammonium molybdate solution carries out foliage-spray.
6, points for attention
6.1 middle-late ripening variety plant shapes are big compared with early-maturing variety, single cauliflower for covering water supply installation (50~80L of water receiver) and controlling
Preferably with 12~16, early-maturing variety is 16~20 controllable for number.
It is certain it is noted that the air in aqueduct and pot clay end is emptied, so that moisture can smoothly ooze when 6.2 first water supply
Enter soil.
6.3 routine observation water receiver SEA LEVEL VARIATION situations, so that irrigation water or nutrient solution is replenished in time.
6.4 is keep cauliflower bouquet pure white and exterior quality, can hinged joint covering flower when bouquet diameter is up to 4~5cm
Ball, so as not to bouquet by sunlight or after by frost colour changed into yellow.
The common pest and disease damage of 6.5 cauliflowers has downy mildew, aphid, cabbage butterfly etc., it should be noted that prevention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of water-fertilizer integral Negative pressure irrigation method of overwintering cauliflower, it is characterised in that include the following steps：
1) soil suitable for cauliflower growth is selected, and applies 2000~3000kg of organic fertilizer per acre, total nutrient >=45% is answered
Hefei 50kg, calcium superphosphate 50kg, potassium sulfate 10kg；
2) cauliflower is divided into seedlings and is colonized, be filled with enough root water；
3) cauliflower is after also seedling survives, and needing to carry out liquid manure mixing in conjunction with fertilising using negative pressure water supply device supplies water or individually supply
Water：For slow seedling to the rosette state, setting water supply negative pressure value is -5kPa, and the weight percent concentration of nitrogen is 0.03%, N ﹕ in irrigation water
P2O5﹕ K2O proportionings are 1.0 ﹕, 1.0 ﹕ 1.0；At Curd formation initial stage to picking time, setting water supply negative pressure value is -10kPa, in irrigation water
The weight percent concentration of nitrogen is 0.02%, N ﹕ P2O5﹕ K2O proportionings are 1.0 ﹕, 1.0 ﹕ 1.5.
2. the water-fertilizer integral Negative pressure irrigation method of overwintering cauliflower according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in lotus throne
At phase to Curd formation initial stage, it is 0.03% borax and 0.05% ammonium molybdate that weight percent concentration is prepared in irrigation water, or
Person prepares the borax that weight percent concentration is 0.3% and 0.5% ammonium molybdate solution progress foliage-spray.
3. the water-fertilizer integral Negative pressure irrigation method of overwintering cauliflower according to claim 1, which is characterized in that from slow seedling
N ﹕ P are selected to the rosette state2O5﹕ K2O proportionings are 15：15：15 water-soluble fertilizer, by rich water than being filled with water after the dilution proportion for 1 ﹕ 5
It irrigates；From Curd formation initial stage to picking time, N ﹕ P are selected2O5﹕ K2O proportionings are 10：10：15 water-soluble fertilizer is 1 ﹕ 5 by rich water ratio
Dilution proportion after application with irrigation water.
4. the water-fertilizer integral Negative pressure irrigation method of overwintering cauliflower according to claim 1, which is characterized in that selection drop
Rainfall cannot meet overwintering cauliflower water consumption, and topography is higher, and underground water buried depth is more than 1.5 meters；Or greenhouse cultivation condition
Under, need the area plantation cauliflower irrigated.
5. the water-fertilizer integral Negative pressure irrigation method of overwintering cauliflower according to claim 1, which is characterized in that selection production
Ground environmental condition meets the requirement of non-polluted farm product planting industry home environment condition standard NY 5010-2016, and the soil is porous
Loam fertile, the content of organic matter is high, arable layer is deep, retain water and nutrients are strong or sandy loam cultivate cauliflower.
6. the water-fertilizer integral Negative pressure irrigation method of overwintering cauliflower according to claim 1, which is characterized in that selection
Solid fertilizer is urea, sulphur ammonium, ammonium nitrate, monoammonium phosphate, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate or sulfuric acid
Magnesium class water soluble fertilizer.
7. the water-fertilizer integral Negative pressure irrigation method of overwintering cauliflower according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described negative
The aqueduct water outlet end of water supply installation is pressed to be higher than water end, than drop >=1/100, water end is higher by 3~5cm of seepage controllor,
Seepage controllor is positioned at seedling 5cm, is slightly tilted down and is inserted in soil, and buried depth is below the native table at 10cm.
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| CN201810311148.5A CN108450111A (en) | 2018-04-09 | 2018-04-09 | The water-fertilizer integral Negative pressure irrigation method of overwintering cauliflower |
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| CN201810311148.5A CN108450111A (en) | 2018-04-09 | 2018-04-09 | The water-fertilizer integral Negative pressure irrigation method of overwintering cauliflower |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109694272A (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2019-04-30 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | A kind of water soluble fertilizer of purple leaf romaine lettuce |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0458839A (en) * | 1990-06-26 | 1992-02-25 | Motonobu Ura | Self-charge type liquid chemicals sprayer |
| CN102090197A (en) * | 2010-12-15 | 2011-06-15 | 福州市晋安区宦溪黄田钱村生态农场 | Cauliflower fertilizing method |
| CN102217452A (en) * | 2011-04-15 | 2011-10-19 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Fertilizing device and fertilizing method |
| CN205658126U (en) * | 2016-05-18 | 2016-10-26 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Negative pressure governing system |
-
2018
- 2018-04-09 CN CN201810311148.5A patent/CN108450111A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0458839A (en) * | 1990-06-26 | 1992-02-25 | Motonobu Ura | Self-charge type liquid chemicals sprayer |
| CN102090197A (en) * | 2010-12-15 | 2011-06-15 | 福州市晋安区宦溪黄田钱村生态农场 | Cauliflower fertilizing method |
| CN102217452A (en) * | 2011-04-15 | 2011-10-19 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Fertilizing device and fertilizing method |
| CN205658126U (en) * | 2016-05-18 | 2016-10-26 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Negative pressure governing system |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 宋志伟: "《蔬菜水肥一体化实用技术》", 28 February 2018, 化学工业出版社 * |
| 熊峰: "负压灌溉简述", 《现代农业科技》 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109694272A (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2019-04-30 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | A kind of water soluble fertilizer of purple leaf romaine lettuce |
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