CN111034571A - Winter potato cultivation method with equal height and transverse ridge culture and straw returning - Google Patents

Winter potato cultivation method with equal height and transverse ridge culture and straw returning Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111034571A
CN111034571A CN201911415348.6A CN201911415348A CN111034571A CN 111034571 A CN111034571 A CN 111034571A CN 201911415348 A CN201911415348 A CN 201911415348A CN 111034571 A CN111034571 A CN 111034571A
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potatoes
planting
potato
winter
ridge
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CN201911415348.6A
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Inventor
洪健康
丁玉梅
杨正安
王怀义
周红波
杨贵宝
范汝明
白学贵
范树洪
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Academy Of Agricultural Sciences Honghe Hani And Yi Autonomous Prefectures
Yunnan Agricultural University
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Academy Of Agricultural Sciences Honghe Hani And Yi Autonomous Prefectures
Yunnan Agricultural University
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/25Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a winter potato cultivation method with equal height and transverse ridge culture and straw returning, which specifically comprises the following steps: step 1, selecting potato varieties; step 2, carrying out primary selection, germination acceleration, bud strengthening and dicing treatment on the seed potatoes; step 3, ditching and soil preparation; step 4, planting potatoes, and covering base fertilizer, crop straws, a soil layer and a mulching film on the potatoes; step 5, breaking membranes and releasing seedlings; step 6, comprehensively preventing and treating diseases and insect pests; step 7, harvesting the potatoes; according to the method, the potatoes are planted in the mountainous area gentle slope land along the contour line in the transverse ridge mode in winter, the ridge is utilized to reduce the water and fertilizer loss in the cultivation of the potatoes in the slope land, the water and fertilizer input cost for planting the potatoes is reduced, crop straws are covered on the potato seeds, the day and night temperature difference of the slope land is reduced, the air permeability and the organic matter content of soil are improved, the growth and development of the potatoes are facilitated, and the yield, the appearance and the nutritional value of the potatoes are improved.

Description

Winter potato cultivation method with equal height and transverse ridge culture and straw returning
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of potato planting, and particularly relates to a winter potato cultivation method with equal height and transverse ridge culture and straw returning.
Background
The artificial breeding field of the potatoes can be traced back to the south of Peru from 8000 to 5000 years before the first Gongyuan for the first time, the potatoes (the name of the science: Solanum tuberosum, English: potato) belong to the Solanaceae, annual herbaceous plants are called as potatoes, ground eggs, potatoes and the like, the potatoes are bred as tubers, the plant height is 15-80 cm, the potatoes are hairless or are fluffy, and the stems are divided into two parts, namely stems on the ground and underground; the potato is used as the third grain crop second to wheat and corn in the world and one of five staple foods in China, has strong adaptability, high yield and high nutritional value, has the vitamin C content which is about four times that of apple, can be used as a medicine, has mild nature and sweet taste, can be used for treating stomachache, costal disease, carbuncle swelling and other diseases, and has slight toxicity on sprouts.
The method for planting the potatoes in the hilly land is only spring and summer generally, the water and fertility of the land are easy to lose, the day and night temperature difference between mountains is large, the growth and development of the potatoes are not facilitated, the yield of the potatoes planted in the mountains is low, the appearance and the nutritional value of the potatoes are poor, and the yield value benefit is not high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a winter potato cultivation method with equal height and transverse ridge culture and straw returning, winter potatoes are planted in a gentle slope land of a mountain area through transverse ridging along the contour line of the gentle slope land, so that the water and fertilizer loss of the gentle slope land is reduced, water resources such as rainwater are accumulated to relieve drought, the water and fertilizer application amount in the potato cultivation process is reduced, and the cultivation cost is saved; the crop straws are used for covering the ground to preserve heat of the potatoes, so that the air permeability and the organic matter content of the soil are increased, the day and night temperature difference of a gentle slope is reduced, a good growth environment capable of promoting the potato blocks to expand is created, the growth and development of the potatoes are promoted, and the yield, the appearance and the nutritional ingredients of the potatoes are improved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the method for cultivating the winter potatoes by ridge planting at equal height and transverse direction and returning the straws to the field comprises the following steps:
step 1, selecting potato varieties with proper planting conditions in a planting field;
step 2, selecting whole potatoes with smooth surface, good potato shapes, shallow eyes, no germs and no worm eggs as seed potatoes, cutting the seed potatoes into pieces after accelerating germination and strengthening, and ensuring that the mass of each potato piece is 40-70 g, and each potato piece contains at least 1 eye;
the germination accelerating and strengthening process comprises the following steps: placing seed potatoes on crop straws for spreading 2-3 layers 30-40 days before sowing, covering light-transmitting, air-permeable and water-absorbing cloth on the seed potatoes, accelerating germination in a dark environment at 10-15 ℃, placing the seed potatoes under scattered light for strong germination for 5 days when the sprouts grow to be 0.3-0.5 cm long, turning the seed potatoes once every day during the strong germination period, and cutting the seed potatoes into blocks and airing for planting for 1-2 hours after the strong germination is finished;
step 3, after harvesting the previous crops of the planting field, deeply ploughing the planting field by using a micro-cultivator, wherein the ploughing depth is 25-30 cm, transversely excavating planting furrows with the depth of 5-10 cm along a contour line after ploughing the ploughed field, and the distance between every two adjacent planting furrows is 80 cm;
step 4, cutting the dried and nearly rotten crop straws into 5-10 cm long for later use, planting the cut potato seeds in the planting furrows from the bottom of 12 months to the beginning of the next year in 1 month, applying a base fertilizer which is piled for 10-15 days into the planting furrows, covering the crop straws on the base fertilizer, then digging soil, covering ridges, wherein the ridge height is 25-30 cm, and covering a mulching film after spraying pendimethalin on the ridges;
step 5, tearing the mulching film after the potatoes emerge, releasing seedlings, sealing and pressing the torn openings of the mulching film with soil, and spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate or organic nitrogen liquid for 2-3 times after the seedlings are released;
step 6, hanging 20-25 yellow plates in each mu of planting field, and spraying 2-3 times of low-toxicity bactericide and 1-2 times of paclobutrazol in the initial flowering period and full flowering period of the potatoes;
and 7, selecting sunny days to harvest the potatoes when the stem and leaves of the potatoes naturally fade green and turn yellow, the base leaves are withered and yellow and fall off, the stolons are dry-shrunk, and the epidermis of the tubers is not lignified any more.
Further, the planting depth of the potato seeds cut into blocks in the step 4 is 8-15 cm, the planting distance is 25cm, and 3300-3400 potato seeds are planted in each mu of land.
Further, the application amount per mu of the base fertilizer in the step 4 is as follows: 40kg of compound fertilizer, 10kg of urea, 50kg of calcium superphosphate, 10kg of potassium sulfate, 2kg of zinc sulfate, 1kg of borax and 1000-2000 kg of decomposed farmyard manure.
Further, in the step 5, 10-15 kg of urea and 5-10 kg of potassium sulfate are applied to each mu of land after the potatoes are aligned to seedlings for topdressing; carrying out first hilling before budding after seedling alignment, and carrying out second hilling at the early stage of flowering of the seedlings, wherein the thickness of the first hilling is 3-4 cm, and the thickness of the second hilling is 4-5 cm; and removing buds in the bud setting and flowering period at the bud emergence initial stage of the seedlings.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, the potatoes are planted from 12 months to 1 month of the next year in winter, and harvested in 4 months of the next year, so that the centralized marketing time of the potatoes can be avoided, the sale is facilitated, and the income is relatively large;
2. according to the invention, the ridges transversely arranged along the contour lines are used for collecting water resources such as rainwater, so that the water and fertilizer loss of the sloping fields is effectively reduced, and the water and fertilizer input cost for potato planting is reduced;
3. the invention uses the crop straws to cover the ground to preserve heat of the potatoes, increases the air permeability and the organic matter content of the soil, reduces the day and night temperature difference of the gentle slope land in the mountainous area, creates a good growing environment which can promote the potato blocks to expand, is favorable for the growth and development of the potatoes, and improves the yield, the taste and the nutrient content of the potatoes.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Examples
The method for cultivating the winter potatoes by ridge planting at equal height and in the transverse direction and returning the straws to the field comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, selecting potato varieties with proper planting conditions in a planting field;
step 2, selecting whole potatoes with smooth surface, good potato shapes, shallow eyes, no germs and no worm eggs as seed potatoes, cutting the seed potatoes into pieces after accelerating germination and strengthening, and ensuring that the mass of each potato piece is 40-70 g, and each potato piece contains at least 1 eye;
the process of accelerating germination and strengthening bud is as follows: placing seed potatoes on crop straws of rice, corn and the like for spreading 2-3 layers 30-40 days before sowing, covering cloth such as light-shielding, breathable and water-absorbing clothes on the seed potatoes, accelerating germination in a dark environment at 10-15 ℃, placing the seed potatoes under scattered light for strong germination for 5 days when the sprouts grow to be 0.3-0.5 cm long, turning the seed potatoes once every day during the strong germination, and cutting the seed potatoes and airing for 1-2 hours for planting after the strong germination;
step 3, after harvesting the previous crops of the planting field, deeply ploughing the planting field by using a micro-cultivator, wherein the ploughing depth is 25-30 cm, and transversely excavating a planting ditch with the depth of 5-10 cm along a slope contour line after ploughing the ploughed field; the distance between adjacent planting furrows is 80 cm;
step 4, cutting the dried and nearly rotten crop straws into 5-10 cm long for later use, planting the cut potato seeds in the planting furrows from the bottom of 12 months to the beginning of the next year in 1 month, applying a base fertilizer which is piled for 10-15 days into the planting furrows, covering the crop straws on the base fertilizer, then digging soil, covering ridges, wherein the ridge height is 25-30 cm, spraying pendimethalin on a soil layer, and then covering a mulching film;
step 5, tearing the mulching film after the potatoes emerge, releasing seedlings, sealing and pressing the torn openings of the mulching film with soil, and spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate or organic nitrogen liquid for 2-3 times after the seedlings are released;
step 6, hanging 20-25 yellow plates in each mu of planting field, and spraying 2-3 times of low-toxicity bactericide and 1-2 times of paclobutrazol in the initial flowering period and full flowering period of the potatoes;
and 7, selecting sunny days to harvest the potatoes when the stem and leaves of the potatoes naturally fade green and turn yellow, the base leaves are withered and yellow and fall off, the stolons are dry-shrunk, and the epidermis of the tubers is not lignified any more.
The cold-resistant, drought-resistant and early-maturing-resistant sweet potato No. 6 is planted in the small town of the old city, one group of the potatoes are planted according to the existing method for planting the potatoes in a way of no ridge along the slope and not covering crop straws, the other group of the potatoes are planted according to the method for making ridges and covering the crop straws in the high transverse direction in the embodiment of the invention, the seedling height, the fertilizing amount and the potato yield in the potato planting process are counted, the water content and the nutrient change condition in the soil are analyzed in a comparative way, and the comparative analysis results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 comparative data for the present Potato cultivation method and the cultivation method of the present invention
Figure BDA0002351054860000041
As can be seen from Table 1, compared with the prior art, the potato seedlings and the yield of the embodiment of the invention are obviously increased, the water application amount per mu of the planting field is reduced, but the water content in the soil after the potatoes are harvested is increased, and the content of the nutrient components is increased, so that the invention can perform ridge planting along the horizontal contour lines, effectively lock the water and the nutrient components in the soil, reduce the input cost of water and fertilizer, meet the growth requirements of the potatoes due to the applied water and fertilizer, increase the air permeability and the organic content of the soil due to the covered crop straws, ensure the growth temperature of the potatoes, facilitate the growth of the potato seedlings, and improve the yield, the appearance and the nutritional value of the potatoes.
Table 2 comparative data for three and four test groups
The method for planting the number 6 of the sweet potatoes in the card houses of the old city according to the embodiment of the invention comprises the steps of planting the number 6 of the sweet potatoes in the card houses of the old city, testing three groups of the sweet potatoes in the step 4 to be planted in a mode of no ridging after being planted along the contour line (in a traditional planting mode), testing four groups of the sweet potatoes in the step 4 to be planted in a mode of ridging along the contour line, comparing and testing the data of branches, plant heights, seedlings and the like of the three groups of the sweet potato seedlings and the four groups of the sweet potatoes, and comparing and testing the data, wherein the comparison result is shown in the table 2, and the table 2 shows that the branch number, the plant height, the yield and the like of the sweet potato seedlings in the four groups are all higher than those in the three groups, so that the ridging planting; the time for harvesting the potatoes is 4 months in the next year, the centralized marketing time of the potatoes is avoided, the potatoes are better in appearance and nutritive value, the marketing is facilitated, the income of growers is improved, and important contributions are provided for local accurate poverty alleviation and social and economic development.
All the embodiments in the present specification are described in a related manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments may be referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments. In particular, for the system embodiment, since it is substantially similar to the method embodiment, the description is simple, and for the relevant points, reference may be made to the partial description of the method embodiment.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. The method for cultivating the winter potatoes by ridge planting at equal height and in the transverse direction and returning the straws to the field is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, selecting potato varieties with proper planting conditions in a planting field;
step 2, selecting whole potatoes with smooth surface, good potato shapes, shallow eyes, no germs and no worm eggs as seed potatoes, cutting the seed potatoes into pieces after accelerating germination and strengthening, and ensuring that the mass of each potato piece is 40-70 g, and each potato piece contains at least 1 eye;
the germination accelerating and strengthening process comprises the following steps: placing seed potatoes on crop straws for spreading 2-3 layers 30-40 days before sowing, covering light-transmitting, air-permeable and water-absorbing cloth on the seed potatoes, accelerating germination in a dark environment at 10-15 ℃, placing the seed potatoes under scattered light for strong germination for 5 days when the sprouts grow to be 0.3-0.5 cm long, turning the seed potatoes once every day during the strong germination period, and cutting the seed potatoes into blocks and airing for planting for 1-2 hours after the strong germination is finished;
step 3, after harvesting the previous crops of the planting field, deeply ploughing the planting field by using a micro-cultivator, wherein the ploughing depth is 25-30 cm, transversely excavating planting furrows with the depth of 5-10 cm along a contour line after ploughing the ploughed field, and the distance between every two adjacent planting furrows is 80 cm;
step 4, cutting the dried and nearly rotten crop straws into 5-10 cm long for later use, planting the cut potato seeds in the planting furrows from the bottom of 12 months to the beginning of the next year in 1 month, applying a base fertilizer which is piled for 10-15 days into the planting furrows, covering the crop straws on the base fertilizer, then digging soil, covering ridges, wherein the ridge height is 25-30 cm, and covering a mulching film after spraying pendimethalin on the ridges;
step 5, tearing the mulching film after the potatoes emerge, releasing seedlings, sealing and pressing the torn openings of the mulching film with soil, and spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate or organic nitrogen liquid for 2-3 times after the seedlings are released;
step 6, hanging 20-25 yellow plates in each mu of planting field, and spraying 2-3 times of low-toxicity bactericide and 1-2 times of paclobutrazol in the initial flowering period and full flowering period of the potatoes;
and 7, selecting sunny days to harvest the potatoes when the stem and leaves of the potatoes naturally fade green and turn yellow, the base leaves are withered and yellow and fall off, the stolons are dry-shrunk, and the epidermis of the tubers is not lignified any more.
2. The method for cultivating winter potatoes by ridge planting at equal height and in transverse direction and returning field with straws as claimed in claim 1, wherein the planting depth of the seed potatoes cut into blocks in the step 4 is 8-15 cm, the planting distance is 25cm, and 3300-3400 seed potatoes are planted per mu of land.
3. The method for cultivating winter potatoes with the equal height and the transverse direction by ridge culture and straw returning as claimed in claim 1, wherein the base fertilizer application amount per mu in the step 4 is as follows: 40kg of compound fertilizer, 10kg of urea, 50kg of calcium superphosphate, 10kg of potassium sulfate, 2kg of zinc sulfate, 1kg of borax and 1000-2000 kg of decomposed farmyard manure.
4. The method for cultivating the winter potatoes with the equal height and the transverse direction ridge culture and straw returning as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 5, 10-15 kg of urea and 5-10 kg of potassium sulfate are applied to each mu of land for topdressing after the potatoes are aligned; carrying out first hilling before budding after seedling alignment, and carrying out second hilling at the early stage of flowering of the seedlings, wherein the thickness of the first hilling is 3-4 cm, and the thickness of the second hilling is 4-5 cm; and removing buds in the bud setting and flowering period at the bud emergence initial stage of the seedlings.
CN201911415348.6A 2019-12-31 2019-12-31 Winter potato cultivation method with equal height and transverse ridge culture and straw returning Pending CN111034571A (en)

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CN110199811A (en) * 2019-07-03 2019-09-06 云南省农业科学院经济作物研究所 A kind of implantation methods promoting late autumn in winter High Yield Potato

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Application publication date: 20200421