CN102246630A - Phosphorus fertilizer application method for improving salt and alkali resistance of cotton in seedling stage - Google Patents
Phosphorus fertilizer application method for improving salt and alkali resistance of cotton in seedling stage Download PDFInfo
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- CN102246630A CN102246630A CN2011101444839A CN201110144483A CN102246630A CN 102246630 A CN102246630 A CN 102246630A CN 2011101444839 A CN2011101444839 A CN 2011101444839A CN 201110144483 A CN201110144483 A CN 201110144483A CN 102246630 A CN102246630 A CN 102246630A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a phosphorus fertilizer application method for cotton in the seedling stage. The method comprises the following steps: dividing the total phosphorus fertilizer to be applied into base fertilizer and seed fertilizer; spreading the base fertilizer in the soil in which the cotton is to be planted and tilling the soil deeply; and applying the seed fertilizer in the soil in which the cotton is planted. The phosphorus fertilizer application method provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects: the phosphorus fertilizer application method is renovation of the traditional fertilizer application methods in which the phosphorus fertilizer is applied as the base fertilizer; as the seed fertilizer, the phosphorus fertilizer can effectively improve the salt and alkali resistance of the crops in the seedling stage, reduce the seedling death rate, improve the survival rate of seedlings, promote premature and rapid growth of the cotton and increase the yield, solves a critical bottleneck problem in cotton production in the saline-alkali soil and has important practical application value; and the method provided by the invention is simple and convenient to operate, is practical and can be widely used for cotton production in the saline-alkali soil.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of phosphorus method of executing that improves the anti-salt alkali ability of cotton in seedling stage, belong to production technology of crops, fertilizer operation technique field.
Background technology
Northern China hinterland and coastal beach are distributed with a large amount of salination and alkali-affected soil, and be serious to agricultural production harm.Be the crops periods the most responsive to saline and alkaline harm seedling stage, direct result is exactly that seedling lethality height causes the disconnected ridge that is short of seedling, perhaps growing is suppressed, and plant size, breeding time are inconsistent, have a strong impact on field management, population growth, output and economic benefit.
In order to improve the anti-salt alkali ability of crop, forefathers have carried out a large amount of research and development aspect application technology, and these technology can reduce following four types:
One, cultivate by conventional breeding or by genetically modified molecular breeding approach and to resist saline and alkaline crop new varieties or germplasm.At present, conventional breeding (comprise screening and domestication combination, hybridization combine with chemistry or radioinduction etc.) has obtained much to resist saline and alkaline new varieties, Chinese Academy of Sciences Xinjiang ecogeography research institute anti-salt wheat breed " new winter No. 26 ", " new winter No. 34 " of cultivating for example, have stronger anti-saline and alkaline characteristic and tangible high yield advantage (Chinese agriculture information, 2009 05 phases); The research of molecular breeding has obtained a series of patent of invention, mainly concentrates on the acquisition and the conversion aspect (He Yimin, Nian Hongjuan, Chen Li plum plant salt tolerance gene engineering progress, Chinese biological engineering magazine, 2009 03 phases) of anti-salt alkali gene.For example East China Normal University's summer great waves, Xu Kai, flood flat (2005) pass through the strong resistant gene of salt AtNHXS1 of new plant that the DNA shuffling technology obtains, and the methods such as structure, genetically modified plants that recombinant vector is provided to be to use said gene and protein, can cultivate the stronger or other biological of salt resistance and learn the improved genetically modified plants new varieties of proterties (ZL 200810033447.3).
Two,, make crop tide over saline and alkaline tricky time rapidly by external source growth regulatory substances such as exogenous hormone regulation and control seed vitality, the early stage growth fast of promotion seedling.For example, Zhao Kefu etc. have studied a kind of anti-salt drought resistant agent for plant and using method thereof, they press the special ratios prescription with gibberellin, salicylic acid, amino oligosaccharide (O-CMC) or their derivative and calcium salt, be used for soaking seed before the plant seeding, or seedling stage foliage-spray, improve the comprehensive salt tolerant drought-resistance ability of plant (Chinese patent application number 99112463.4).Feng Gu etc. have studied a kind of method and special-purpose soaking liquid thereof that improves halophyte seed germinating potential, the seed of plant is carried out the sharp processing of salt with the mixed aqueous solution that contains sodium chloride, calcium chloride, gibberellin, reach the raising seed vitality, make plant concentrate the purpose (China Patent No. ZL200710121126.4) of sprouting rapidly; The in addition Australian patent application AU-A-81394/75 similar to these patents of invention, french patent application FR-A-2440438 etc.
Three, alleviate saline and alkaline harm by improving the soil.For example, Zhao Lanpo etc. have developed a kind of saline-alkali soil modifying agent and improvement method, reduce the basicity of soil by using aluminum sulfate, thereby improve the output (patent No.: 200410010772) of crop on the alkaline earth.Yao Rongjiang etc. (2006) have reported that application of organic fertilizers, soil conditioner can improve soil structure, make crop yield (Yao Rongjiang, Yang Jingsong, Liu Guangming. the Northeast's saline-alkali soil feature and agro-ecology thereof are administered. soil, 2006 (3): 256-262).
Four, improve the anti-salt alkali ability of crop by the crop genetics measure.Studies show that much improving the salt-resistance of crop in seedling stage by agronomic measures is present the most feasible approach.For example Dong closes loyalty by ridge culture, regulates the Distribution Pattern in soil of salinity, reduces the root system purpose (Dong closes loyalty 2010) of salt concentration, promotion cotton growth on every side thereby reach.
Salt damage suppress one of reason of plant growth be under the high salt condition crop seedling stage root system phosphorus nutrient absorbing ability is reduced.Therefore, the soil available phosphorus concentration that satisfies the neat phosphorus nutrition of crop seedling on saline-alkali soil (is 0.5M NaHCO
3Can extract attitude phosphorus) should be higher than the critical phosphorus supply of normal soil.Yet according to existing cotton culture management mode, phosphate fertilizer is manured into soil as base manure usually.Under the salt damage condition, this soil available phosphorus concentration that technology increased of executing phosphate fertilizer can not satisfy the crop needs.In order to overcome crops seedling stage, be necessary to formulate new fertilizer practice because of the saline-alkaline tolerance that nutritional deficiency caused weakens this difficult problem.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of phosphorus method of executing that improves the anti-salt alkali ability of cotton in seedling stage, to solve the problem a little less than the anti-salt alkali ability of cotton in seedling stage on the saline land.
The phosphorus method of executing of cotton in seedling stage provided by the invention comprises the steps: that with total phosphorus nutriment in a fertilizer to be executed be base manure and seed manure; Spread fertilizer over the fields described base manure in cotton soil to be planted and plough deeply; Described seed manure is imposed in the soil of cotton planting.
Above-mentioned executes in the phosphorus method, and the quality percentage composition that described base manure accounts for described total phosphate fertilizer can be 60%-80%, specifically can be 80%; The quality percentage composition that described seed manure accounts for described total phosphate fertilizer is 20%-40%, specifically can be 20%; Total amount of application of the above total phosphate fertilizer of saline land is (with per hectare P
2O
5Kilogram number meter) should be than the optimum phosphorus application amount under areal, nonsaline-alkali soil and the identical cotton variety condition (with per hectare P
2O
5Kilogram number meter) many 5%-20%; Salt alkali content in the soil is high more, and the amount of described total phosphate fertilizer is also high more.
Above-mentioned executes in the phosphorus method, and the described degree of depth of ploughing deeply can be 20cm-30cm, specifically can be 20cm, 25cm or 30cm.
Above-mentioned executes in the phosphorus method, and described seed manure can the row replacement mode impose in the described soil, to improve the phosphorus concentration of cotton in seedling stage root, helps plant and resists coercing of soil alkaline.
Above-mentioned executes in the phosphorus method, and the sower of available band fertilizing box imposes on described seed manure in the described soil, executes the quality of seed manure row replacement operation with assurance, and reduces artificial the input.
Above-mentioned executes in the phosphorus method, and described seed manure can impose on the sowing row horizontal direction 0-10cm place of described cotton, as the 5cm place; The vertical depth that described seed manure imposes on the seed of the described cotton of described soil middle distance can be 2cm-15cm, as the 8cm place.
Above-mentioned executes in the phosphorus method, and described seed manure can the drip irrigation mode impose in the described soil, executes artificial input in the seed manure operating process with minimizing.
The traditional fertilization method used as base manure of phosphate fertilizer of having executed the phosphorus methodological innovation provided by the invention, phosphate fertilizer can effectively improve crops salt tolerant in seedling stage alkali ability as seed manure, reduce seedling death, improve survival rate of seedlings, promote cotton prematurity and growth fast, improve output, solve the bottleneck problem of a key in the Cotton Production on the saline land, had important application value.Method provided by the invention row easy and simple to handle, easy can be widely used in the Cotton Production on the saline-alkali soil.
Embodiment
Employed experimental technique is conventional method if no special instructions among the following embodiment.
Used material, reagent etc. if no special instructions, all can obtain from commercial channels among the following embodiment.
Among the following embodiment, the operations area that always applies fertilizer is the 0.1-1 hectare; Spacing in the rows between the cotton is 10cm.
Embodiment 1, diammonium phosphate imposes on the cotton rhizosphere as seed manure on sulphate-chloride solonchak
Newly broken in cotton breeding base, academy of agricultural sciences, Korla City Xinjiang, Xinjiang, the 0-30cm total salt content is 1.5% after measured, is the sulphate-chloride salt marsh soil of moderate~severe.
Trial crops is a upland cotton.
Phosphate fertilizer variety is diammonium phosphate (P
2O
5Content is 46%), its total amount of application is that 450 kg/ha (are equivalent to P
2O
5207 kg/ha).
Whole diammonium phosphate are divided into base manure and seed manure two parts, are manured into soil respectively.To be autumn the previous year evenly be sprinkling upon 80% (being diammonium phosphate 360 kg/ha) of the total amount of application of whole diammonium phosphate on the ground method of application of base manure, ploughs deeply the soil layer to 20cm then; Using of seed manure is that mode with row replacement is carried out, before the sowing in spring by 20% soil layer that impose on the 10cm degree of depth, the then planting after plastic covered of artificial trench digging with the total amount of application of diammonium phosphate.The diammonium phosphate of row replacement is positioned at 8cm position, seed vertical direction bottom, the position of horizontal direction 5cm.
Result of study shows: under nitrogen phosphorus fertilizer amount of application and all identical situation of other growth conditions, embodiment 1 all increases by 20.7% and 13.7% respectively as the fertilization mode cotton individual plant bell number and the output of base manure than traditional diammonium phosphate.
Superphosphate imposes on the cotton rhizosphere as seed manure on embodiment 2, the sulphate-chloride solonchak
Newly broken in cotton breeding base, academy of agricultural sciences, Korla City Xinjiang, Xinjiang, the 0-30cm total salt content is 1.5% after measured, is the sulphate-chloride salt marsh soil of moderate-severe.
Trial crops is a upland cotton.
Phosphate fertilizer variety is double superphosphate (P
2O
5Content is 46%), its total amount of application is 450 kg/ha.
Whole double superphosphate are divided into base manure and seed manure two parts, are manured into soil respectively.The method of application of base manure be autumn the previous year with the total amount of application of whole double superphosphate 80% (i.e. 360 kg/ha) evenly be sprinkling upon on the ground, plough deeply soil layer then to 30cm; Using of seed manure is mode with row replacement, before the sowing in spring by 20% soil layer that impose on the 10cm degree of depth, the then planting after plastic covered of artificial trench digging with the total amount of application of double superphosphate.The double superphosphate of row replacement is positioned at 8cm position, seed vertical direction bottom, the position of horizontal direction 5cm.
Result of study shows: under nitrogen phosphorus fertilizer amount of application and all identical situation of other growth conditions, embodiment 2 all increases by 30.6% and 23.2% respectively as the fertilization mode cotton individual plant bell number and the output of base manure than traditional double superphosphate.
Experiment shows that also embodiment 2 (double superphosphate is as seed manure row replacement technology) is than cotton individual plant bell number and the output difference high 7.3% and 14.6% of embodiment 1 (diammonium phosphate is as seed manure row replacement technology).
Double superphosphate imposes on the cotton rhizosphere as base manure, potassium dihydrogen phosphate as seed manure and by the drip irrigation mode on embodiment 3, the chloride-sulphate solonchak
Newly broken in cotton breeding base, academy of agricultural sciences, Korla City Xinjiang, Xinjiang, the 0-30cm total salt content is 1.5% after measured, is the sulphate-chloride salt marsh soil of moderate-severe.
Trial crops is a upland cotton.
Phosphate fertilizer variety is double superphosphate (P
2O
5Content is 46%) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (P
2O
5Content is 51%), total amount of application of two kinds of phosphate fertilizer is 207 kg/ha.
(be P at first with 80% of total phosphorus application amount
2O
5165.6 kg/ha) with double superphosphate (P
2O
5Content is 46%) be manured into soil in autumn last year as base manure, occupation mode is earlier 360 kg/ha double superphosphate evenly to be spread fertilizer over the fields on the ground, ploughs deeply the soil layer to 25cm then.In spring, what will be equivalent to total phosphorus application amount 20% (is P
2O
541.4 kg/ha) potassium dihydrogen phosphate (P
2O
5Content is 51%) as seed manure by the drip irrigation mode, drip to water when emerging water in spring and splash into water around the cotton seeds.The amount of application of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 81.2 kg/ha.
Result of study shows: under nitrogen phosphorus fertilizer amount of application and all identical situation of other growth conditions, embodiment 3 compares with traditional fertilization mode (promptly adopting the base manure mode), and output of cotton increases by 4%.
Diammonium phosphate imposes on the cotton rhizosphere as base manure, double superphosphate as seed manure and by sower on embodiment 4, the chloride-sulphate solonchak
Newly broken in cotton breeding base, academy of agricultural sciences, Korla City Xinjiang, Xinjiang, the 0-30cm total salt content is 1.5% after measured, is the sulphate-chloride salt marsh soil of moderate-severe.
Trial crops is a upland cotton.
Phosphate fertilizer variety is diammonium phosphate (P
2O
5Content is 46%) and double superphosphate (P
2O
5Content is 46%), total amount of application of two kinds of phosphate fertilizer is 207 kg/ha.
At first being equivalent to total phosphorus application amount 80% (is P
2O
5165.6 phosphate fertilizer kg/ha) is manured into soil in autumn last year as base manure with the diammonium phosphate form, occupation mode is earlier with 360 kg/ha diammonium phosphate (P
2O
5Content is 46%) evenly spread fertilizer over the fields on the ground, plough deeply soil layer then to 20cm.Using of seed manure is that cotton planter with band seed manure case carries out in the mode of row replacement: at first will be equivalent to total phosphorus application amount 20% (is P
2O
541.4 phosphate fertilizer double superphosphate kg/ha) (contains P
2O
5Being 46%) 90 kg/ha pack in the fertilizer bin of sower, by the row replacements simultaneously of four fertilizer applying holes, spreading then, sowing.The double superphosphate of row replacement is positioned at the position of seed vertical direction bottom 8cm, horizontal direction 5cm.
Result of study shows: under nitrogen phosphorus fertilizer amount of application and all identical situation of other growth conditions, embodiment 4 increases by 24.7% than the output of cotton of peasant habit fertilising (promptly adopting the base manure mode).
Double superphosphate imposes on the cotton rhizosphere as base manure, diammonium phosphate as seed manure and by sower on embodiment 5, the chloride-sulphate solonchak
Newly broken in cotton breeding base, academy of agricultural sciences, Korla City Xinjiang, Xinjiang, the 0-30cm total salt content is 1.5% after measured, is the sulphate-chloride salt marsh soil of moderate-severe.
Trial crops is a upland cotton.
Phosphate fertilizer variety is diammonium phosphate (P
2O
5Content is 46%) and double superphosphate (P
2O
5Content is 46%), total amount of application of two kinds of phosphate fertilizer is 207 kg/ha.
At first will be equivalent to total phosphorus application amount 80% (is P
2O
5165.6 kg/ha) double superphosphate (P
2O
5Content is 46%) be manured into soil in autumn last year as base manure, occupation mode is earlier 360 kg/ha double superphosphate evenly to be spread fertilizer over the fields on the ground, ploughs deeply the soil layer to 20-30cm then.Using of seed manure is that cotton planter with band seed manure case carries out in the mode of row replacement.At first will be equivalent to total phosphorus application amount 20% (is P
2O
541.4 diammonium phosphate kg/ha) (contains P
2O
546%) 90 kg/ha are packed in the fertilizer bin of sower, by the row replacements simultaneously of four fertilizer applying holes, spreading then, sowing.The diammonium phosphate of row replacement is positioned at the position of seed vertical direction bottom 8cm, horizontal direction 5cm.
Result of study shows: under nitrogen phosphorus fertilizer amount of application and all identical situation of other growth conditions, embodiment 5 increases by 19% than the output of cotton of peasant habit fertilising (promptly adopting the base manure mode).
Claims (8)
1. a phosphorus method of executing that grows cotton comprises the steps: that with total phosphorus nutriment in a fertilizer to be executed be base manure and seed manure; Spread fertilizer over the fields described base manure in cotton soil to be planted and plough deeply; Described seed manure is imposed in the soil of cotton planting.
2. the phosphorus method of executing according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the quality percentage composition that described base manure accounts for described total phosphate fertilizer is 60%-80%; The quality percentage composition that described seed manure accounts for described total phosphate fertilizer is 20%-40%.
3. the phosphorus method of executing according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: the described degree of depth of ploughing deeply is 20cm-30cm.
4. according to arbitrary described phosphorus method of executing among the claim 1-3, it is characterized in that: described seed manure imposes in the described soil in the row replacement mode.
5. the phosphorus method of executing according to claim 4 is characterized in that: with sower described seed manure is imposed in the described soil.
6. according to claim 4 or the 5 described phosphorus methods of executing, it is characterized in that: described seed manure imposes on the sowing row horizontal direction 0-10cm place of described cotton; The vertical depth that described seed manure imposes on the seed of the described cotton of described soil middle distance is 2cm-15cm.
7. according to arbitrary described phosphorus method of executing among the claim 1-3, it is characterized in that: described seed manure imposes in the described soil in the drip irrigation mode.
8. according to arbitrary described phosphorus method of executing among the claim 1-7, it is characterized in that: the soil of described cotton planting is the saline land.
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Cited By (3)
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---|---|---|---|---|
CN102550192A (en) * | 2012-03-05 | 2012-07-11 | 山东棉花研究中心 | Method for applying fertilizers to cotton in severe saline-alkali land |
US20140274719A1 (en) * | 2013-03-12 | 2014-09-18 | Mid-America Distributing, Llc | Food-grade fertilizer for crops |
CN112931128A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-06-11 | 新疆标谱检测工程技术有限公司 | Drip irrigation film-covered cotton cultivation method |
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102550192A (en) * | 2012-03-05 | 2012-07-11 | 山东棉花研究中心 | Method for applying fertilizers to cotton in severe saline-alkali land |
US20140274719A1 (en) * | 2013-03-12 | 2014-09-18 | Mid-America Distributing, Llc | Food-grade fertilizer for crops |
US10173939B2 (en) * | 2013-03-12 | 2019-01-08 | Mid-America Distributing, Llc | Food-grade fertilizer for crops |
CN112931128A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-06-11 | 新疆标谱检测工程技术有限公司 | Drip irrigation film-covered cotton cultivation method |
CN112931128B (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2023-09-01 | 新疆标谱检测工程技术有限公司 | Cultivation method of drip irrigation film-covered cotton |
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