CN105850263B - A kind of fertilizer irrigation method of saline-alkali soil facilities vegetable volume increase - Google Patents
A kind of fertilizer irrigation method of saline-alkali soil facilities vegetable volume increase Download PDFInfo
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- CN105850263B CN105850263B CN201610206193.5A CN201610206193A CN105850263B CN 105850263 B CN105850263 B CN 105850263B CN 201610206193 A CN201610206193 A CN 201610206193A CN 105850263 B CN105850263 B CN 105850263B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/007—Determining fertilization requirements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of fertilizer irrigation method of saline-alkali soil facilities vegetable volume increase, layout planning is ploughed before field planting, and 200~250kg/hm is calculated as with purity nitrogen in pending soil radix heap2, phosphate fertilizer is with P2O5It is calculated as 250~300kg/hm2, potash fertilizer is with K2O is calculated as 200~250kg/hm2；Whole vegetables fertility season Nitrogen Top Dressing 75~525kg/hm in terms of purity nitrogen2, potash fertilizer is with K2O is calculated as 300~350kg/hm2；And/or the irrigation method of vegetables whole breeding time and total irrigation quantity is set to be 269~300mm of 136~150mm of drip irrigation or broad irrigation.The present invention reduces total irrigation volume of vegetables whole breeding time, so that yield of vegetables increase about 11%, amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer reduces more than 40% than control group fertilising, and total irrigation volume of whole breeding time reduces more than 50% than control group irrigation quantity by being reduced Nitrogen Top Dressing.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fertilizer irrigation method of saline-alkali soil facilities vegetable volume increase, belong to agricultural technology field.
Background technology
Salt-soda soil is a species of salt aggregation, refers to that the salinity contained by inside soil has influence on the normal life of crop
Long, China is 99,130,000 hectares.The formation of China's alkaline earth and alkali-affected soil, it is most of accumulative relevant with Carbonates In Soil,
Thus basicity is universal higher, and serious salt affected soil regional plant can hardly survive.The pH value of alkaline land soil is all 10
More than, be not suitable for plant growth.
How salt-soda soil allows vegetable increase production, is a problem for being worth research.At present, saline-alkali soil vegetable increase production technique study
Seldom, Chinese patent document CN105145073A (201510561458.9) discloses salt-soda soil interplanting vegetable increase production method, main
If realized by the planting patterns of interplanting.Excessive fertilization irrigation phenomenon is serious in vegetable production in green house, not only reduces vegetables
Quality, increase the pollution potential to underground water and air, and long-term excessive fertilization can increase soil salt content, aggravate salt
Stain degree, reduce soil productivity.This phenomenon is particularly acute on saline-alkali soil, therefore, during saline-alkali soil vegetable cultivation as
What keeps soil productivity by the optimization of fertilizer irrigation technology, promotes this problems demand of vegetable increase production to solve.
The content of the invention
In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of fertilizer irrigation method of saline-alkali soil facilities vegetable volume increase, should
Method can be greatly enhanced saline-alkali soil facilities vegetable yield, simple and convenient, workable, cost is cheap, practical.
Technical scheme is as follows：
A kind of fertilizer irrigation method of saline-alkali soil facilities vegetable volume increase, layout planning is ploughed before field planting, in pending facility
Vegetable field soil base fertilising material nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer；Wherein nitrogen fertilizer amount is calculated as 200~250kg/hm with purity nitrogen2, Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates
With P2O5It is calculated as 250~300kg/hm2, Potassium Fertilizer is with K2O is calculated as 200~250kg/hm2；Whole vegetables fertility imposes fertilizer in season
Nitrogenous fertilizer and potash fertilizer, wherein nitrogen fertilizer amount are calculated as 75~225kg/hm with purity nitrogen2, Potassium Fertilizer is with K2O is calculated as 300~350kg/
hm2；And/or make the irrigation method of vegetables whole breeding time and total irrigation quantity be 130~150mm of drip irrigation or broad irrigation 260~
300mm, so that saline-alkali soil facilities vegetable increases production.
Currently preferred, the fertilizer irrigation method of described saline-alkali soil facilities vegetable volume increase, layout planning is ploughed field planting
Before, applied fertilizer in pending layout planning soil base and expect nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer；Wherein nitrogen fertilizer amount is calculated as 225kg/ with purity nitrogen
hm2, Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates are with P2O5It is calculated as 300kg/hm2, Potassium Fertilizer is with K2O is calculated as 225kg/hm2。
Fertilizer irrigation method currently preferred, that described saline-alkali soil facilities vegetable increases production, whole vegetables fertility chase after in season
Fertilising material nitrogenous fertilizer and potash fertilizer, wherein nitrogen fertilizer amount are calculated as 225kg/hm with purity nitrogen2, Potassium Fertilizer is with K2O is calculated as 315kg/hm2, from
And increase production saline-alkali soil facilities vegetable.
Currently preferred, the fertilizer irrigation method of the saline-alkali soil facilities vegetable volume increase is total suitable for long-term applying nitrogen fertilizer
Amount is higher than 450kg/hm in terms of purity nitrogen2Layout planning.
It is currently preferred, the fertilizer irrigation method of the saline-alkali soil facilities vegetable volume increase, make vegetables whole breeding time
Irrigation method and total irrigation quantity are drip irrigation 136mm, so that saline-alkali soil facilities vegetable increases production.
Currently preferred, described saline-alkali soil facilities vegetable volume increase fertilizer irrigation method, irrigation method and total irrigation quantity
To carry out pouring water for the first time after field planting, irrigation quantity is the 18~22% of total irrigation quantity, and remaining irrigation quantity divides 5-7 progress.Enter
One step is preferable, carries out pouring water for the first time after field planting, and irrigation quantity is the 19% of total irrigation quantity, and remaining irrigation quantity divides 6 progress
Irrigate.
Currently preferred, described pending saline-alkali soil layout planning soil is plantation cucumber or tomato fruit type vegetable
Saline moist soil.
Currently preferred, when described pending saline-alkali soil layout planning plantation is tomato, layout planning is ploughed
Before field planting, applied fertilizer in pending layout planning soil base and expect nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer；Wherein nitrogen fertilizer amount is calculated as with purity nitrogen
225kg/hm2, Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates are with P2O5It is calculated as 300kg/hm2, Potassium Fertilizer is with K2O is calculated as 225kg/hm2；Whole tomato fertility season
Fertilizer nitrogenous fertilizer and potash fertilizer are imposed, wherein nitrogen fertilizer amount is calculated as 225kg/hm with purity nitrogen2, Potassium Fertilizer is with K2O is calculated as 315kg/hm2,
It is drip irrigation 136mm to make the irrigation method of vegetables whole breeding time and total irrigation quantity.
Currently preferred, base fertilising expects to apply pending layout planning soil in early December base.
Currently preferred, the base of fertilizer is applied mode and turned over to carry out machinery after artificial uniformly application, imposes mode as punching
Apply.
Fertilizer of the present invention is conventional commercial chemistry fertilizer purchased in market.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows：
(1) the fertilizer irrigation method of saline-alkali soil facilities vegetable of the invention volume increase, can be greatly enhanced salt-soda soil facility vegetable
The fertilizer and efficiency of water application of dish, reduce environmental pollution and the wasting of resources caused by being irrigated due to excessive fertilization.This method is easy
It is easy, workable, practical.
(2) the fertilizer irrigation method of saline-alkali soil facilities vegetable of the invention volume increase, is reduced in pending layout planning soil
Nitrogen Top Dressing, and total irrigation volume by drip irrigation reduction vegetables whole breeding time, so that yield of vegetables increase about 11%,
Amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer reduces more than 40% than control group fertilising, and total irrigation volume of whole breeding time reduces 50% than control group irrigation quantity
More than, larger reduces cost.
Embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, the present invention will be further described, but not limited to this.
In embodiment, azophoska is respectively urea, calcium superphosphate and potassium sulfate, is common market chemical fertilizer.It is real
Apply the fertilizer irrigation method that example selects the carrying out Vegetable volume increase of Dezhou Yucheng Area salt-soda soil.
Embodiment 1：
A kind of fertilizer irrigation method of saline-alkali soil vegetable increase production, including step are as follows：
Nitrogenous fertilizer total amount is applied in pending saline-alkali soil soil, and 450kg/hm is calculated as with purity nitrogen2, phosphate fertilizer total amount is with P2O5It is calculated as
300kg/hm2With potash fertilizer total amount with K2O is calculated as 540kg/hm2；Before wherein layout planning ploughs field planting, radix heap dosage is with pure
Nitrogen is calculated as 225kg/hm2, Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates are with P2O5It is calculated as 300kg/hm2, Potassium Fertilizer is with K2O is calculated as 225kg/hm2.Whole tomato
It is nitrogenous fertilizer 225kg/hm in terms of purity nitrogen to give birth to season dressing fertilizer doses2, potash fertilizer is with K2O is calculated as 315kg/hm2.Is carried out after field planting
Once to pour water, irrigation quantity is the 19% of total irrigation quantity, and total irrigation quantity is 269mm, remaining requirement of " see dry see wet " of pouring water and follow,
6 progress of irrigation quantity point, irrigation method is broad irrigation.
Yield trials is carried out by taking long-term cropping tomato as an example.The embodiment of the present invention 1 is treatment group, control group：Apply nitrogenous fertilizer
Total amount is calculated as 750kg/hm with purity nitrogen2, phosphate fertilizer total amount is with P2O5It is calculated as 300kg/hm2With potash fertilizer total amount with K2O is calculated as 540kg/
hm2；Wherein radix heap dosage is calculated as 225kg/hm with purity nitrogen2, Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates are with P2O5It is calculated as 300kg/hm2, Potassium Fertilizer with
K2O is calculated as 225kg/hm2.Whole tomato fertility season dressing fertilizer doses is nitrogenous fertilizer 525kg/hm in terms of purity nitrogen2, potash fertilizer is with K2O is calculated as
315kg/hm2, after field planting pour water for the first time, irrigation quantity is the 19% of total irrigation quantity, and total irrigation quantity is 269mm, remaining
6 progress of irrigation quantity point, irrigation method is broad irrigation.
It is colonized from December 10th, 2014 and uproots plants after their edible portions have been harvested only on May 14th, 2015, treatment group tomato cumulative production is 66.67 ±
4.38t/hm2, control group tomato cumulative production is 64.29 ± 3.24t/hm2, treatment group is compared with control group volume increase 3.21%.
Embodiment 2：
A kind of fertilizer irrigation method of saline-alkali soil vegetable increase production, including step are as follows：
Nitrogenous fertilizer total amount is applied in pending saline-alkali soil soil, and 450kg/hm is calculated as with purity nitrogen2, phosphate fertilizer total amount is with P2O5It is calculated as
300kg/hm2With potash fertilizer total amount with K2O is calculated as 540kg/hm2；Before wherein layout planning ploughs field planting, radix heap dosage is with pure
Nitrogen is calculated as 225kg/hm2, Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates are with P2O5It is calculated as 300kg/hm2, Potassium Fertilizer is with K2O is calculated as 225kg/hm2.Whole tomato
It is nitrogenous fertilizer 225kg/hm in terms of purity nitrogen to give birth to season dressing fertilizer doses2, potash fertilizer is with K2O is calculated as 315kg/hm2, is carried out after field planting
Once to pour water, irrigation quantity is the 19% of total irrigation quantity, and total irrigation quantity is 136mm, remaining requirement of " see dry see wet " of pouring water and follow,
6 progress of irrigation quantity point, irrigation method is drip irrigation.
Yield trials is carried out by taking long-term cropping tomato as an example.The embodiment of the present invention 2 is treatment group, control group：Apply nitrogenous fertilizer
Total amount is calculated as 750kg/hm with purity nitrogen2, phosphate fertilizer total amount is with P2O5It is calculated as 300kg/hm2With potash fertilizer total amount with K2O is calculated as 540kg/
hm2；Wherein radix heap dosage is calculated as 225kg/hm with purity nitrogen2, Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates are with P2O5It is calculated as 300kg/hm2, Potassium Fertilizer with
K2O is calculated as 225kg/hm2.Whole tomato fertility season dressing fertilizer doses is nitrogenous fertilizer 525kg/hm in terms of purity nitrogen2, potash fertilizer is with K2O is calculated as
315kg/hm2, after field planting pour water for the first time, irrigation quantity is the 19% of total irrigation quantity, and total irrigation quantity is 269mm, remaining
6 progress of irrigation quantity point, irrigation method is broad irrigation.
It is colonized from December 10th, 2014 and uproots plants after their edible portions have been harvested only on May 14th, 2015, treatment group tomato cumulative production is 71.93 ±
3.40t/hm2, control group tomato cumulative production is 64.29 ± 3.24t/hm2, treatment group significantly increases production 11.35% compared with control group.
Embodiment 3：
A kind of fertilizer irrigation method of saline-alkali soil vegetable increase production, including step are as follows：
Nitrogenous fertilizer total amount is applied in pending saline-alkali soil soil, and 300kg/hm is calculated as with purity nitrogen2, phosphate fertilizer total amount is with P2O5It is calculated as
300kg/hm2With potash fertilizer total amount with K2O is calculated as 540kg/hm2；Before wherein layout planning ploughs field planting, radix heap dosage is with pure
Nitrogen is calculated as 225kg/hm2, Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates are with P2O5It is calculated as 300kg/hm2, Potassium Fertilizer is with K2O is calculated as 225kg/hm2.Whole tomato
It is nitrogenous fertilizer 75kg/hm in terms of purity nitrogen to give birth to season dressing fertilizer doses2, potash fertilizer is with K2O is calculated as 315kg/hm2, first is carried out after field planting
Secondary to pour water, irrigation quantity is the 19% of total irrigation quantity, and total irrigation quantity be 136mm, remaining requirement of " see dry see wet " of pouring water and follow, filling
6 progress of water point, irrigation method is drip irrigation.
Yield trials is carried out by taking long-term cropping tomato as an example.The embodiment of the present invention 3 is treatment group, control group：Apply nitrogenous fertilizer
Total amount is calculated as 750kg/hm with purity nitrogen2, phosphate fertilizer total amount is with P2O5It is calculated as 300kg/hm2With potash fertilizer total amount with K2O is calculated as 540kg/
hm2.Wherein radix heap dosage is calculated as 225kg/hm with purity nitrogen2, Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates are with P2O5It is calculated as 300kg/hm2, Potassium Fertilizer with
K2O is calculated as 225kg/hm2.Whole tomato fertility season dressing fertilizer doses is nitrogenous fertilizer 525kg/hm in terms of purity nitrogen2, potash fertilizer is with K2O is calculated as
315kg/hm2, after field planting pour water for the first time, irrigation quantity is the 19% of total irrigation quantity, and total irrigation quantity is 269mm, remaining
6 progress of irrigation quantity point, irrigation method is broad irrigation.
It is colonized from December 10th, 2014 and uproots plants after their edible portions have been harvested only on May 14th, 2015, treatment group tomato cumulative production is 69.70 ±
2.63t/hm2, control group tomato cumulative production is 64.29 ± 3.24t/hm2, treatment group is compared with control group volume increase 7.91%.
Claims (9)
- A kind of 1. fertilizer irrigation method of saline-alkali soil facilities vegetable volume increase, it is characterised in that layout planning is ploughed before field planting, is being treated Saline-alkali soil layout planning soil base fertilising material nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer of processing；Wherein nitrogen fertilizer amount be calculated as 200 with purity nitrogen~ 250kg/hm2, Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates are with P2O5It is calculated as 250~300kg/hm2, Potassium Fertilizer is with K2O is calculated as 200~250kg/hm2；Entirely Vegetables fertility imposes fertilizer nitrogenous fertilizer and potash fertilizer season, and wherein nitrogen fertilizer amount is calculated as 75~225kg/hm with purity nitrogen2, Potassium Fertilizer is with K2O It is calculated as 300~350kg/hm2；It is 130~150mm of drip irrigation or big with the irrigation method and total irrigation quantity for making vegetables whole breeding time 260~300mm of water flood irrigation；Carry out pouring water for the first time after field planting, irrigation quantity is the 18~22% of total irrigation quantity, remaining irrigation quantity Divide 5-7 progress.
- 2. the fertilizer irrigation method of saline-alkali soil facilities vegetable volume increase according to claim 1, it is characterised in that layout planning Plough before field planting, applied fertilizer in pending layout planning soil base and expect nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer；Wherein nitrogen fertilizer amount is calculated as with purity nitrogen 225kg/hm2, Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates are with P2O5It is calculated as 300kg/hm2, Potassium Fertilizer is with K2O is calculated as 225kg/hm2。
- 3. the fertilizer irrigation method of saline-alkali soil facilities vegetable volume increase according to claim 1, it is characterised in that whole vegetables Fertility imposes fertilizer nitrogenous fertilizer and potash fertilizer season, and wherein nitrogen fertilizer amount is calculated as 225kg/hm with purity nitrogen2, Potassium Fertilizer is with K2O is calculated as 315kg/hm2, so that saline-alkali soil facilities vegetable increases production.
- 4. the fertilizer irrigation method of saline-alkali soil facilities vegetable volume increase according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described saline and alkaline The fertilizer irrigation method of native facilities vegetable volume increase is higher than 450kg/hm suitable for long-term applying nitrogen fertilizer total amount in terms of purity nitrogen2Facility Vegetable plot.
- 5. the fertilizer irrigation method of saline-alkali soil facilities vegetable volume increase according to claim 1, it is characterised in that make vegetables whole The irrigation method of individual breeding time and total irrigation quantity are drip irrigation 136mm or broad irrigation 269mm, so that saline-alkali soil facilities vegetable increases Production.
- 6. the fertilizer irrigation method of saline-alkali soil facilities vegetable volume increase according to claim 1, it is characterised in that make vegetables whole The irrigation method of individual breeding time and total irrigation quantity are to carry out pouring water for the first time after field planting, and irrigation quantity is the 19% of total irrigation quantity, Remaining irrigation quantity, which divides 6 times, is irrigated.
- 7. the fertilizer irrigation method of saline-alkali soil facilities vegetable volume increase according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described treats The saline-alkali soil layout planning soil of processing is plantation cucumber or the saline moist soil of tomato fruit type vegetable.
- 8. the fertilizer irrigation method of saline-alkali soil facilities vegetable volume increase according to claim 1, it is characterised in that when described When pending saline-alkali soil layout planning plantation is tomato, layout planning is ploughed before field planting, in pending layout planning soil base Fertilising material nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer；Wherein nitrogen fertilizer amount is calculated as 225kg/hm with purity nitrogen2, Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates are with P2O5It is calculated as 300kg/ hm2, Potassium Fertilizer is with K2O is calculated as 225kg/hm2；Whole tomato fertility imposes fertilizer nitrogenous fertilizer and potash fertilizer season, wherein nitrogen fertilizer amount with Purity nitrogen is calculated as 225kg/hm2, Potassium Fertilizer is with K2O is calculated as 315kg/hm2, make the irrigation method of vegetables whole breeding time and total filling Water is drip irrigation 136mm.
- 9. the fertilizer irrigation method of saline-alkali soil facilities vegetable volume increase according to claim 1, it is characterised in that base fertilising material Pending saline-alkali soil layout planning soil is applied in early December base, the base of fertilizer applies mode to be carried out after artificial uniformly application Machinery is turned over, and is imposed mode and is applied for punching.
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| CN108093732A (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2018-06-01 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | A kind of fertilizing method of light salt-soda soil facilities vegetable less salt volume increase |
| CN108419497A (en) * | 2018-04-02 | 2018-08-21 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | The method for increasing of polymer composite reduction nitrogen phosphorus leaching is not used in a kind of layout planning |
| CN110214643B (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2024-04-09 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Weight-losing and synergistic cultivation method for processing tomatoes suitable for Xinjiang saline-alkali soil |
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| RU2354090C1 (en) * | 2007-07-23 | 2009-05-10 | Федеральное государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Волгоградская государственная сельскохозяйственная академия" | Method of soy cultivation |
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