RU2354090C1 - Method of soy cultivation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method of soy cultivation includes application of microelements during particular phase of growing together with macro fertilisers of nitrogen, phosphor and potassium. Microelements are dosed into root systems together with irrigation water by drop irrigation system. Microelements are applied in the form of a solution of bischofite natural mineral of the formula MgCl₂·6H₂O in phase of plants' vegetation. For ultra early varieties with heat availability1700°C and less at the ratio of 6-10 wt % of bischofite water-salt solution 1.2-1.3 t/m³, l/hectare: Seeding and sprouting 25-50; Budding 30-60; Blooming 20-40; Fruit inception 60-80; Ripening 70-120. For very early repining soy varieties with thermal availability 1701-1900°C, the solution of bischofite is prepared at the rate of 10-15 wt % of water-salt solution of bischofite with a density 1.2-1.3 t/m³ and applied by norms of l/hectare in the phase: Seeding and sprouting 30-55; Budding 35-70; Blooming 25-50; Fruit inception 40-60; Ripening 60-100. For early repining varieties of soy with thermal availability 1901-2200°C, the solution of bischofite is prepared at the rate of 12-18 wt % of water-salt solution of bischofite with a density 1.2-1.3 t/m³ and applied by norms of l/hectare in the phase: Seeding and sprouting 25-50; Budding 30-60; Blooming 20-45; Fruit inception 35-55; Ripening 45-85. For intermediate repining soy varieties with thermal availability 2201-2300°C, the solution of bischofite is prepared at the rate of 10-15 wt % of water-salt solution of bischofite with a density 1.2-1.3 t/m³ and applied by norms of l/hectare in the phase: Seeding and sprouting 20-45; Budding 25-55; Blooming 20-60; Fruit inception 40-60; Ripening 40-80. For intermediate varieties of soy with thermal availability 2301-2400°C, the solution of bischofite is prepared at the rate of 18-25 wt % of water-salt solution of bischofite with a density 1.2-1.3 t/m³ and applied by norms of l/hectare in the phase: Seeding and sprouting 30-50; Budding 30-60; Blooming 30-90; Fruit inception 50-70; Ripening 60-90. For intermediate late ripening soy varieties with thermal availability 2401-2600°C, the solution of bischofite is prepared at the rate of 20-30 wt % of water-salt solution of bischofite with a density 1.2-1.3 t/m³ and applied by norms of l/hectare in the phase: Seeding and sprouting 30-35; Budding 30-40; Blooming 30-45; Fruit inception 50-55; Ripening 60-65. For late repining soy varieties with thermal availability 2601-3000°C, the solution of bischofite is prepared at the rate of 25-35 wt % of water-salt solution of bischofite with a density 1.2-1.3 t/m³ and applied by norms of l/hectare in the phase: Seeding and sprouting 35-40; Budding 35-60; Blooming 35-45; Fruit inception 55-60; Ripening 65-70. For very late repining soy varieties with thermal availability 3001-3500°C, the solution of bischofite is prepared at the rate of 30-40 wt % of water-salt solution of bischofite with a density 1.2-1.3 t/m³ and applied by norms of l/hectare in the phase: Seeding and sprouting 40-45; Budding 40-50; Blooming 40-65; Fruit inception 60-70; Ripening 70-75. For especially late ripening varieties of soy with thermal availability more than 3500°C, the solution of bischofite is prepared at the rate of 35-45 wt % of water-salt solution of bischofite with a density 1.2-1.3 t/m³ and applied by norms of l/hectare in the phase: Seeding and sprouting 45-50; Budding 40-45; Blooming 35-40; Fruit inception 50-60; Ripening 75-80.

EFFECT: increase of protein and fat content and decrease of trypsin inhibitor activity.

1 dwg, 13 tbl, 8 ex

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in the cultivation of soybean in irrigated agriculture, in particular in a drip irrigation system.

A known method of presowing treatment of soybean seeds, comprising exposing the seeds to a liquid medium containing a seed germination stimulator, in which a sulfate bischofite brine of the formula MgCl ₂ · 6H ₂ O is used as a growth stimulator, and the exposure is carried out for 2-8 hours at 30-45 ° C (RU, patent No. 2174746 C1, IPC ⁷ А01С 1/00, A01N 59/00. The method of presowing treatment of soybean seeds / I.P. Kruzhilin, V.V.Tolokonnikov, AMSaldaev (RU). - Application No.2000100554 / 13; claimed January 10, 2000; publ. October 20, 2001, bull. No. 29).

In this method of pre-sowing treatment of soybean seeds, macro- and micronutrients from the brine of the natural mineral bischofite have a positive effect on plants only during the "sowing-seedlings" due to the small dose held by the shell of each seed.

A known method of cultivating soybean, including foliar top dressing, in which top dressing is carried out three times, starting from the formation phase of two ternate leaves until the end of the flowering phase, and as a top dressing, a mixture of fermented straw manure with water is used in the ratio of manure: water 1: 5-10; a mixture of fermented straw manure with water is prepared for 7-10 days in a ratio of 1: 5-10, and the second top dressing is carried out 14 days after the first (RU Patent No. 2188532 C2, IPC ⁷ A01C 21/00. The method of cultivating soybean / A .F. Kislov (RU) .- Application No.2000101076 / 13; claimed 12.01.2000; publ. 09/10/2002, bull. No. 25 // Inventions. Utility models. - 2002. - No. 25).

The disadvantages of the described method of soybean cultivation in relation to the problem we are solving are the production of high-quality grain of ultra-ripe, very early-ripening, early-ripening, medium-ripening, mid-ripening, mid-ripening, late-ripening, very late-ripening and extremely late-ripening soybean varieties when cultivated in the conditions of sharply continental humid climate - the inefficiency of non-root top dressing with a mixture of fermented manure with water refers to the fact that due to pubescence soybean leaves and stems, firstly, are not wetted, and secondly, they quickly dry out due to the peculiarities of the climatic zone in southern Russia. It should also be noted that the described solution does not contain the trace elements Zn, B, Al, Cu, Ni, Mo, Co, J, F, Sr, Cr, Se, Fe, Mn, etc. vital for soy.

There is also known a method for foliar feeding of soybeans, including triple spraying of plants during the growing season with a mixture of liquid fertilizers, in which two or three treatments are carried out with Irlit 1 and Irlit 7 solutions at a dose of 15 kg / ha each or Irlit 7 - 20 kg / ha, liquid complex fertilizers - 10 kg / ha, potassium sulfate - 11 kg / ha, urea - 27 kg / ha per 200 l of water (RU, patent No. 2262222 C2, IPC ⁷ A01C 21/00. Method of foliar feeding of soybean / A.A. Abaev ( RU) .- Application No. 2003129934/12; filed October 8, 2003; published October 20, 2005, Bulletin No. 28 // Inventions. Utility Models. - 2005. - No. 28).

The disadvantages of the described method of non-root processing of soybeans include the inability to perform the technological operation itself. With a row spacing of 0.15 m and 0.30 m, the rows close in the branching phase. With a row spacing of 0.45 m in soybean crops, the rows close in the budding phase. In wide-row soybean crops of 0.6 m and 0.7 m, rows of soybeans close in the flowering phase. Soybean plants are in dire need of micronutrient nutrition in the phases of "Germination - sowing - seedlings" - "Budding - flowering" - "Fruiting" - "Ripening and filling of grain." The pseudo-preparations Irlit 1 and Irlit 7 are not characterized by the content of macro- and microelements. The latter are not disclosed in the scientific literature. The described preparations can only be used in conjunction with housing and communal services, potash and nitrogen fertilizers. This leads to large material and labor costs.

A known method of feeding soybean plants, including the introduction of macro- and microelements in certain phases of development, in which, in the budding and flowering phase against the background of macro-fertilizers of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, is fed with mineral water with a slightly alkaline reaction in an amount of 250-300 l / ha (RU, patent No. 2265306 C1, IPC ⁷ АСС 21/00. Method for feeding soybean plants / S.Kh.Dzanagov, S.A. Bekuzarova, T.K. Lazarov, A.E. Basnev, A.Yu. Khadikov (RU). - Application No. 2004103681/12; filed December 10, 2005; publ. December 10, 2005, Bulletin No. 34 // Inventions. Useful models. - 2005. - No. 34).

We have described the described method as the closest analogue.

The disadvantages of the described method include the fact that in Zamakul mineral water there is a limited number of trace elements, and their content is clearly insufficient to obtain high-quality grain.

The essence of the claimed invention is as follows.

The problem to which the claimed invention is directed is to improve the grain quality of ultra-ripening, very early-ripening, early-ripening, mid-ripening, mid-ripening, mid-ripening, late ripening, very late ripening and extremely late ripening soybean varieties when cultivated in the sharply continental climate of the Lower Volga Volga in the drip system.

The technical result is an increase in protein and fat and a decrease in the trypsin-inhibiting activity of soybean grain.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known method of soybean cultivation, including the introduction of trace elements in certain phases of development against the background of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, according to the invention, trace elements vital for soybean plants are introduced into the root systems fractionally together with irrigation water of the drip irrigation system in a solution of a natural mineral bishofit formula MgCl ₂ · 6H ₂ O phase by the vegetative plant varieties with ultra-fast heat supply 1700 ° C and less rules 6-10 wt.% brine ishofita density of 1.2-1.3 tons / m ^3, liters / hectare:

Sowing seedlings 25-50 Budding 30-60 Bloom 20-40 Fruiting 60-80 Maturation 70-120,

very early varieties of soybeans with heat supply of 1701-1900 ° C with norms of 10-15 wt.% bischofite brine and a density of 1.2-1.3 t / m ³ , l / ha:

Sowing seedlings 30-55 Budding 35-70 Bloom 25-50 Fruiting 40-60 Maturation 60-100,

early ripening soybean varieties with a heat supply of 1901-2200 ° C with standards 12-18

wt.% bischofite brine and a density of 1.2-1.3 t / m ³ , l / ha:

Sowing seedlings 25-50 Budding 30-60 Bloom 20-45 Fruiting 35-55 Maturation 45-85,

middle-ripening soybean varieties with a heat supply of 2201-2300 ° C with norms of 10-15 wt.% bischofite brine and a density of 1.2-1.3 t / m ³ , l / ha:

Sowing seedlings 30-50 Budding 30-60 Bloom 30-90 Fruiting 50-70 Maturation 60-90,

mid-ripening soybean varieties with a heat supply of 2301-2400 ° C with norms of 18-25 wt.% bischofite brine and a density of 1.2-1.3 t / m ³ , l / ha:

Sowing seedlings 30-50 Budding 30-60 Bloom 30-90 Fruiting 50-70 Maturation 60-90,

mid-ripening soybean varieties with heat supply 2401-2600 ° C with norms of 20-30 wt.% bischofite brine and a density of 1.2-1.3 t / m ³ , l / ha:

Sowing seedlings 30-35 Budding 30-40 Bloom 30-45 Fruiting 50-55 Maturation 60-65,

late-ripening soybean varieties with heat supply of 2601-3000 ° С with norms of 25-35 wt.% bischofite brine and a density of 1.2-1.3 t / m ³ , l / ha:

Sowing seedlings 35-40 Budding 35-45 Bloom 35-60 Fruiting 55-60 Maturation 65-70,

very late ripening soybean varieties with a heat supply of 3001-3500 ° C with norms of 30-40 wt.% bischofite brine and a density of 1.2-1.3 t / m ³ , l / ha:

Sowing seedlings 40-45 Budding 40-50 Bloom 40-65 Fruiting 60-70 Maturation 70-75,

exclusively late-ripening soybean varieties with a heat supply of more than 3500 ° C with norms of 35-45 wt.% bischofite brine and a density of 1.2-1.3 t / m ³ , l / ha:

Sowing seedlings 45-50 Budding 40-45 Bloom 35-40 Fruiting 50-60 Maturation 75-80.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, which shows the layout of soybean plots according to the options of experiments irrigated with built-in droppers of the drip irrigation system.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention are as follows.

A method of cultivating soybeans for grain in a traditionally established farming system and in the mandatory performance of standard mechanized technological operations at specified agrotechnical dates and with tolerances that exclude a decrease in yield and grain quality includes the introduction of microelements into certain development phases against the background of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. Trace elements vital for soybean plant growth and yield formation with proper grain quality are added to the root systems fractionally together with irrigation water by the drip irrigation system in the form of a solution of the natural mineral bishofit (formula bishofit) of the formula MgCl ₂ · 6H ₂ O on soybean phenophases during the growing season.

Reserves of the natural mineral bischofite in the Lower Volga region are estimated at several hundred billion tons. The extraction (extraction) of the mineral is carried out by drilling a well and pumping water under pressure. A brine (brine) with a density of 1.2-1.4 t / m ³ enters the day surface from the well. The composition of the bischofite leach brine samples obtained in salt form in Volgograd Region deposits is shown in Table 1. The analysis of the brine samples and the content of trace elements in them are shown in Table 2. The trace elements in the brine mined in well No. 4 of the Gorodischenskoye field in the Volgograd Region and from the well in the city of Volgograd (Kirovsky district), are presented in tables 3 and 4. Let us consider using concrete examples the effect of microelements introduced with irrigation water of the drip irrigation system (SKO) in the main phenophases with and, on the formation of a crop and quality of grain.

In accordance with the research program, the field experiment to establish the influence of trace elements introduced with the irrigation water of the North Kazakhstan region was carried out according to a two-factor scheme. The experiment included the study of the influence of the water regime of the soil (factor A) and the level of mineral nutrition (factor B) on the production process and grain yield of soybeans of the ultra-ripe variety Yug-30, the very ripe variety VNIIOZ-86, the ripe variety VNIIOZ-76, the middle-ripening variety Volgogradka-1 , mid-ripening varieties Vilana, mid-late ripening varieties Veselovskaya 3, late-ripening varieties Lanka, very late-ripening varieties Terezinskaya 2 and extremely late-ripening varieties VNIISK-1.

The test scheme for factor A (water regime of the soil) includes the following options for the regime of soybean irrigation (see drawing):

And ₁ - maintaining the threshold of pre-irrigation soil moisture at 70% HB during the growing season;

A ₂ - maintaining the pre-irrigation threshold for soil moisture at a level of 70-80-70% HB, where the level of pre-irrigation humidity of 80% HB was maintained during flowering and the formation of beans, 70% of HB - during the "shoots-beginning of flowering" and "pouring beans the beginning of ripening ";

A ₃ - maintaining the pre-irrigation threshold of soil moisture at a level of 70-80-80% HB, where the level of pre-irrigation humidity of 80% HB was maintained during the “flowering - early ripening” period, 70% of HB - during the “seedling – beginning of flowering” period;

A ₄ - maintaining the pre-irrigation threshold for soil moisture at 80% HB during the growing season;

A ₅ - maintaining the pre-irrigation threshold for soil moisture at 90% HB during the growing season.

After soybean sowing, irrigation with a norm of 150 m ³ / ha was carried out, which ensured the humidity of the active soil layer in the period before the emergence of seedlings in the range of 100-80% HB.

The microelement nutrition experiment scheme, introducing the latter into the root system of plants with irrigation water, provided nine dose options for introducing a solution of the natural mineral bischofite (6-10 wt.% Brine MgCl ₂ · 6H ₂ O with a density of 1.2-1.3 t / m ³ ; 10-15 wt.%; 12-18 wt.%; 15-20 wt.%; 18-25 wt.%; 20-30 wt.%; 25-35 wt.%; 30-40 wt. %; 35-45 wt.%, Designed to produce three different levels of soybean grain yield with microelement nutritional conditions).

By the area of the land plot, the experiment was laid down by the method of organized repetition. Repeatability is fourfold. Within organized repetition, the options were randomized. The area of accounting plots according to the experimental variants is 150 m ² , the repetition area is 2250 m ² .

The soils of the experimental plot are light chestnut, typical of the region of study. According to the granulometric composition of the soil, medium loamy. The availability of the test site with low hydrolyzed nitrogen is low (39 mg / kg dry soil), while the mobility of phosphorus and exchange potassium is average (35 and 332 mg / kg dry soil, respectively). The density in the arable layer is 1.18-1.13 t / m ³ , the lowest moisture capacity is 24.7-26.0% by weight of dry soil, and the duty cycle is 52.0-53.3%.

The drip irrigation system (SKO) (see drawing) for introducing microelements with irrigation water includes a water source 1, a pumping station 2, a hydrocyclone 3, a hydraulic feeder 4, a sand and gravel filter 5, a strainer 6, a main pipeline 7, a district pipeline 8, an irrigation pipeline 9 with drip outlets, manometers 10, valves in the form of valves 11, meter 12 for the flow of purified water, pressure regulator 13.

The bischofite solution is poured into the tank of the hydraulic feeder 4, and by changing the position of the valves, the dosage of the supply of trace elements to irrigation water is provided.

Let us consider examples of the application of microelements in the phases of soybean plant development “Sowing - seedlings”, “Budding”, “Flowering”, “Fruiting” and “Ripening” for yield and protein content in soybean grain.

Example 1. When cultivating an ultra-mature soybean variety Yug-30 with a heat supply of 1700 ° C and less important for plants microelements contained in the bischofite mineral brine, they are introduced into the root systems fractionally by phenophases together with irrigation water with a drip irrigation system in the form of a bischofite mineral solution. A bischofite solution is prepared at the rate of 6-10 wt.% Bischofite brine with a density of 1.2-1.3 t / m ³ and is added by norms in l / ha in phases:

Sowing seedlings 25-50 Budding 30-60 Bloom 20-40 Fruiting 60-80 Maturation 70-120.

For the entire period, from 205 to 350 l / ha of bischofite solution is introduced with irrigation water.

Soybean variety Yug-30 was bred at the Ukrainian Research Institute of Irrigated Agriculture by hybridization. The growing season is 86-92 days. Grain harvest in the main crops - 2.6-3.2 t / ha and in repeated crops - up to 2.5 t / ha. The height of the plants is 0.70-0.90 m. The height of the attachment of the beans is 0.12-0.14 m. The protein content is 37-40% and the fat content is 21-23%.

Table 5 presents the characteristics of the quality of soybean grain of ultra-mature varieties Yug-30 when feeding with a natural mineral solution of bischofite of the formula MgCl ₂ · 6H ₂ O during the period of research 2004-2006.

The control was taken data on yield, protein content and trypsin-inhibitory activity (TIA) during foliar feeding in the phase "Flowering" of soybean plants of sorts South-30 with trace elements Mn, Co, B, Zn and Cu.

The data presented in table 5 testify in favor of root dressing with a solution of the natural mineral bischofite for all the main phases of development of soybean plants of the South-30 variety.

Example 2. When cultivating a very precocious soybean variety VNIIOZ-86 with a heat supply of 1701-1900 ° C, against the background of sufficient moisture supply and mineral nutrition (NPK), vital microelements are introduced fractionally by phenological phases together with irrigation water in the form of bischofite into the root systems of plants . The bischofite solution is prepared at the rate of 10-15 wt.% Of the bischofite mineral brine with a density of 1.2-1.3 t / m ³ and is added by the norms in l / ha into phases:

Sowing seedlings 30-55 Budding 35-70 Bloom 25-50 Fruiting 40-60 Maturation 60-100.

For the entire vegetation period, trace elements from the brine of the mineral bischofite are applied with a working solution at a rate of 190-335 l / ha.

The soybean variety VNIIOZ-86 was bred at the All-Russian Research Institute of Irrigated Agriculture. The variety is early-ripening (the sum of daily average air temperatures above 10-1800 ° C), high-protein (up to 39%), adaptive to cultivation in drought conditions, and responsive to irrigation. Plants of this variety belong to the Manchu subspecies, a variety of lucid. The shape of the plants is compact. The height of the plants is on average 0.77 m, the attachment of the lower bean is 0.13 m and above. Beans of medium size, slightly curved, light brown in color, pubescence gray. Hypocotyl strong anthocyanin coloration. The seeds are yellow, the hem is the same color as the seeds. Grain Grade Use. Drought-resistant, high-tech for cultivation and processing, resistant to Fusarium and bacteriosis. The protein content is 35.7-40.1%, fat 19.7-22.1%.

Table 6 gives a characteristic of the quality of soybean grains of a very early variety VNIIOZ-86 when feeding with a solution of the natural mineral bischofite of the formula MgCl ₂ · 6H ₂ O during the research period 2004-2006.

The control was taken data on yield, protein content and trypsin-inhibitory activity (TIA) during foliar feeding in the phase "Flowering" of soybean plants of the VNIIOZ-86 variety with trace elements Mn, Co, B, Zn and Cu.

The data presented in Table 6 indicate that microelements from a solution of the natural mineral bischofite in all soybean phenophases of the VNIIOZ-86 variety are added to the soybean root system together with irrigation water SKO.

Example 3. When cultivating an early ripening soybean variety VNIIOZ-76 with a heat supply of 1901-2200 ° C, against the background of sufficient moisture supply and mineral nutrition, vital elements are introduced fractionally by phenological phases together with irrigation water in the form of a Bischofite natural mineral irrigation water. The bischofite solution is prepared at the rate of 12-18 wt.% Of the bischofite mineral brine with a density of 1.2-1.3 t / m ³ and introduced in norms in l / ha into phases:

Sowing seedlings 25-50 Budding 30-60 Bloom 20-45 Fruiting 35-55 Maturation 45-85.

Over the entire period of soybean plant vegetation, the main trace elements were introduced in the required quantities with a bischofite mineral solution with a norm of 155-295 l / ha.

Soybean variety VNIIOZ-76 was bred at the All-Russian Research Institute of Irrigated Agriculture. The variety is early-ripening (the sum of daily average air temperatures is above 10-2100 ° С), high-yielding. The subspecies is Manchu, the variety is sordida. Half-compressed plants, tall (0.80 m), strongly branched with indeterminate type of growth. The color of the pubescence is tan, the beans are light brown, medium in size. Hypocotyl coloration is anthocyanin. Seeds are yellow, rib brown. Grain-based variety, drought tolerant, responsive to irrigation, fertilizers, growth stimulants, resistant to disease.

Table 7 gives a characteristic of the quality of grain of soybean of the early-ripening variety VNIIOZ-76 when feeding with a solution of the natural mineral bischofite of the formula MgCl ₂ · 6H ₂ O during the research period 2004-2006.

The control was taken data on yield, protein content and trypsin-inhibitory activity (TIA) during foliar feeding in the phase "Flowering" of soybean plants of VNIIOZ-76 with trace elements Mn, Co, B, Zn and Cu.

The data presented in table 7 testify in favor of fractional introduction of trace elements into the root system of soybean together with irrigation water SKO.

Example 4. When cultivating a medium-ripening soybean variety Volgogradka-1 with a heat supply of 2201-2300 ° С, vital trace elements against the background of sufficient moisture supply and mineral nutrition were introduced into the root systems of plants fractionally for the corresponding periods together with irrigation water in the form of a solution of the natural mineral bischofite. A solution for feeding into the hydraulic feeder 4 is prepared at the rate of 15-20 wt.% Brine mineral bischofite with a density of 1.2-1.3 t / m ³ and make the norms in l / ha in phases:

Sowing seedlings 20-45 Budding 25-55 Bloom 20-60 Fruiting 40-60 Maturation 40-80.

The soybean variety Volgogradka-1 was bred at the Lower Volga Research Institute of Agriculture; in the State Register since 1991. The variety is medium-ripening, stably productive, high-tech (resistant to lodging, with the attachment of the lower bean at the level of 0.2 m). Manchurian subspecies, a variety of sordida. The shape of the plants is half-compressed, the average height of the plants is 0.73 m, in conditions of intensive agriculture - up to 1.1 m. The pubescence is dense, reddish-brown. Seeds of green-yellow color, rib - yellow, small. Grain variety and feed use. Drought-resistant, disease-resistant, ductile to cultivation in various soil and climatic conditions. It has a high protein content (up to 38%) of high quality. With drip irrigation, the yield did not exceed 2.36 t / ha.

Over the entire period of soybean plant vegetation, the main trace elements were introduced in the required quantities with a bischofite mineral solution at a rate of 145-300 l / ha.

Table 8 gives a characteristic of the quality of soybean grain of medium-mature varieties Volgogradka-1 when feeding with a solution of the natural mineral bischofite of the formula MgCl ₂ · 6H ₂ O in the period of studies 2004-2006.

For control, data on yield, protein content and trypsin-inhibitory activity (TIA) were taken for foliar feeding in the “Flowering” phase of soybean plants of the Volgogradka-1 variety with trace elements Mn, Co, B, Zn and Cu.

The data presented in table 11 prove the legitimacy of the adopted technological operations: fractional introduction of microelements into the root system of soybean Volgogradka-1 together with irrigation water of the drip irrigation system.

Example 5. When cultivating a mid-season Vilana variety with a heat supply of 2301-2400 ° C, vital trace elements against the background of sufficient moisture supply and mineral nutrition were introduced into the root systems of plants by the main phenophases fractionally with SKO irrigation water in the form of a solution of the natural mineral bischofite. The solution for feeding to the hydraulic feeding system 4 SKO is prepared at the rate of 18-25 wt.% Brine mineral bischofite with a density of 1.2-1.3 t / m ³ and make the norms in l / ha in phases:

Sowing seedlings 30-50 Budding 30-60 Bloom 30-90 Fruiting 50-70 Maturation 60-90.

Over the entire period of soybean plant vegetation, the main trace elements were introduced in the required amounts with a bischofite mineral solution with a norm of 200-360 l / ha.

Table 9 presents the quality characteristics of soybeans of the middle-ripe Vilana variety when fed with a bischofite solution of the natural mineral of the formula MgCl ₂ · 6H ₂ O during the 2004–2006 period.

For control, data on yield, protein content and trypsin-inhibitory activity (TIA) were taken for foliar feeding in the flowering phase of Vilana soybean plants with trace elements Mn, Co, B, Zn and Cu.

The soybean variety Vilana was launched at VNIIMK in 1997. The variety is mid-season. Highly productive - up to 3.1 t / ha. The height of the plants is 0.8-1.2 m. The lower beans are located at a height of 0.15-0.18 m from the soil surface. The shape of the bush is compact. The protein content in the seeds is 39.9-40.8%, oil 23.1-24.5%.

The soybean variety Zernogradskaya 2 was bred in the Don selection center (VNII Sorghum and other grain crops). The variety is zoned for the conditions of the Rostov region in 1998. Subspecies is Manchurica. Mid-season variety: vegetation period 115-120 days.

The plant is a determinant type of growth. The shape is half-compressed. The height of the plants at maturity is 0.90-1.00 m. The color of the pubescence is tan. The leaf is green, the lateral leaves are oval to elliptical. The flowers are purple. The attachment height of the lower beans is 0.12-0.14 m. The beans are located mainly in the middle and upper parts of the plant. The bob is brown with a white eye. Average productivity - 2.04-2.53 t / ha, with irrigation - 3.0-3.5 t / ha. The mass of 1000 seeds is 165.8 g. The protein content is 38-42%, fat - 20-22%. The variety is resistant to anthracnose, bacteriosis, root rot. This is one of the most promising varieties.

The data presented in table 12 prove the legitimacy of the accepted technological operations. When feeding Vilana soybean plants with bischofite solution, the yield and protein in the grain significantly increase, and TIA decreases.

Example 6. When growing a medium-late-ripened soybean variety Veselovskaya 3 with a heat supply of 2401-2600 ° С, vital trace elements against the background of sufficient moisture supply and mineral nutrition in the root systems of plants are introduced fractionally with irrigation water in the form of a natural mineral bischofite with SKO. A solution for feeding to the hydraulic feeder 4 is prepared at the rate of 20-30 wt.% Brine mineral bischofite with a density of 1.2-1.3 t / m ³ and make the norms in l / ha in phases:

Sowing seedlings 30-35 Budding 30-40 Bloom 30-45 Fruiting 50-55 Maturation 60-65.

Over the entire growing season of the soybean plant Veselovskaya 3, the main trace elements were introduced in the required quantities from a solution of the bischofite mineral at a rate of 200-240 l / ha.

Table 10 presents the quality characteristics of soybean mid-late variety Veselovskaya 3 when feeding with a bischofite mineral solution.

The soybean variety Veselovskaya 3 was bred by the Don selection center, zoned for irrigation conditions in the Rostov region since 1990. The variety is Moldavia. Variety - mid-late: the growing season is 125-130 days. The variety is drought tolerant and high yielding. In non-irrigated conditions, the average yield in different years was 2.25–2.85 t / ha, with irrigation - 2.9-3.2 t / ha. It forms a high yield of green mass (15-20% higher than other regionalized varieties in the region), which allows it to be used in joint crops with corn for silage and green fodder. Protein content - 38-40% or more, fat - 20-22%. When grown without irrigation, the lower beans are attached at a height of 0.13-0.15 m from the soil surface, which is 0.07-0.09 m higher than, for example, the variety Early 10. Beans are located mainly in the middle and upper parts of the plant. This significantly improves the manufacturability of the variety and reduces losses during harvesting. Resistant to lodging, root rot and anthracosis.

For control, data on yield, protein content and trypsin-inhibitory activity during foliar feeding in the “Flowering” phase of soybean plants of the Veselovskaya variety 3 with microelements Mn, Co, B, Zn and Cu were taken.

The data presented in table 10 confirm the correctness of the fractional introduction of trace elements from the brine of the bischofite mineral along with irrigation water according to the main phenophases of the development and growth of plants of medium late ripening varieties.

Example 7. When cultivating a late-ripening variety Lanka or Terezinskaya 2 with a heat supply of 2601-3000 ° C, vital trace elements against the background of sufficient moisture supply and mineral nutrition in the root systems of plants were introduced fractionally with irrigation water using drip irrigation in the form of a solution of the natural mineral bischofite. The solution for feeding to the hydraulic feed feeder 4 SKO is prepared at the rate of 20-30 wt.% Bischofite brine with a density of 1.2-1.3 t / m ³ and bring the norms in l / ha into phases:

Sowing seedlings 35-40 Budding 35-45 Bloom 35-60 Fruiting 55-60 Maturation 65-70.

For the entire vegetation period of soybean plants of the Lanka variety, the main trace elements were introduced in the required quantities with a bischofite mineral solution at a rate of 225-275 l / ha.

Below is the variety description of soybean varieties Lanka and Terezinskaya 2.

Lanka. Variety of selection of the Kirovograd state regional agricultural experimental station. Zoned in the Kirovograd and Transcarpathian regions. The growing season lasts 136-145 days, and in some years reaches 152 days. The height of the plants is 0.60-0.80 m. The average grain yield on the variety plots was 1.52-1.79 t / ha. The protein content in the grain is 33-35.4%, fat - 19.8-22.4%.

Terezinskaya 2. Variety of breeding of the Kirovograd state regional agricultural experimental station. Zoned in the Kiev, Lviv, Sumy, Ternopil and Khmelnitsky regions. The growing season in the zoning zone ranges from 132 to 139 days, the plants are of medium height. On the variety plots, the average grain yield was 1.18-1.92 t / ha, green mass - 13.9-21.0 t / ha. The highest yield of green mass was obtained in 1968 at the Cherepovets cultivar plot of the Khmelnitsky region - 30.5 t / ha. The protein content in the grain is 39.3-41%, fat - 20.6-23%.

For control, the data were taken on yield, protein content and trypsin-inhibiting activity of soybean grains during foliar feeding in the “Flowering” phase of soybean plants of the Lanka variety with trace elements Mn, Co, B, Zn and Cu.

The presented data in the form of statistically processed field and laboratory studies in table 11 confirm the validity of the proposed No-hypothesis: the introduction of trace elements together with irrigation water when cultivating soybeans in the drip irrigation system fractionally according to the main periods of plant development and the formation of beans allows you to get a guaranteed grain yield with high quality grains of soy.

Example 8. In the production of grain of a very late-ripening soybean variety VNIISK-1 with a heat supply of 3001-3500 ° C, the necessary trace elements against the background of sufficient moisture supply and mineral nutrition when cultivated under a drip irrigation system are introduced together with irrigation water in the form of a weakly mineralized solution of a natural mineral bischofite of the formula MgCl ₂ · 6H ₂ O fractionally in the main phenophases. A solution for feeding to the hydraulic feeding system 4 SKO is prepared at the rate of 30-40 wt.% Bischofite brine with a density of 1.2-1.3 t / m ³ and is added by the following standards in l / ha in the periods indicated below:

Sowing seedlings 40-45 Budding 40-50 Bloom 40-65 Fruiting 60-70 Maturation 70-75.

Over the entire growing season of the soybean plant VNIISK-1, the main trace elements were introduced in the required quantities with a solution of the bischofite mineral at a rate of 250-305 l / ha.

For control, data on yield, protein content and trypsin-inhibiting activity of soybean grain by non-root top dressing of soybean varieties VNIISK-1 in the “Flowering” phase with the trace elements Mn, Co, B, Zn and Cu were taken.

The data presented in the form of numerical data according to the results of field studies 2004-2006 table 12 confirm the validity of the hypothesis put forward fractional introduction of trace elements in the root system of plants during the cultivation of soybeans for grain in the RMS.

We give the main data of the soybean variety VNIISK-1.

Soya VNIISK-1 - a potential yield of 2.95 t / ha, the duration of the growing season 160 days. The attachment height of the lower bean is 0.203 m. The protein content is 29-33%, fat 22-23.5%.

Example 9. It is known that heterosis - the property of hybrids to excel in certain signs the best of the parental forms - it manifests itself as much as possible in the first generation of hybrids, and gradually fades in subsequent ones. When cultivating the varieties Fora and T-245 with a heat supply of more than 3500 ° C, the necessary trace elements against the background of sufficient moisture supply and mineral nutrition during cultivation are added to irrigation water together with irrigation water in the form of a weakly mineralized solution of a natural mineral bischofite of the formula MgCl ₂ · 6H ₂ O fractionally according to the main phenophases . The solution for feeding to the hydraulic feeding system 4 SKO is prepared at the rate of 35-45 wt.% Bischofite brine with a density of 1.2-1.3 t / m ³ and is added by the following standards in l / ha in the periods indicated below:

Sowing seedlings 45-50 Budding 40-45 Bloom 35-40 Fruiting 50-60 Maturation 75-80.

Over the entire period of vegetation of the varieties Fora, the main trace elements were introduced in the required quantities with a bischofite mineral solution at a rate of 245-275 l / ha.

For control, the data were taken on yield, protein content and trypsin-inhibiting activity of soybean grain by foliar top dressing of plants in the “Flowering” phase of the Fora variety specimen with trace elements Mn, Co, B, Zn and Cu.

Soy is affected by many fungal, bacterial and viral diseases. In countries of its greatest distribution, such as the USA, China, Japan, India, etc., where it has been grown for a long time and in large areas, pathogenic microflora is very diverse. Only pathogens of fungal diseases of this culture in some of them, there are up to 50 species.

In the Russian Federation, according to the All-Russian Research Institute of Oilseeds, soy is exposed to more than thirty different diseases. In the Lower Volga region, cotyledonous bacteriosis and seedlings fusarium, peronosporosis, rust, mosaic, ascochitosis and cercosporosis cause the most damage to its crops.

The degree of influence of diseases on crop formation of this crop depends on environmental conditions (temperature and humidity), the presence of disease vectors (for viral diseases), the level of agricultural technology and, to a large extent, on the variety.

The incidence was recorded according to the methodology for VIR classifier during the appearance of soybean seedlings (cotyledonous bacteriosis), in the interphase period, branching - flowering (peronosporosis, rust, mosaic, ascochitosis) and pouring - seed maturation (septoria). Phyto-assessments were carried out on a 9-point scale in several stages: at the beginning, soybean crops of early ripening varieties, then mid-ripening and only after this late-ripening.

These dangerous diseases are found almost everywhere, but are most widespread in the Far East, where their development is often facilitated by warm and rainy autumn. In the Lower Volga region, the manifestation of the greatest harmfulness of these diseases was noted in 1989. The susceptibility in individual varieties and forms of soybean reached 70%. Many breeding numbers this year were rejected due to instability to Septoria. Only certain soybean varieties were distinguished by high immunity, including Volgogradka-1. The resistance of this variety to Septoria is particularly evident in comparison with another known Bucuria variety under production conditions.

In the claimed method of soybean cultivation, increasing the yield of grain has a significant effect on a solution of magnesium chloride (MgCl ₂ ), the content of which in the bischofite brine produced in the deposits of the Volgograd region is 267.2-325.3 g / kg brine (table 1). Pathogenic microflora in the soil, surface atmosphere and on the vegetative mass of soybeans are completely suppressed. For this reason, soybean crops are clean without signs of common diseases and agricultural crops. pests.

The information presented in table 13 according to the data of the field seasons of 2004-2006. confirm the legitimacy of fractional introduction of microelements into the root system of plants during cultivation under the conditions of drip irrigation.

The data presented fully confirm the achievement of the specified technical result.

Table 1 The composition of the samples of the leach brine bischofite (bishofit), extracted in the fields of the Volgograd region in salt form, g / kg Component Name Chemical formula Field Narimanov Gorodishchenskoe Well No. 2-1 Well No. 4-11 Calcium bicarbonate Ca (NSO ₃ ) ₂ 0.65 0.15 0.15 Calcium Sulphate (Calcium Sulphate) CaSO ₄ 0.80 1.20 0.80 Magnesium Sulfate (Magnesium Sulfate) MgSO ₄ 1.10 - - Calcium chloride CaCl ₂ - 0.40 0.25 Magnesium bromide MgBr ₂ 3.50 4.10 4.00 Potassium chloride Kcl 1.10 2.75 3.40 Sodium Chloride NaCl 7.00 - - Magnesium chloride MgCl ₂ 267.2 325.30 315.00 Total: - 281.35 333.90 324.20

table 2 Analysis of samples of bischofite leach brines mined in the fields of the Volgograd region, g / kg Component Name Chemical formula Field Narimanov Gorodishche Well No. 2-1 Well No. 4-11 Chlorine Cl 203.7 242.00 233.60 Sulphates SO ₄ 1.50 0.85 0.60 Hydrocarbonate NSO ₃ 0.50 0.10 0.10 Calcium Sa 0.40 0.50 0.40 Magnesium Mg 68.90 83.60 81.10 Potassium K 0.60 1.40 1.80 Sodium Na 2.70 - - Boron AT 0.06 - Strontium Sr 0.0036 0.0019 0.0015 Bromine Br 3.05 3.50 3.40 Density, t / m ³ - 1.2444 1.3051 1.2948 The mineralization of the solution, g / l - 281.35 331.95 321.00

Table 3 Analysis of samples of bischofite leach brine and the content of macro- and microelements in them (brine mined in well No. 4 of the Gorodischenskoye field of the Volgograd region, g / kg) Name Chemical element Content from before Boron AT 0.0020 0.0080 Calcium Sa 0.0030 0.0050 Bismuth Bi 0,0005 0.0010 Molybdenum Mo 0,0005 0.0010 Iron Fe 0.0030 0,0300 Aluminum Al 0.0010 0,0200 Titanium Ti 0,0005 0.0010 Copper Cu 0.0001 0.0030 Silicon Si 0.0020 0.2000 Barium Wa 0.0001 0,0006 Strontium Sr 0.0010 0,0200 Rhenium Re 0.0001 0.0020 Cesium Xie 0.0001 0.0010 Lithium Li 0.0001 0,0003

Table 4 The composition of bischofite brine mined within the city of Volgograd Name Chemical element Content g / l % Magnesium Mg 76.0-80.0 25.805-25.882 Calcium Sa 0.4-0.6 0.1358-0.1926 Potassium K 4.0-5.0 1.0358-1.605 Sodium Na 0.1-0.2 0.033-0.064 Chlorine Cl 210.0-220.0 71.303-70.626 Nitrogen N 1.6-1.8 0.543-0.5778 Sulfur S 1.2-1.5 0.407-0.4815 Phosphorus R 0.1-0.2 0.034-0.0642 Carbon dioxide CO ₂ 0.1-0.2 0.034-0.0642 Bromine Br 0.3-0.5 0.102-0.1605 Boron AT 0.05-0.08 0.017-0.02568 Manganese Mn 0.02-0.03 0.0068-0.0096 Silicon Si 0.5-1.0 0.1698-0.321 Aluminum Al 0.01-0.05 0.0034-0.01605 Iron Fe 0.05-0.10 0.017-0.0321 Strontium Sr 0.01-0.10 0.034-0.0321 Cadmium Cd 0.03-0.04 0.0017-0.00256 Bismuth Bi 0.005-0.008 0.0017-0.00256 Molybdenum Mo 0.02-0.03 0.0088-0.0096 Copper Cu 0.001-0.004 0.00034-0.00128 Barium Ba 0.001-0.004 0.00034-0.00128 Rubidium Rb 0.001-0.002 0.00034-0.00064 Lithium Li 0.005-0.008 0.0017-0.00256 Titanium Ti 0.001-0.005 0.00034-0.001605 Cesium Cs 0.001-0.005 0.00034-0.001605 Other trace elements - 0.006-0.008 0.00204-0.00256 Total: - 294.515-311.477 -

Table 5 Characteristics of the quality of soybean grain of ultra-ripe variety Yug-30 when feeding with a natural mineral solution of bischofite of the formula MgCl ₂ · 6H ₂ O in the period of studies 2004-2006 Soybean plant development phases / rate of bischofite solution consumption (l / ha) Productivity, t / ha, by years The protein content,% Trypsin-inhibiting activity (TIA), mg / g years Average years Average years Average 2004 2005 2006 2004 2005 2006 2004 2005 2006 Sowing seedlings 25, budding 30, flowering 20, fruit formation 60, ripening 70 2,57 2.88 2.67 2.70 36.92 35.89 36.33 36.38 28,4 30.6 29.7 29.5 Sowing seedlings 37.5, budding 45, flowering 30, fruit formation 70, ripening 95 2.67 3.00 2.78 2.81 37.76 36.71 37.16 37.21 27,2 28.1 27.9 27.7 Sowing seedlings 50, budding 60, flowering 40, fruit formation 80, ripening 120 2.93 3.30 3.06 3.09 41.53 40.38 40.87 40.93 24.5 25.3 25.1 24.9 Without the introduction of trace elements (control) 2.40 2.70 2,50 2,53 33.98 33.03 33.44 33.48 29.9 30.9 30.7 30.5

Table 6 Characteristics of the quality of soybean grains of a very early variety VNIIOZ-86 when feeding with a natural mineral solution of bischofite of the formula MgCl ₂ · 6H ₂ O during the research period 2004-2006 Soybean plant development phases / rate of bischofite solution consumption (l / ha) Productivity, t / ha, by years The protein content,% Trypsin-inhibiting activity (TIA), mg / g years Average years Average years Average 2004 2005 2006 2004 2005 2006 2004 2005 2006 Sowing seedlings 30, budding 35, flowering 25, fruit formation 40, ripening 60 2.26 2.45 2,58 2.43 32.9 33.9 34.6 33.8 29.6 30.1 28.9 29.5 Sowing seedlings 42.5, budding 52.5, flowering 37.5, fruit formation 50, ripening 80 2,38 2,58 2.72 2,56 34.7 35.7 36.5 35.6 28.3 29.2 28.1 28.5 Seedlings 55, budding 70, flowering 50, fruit 60, ripening 100 2.59 2.81 2.96 2.79 37.8 38.9 39.8 38.8 25.7 26.6 25.6 25.9 Without the introduction of trace elements (control) 2.16 2,34 2.47 2,33 31.6 32,5 33,2 32,4 30.8 31.8 30.6 31.1

Table 7 Characteristics of grain quality of soybean of the early-ripening variety VNIIOZ-76 when feeding with a natural mineral solution bischofite of the formula MgCl ₂ · 6H ₂ O during the period of research 2004-2006 Soybean plant development phases / rate of bischofite solution consumption (l / ha) Productivity, t / ha, by years The protein content,% Trypsin-inhibiting activity (TIA), mg / g years Average years Average years Average 2004 2005 2006 2004 2005 2006 2004 2005 2006 Sowing seedlings 25, budding 30, flowering 20, fruit formation 35, ripening 45 3.17 3.43 3.52 3.37 37.6 38,2 39.1 38.3 29.3 28.9 26.6 28,2 Sowing seedlings 37.5, budding 45, flowering 32.5, fruit formation 45, ripening 65 3.32 3.60 3.69 3.53 39,4 40.1 41.0 40.1 26.2 27.3 25,4 26.3 Sowing seedlings 50, budding 60, flowering 45, fruit formation 55, ripening 85 3,59 3.89 3.99 3.81 42.6 43.3 44.3 43.3 24.1 29.5 23,4 24.2 Without the introduction of trace elements (control) 3.05 3.31 3.39 3.24 3.63 36.9 37.7 36.9 28.3 29.5 27.4 28,4

Table 8 The quality characteristic of soybean grain of medium-mature variety Volgogradka-1 when feeding with a natural mineral solution of bischofite of the formula MgCl ₂ · 6H ₂ O in the period of studies 2004-2006 Soybean plant development phases / rate of bischofite solution consumption (l / ha) Productivity, t / ha, by years The protein content,% Trypsin-inhibiting activity (TIA), mg / g years Average years Average years Average 2004 2005 2006 2004 2005 2006 2004 2005 2006 Sowing seedlings 20, budding 25, flowering 20, fruit formation 40, ripening 40 2.80 2,50 2.60 2.63 38.6 37.1 36.5 37,4 29.2 27,2 27.9 28.1 Sowing seedlings 32.5, budding 40, flowering 40, fruit formation 50, ripening 60 2.94 2.62 2.73 2.76 40.5 38.9 38.3 39.2 27.6 26.7 27.5 27,2 Sowing seedlings 45, budding 55, flowering 60, fruit formation 60, ripening 80 3.23 2.88 3.00 3.04 44.6 42.8 42.1 43.1 24.8 24.0 24.8 24.5 Without the introduction of trace elements (control) 2.64 2,36 2.46 2.48 36.5 35.0 34.5 35.3 30,4 29.4 30.3 29.9

Table 9 Characterization of the quality of soybean grain of the mid-season Vilana variety when fed with a natural mineral solution of bischofite of the formula MgCl ₂ · 6H ₂ O during the 2004-2006 research period Soybean plant development phases / rate of bischofite solution consumption (l / ha) Productivity, t / ha, by years The protein content,% Trypsin-inhibiting activity (TIA), mg / g years Average years Average years Average 2004 2005 2006 2004 2005 2006 2004 2005 2006 Sowing seedlings 35, budding 35, flowering 35, fruit formation 55, ripening 65 3.12 3.26 3.08 3.15 38.1 38.7 39.0 38.6 29.4 27.6 28,4 28,4 Sowing seedlings 37.5, budding 40, flowering 47.5, fruit formation 57.5, ripening 67.5 3.31 3.45 3.26 3.34 40.3 41.0 41.3 40.8 28,2 26.6 26.9 27,2 Sowing seedlings 40, budding 45, flowering 60, fruit formation 60, ripening 70 3.67 3.83 3.62 3.70 44.7 45.5 45.8 45.3 25.1 23.7 23.9 24.2 Without the introduction of trace elements (control) 2.95 3.07 2.90 2.97 35.9 36.5 36.8 36.3 31.3 29.5 29.9 30,2

Table 10 Veselovskaya 3 quality soybean grain quality characteristic when feeding with a natural mineral solution of bischofite of the formula MgCl ₂ · 6H ₂ O during the 2004-2006 research period Soybean plant development phases / rate of bischofite solution consumption (l / ha) Productivity, t / ha, by years The protein content,% Trypsin-inhibiting activity (TIA), mg / g years Average years Average years Average 2004 2005 2006 2004 2005 2006 2004 2005 2006 Sowing seedlings 30, budding 30, flowering 30, fruit formation 50, ripening 60 2.97 3.15 3.26 3.12 38.7 37.6 38,2 38.1 29.7 30.1 29.6 29.8 Sowing seedlings 32.5, budding 35, flowering 37.5, fruit formation 52.5, ripening 62.5 3.08 3.20 3.39 3.22 40,2 39.1 39.7 39.7 28.7 28.9 28,4 28.6 Sowing seedlings 35, budding 40, flowering 45, fruit formation 55, ripening 65 3.39 3.52 3.73 3,54 44,2 43.0 43.7 43.7 25.8 26.0 25.6 25.7 Without the introduction of trace elements (control) 2.77 2.88 3.05 2.90 36,2 35,2 35.7 35.7 31.6 31.8 31,2 31.5

Table 11 Characteristics of the quality of soybean grain of the late-ripening variety Lanka when fed with a solution of the natural mineral bischofite of the formula MgCl ₂ · 6Н ₂ О during the research period 2004-2006 Soybean plant development phases / rate of bischofite solution consumption (l / ha) Productivity, t / ha, by years The protein content,% Trypsin-inhibiting activity (TIA), mg / g years Average years Average years Average 2004 2005 2006 2004 2005 2006 2004 2005 2006 Sowing seedlings 35, budding 35, flowering 35, fruit formation 55, ripening 65 1.81 1.76 1.87 1.81 33,2 35.6 34.7 34.5 27.6 28.1 26.9 27.5 Sowing seedlings 37.5, budding 40, flowering 47.5, fruit formation 57.5, ripening 67.5 1.94 1.91 1.98 1.94 34.9 36,2 35.6 35.6 26.8 27,2 26,4 26.8 Sowing seedlings 40, budding 45, flowering 60, fruit formation 60, ripening 70 2.11 2.08 2.16 2.11 38,0 39.5 38.8 38.8 24.4 24.8 24.0 24.4 Without the introduction of trace elements (control) 1.77 1.74 1.80 1.77 31.8 32.9 32,4 32,4 29.2 29.6 28.8 29.2

Table 12 Quality characteristics of soybean grain of a very ripe variety VNIISK-1 when feeding with a natural mineral solution of bischofite of the formula MgCl ₂ · 6H ₂ O in the period of studies 2004-2006 Soybean plant development phases / rate of bischofite solution consumption (l / ha) Productivity, t / ha, by years The protein content,% Trypsin-inhibiting activity (TIA), mg / g years Average years Average years Average 2004 2005 2006 2004 2005 2006 2004 2005 2006 Sowing seedlings 40, budding 40, flowering 40, fruit formation 60, ripening 70 2.93 2.98 3.08 2.99 29.6 29.8 30.3 29.9 26,4 26.8 28.3 27.1 Sowing seedlings 42.5, budding 45, flowering 52.5, fruit production 65, ripening 72.5 3.12 3.13 3.19 3.14 30.8 31.3 30.6 30.9 25.8 25.9 26.9 26.2 Sowing seedlings 45, budding 50, flowering 65, fruit formation 70, ripening 75 3.43 3.44 3,51 3.45 33.9 34,4 33.7 34.0 23,2 23.3 24.2 23.6 Without the introduction of trace elements (control) 2.81 2.82 2.87 2.83 27.7 28,2 27.5 27.8 28,4 28.5 29.6 28.8

Table 13 Characteristics of the quality of soybean grain of an exclusively late-ripening varietal specimen Fora when fed with a solution of a natural mineral bischofite of the formula MgCl ₂ · 6H ₂ O in the period of studies 2004-2006 Soybean plant development phases / rate of bischofite solution consumption (l / ha) Productivity, t / ha, by years The protein content,% Trypsin-inhibiting activity (TIA), mg / g years Average years Average years Average 2004 2005 2006 2004 2005 2006 2004 2005 2006 Sowing seedlings 45, budding 40, flowering 35, fruit formation 50, ripening 75 3.53 3.42 3.27 3.40 37,4 38.9 39.6 38.6 24.2 23,2 22.1 23.1 Sowing seedlings 47.5, budding 42.5, flowering 37.5, fruit formation 55, ripening 77.5 3.69 3,51 3.43 3,54 38.1 39.8 40.5 39,4 23,2 22.6 20.6 22.1 Sowing seedlings 50, budding 45, flowering 40, fruit formation 60, ripening 80 3.99 3.79 3.70 3.82 41.1 43.0 43.7 42.6 21.3 20.8 19.0 20.3 Without the introduction of trace elements (control) 3.39 3.23 3.16 3.26 35.1 36.6 37.3 36,2 25.1 24.4 22.2 23.9

Claims (1)

A method of soybean cultivation, including the introduction of microelements in certain development phases against the background of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium macronutrients, characterized in that microelements vital for soybean plants are added to the root systems fractionally together with irrigation water with a drip irrigation system in the form of a natural mineral bischofite solution of the formula MgCl ₂ · 6H ₂ O according to the phases of vegetation of plants of ultra-mature varieties with heat supply of 1700 ° С and less than norms of 6-10 wt.% Bischofite brine with a density of 1.2-1.3 t / m ³ , l / ha:
Sowing seedlings 25-50 Budding 30-60 Bloom 20-40 Fruiting 60-80 Maturation 70-120,
very early varieties of soybeans with heat supply of 1701-1900 ° C with norms of 10-15 wt.% bischofite brine with a density of 1.2-1.3 t / m ³ , l / ha:
Sowing seedlings 30-55 Budding 35-70 Bloom 25-50 Fruiting 40-60 Maturation 60-100,
early ripening soybean varieties with a heat supply of 1901-2200 ° C with norms of 12-18 wt.% bischofite brine with a density of 1.2-1.3 t / m ³ , l / ha:
Sowing seedlings 25-50 Budding 30-60 Bloom 20-45 Fruiting 35-55 Maturation 45-85,
mid-ripening soybean varieties with heat supply of 2201-2300 ° С with norms of 10-15 wt.% bischofite brine with a density of 1.2-1.3 t / m ³ , l / ha:
Sowing seedlings 20-45 Budding 25-55 Bloom 20-60 Fruiting 40-60 Maturation 40-80,
mid-ripening varieties with heat supply of 2301-2400 ° С with norms of 18-25 wt.% bischofite brine with a density of 1.2-1.3 t / m ³ , l / ha:
Sowing seedlings 30-50 Budding 30-60 Bloom 30-90 Fruiting 50-70 Maturation 60-90,
mid-ripe varieties with heat supply of 2401-2600 ° С with norms of 20-30 wt.% bischofite brine with a density of 1.2-1.3 t / m ³ , l / ha:
Sowing seedlings 30-35 Budding 30-40 Bloom 30-45 Fruiting 50-55 Maturation 60-65,
late-ripening varieties with heat supply of 2601-3000 ° С with norms of 25-35 wt.% bischofite brine with a density of 1.2-1.3 t / m ³ , l / ha:
Sowing seedlings 35-40 Budding 35-45 Bloom 35-60 Fruiting 55-60 Maturation 65-70,
very late-ripening varieties with heat supply of 3001-3500 ° С with norms of 30-40 wt.% bischofite brine with a density of 1.2-1.3 t / m ³ , l / ha:
Sowing seedlings 40-45 Budding 40-50 Bloom 40-65 Fruiting 60-70 Maturation 70-75,
exclusively late-ripening soybean varieties with a heat supply of more than 3500 ° C with norms of 35-45 wt.% bischofite brine with a density of 1.2-1.3 t / m ³ , l / ha:
Sowing seedlings 45-50; Budding 40-45 Bloom 35-40 Fruiting 50-60 Maturation 75-80.