CN107517718A - A kind of tumorous stem mustard mechanization direct-sowing cultivating method - Google Patents

A kind of tumorous stem mustard mechanization direct-sowing cultivating method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107517718A
CN107517718A CN201710874134.XA CN201710874134A CN107517718A CN 107517718 A CN107517718 A CN 107517718A CN 201710874134 A CN201710874134 A CN 201710874134A CN 107517718 A CN107517718 A CN 107517718A
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sowing
hot pickled
cultivating method
time
pickled mustard
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Inventor
孟秋峰
胡美华
张庆
郑华章
王毓洪
顿兰凤
黄芸萍
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Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00Methods for working soil
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of tumorous stem mustard mechanization direct-sowing cultivating method, belongs to agricultural technology field, and this method is planted field soil pH value by reasonable selection, specifically controlled 7.16 8.04;From resistance to bolting, the less hot pickled mustard tube kind of stem shape index;Sowed in annual late October, by the end of November with every mu of potassium sulphate type ternary composite fertilizer 30kg/667m of administration 45%2The 1st top dressing is carried out, before raining, is in the ranks spread fertilizer over the fields;Mid-January in next year is with every mu of potassium sulphate type ternary composite fertilizer 25kg/667m of administration 45%2Carry out the 2nd top dressing;Front and rear harvesting the Ching Ming Festival next year.Method provided by the invention reduces the hot pickled mustard tube proportion of goods damageds, improves converted products quality, economic loss caused by reducing invalid warty stem, had not only met the market demand but also had improved economic benefit.Generally, the present invention is a kind of recruitment for saving planting link, effectively utilizes the new method of hot pickled mustard tube accessory substance.

Description

A kind of tumorous stem mustard mechanization direct-sowing cultivating method
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural technology field, is related to a kind of tumorous stem mustard mechanization direct-sowing cultivating method.
Background technology
Tumorous stem mustard (Brassica juncea var.tumida Tsen et Lee) is one kind of Stem lettuce, not only may be used With marketing fresh, and can process.Its converted products hot pickled mustard tube is not only in great demand the country, and also enjoys high reputation in overseas.Hot pickled mustard tube is main It is by processing sell, is greatly improved its added value, and can increase farmers' income.
For a long time, hot pickled mustard tube sowing and transplanting link mechanization degree are relatively low, and labor intensive is big, at the same time, hot pickled mustard tube The swift and violent growth of cost of labor in large-scale production, turn into the bottleneck of limitation hot pickled mustard tube industrial scale development.According to investigations, routinely educate Transplantation of seedlings, from seeding and seedling raising to transplanting, 6.5 works are needed altogether;And mechanization direct sowing culture, including the link such as sowing, thinning, only Need the work of recruitment 1.5.Mechanization direct sowing culture saves the work of recruitment 5 than culturing and transplanting seedlings, by every 120 yuan of calculating of work, every mu of saving recruitment 600 yuan of cost, deduct 100 yuan, cost-saved 500 yuan of seed-sowing machine expense.At present, the direct seeding technique of hot pickled mustard tube is studied both at home and abroad Less, particularly cultural factors influence researches to the economical character of live hot pickled mustard tube.Therefore, inventor is by building suitably Planting environment, rational technical measures are taken, provide high-quality raw material for hot pickled mustard tube processing, quality raw materials combine excellent processing work Skill, so as to reduce the hot pickled mustard tube proportion of goods damageds, converted products quality is lifted, economic loss caused by reducing invalid warty stem, was both met The market demand improves economic benefit again.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of method.
To achieve the above object, the present invention uses following technical scheme:
The present invention provides a kind of tumorous stem mustard mechanization direct-sowing cultivating method, and this method comprises the following steps:
(1) selection of planting base and field:It is required that the soil pH of plantation field is controlled in 5.5-8.04;
Wherein, field requirement meets the requirement of pollution-free vegetable production environment condition, if littoral plain tidal land, plantation The soil pH value of field is controlled 7.16~8.04;In the range of general field pH 5.5~8.0, but with pH 6.5~7.5 the most Suitably.
(2) selection of kind:From resistance to bolting, the less hot pickled mustard tube kind of stem shape index;
(3) planting time determines:Annual late October sowing, period in Clear and Bright early April in next year harvest;
(4) sow:Sowed using seed-sowing machine, every mu of application rate 55-60g;
Before live, walked for convenience of machine, uniformly, it is necessary to which thin site preparation, furrow face is smooth, surface soil is even and fine for sowing It is broken.
(5 seedling managements:A. thinning:Hot pickled mustard tube seedling is carried out when having 2-3 piece true leaves;B final singlings:Seedling has 5-6 piece true leaves Shi Jinhang;Finally, spacing in the rows 11-13cm, more than 20,000 plants of every mu of density;Harvest 2.5 ten thousand plants of every mu of density of fresh head+hot pickled mustard tube luxuriant with On.
Before hot pickled mustard tube final singling, typically before it will rain or in the case of appropriate spray moisture, hot pickled mustard tube seedling has 2 Thinning is carried out during~3 true leaves, removes sick seedling, bad seedling, excessive growth seedling, miscellaneous seedling.
(6) apply fertilizer:In progress first time top dressing by the end of November, every mu of potassium sulphate type ternary composite fertilizer 28-32kg of administration 45%; Second of top dressing, every mu of potassium sulphate type ternary composite fertilizer 22-27kg of administration 45% are carried out mid-January in next year;
The potassium sulphate type ternary composite fertilizer that the present invention uses is that the 15-15-15 of Zhejiang Zhong Guan means of agricultural productions Co., Ltd production is fragrant Blue compound potassium sulfate fertilizer.
(7) water management
If the main points of water management are after planting to run into prolonged drought, it should keep the skin wet in time, to ensure higher emergence Rate.If growth period excessive rainfall, timely ditch cleaning draining is answered.
(8) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
(9) harvest:Front and rear the Ching Ming Festival next year, plant leaf from green to yellow, when knurl stem is in Bluish white, should harvest in time.
Tumorous stem mustard mechanization direct-sowing cultivating method provided by the invention, Hybrid selection ' squeezing No. 5 in river in Zhejiang Province ' in step (2), Conventional variety selects ' drop-head kind '.It is elongated that warty stem is less likely to occur this 2 kinds.Warty is may result in from other kind Stem is elongated and influences commodity, or even bolting in advance occurs.
Tumorous stem mustard mechanization direct-sowing cultivating method provided by the invention, require in step (4) seeding process to use Korea Spro The SW-10 of state sows the wide 1.5m of field furrow, per the row of drill seeding kind 5 from type essence amount multifunctional vegetable seed-sowing machine is walked.
Tumorous stem mustard mechanization direct-sowing cultivating method provided by the invention, wherein, step (4) after planting uses 35ml for every mu 96% (960 g/l) S-metolachlor+50ml 90% (900 g/l) acetochlor ecs are prevented water 30kg sprinklings furrow face miscellaneous Grass.
Tumorous stem mustard mechanization direct-sowing cultivating method provided by the invention, wherein, step (8) pest and disease damage specifically prevents and treats process For:Every mu of field set 30 blocks of yellow plates it is anti-eliminate aphis, Bemisia tabaci, every mu sets 4 insect sex attractant traps to trap and kill pickles Moth, pest and disease damage early period of origination use chemical prevention and control method immediately, 20% glucocyamine copper wettable powder preventing and treating virosis, and 10% Difenoconazole prevents and treats black spot, 25% 800 times of Fluoxastrobin suspending agent liquid preventing and treating white blister.
Tumorous stem mustard mechanization direct-sowing cultivating method provided by the invention, wherein, it is every to harvest the sowing time of fresh head cultivation On October 20, or so in;The sowing time for harvesting fresh head+hot pickled mustard tube luxuriant is annual 27 days or so October.
Tumorous stem mustard mechanization direct-sowing cultivating method provided by the invention, wherein, fertilising detailed process is the 1st top dressing 11 The end of month, every mu of potassium sulphate type ternary composite fertilizer 30kg/667m of administration 45%2, before raining, the 2nd time in mid-January in next year, every mu Using 45% potassium sulphate type ternary composite fertilizer 25kg/667m2
The invention has the advantages that:
Using the method for the present invention, to influenceing hot pickled mustard tube plantation product qualitative factor:Kind, soil pH value, sowing time and apply Fertilizer etc. has carried out integrated application, whole quality management is carried out using farmland as the raw material workshop of enterprise, unfavorable factor control The quality in planting link, effectively improving hot pickled mustard tube raw material is made, enhances the market competitiveness of yield;It is simultaneously live mechanical to make With, save the recruitment of planting link, reduce labour expenditure, reduce labor intensity.
It is especially bright present invention firstly provides the control of the soil pH value of hot pickled mustard tube mechanization direct-seeding planting field in 5.5-8.04 Really for littoral plain tidal land, it is desirable to which the soil pH for planting field is controlled 7.16~8.04.Live condition is proposed first Under, the sowing time of harvesting hot pickled mustard tube luxuriant, the development in pluralism of hot pickled mustard tube product provides a kind of thinking, at utmost make use of hot pickled mustard tube Tender leaf and tender luxuriant, are effectively utilized hot pickled mustard tube accessory substance, add peasant income.This method is unfavorable factor controlling in plantation ring Section, the proportion of goods damageds of hot pickled mustard tube raw material can be effectively reduced, the processing yield of hot pickled mustard tube averagely improves 3.8~5.2%, reduces processing life Cost is produced, quality is improved, improves the economic benefit of enterprise.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to embodiment.
Embodiment 1
First, hot pickled mustard tube mechanization direct sowing culture
(1) planting environment selects
In 2015~2016 years between north latitude 3007 '~3013 ' and east longitude 12104 '~121Yuyao between 57 ' City Huang Jiabu towns are layouted experiment to little Cao pretty young woman town plantation block, 16.2 DEG C of average temperature of the whole year, 1350 millimeters of average annual rainfall, day According to when number 2061 hours.
(2) selection of planting base and field:
Field requirement meets pollution-free vegetable production environment condition and required, littoral plain tidal land, plant field pH value control System is 7.16~8.04.
(3) selection of kind:From resistance to bolting, the less hot pickled mustard tube kind of stem shape index;Hybrid selection ' squeezes 5 in river in Zhejiang Province Number ', conventional variety selection ' drop-head kind '.
(4) planting time determines:Harvest the cultivation of fresh head, annual sowing in 20 days or so October, during Clear and Bright early April in next year Phase harvests;Harvest fresh head+hot pickled mustard tube luxuriant, annual sowing in 27 days or so October.
(5) sow:Sowed using seed-sowing machine, every mu of application rate 55-60g;Before live, walk, broadcast for convenience of machine For kind uniformly, it is necessary to which thin site preparation, furrow face is smooth, surface soil is uniformly in small, broken bits.
(6) thinning:A. thinning:Hot pickled mustard tube seedling is carried out when having 2-3 piece true leaves;B final singlings:When seedling has 5-6 piece true leaves Carry out;Finally, spacing in the rows 11-13cm, more than 20,000 plants of every mu of density;Harvest more than 2.5 ten thousand plants of every mu of density of fresh head+hot pickled mustard tube luxuriant.
Before hot pickled mustard tube final singling, typically before it will rain or in the case of appropriate spray moisture, hot pickled mustard tube seedling has 2 Thinning is carried out during~3 true leaves, removes sick seedling, bad seedling, excessive growth seedling, miscellaneous seedling.
(7) apply fertilizer:In progress first time top dressing by the end of November, every mu of potassium sulphate type ternary composite fertilizer 28-32kg of administration 45%; Second of top dressing is carried out mid-January in next year, (15-15-15 is fragrant by every mu of potassium sulphate type ternary composite fertilizer 22-27kg of administration 45% Blue compound potassium sulfate fertilizer, Zhejiang Zhong Guan means of agricultural productions Co., Ltd);
(8) water management
If the main points of water management are after planting to run into prolonged drought, it should keep the skin wet in time, to ensure higher emergence Rate.If growth period excessive rainfall, timely ditch cleaning draining is answered.
(9) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
(10) harvest:Front and rear the Ching Ming Festival next year, plant leaf from green to yellow, when knurl stem is in Bluish white, should harvest in time.
2nd, soil pH and sowing time contrast test
(1) influence of the different plantation field soil pH values to hot pickled mustard tube yield and quality
Test site:Zhejiang Province Yuyao City Huang Jiabu towns Heng Tang villages, Lin Shan towns The Plum Garden village, Lin Shan towns Shao Jiaqiu villages, Si Men Totally 8 experiments such as town husband Tan Cun, Si Men town waterside pavilion Zhou village, little Cao pretty young woman town farm, Lin Shan Linchengs farm, Huang Jia Bu Hanxia farms Point.
Test method:In October, 2015~2016 year are carried out April, and hot pickled mustard tube kind is ' squeezing No. 5 in river in Zhejiang Province ' (Ningbo City's agricultural sciences Research institute's Vegetable Research Institute and Zhejiang University's agricultural combine authorization with Biotechnology Institute), each 1 mu of testing site plantation, 2015 On October 15, in, five-spot extracted soil sample measure pH value, and sowing on October 20, each testing site field management measure is consistent, by often Rule are carried out, and 1000 kilograms of hot pickled mustard tube raw material is randomly selected in each testing site respectively when on April 9th, 2016 harvests, and send Yuyao City Ah Yao emperor Food Co., Ltd is processed test, investigation statisticses processing yield.
Result of the test:As shown in Table 1:When planting the pH value of hot pickled mustard tube field higher than 8.04, hot pickled mustard tube Product processing yield is relatively low, As little Cao pretty young woman farm soil pH value be 8.27, hot pickled mustard tube processing yield reach 28.2%, with P in soil H values reduce, process yield have Raised.As Si Men towns waterside pavilion week farm soil pH value be 7.16, hot pickled mustard tube processing yield reach 33.4%.With soil pH value 8.04 Field above is compared, and the hot pickled mustard tube processing yield of field cultivation of the P in soil H values below 8.04 averagely improves 3.8~5.2%.pH Less than 7.16, it is processed yield and declined, and if Huang Jia Bu Hanxia farms pH value is 6.77, hot pickled mustard tube processing yield is 28.5%, Less than the processing yield that pH value is 7.16.Therefore, improve the plantation field soil pH value of hot pickled mustard tube processing yield preferably 7.16~ 8.04。
Influence of the different plantation field P in soil H values of table 1 to hot pickled mustard tube yield and quality
(2) influence of the different sowing times to hot pickled mustard tube yield and quality and costs and benefits
Test site:Yuyao City Huang Jiabu towns Heng Tang farms, soil batch pH value are 7.55.
Test method:In October, 2015~2016 year are carried out April, and the mechanization live sowing time is October 20 in 2015 Day, harvest time is on April 10th, 2016.Current universal implantation methods are culturing and transplanting seedlings, and the sowing time is October 3 in 2015 Day, harvest time is on April 10th, 2016.Hot pickled mustard tube luxuriant and fresh head are harvested simultaneously, and the sowing time be on October 27th, 2015, receipts It is on April 10th, 2016 to obtain the time.Field management measure is consistent, routinely carries out.Raw material harvest when each testing site respectively with Machine extracts 1000 kilograms of hot pickled mustard tube raw material, send Yuyao Ayaohuang Food Co., Ltd. to be processed test, investigation statisticses are processed Rate.
Result of the test:The live processing yield of mechanization is 33.3%, and cost per mu is 1700 yuan, and every mu of income is 1600 Member, compared compared with culturing and transplanting seedlings, every mu increases income 500 yuan.The processing yield for harvesting fresh head and hot pickled mustard tube luxuriant is 40.2%, and cost per mu is 1700 yuan, every mu of income is 2600 yuan, is compared compared with culturing and transplanting seedlings, every mu increases income 1500 yuan.
Influence contrast of the 2 different sowing times of table to hot pickled mustard tube Yield and quality, costs and benefits
Harvest fresh head and hot pickled mustard tube luxuriant Mechanization is live Culturing and transplanting seedlings
Sowing time October 27 October 20 October 3
Per per mu yield 3760 kilograms of fresh+1000 kilograms of hot pickled mustard tube luxuriants of head 4150 kilograms of fresh heads 4070 kilograms of fresh heads
Process yield 40.2% 33.3% 33.1%
Cost per mu 1700 yuan 1700 yuan 2200 yuan
Every mu of income 2600 yuan 1600 yuan 1100 yuan
It is recognised that the illustrative embodiments that above-described embodiment uses only for explanation inventive principle, but this hair Bright to be not limited only to this, those skilled in the art can make various improvement and change in the case where not departing from real situation of the present invention, this A little improvement and change fall within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of tumorous stem mustard mechanization direct-sowing cultivating method, it is characterised in that this method comprises the following steps:
(1) selection of planting base and field:It is required that the soil pH of plantation field is controlled in 5.5-8.04;
(2) selection of kind:From resistance to bolting, the less hot pickled mustard tube kind of stem shape index;
(3) planting time determines:Annual late October sowing, period in Clear and Bright early April in next year harvest;
(4) sow:Sowed using seed-sowing machine, every mu of application rate 55-60g;
(5) seedling management:A. thinning:Hot pickled mustard tube seedling is carried out when having 2-3 piece true leaves;B final singlings:When seedling has 5-6 piece true leaves Carry out;Finally, spacing in the rows 11-13cm, more than 20,000 plants of every mu of density;
(6) apply fertilizer:In carrying out first time top dressing by the end of November, every mu is applied 43%-47% potassium sulphate type ternary composite fertilizers 28- 32kg;Second of top dressing is carried out mid-January in next year, every mu is applied 43%-47% potassium sulphate type ternary composite fertilizers 22-27kg;
(7) water management
(8) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
(9) harvest:Front and rear the Ching Ming Festival next year, plant leaf from green to yellow, when knurl stem is in Bluish white, harvests in time.
2. the tumorous stem mustard mechanization direct-sowing cultivating method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that step (1) soil pH control tool Body controlling means are:For littoral plain tidal land, the soil pH for planting field is controlled 7.16~8.04;General field pH controls System is 5.5~8.0, further, it is desirable to which general field pH controls are 6.5~7.5.
3. the tumorous stem mustard mechanization direct-sowing cultivating method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:Hybrid selects in step (2) Select ' squeezing No. 5 in river in Zhejiang Province ', conventional variety selection ' drop-head kind '.
4. the tumorous stem mustard mechanization direct-sowing cultivating method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:Step (4) seeding process It is middle to require that the SW-10 using South Korea from type essence amount multifunctional vegetable seed-sowing machine is walked, sows the wide 1.5m of field furrow, per the row of drill seeding kind 5.
5. the tumorous stem mustard mechanization direct-sowing cultivating method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:Step (4) after planting every mu of use 35ml+50ml900 g/l of acetochlor ecs of 960 g/l of S-metolachlors spray the anti-weeds of furrow face to water 30kg.
6. the tumorous stem mustard mechanization direct-sowing cultivating method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:Step (8) pest and disease damage is specifically prevented The process of controlling is:Every mu of field set 30 blocks of yellow plates it is anti-eliminate aphis, Bemisia tabaci, every mu sets 4 insect sex attractant traps to lure Diamondback moth is killed, pest and disease damage early period of origination uses chemical prevention and control method, 20% glucocyamine copper wettable powder preventing and treating virus immediately Disease, 10% Difenoconazole preventing and treating black spot, 25% 800 times of Fluoxastrobin suspending agent liquid preventing and treating white blister.
7. the tumorous stem mustard mechanization direct-sowing cultivating method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:Specific planting time is sowing time October 15~20, harvest time on April 10th, 2016.
8. the tumorous stem mustard mechanization direct-sowing cultivating method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:Specific planting time is sowing time October 27, harvest time April 10, the fresh head of harvesting hot pickled mustard tube and hot pickled mustard tube luxuriant.
9. the tumorous stem mustard mechanization direct-sowing cultivating method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:Detailed process of applying fertilizer is the 1st time Top dressing is by the end of November, every mu of potassium sulphate type ternary composite fertilizer 30kg/667m2 of administration 45%, before raining, in the ranks spreads fertilizer over the fields;2nd time Mid-January in next year, every mu of potassium sulphate type ternary composite fertilizer 25kg/667m2 of administration 45%.
CN201710874134.XA 2017-09-25 2017-09-25 A kind of tumorous stem mustard mechanization direct-sowing cultivating method Pending CN107517718A (en)

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CN108739173A (en) * 2018-05-24 2018-11-06 重庆市渝东南农业科学院 A kind of cultural method and cultivation system of two seasons tumorous stem mustard
CN108887121A (en) * 2018-07-09 2018-11-27 余姚市农业技术推广服务总站 A method of improving hot pickled mustard tuber planting benefit

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108739173A (en) * 2018-05-24 2018-11-06 重庆市渝东南农业科学院 A kind of cultural method and cultivation system of two seasons tumorous stem mustard
CN108887121A (en) * 2018-07-09 2018-11-27 余姚市农业技术推广服务总站 A method of improving hot pickled mustard tuber planting benefit

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Application publication date: 20171229