CN108781681B - Fertilizing method for flue-cured tobacco - Google Patents
Fertilizing method for flue-cured tobacco Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
- A01C23/04—Distributing under pressure; Distributing mud; Adaptation of watering systems for fertilising-liquids
- A01C23/042—Adding fertiliser to watering systems
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Abstract
The invention provides a flue-cured tobacco fertilization method, which comprises the steps of applying an organic fertilizer on a base basis, and applying a water-soluble fertilizer (N: P: K is 15:15:15) along with water during transplanting; and (3) applying water-soluble fertilizers (N: P: K ═ 30:10:10) 28 days after transplanting, additionally applying water-soluble fertilizers (N: P: K ═ 15:15:30) 35 days, and additionally applying water-soluble fertilizers (N: P: K ═ 12:8:40) 42 days, wherein the total nitrogen application amount is controlled to be 4 kilograms per mu, wherein the nitrogen application amount in the organic fertilizers accounts for 40 percent of the total nitrogen application amount, and the nitrogen application amount in the water-soluble fertilizers accounts for 60 percent of the total nitrogen application amount.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fertilizing method, in particular to a fertilizing method for flue-cured tobacco, and belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation.
Background
Tobacco is a special economic crop with higher economic benefit, reasonable yield is required in the current tobacco production, and higher requirements are provided for the tobacco quality. The quality of the tobacco leaves is mainly influenced by various factors such as water fertilizer, soil, variety, cultivation technology, climate, baking technology and the like, and the water fertilizer is the foundation of the system engineering for producing high-quality flue-cured tobacco and is the primary factor influencing the quality of the tobacco leaves. The dissolution of water and fertilizer in soil and the absorption and utilization of tobacco plants are the most critical. In cultivation, reasonable fertilization is the first factor for determining the yield and the output value of tobacco leaves, the contribution rate of the reasonable fertilization reaches 39% and 47%, and the contribution rate of the reasonable fertilization is only second to the variety and reaches 25%. At present, the fertilization mode in tobacco production is mainly a mode of adding base fertilizer and additional fertilizer. The base fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, the top dressing is generally carried out once, a manual spreading mode is mainly adopted, the top dressing is carried out near tobacco plants, and the fertilizer can only play a role when rainwater exists or large-area tobacco fields are irrigated. The fertilizer utilization rate of the fertilizing mode is extremely low, the utilization rate of a nitrogen fertilizer is about 25 percent generally, the fertilizer efficiency is not fully exerted, a large amount of fertilizer is wasted, and the tobacco leaf production cost is increased. Meanwhile, as the traditional top dressing adopts manual top dressing, a large amount of labor cost is increased, and the burden of tobacco growers is increased.
The invention takes the problems of large fertilizer water consumption, low efficiency, high labor cost and the like in the existing tobacco leaf production technology as starting points, can realize the effects of reducing the fertilizer consumption, the irrigation water consumption, the labor cost, the internal quality of the tobacco leaf and the like by using the drip irrigation water-fertilizer integrated technology, and has the advantages of simple operation, easy learning, low cost and good popularization and application effect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a water-fertilizer integrated fertilization method for flue-cured tobacco by drip irrigation, which is implemented by applying a water-soluble fertilizer by means of a drip irrigation system. The drip irrigation method is improved, and the feasibility is further improved by adopting the water-soluble fertilizer.
The fertilizing method of the flue-cured tobacco comprises the following steps:
(1) base fertilizer: selecting an organic fertilizer;
(2) fertilizing during transplanting: applying water-soluble fertilizer along with water during transplanting, wherein the mass ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium is 15:15: 15;
(3) fertilizing 28 days after transplanting: drip irrigation is carried out 28 days after transplanting, water soluble fertilizer is applied, and the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the water soluble fertilizer is 30:10: 10;
(4) fertilizing 35 days after transplanting: drip irrigation is carried out 35 days after transplanting, water soluble fertilizer is applied, and the mass ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium in the water soluble fertilizer is 15:15: 30;
(5) fertilizing 42 days after transplanting: and (3) drip irrigation is carried out 42 days after transplanting, and water soluble fertilizer is applied, wherein the mass ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium is 12:8: 40.
Preferably, the fertilizing method of the flue-cured tobacco is characterized in that the nitrogen application amount in the organic fertilizer is 30-50% of the total nitrogen application amount, the sum of the nitrogen application amounts in the water soluble fertilizers in the steps (2), (3), (4) and (5) is 70-50% of the total nitrogen application amount, and the total nitrogen application amount is controlled to be 3-9 kg/mu.
Preferably, the fertilizing method of the flue-cured tobacco provided by the invention is characterized in that the nitrogen application amount in the organic fertilizer is 40% of the total nitrogen application amount, the sum of the nitrogen application amounts in the water-soluble fertilizers in the steps (2), (3), (4) and (5) is 60% of the total nitrogen application amount, and the total nitrogen application amount is controlled to be 4-9 kg/mu.
Preferably, the fertilizing method of the flue-cured tobacco is that the nitrogen application amount of the organic fertilizer is 40% of the total nitrogen application amount, the sum of the nitrogen application amounts of the water-soluble fertilizers in the steps (2), (3), (4) and (5) is 60% of the total nitrogen application amount, wherein the nitrogen application amount of the water-soluble fertilizer in the step (2) is 6% of the total nitrogen application amount, the nitrogen application amount of the water-soluble fertilizer in the step (3) is 24% of the total nitrogen application amount, the nitrogen application amount of the water-soluble fertilizer in the step (4) is 18% of the total nitrogen application amount, and the nitrogen application amount of the water-soluble fertilizer in the step (5) is 12% of the total nitrogen application amount. The total nitrogen application amount is controlled to be 4 kilograms per mu.
Preferably, the organic fertilizer provided by the invention consists of one or more of agricultural wastes, fermented cake fertilizers and green fertilizers.
Preferably, the flue-cured tobacco fertilization method provided by the invention adopts a drip irrigation technology for fertilization.
The preferable fertilizing method of the flue-cured tobacco of the invention is that the fertilizing and watering time distribution method of the steps (2), (3), (4) and (5) is as follows: when the soil near the root system of the tobacco ridge with the length of 20-60 cm is completely wetted, recording the time from the beginning of irrigation to the complete wetting as the proper irrigation time, and performing drip irrigation fertilization by taking 1/4 as the drip irrigation time, 1/2 as the drip irrigation time and 1/4 as the time for cleaning a drip irrigation belt.
The preferable fertilizing method of the flue-cured tobacco of the invention is that the fertilizing and watering time distribution method of the steps (2), (3), (4) and (5) is as follows: when the soil near the root system of the tobacco ridge with the thickness of 30-40 cm is completely wetted, recording the time from the beginning of irrigation to the complete wetting as proper irrigation time, and performing drip irrigation fertilization by taking 1/4 as drip irrigation time, 1/2 as drip irrigation fertilization time and 1/4 as drip irrigation belt cleaning time.
The drip irrigation system selects proper dropper materials, arrangement modes, connection modes and the like according to actual conditions, adopts materials acceptable by farmers, controls the cost within 170 yuan/mu, and adopts pump injection type fertilization. The fertilizer application scheme is that organic fertilizer is applied on the basis, and water soluble fertilizer (N: P: K: 15:15:15) is applied along with water during transplanting; after transplanting, high-N water-soluble fertilizers (N: P: K: 30:10:10) are applied by drip irrigation at 28d, water-soluble fertilizers (N: P: K: 15:30) are applied at 35d, and high-K water-soluble fertilizers (N: P: K: 12:8:40) are applied at 42 d. The total nitrogen application amount is controlled to be 4 kilograms per mu, wherein the nitrogen application amount in the organic fertilizer accounts for 40 percent of the total nitrogen application amount, and the nitrogen application amount in the water soluble fertilizer accounts for 60 percent of the total nitrogen application amount (6 percent, 24 percent of 28d topdressing, 18 percent of 35d topdressing and 12 percent of 42d topdressing are applied along with water during transplanting). Supplementing the fertilizer with calcium superphosphate and potassium sulfate, and applying the fertilizer during ridging to make the total proportion of the fertilizer N: P205:K20＝1:1:3。
1. And (4) selecting materials.
The side wing labyrinth type drip irrigation belt is adopted and replaced every year.
Secondly, the main water delivery pipe adopts a thin-wall pipe belt with the diameter of 75cm (required to bear 1-3 atmospheric pressures, selected by the tobacco grower), and the branch water delivery pipe adopts a thin-wall pipe belt with the diameter of 63cm (required to bear 1-3 atmospheric pressures, selected by the tobacco grower).
Thirdly, the power device automatically distributes a water pump (a submersible pump) for the tobacco grower according to the water source condition.
Pumping and injecting type fertilizing mode of the fertilizing device, and adopting a self-made simple fertilizing device. The fertilizer container is a square barrel or a water bag of the farmer. The fertilizing pump is a diesel engine or a pesticide pump of a tobacco grower.
Filtering device. The filtering device can be a centrifugal filter or a screen filter or a combination of the centrifugal filter and the screen filter according to the water source condition.
Sixthly, other related accessories. The connecting pipe fitting is made of PVC material, and is composed of a 63cm direct ball valve, a 63cm diameter outer thread direct pipe, a 63cm diameter inner thread direct pipe, a 63cm diameter positive tee, a 75cm-63cm diameter reducing tee, a drip tape bypass pipe and the like.
Seventhly, the fertilizer is water-soluble fertilizer, and the mass ratio of the water-soluble fertilizer to the fertilizer is N, P, K is 15, 15 and 15; n, P, K-30: 10: 10; n, P, K15: 15: 30; n, P, K, 12, 8, 40
2. And (5) arranging principles.
The main pipe is laid to facilitate the system operation and save pipes. The main pipe is connected with a water source and is generally arranged at a high position along a contour line. The land parcel layout is considered when laying, and usually a main pipe is laid along the long edge of the land parcel, and the specific terrain is taken as a standard.
Secondly, branch pipes are laid according to local conditions, are usually perpendicular to the planting direction of tobacco plants, are arranged at a high position like the main pipe, and are arranged perpendicular to the contour lines. Generally, the length of the branch pipe should not exceed 100m, and the length of the single side should not exceed 50 m.
Thirdly, the drip irrigation tape is laid in a direction parallel to the planting direction of the tobacco plants and in a direction parallel to the contour lines. Generally arranged at two sides of the branch pipe, and can also be arranged in a single direction. Usually, the limit length of the drip tape is 75-85m, and the actual laying is preferably 60 m.
Fourthly, the plain tobacco field has larger area, the drip irrigation belts are arranged on two sides (T-shaped distribution), and the irrigation area is properly adjusted according to the water yield; the area is small, the tobacco field is scattered, the drip irrigation tape can be arranged on one side (comb type distribution), the branch pipes are positioned on one side of the tobacco field, and the main pipe is used for connecting scattered plots.
And fifthly, designing a field pipe network for mountain drip irrigation, fully considering the safety and rationality of the system according to local conditions, and preventing dangerous conditions such as local pipeline pressure and the like from occurring. And a ball valve, a drain valve, a pressure reducing valve and the like are additionally arranged to relieve the overlarge local pressure of the pipeline. The small area of the rotation irrigation is not easy to be too large, and the single-side comb type distribution is adopted.
3. Connection method
The left margin is reserved when the branch pipes are laid, and the left margin of 3 percent of the total length of the branch pipes is reserved. So as to avoid the connection and the falling off of the drip irrigation tape and the branch pipe caused by thermal expansion and cold contraction.
Secondly, a certain margin of about 0.2m is left for the drip irrigation tape to be laid, and the labyrinth convex surface (pattern surface) of the drip irrigation tape is required to be upward when the drip irrigation tape is laid.
Detailed Description
Example 1: fertilizing method for flue-cured tobacco
(1) Base fertilizer: selecting fermented cake fertilizer as organic fertilizer;
(2) fertilizing during transplanting: applying a water-soluble fertilizer along with water during transplanting, wherein the mass ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium in the water-soluble fertilizer is 15:15: 15;
(3) fertilizing 28 days after transplanting: drip irrigation is carried out 28 days after transplanting, water soluble fertilizer is applied, and the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the water soluble fertilizer is 30:10: 10;
(4) fertilizing 35 days after transplanting: drip irrigation is carried out 35 days after transplanting, water soluble fertilizer is applied, and the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the water soluble fertilizer is 15:15: 30;
(5) fertilizing 42 days after transplanting: and (4) drip irrigation is carried out 42 days after transplanting, and water soluble fertilizer is applied, wherein the mass ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium in the water soluble fertilizer is 12:8: 40.
The nitrogen application amount in the organic fertilizer in the step (1) is 40% of the total nitrogen application amount, the sum of the nitrogen application amounts in the water soluble fertilizers in the steps (2), (3), (4) and (5) is 60% of the total nitrogen application amount, wherein the nitrogen application amount in the water soluble fertilizer in the step (2) is 6% of the total nitrogen application amount, the nitrogen application amount in the water soluble fertilizer in the step (3) is 24% of the total nitrogen application amount, the nitrogen application amount in the water soluble fertilizer in the step (4) is 18% of the total nitrogen application amount, the nitrogen application amount in the water soluble fertilizer in the step (5) is 12% of the total nitrogen application amount, and the total nitrogen application amount is controlled at 4 kg/mu.
The fertilizing and irrigating time allocation method of the steps (2), (3), (4) and (5) is as follows: when the soil around the root system of the tobacco ridge with the length of 20-60 cm is completely wetted, the time from the beginning of irrigation to the complete wetting is recorded as 360min, the proper irrigation time is used, and the drip irrigation fertilization is carried out by taking 1/4 min (the proper irrigation time) as the drip irrigation time, 1/2 min (the proper irrigation time) 180min as the drip irrigation fertilization time and 1/4 (the proper irrigation time) 90min as the drip irrigation belt cleaning time.
Example 2: fertilizing method for flue-cured tobacco
(1) Base fertilizer: selecting agricultural wastes as organic fertilizers;
(2) fertilizing during transplanting: applying water-soluble fertilizer along with water during transplanting, wherein the mass ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium is 15:15: 15;
(3) fertilizing 28 days after transplanting: drip irrigation is carried out 28 days after transplanting, water soluble fertilizer is applied, and the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the water soluble fertilizer is 30:10: 10;
(4) fertilizing 35 days after transplanting: drip irrigation is carried out 35 days after transplanting, water soluble fertilizer is applied, and the mass ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium in the water soluble fertilizer is 15:15: 30;
(5) fertilizing 42 days after transplanting: and (3) drip irrigation is carried out 42 days after transplanting, and water soluble fertilizer is applied, wherein the mass ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium is 12:8: 40.
The nitrogen application amount in the organic fertilizer in the step (1) is 30% of the total nitrogen application amount, the sum of the nitrogen application amounts in the water-soluble fertilizers in the steps (2), (3), (4) and (5) is 70% of the total nitrogen application amount, wherein the nitrogen application amount in the water-soluble fertilizer in the step (2) is 8% of the total nitrogen application amount, the nitrogen application amount in the water-soluble fertilizer in the step (3) is 26% of the total nitrogen application amount, the nitrogen application amount in the water-soluble fertilizer in the step (4) is 20% of the total nitrogen application amount, the nitrogen application amount in the water-soluble fertilizer in the step (5) is 16% of the total nitrogen application amount, and the total nitrogen application amount is controlled at 3 kg/mu.
The fertilizing and irrigating time allocation method of the steps (2), (3), (4) and (5) is as follows: the fertilizing and irrigating time allocation method of the steps (2), (3), (4) and (5) is as follows: when the soil near the root system of the tobacco ridge with the thickness of 30-40 cm is completely wetted, the time from the beginning of irrigation to the complete wetting is recorded as 240min and is used as the proper irrigation time, 60min (1/4 of the proper irrigation time) is used as the drip irrigation time, 120min (1/2 of the proper irrigation time) is used as the drip irrigation time, and 60min (1/4 of the proper irrigation time) is used as the time for cleaning a drip irrigation tape, and the drip irrigation is performed.
Example 3: fertilizing method for flue-cured tobacco
(1) Base fertilizer: selecting green manure as an organic fertilizer;
(2) fertilizing during transplanting: applying water-soluble fertilizer along with water during transplanting, wherein the mass ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium is 15:15: 15;
(3) fertilizing 28 days after transplanting: drip irrigation is carried out 28 days after transplanting, water soluble fertilizer is applied, and the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the water soluble fertilizer is 30:10: 10;
(4) fertilizing 35 days after transplanting: drip irrigation is carried out 35 days after transplanting, water soluble fertilizer is applied, and the mass ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium in the water soluble fertilizer is 15:15: 30;
(5) fertilizing 42 days after transplanting: and (3) drip irrigation is carried out 42 days after transplanting, and water soluble fertilizer is applied, wherein the mass ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium is 12:8: 40.
The nitrogen application amount in the organic fertilizer in the step (1) is 50% of the total nitrogen application amount, the sum of the nitrogen application amounts in the water-soluble fertilizers in the steps (2), (3), (4) and (5) is 50% of the total nitrogen application amount, wherein the nitrogen in the water-soluble fertilizer in the step (2) is 6% of the total nitrogen application amount, the nitrogen in the water-soluble fertilizer in the step (3) is 18% of the total nitrogen application amount, the nitrogen in the water-soluble fertilizer in the step (4) is 12% of the total nitrogen application amount, the nitrogen in the water-soluble fertilizer in the step (5) is 14% of the total nitrogen application amount, and the total nitrogen application amount is controlled at 7 kg/mu.
The fertilizing and irrigating time allocation method of the steps (2), (3), (4) and (5) is as follows: when the soil around the root system of the tobacco ridge with the length of 20-60 cm is completely wetted, the time from the beginning of irrigation to the complete wetting is recorded as 360min, the proper irrigation time is used, and the drip irrigation fertilization is carried out by taking 1/4 min (the proper irrigation time) as the drip irrigation time, 1/2 min (the proper irrigation time) 180min as the drip irrigation fertilization time and 1/4 (the proper irrigation time) 90min as the drip irrigation belt cleaning time.
Example 4: fertilizing method for flue-cured tobacco
(1) Base fertilizer: selecting agricultural wastes and fermented cake fertilizers as organic fertilizers;
(2) fertilizing during transplanting: applying water-soluble fertilizer along with water during transplanting, wherein the mass ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium is 15:15: 15;
(3) fertilizing 28 days after transplanting: drip irrigation is carried out 28 days after transplanting, water soluble fertilizer is applied, and the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the water soluble fertilizer is 30:10: 10;
(4) fertilizing 35 days after transplanting: drip irrigation is carried out 35 days after transplanting, water soluble fertilizer is applied, and the mass ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium in the water soluble fertilizer is 15:15: 30;
(5) fertilizing 42 days after transplanting: and (3) drip irrigation is carried out 42 days after transplanting, and water soluble fertilizer is applied, wherein the mass ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium is 12:8: 40.
The nitrogen application amount in the organic fertilizer in the step (1) is 40% of the total nitrogen application amount, the sum of the nitrogen application amounts in the water soluble fertilizers in the steps (2), (3), (4) and (5) is 60% of the total nitrogen application amount, wherein the nitrogen application amount in the water soluble fertilizer in the step (2) is 6% of the total nitrogen application amount, the nitrogen application amount in the water soluble fertilizer in the step (3) is 24% of the total nitrogen application amount, the nitrogen application amount in the water soluble fertilizer in the step (4) is 18% of the total nitrogen application amount, the nitrogen application amount in the water soluble fertilizer in the step (5) is 12% of the total nitrogen application amount, and the total nitrogen application amount is controlled at 4 kg/mu.
The fertilizing and irrigating time allocation method of the steps (2), (3), (4) and (5) is as follows: when the soil near the root system of the tobacco ridge with the thickness of 30-40 cm is completely wetted, the time from the beginning of irrigation to the complete wetting is recorded as 240min and is used as the proper irrigation time, 60min (1/4 of the proper irrigation time) is used as the drip irrigation time, 120min (1/2 of the proper irrigation time) is used as the drip irrigation time, and 60min (1/4 of the proper irrigation time) is used as the time for cleaning a drip irrigation tape, and the drip irrigation is performed.
Example 5: fertilizing method for flue-cured tobacco
(1) Base fertilizer: selecting agricultural wastes and green manure as organic fertilizers;
(2) fertilizing during transplanting: applying water-soluble fertilizer along with water during transplanting, wherein the mass ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium is 15:15: 15;
(3) fertilizing 28 days after transplanting: drip irrigation is carried out 28 days after transplanting, water soluble fertilizer is applied, and the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the water soluble fertilizer is 30:10: 10;
(4) fertilizing 35 days after transplanting: drip irrigation is carried out 35 days after transplanting, water soluble fertilizer is applied, and the mass ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium in the water soluble fertilizer is 15:15: 30;
(5) fertilizing 42 days after transplanting: and (3) drip irrigation is carried out 42 days after transplanting, and water soluble fertilizer is applied, wherein the mass ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium is 12:8: 40.
The nitrogen application amount in the organic fertilizer in the step (1) is 35% of the total nitrogen application amount, the sum of the nitrogen application amounts in the water-soluble fertilizers in the steps (2), (3), (4) and (5) is 65% of the total nitrogen application amount, wherein the nitrogen application amount in the water-soluble fertilizer in the step (2) is 7% of the total nitrogen application amount, the nitrogen application amount in the water-soluble fertilizer in the step (3) is 23% of the total nitrogen application amount, the nitrogen application amount in the water-soluble fertilizer in the step (4) is 19% of the total nitrogen application amount, the nitrogen application amount in the water-soluble fertilizer in the step (5) is 16% of the total nitrogen application amount, and the total nitrogen application amount is controlled to be 5 kg/mu.
The fertilizing and irrigating time allocation method of the steps (2), (3), (4) and (5) is as follows: when the soil around the root system of the tobacco ridge with the length of 20-60 cm is completely wetted, the time from the beginning of irrigation to the complete wetting is recorded as 360min, the proper irrigation time is used, and the drip irrigation fertilization is carried out by taking 1/4 min (the proper irrigation time) as the drip irrigation time, 1/2 min (the proper irrigation time) 180min as the drip irrigation fertilization time and 1/4 (the proper irrigation time) 90min as the drip irrigation belt cleaning time.
Test example: compared with the common furrow irrigation fertilization method, the fertilization method disclosed by the embodiments 1-5 of the invention has the advantages that the dry matter accumulation of the tobacco field is better and is 4% higher than that of the tobacco field subjected to furrow irrigation by adopting the fertilization method disclosed by the invention, namely the water and fertilizer integrated fertilization method 70 days after transplanting; the element accumulation of K of the tobacco plant of the water and fertilizer integrated tobacco field is 4.41 percent higher than that of the tobacco plant of the tobacco field with the ditch irrigation; the photosynthetic rate of the water and fertilizer integrated tobacco field is 9.41 percent higher than that of the ditch-irrigation tobacco field. C for water and fertilizer integrated tobacco field and ditch irrigation tobacco field after harvest3F, evaluating the rationality of chemical components, wherein the water and fertilizer integrated tobacco field score is 92.81 minutes, the furrow irrigation tobacco field score is 71.84 minutes, and the difference of the chemical components of the two tobacco leaves is obvious; the utilization rate of the water and fertilizer integrated tobacco field nitrogen fertilizer is 17.62 percent higher than that of the ditch-irrigation tobacco field. The labor and water consumption in the growth period of the larger field are increased, the labor consumption of the drip irrigation water-fertilizer integrated tobacco field is 0.33/mu, the labor consumption of the ditch irrigation tobacco field is 1.26/mu, the labor consumption of the drip irrigation tobacco field is 0.93/mu, the labor cost of each drip irrigation tobacco field is 80 yuan, and the labor cost of the drip irrigation water-fertilizer integrated tobacco field is 74.4 yuan/mu; drip irrigation water and fertilizer integrated water consumption 54m3120m of water for furrow irrigation of tobacco field3Water and fertilizer integrated tobacco field drip irrigation water-saving 66m3The benefit is remarkable. In conclusion, the water and fertilizer drip irrigation integrated tobacco field has better physiological and biochemical characteristics and remarkable social and economic effects.
Claims (5)
1. A flue-cured tobacco fertilization method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) base fertilizer: selecting an organic fertilizer;
(2) fertilizing during transplanting: applying a water-soluble fertilizer along with water during transplanting, wherein the mass ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium in the water-soluble fertilizer is 15:15: 15;
(3) fertilizing 28 days after transplanting: drip irrigation is carried out 28 days after transplanting, water soluble fertilizer is applied, and the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the water soluble fertilizer is 30:10: 10;
(4) fertilizing 35 days after transplanting: drip irrigation is carried out 35 days after transplanting, water soluble fertilizer is applied, and the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the water soluble fertilizer is 15:15: 30;
(5) fertilizing 42 days after transplanting: drip irrigation is carried out 42 days after transplanting, water soluble fertilizer is applied, and the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the water soluble fertilizer is 12:8: 40;
the fertilizing and irrigating time allocation method of the steps (2), (3), (4) and (5) is as follows: when the soil near the root system of the tobacco ridge with the length of 20-60 cm is completely wetted, recording the time from the beginning of irrigation to the complete wetting as proper irrigation time, and performing drip irrigation fertilization by taking 1/4 as drip irrigation time, 1/2 as drip irrigation fertilization time and 1/4 as drip irrigation belt cleaning time;
the nitrogen application amount in the organic fertilizer is 30-50% of the total nitrogen application amount, the sum of the nitrogen application amounts in the water-soluble fertilizers in the steps (2), (3), (4) and (5) is 70-50% of the total nitrogen application amount, and the total nitrogen application amount is controlled at 3-9 kg/mu.
2. The fertilization method of claim 1, wherein the nitrogen application amount in the organic fertilizer is 40% of the total nitrogen application amount, the sum of the nitrogen application amounts in the water soluble fertilizers in the steps (2), (3), (4) and (5) is 60% of the total nitrogen application amount, and the total nitrogen application amount is controlled to be 4-9 kg/mu.
3. The fertilization method of claim 2, wherein the nitrogen application amount in the organic fertilizer is 40% of the total nitrogen application amount, the sum of the nitrogen application amounts in the water soluble fertilizers of the steps (2), (3), (4) and (5) is 60% of the total nitrogen application amount, wherein the nitrogen application amount of the water soluble fertilizer in the step (2) is 6% of the total nitrogen application amount, the nitrogen application amount of the water soluble fertilizer in the step (3) is 24% of the total nitrogen application amount, the nitrogen application amount of the water soluble fertilizer in the step (4) is 18% of the total nitrogen application amount, the nitrogen application amount of the water soluble fertilizer in the step (5) is 12% of the total nitrogen application amount, and the total nitrogen application amount is controlled at 4 kg/mu.
4. The fertilization method of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the organic fertilizer is composed of one or more of agricultural waste, a fermented cake fertilizer and a green manure.
5. The fertilization method according to claim 4, wherein the fertilization and irrigation time allocation method of the steps (2), (3), (4) and (5) is as follows: when the soil near the root system of the tobacco ridge with the length of 30-40 cm is completely wet, proper irrigation is carried out, the time from the beginning of irrigation to the complete wetting is recorded as proper irrigation time, 1/4 of the proper irrigation time is used as drip irrigation time, 1/2 of the proper irrigation time is used as drip irrigation fertilization time, and 1/4 of the proper irrigation time is used as drip irrigation belt cleaning time, and drip irrigation fertilization is carried out.
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| CN109258040A (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2019-01-25 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | A kind of fertilizing method improving junior tobacco leaf nicotine content |
| CN109287233B (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2021-09-24 | 西北农林科技大学 | Water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation method suitable for dry-season tobacco field |
| CN110915398A (en) * | 2019-12-12 | 2020-03-27 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | Water and fertilizer integrated method for drip irrigation of flue-cured tobacco |
| CN112470653A (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2021-03-12 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | Reduce and drip irrigation tobacco field N2Water and fertilizer integration method for O discharge |
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| CN102577816B (en) * | 2012-03-13 | 2013-07-24 | 湖南水木生物技术有限公司 | Slope crop seeding raising method |
| CN102783326B (en) * | 2012-09-17 | 2013-08-14 | 贵州省烟草科学研究所 | Moisture-conservation-free under-film trickle irrigation transplanting method for tobacco seedlings |
| CN103636338B (en) * | 2013-11-29 | 2016-03-23 | 福建中烟工业有限责任公司 | One grows tobacco fertilizing method and implantation methods |
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