CN114080969A - Effectively reduce N in flue-cured tobacco cultivation soil2Method for O emission - Google Patents
Effectively reduce N in flue-cured tobacco cultivation soil2Method for O emission Download PDFInfo
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- CN114080969A CN114080969A CN202111242932.3A CN202111242932A CN114080969A CN 114080969 A CN114080969 A CN 114080969A CN 202111242932 A CN202111242932 A CN 202111242932A CN 114080969 A CN114080969 A CN 114080969A
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- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 241000086254 Arnica montana Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 244000061176 Nicotiana tabacum Species 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/45—Tobacco
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of flue-cured tobacco cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for effectively reducing N in flue-cured tobacco cultivation soil2A method of O-bleed; the method comprises the following steps: soil deep ploughing is carried out during pre-soil preparation: deeply ploughing the cultivation soil; ridging and digging a pond: ridging the soil subjected to deep ploughing; applying biological carbon: applying straw biochar into the pond obtained in the step (2); irrigation and fertilization management: carrying out field irrigation and fertilization management by adopting a drip irrigation water and fertilizer integration technology, wherein in the drip irrigation process, the single irrigation quota is 2-3 mm and 1.2-1.8L per plant; the invention can realize the N yield of the tobacco field on the basis of ensuring the yield and the output value of the flue-cured tobacco2And O is obviously reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of flue-cured tobacco cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for effectively reducing N in flue-cured tobacco cultivation soil2With O being dischargedA method.
Background
Agriculture is atmospheric N2O is the most important emission source, and the emission amount accounts for 80 percent of the total artificial emission amount. Agricultural N2The O emission mainly comes from the soil, and the large amount of application of the nitrogen fertilizer is that the farmland soil becomes the atmosphere N2O the first major cause of human origin. A large number of studies have shown that nitrogen fertilizer dosage is reduced and suitable N is avoided2The soil moisture environment generated by O is used for reducing N in farmland2The fundamental route of O emission. Although reports have confirmed that the reduction of nitrogen fertilizer dosage vs. N2The positive effect of O reduction, but also the problems of reduced crop yield and reduced product quality. Therefore, in the face of food safety risks under population pressure, how to reduce farmland N2The problem of ensuring agricultural production while discharging O is still urgently needed to be solved.
Therefore, the invention develops the method for effectively reducing N in the flue-cured tobacco cultivation soil2The principle of the O emission method is as follows: on one hand, the nitrogen fertilizer application amount is reduced by improving the utilization efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer, thereby reducing N2And generating and discharging O. On the other hand by circumventing the appropriate N2O-generated soil moisture environment to further suppress N2O production and discharge. Based on the principle, the invention can realize the N yield of the tobacco field on the basis of ensuring the yield and the output value of the flue-cured tobacco2And O is obviously reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for effectively reducing N in flue-cured tobacco cultivation soil2The method for O discharge can realize the N in the tobacco field on the basis of ensuring the yield and the output value of the flue-cured tobacco2And O is obviously reduced.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
effectively reduce N in flue-cured tobacco cultivation soil2A method of O-venting comprising the steps of:
(1) soil deep ploughing is carried out during pre-soil preparation: deeply ploughing the cultivation soil;
(2) ridging and digging a pond: ridging the soil subjected to deep ploughing;
(3) applying biological carbon: applying straw biochar into the pond obtained in the step (2);
(4) irrigation and fertilization management: and (3) carrying out field irrigation and fertilization management by adopting a drip irrigation water and fertilizer integration technology, wherein in the drip irrigation process, the single irrigation quota is 2-3 mm and 1.2-1.8L per plant.
Further, in the step (1), the ploughing depth of the mountain tobacco field is 20-30 cm, and the ploughing depth of the dam tobacco field is 30-40 cm.
Further, in the step (2), the ridge forming height of the mountain tobacco field is 25-30 cm, and the ridge forming height of the dam tobacco field is 30-35 cm.
Further, in the step (4), the straw-like biochar is one of corn straw, rice straw or wheat straw.
Further, the preparation method of the straw biochar comprises the following steps: carbonizing the raw material at 360 deg.C for 24 h.
Furthermore, the using amount of the straw biochar is 400-500 kg per mu, namely 0.36-0.45 kg per pond.
Further, in the step (4), the applied fertilizer type is a water-soluble fertilizer special for drip irrigation, and the using amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is controlled to be 3.0-4.0 kg/mu.
Further, the application method of the nitrogen fertilizer comprises the following steps: 5% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer is applied 5-9 days after transplanting, 10% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer is applied 15-19 days after transplanting, 20% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer is applied 25-29 days after transplanting, 35% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer is applied 35-39 days after transplanting, and 30% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer is applied 45-49 days after transplanting.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least one of the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention can increase the soil porosity by deeply ploughing the soil, and can improve the air permeability of the soil so as to avoid proper N2An anaerobic soil environment resulting from O; secondly, the deep binding of the root system of the flue-cured tobacco is facilitated, and the growth and development of tobacco plants are promoted.
2. Ridging is carried out on the soil, and the air permeability of the soil is further improved by ensuring the ridging height, so that suitable N is avoided2O-generated anaerobic soil environment.
3. Placing straw biochar, and mixing the straw with the charcoalThe stalk charcoal is carbonized, and on one hand, N is reduced through the nitrogen fixation effect of the charcoal2Supply of nitrogen source during O production, thereby suppressing N2Generation of O; on the other hand, by the biochar to N2Adsorption of O, reduction of N2And (4) discharging O.
4. By adopting a drip irrigation water and fertilizer integration technology, the water content of the soil is ensured to be in a relatively low range by reducing the using amount of single irrigation water so as to increase the air permeability of the soil, thereby avoiding an anaerobic soil environment suitable for N2O generation.
5. The nitrogen fertilizer is applied in batches, on one hand, the nitrogen application amount is reduced, so as to reduce N2Supply of nitrogen source during O production, thereby suppressing N2Generation of O; on the other hand, the flue-cured tobacco is fertilized according to the requirement rule of nitrogenous fertilizer in the growth period of the flue-cured tobacco, so that the flue-cured tobacco is promoted to absorb and utilize the nitrogenous fertilizer, the residual nitrogenous fertilizer in the soil is reduced, and the reduction of N is further facilitated2Supply of nitrogen source during O production, thereby suppressing N2And (4) generation of O.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
The test was carried out in 2019, the test site was located in the district of Zuojing city, Yunnan province, hillside county, and the tobacco field type was mountain tobacco field.
According to the following steps (a local conventional flue-cured tobacco cultivation method): carrying out conventional plowing during pre-soil preparation, wherein the plowing depth is 15cm, the ridging height before flue-cured tobacco transplanting is 20cm, placing 50% of special compound fertilizer for tobacco in the middle of a tobacco pond after pond digging, fully and uniformly mixing with pond soil, and then planting tobacco; circularly applying 30% of special compound fertilizer for tobacco around the root of the tobacco plant 35 days after the tobacco seedling is transplanted; and (4) digging a small hole on the ridge surface at a position 20cm away from the tobacco plant 45 days after the tobacco seedling is transplanted, applying the residual 20 percent of the special compound fertilizer for the tobacco into the hole and covering the hole with soil.
Example 2
The test was carried out in 2019, the test site was located in the district of Zuojing city, Yunnan province, hillside county, and the tobacco field type was mountain tobacco field.
According to the following steps (the flue-cured tobacco cultivation method of the invention): deeply ploughing soil during pre-soil preparation, wherein the ploughing depth is 20cm, and the ridging height before flue-cured tobacco transplanting is 25 cm; after the pond is dug, 500 kg/mu of corn straw biochar is applied into the pond; and (4) adopting a drip irrigation water and fertilizer integration technology to carry out irrigation and fertilization management in the field. In the drip irrigation process, the single irrigation quota is 2 mm; the applied fertilizer type is a special water-soluble fertilizer for drip irrigation, and the using amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 4.0 kg/mu; 5 percent of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer is applied 5 days after the transplanting, 10 percent of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer is applied 15 days after the transplanting, 20 percent of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer is applied 25 days after the transplanting, 35 percent of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer is applied 35 days after the transplanting, and 30 percent of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer is applied 45 days after the transplanting.
Example 3
The test was carried out in 2019, the test site was located in the district of Zuojing city, Yunnan province, hillside county, and the tobacco field type was mountain tobacco field.
According to the following steps (the flue-cured tobacco cultivation method of the invention): deeply ploughing soil during pre-soil preparation, wherein the ploughing depth is 25cm, and the ridging height before flue-cured tobacco transplanting is 30 cm; after the pond is dug, 450 kg/mu of rice straw biochar is applied into the pond; and (4) adopting a drip irrigation water and fertilizer integration technology to carry out irrigation and fertilization management in the field. In the drip irrigation process, the single irrigation quota is 2 mm; the applied fertilizer type is a special water-soluble fertilizer for drip irrigation, and the using amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 3.5 kg/mu; 5 percent of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer is applied 7 days after the transplanting, 10 percent of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer is applied 17 days after the transplanting, 20 percent of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer is applied 27 days after the transplanting, 35 percent of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer is applied 37 days after the transplanting, and 30 percent of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer is applied 47 days after the transplanting.
Example 4
The test was carried out in 2020, and the test site was located in Zhaojicun, the red tower region of Yuxi, Yunnan province, and the tobacco field type was the tobacco field of the dam region.
According to the following steps (a local conventional flue-cured tobacco cultivation method): carrying out conventional plowing during pre-soil preparation, wherein the plowing depth is 25cm, the ridging height is 25cm before flue-cured tobacco transplanting, placing 40% of special compound fertilizer for tobacco in the middle of a tobacco pond after pond digging, fully and uniformly mixing with pond soil, and then planting tobacco; circularly applying 30% of special compound fertilizer for tobacco around the root of the tobacco plant 35 days after the tobacco seedling is transplanted; and (4) digging a small hole on the ridge surface 20cm away from the tobacco plant 45 days after the tobacco seedling is transplanted, applying the residual 30 percent of the special compound fertilizer for the tobacco into the hole and covering soil.
Example 5
The test was carried out in 2020, and the test site was located in Zhaojicun, the red tower region of Yuxi, Yunnan province, and the tobacco field type was the tobacco field of the dam region.
According to the following steps (the flue-cured tobacco cultivation method of the invention): deeply ploughing soil during pre-soil preparation, wherein the ploughing depth is 35cm, and the ridging height before flue-cured tobacco transplanting is 30 cm; after the pond is dug, 450 kg/mu of wheat straw biochar is applied into the pond; and (4) adopting a drip irrigation water and fertilizer integration technology to carry out irrigation and fertilization management in the field. In the drip irrigation process, the single irrigation quota is 3 mm; the applied fertilizer type is special water-soluble fertilizer for drip irrigation, and the using amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 3.5 kg/mu. 5 percent of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer is applied 9 days after transplanting, 10 percent of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer is applied 19 days after transplanting, 20 percent of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer is applied 29 days after transplanting, 35 percent of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer is applied 39 days after transplanting, and 30 percent of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer is applied 49 days after transplanting.
Example 6
The test was carried out in 2020, and the test site was located in Zhaojicun, the red tower region of Yuxi, Yunnan province, and the tobacco field type was the tobacco field of the dam region.
According to the following steps (the flue-cured tobacco cultivation method of the invention): deeply ploughing soil during pre-soil preparation, wherein the ploughing depth is 40cm, and the ridging height before flue-cured tobacco transplanting is 35 cm; after the pond is dug, 500 kg/mu of rice straw biochar is applied into the pond; and (4) adopting a drip irrigation water and fertilizer integration technology to carry out irrigation and fertilization management in the field. In the drip irrigation process, the single irrigation quota is 3 mm; the applied fertilizer type is a special water-soluble fertilizer for drip irrigation, and the using amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is controlled to be 3.0 kg/mu. 5 percent of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer is applied 8 days after the transplanting, 10 percent of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer is applied 18 days after the transplanting, 20 percent of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer is applied 28 days after the transplanting, 35 percent of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer is applied 38 days after the transplanting, and 30 percent of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer is applied 48 days after the transplanting.
Experimental analysis:
1. the cultivation methods of examples 1 to 3 were carried out with nitrogen amount, N2The O discharge amount and the tobacco yield value are compared, and the comparison result is shown in the table 1:
TABLE 1 amount of nitrogen applied, N2O discharge and tobacco yield
As can be seen from Table 1, the cultivation method of the present invention reduces nitrogen application by 43% and N as compared with the conventional cultivation method in the local area2The O discharge amount is reduced by 66%, the tobacco yield is increased by 10%, and the tobacco yield value is increased by 16%; the nitrogen applying amount of the second time of the cultivation method is reduced by 50 percent, and N is2The O discharge amount is reduced by 62%, the tobacco yield is increased by 21%, and the tobacco yield value is increased by 18%.
2. The cultivation methods of examples 4 to 6 were carried out with nitrogen amount and N2The O discharge amount and the tobacco yield value are compared, and the comparison result is shown in Table 2:
TABLE 2 amount of nitrogen applied, N2O discharge and tobacco yield
As can be seen from Table 2, the nitrogen application amount per cultivation method of the present invention is reduced by 42% compared to the local conventional cultivation method, and N is reduced by2The O discharge amount is reduced by 64 percent, the tobacco yield is increased by 17 percent, and the tobacco yield value is increased by 6 percent; the nitrogen applying amount of the second time of the cultivation method is reduced by 50 percent, and N is2The O discharge amount is reduced by 72%, the tobacco yield is increased by 11%, and the tobacco yield value is increased by 3%.
Although the invention has been described herein with reference to a number of illustrative embodiments thereof, it should be understood that numerous other modifications and embodiments can be devised by those skilled in the art that will fall within the spirit and scope of the principles of this disclosure. More specifically, various variations and modifications are possible in the component parts and/or arrangements of the subject combination arrangement within the scope of the disclosure and claims of this application. In addition to variations and modifications in the component parts and/or arrangements, other uses will also be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Claims (8)
1. Effectively reduce N in flue-cured tobacco cultivation soil2A method of O-discharging, characterized by: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) soil deep ploughing is carried out during pre-soil preparation: deeply ploughing the cultivation soil;
(2) ridging and digging a pond: ridging the soil subjected to deep ploughing;
(3) applying biological carbon: applying straw biochar into the pond obtained in the step (2);
(4) irrigation and fertilization management: and (3) carrying out field irrigation and fertilization management by adopting a drip irrigation water and fertilizer integration technology, wherein in the drip irrigation process, the single irrigation quota is 2-3 mm and 1.2-1.8L per plant.
2. The method for effectively reducing N in flue-cured tobacco cultivation soil according to claim 12A method of O-discharging, characterized by: in the step (1), the ploughing depth of the mountain tobacco field is 20-30 cm, and the ploughing depth of the dam tobacco field is 30-40 cm.
3. The method for effectively reducing N in flue-cured tobacco cultivation soil according to claim 12A method of O-discharging, characterized by: in the step (2), the ridge forming height of the mountain tobacco field is 25-30 cm, and the ridge forming height of the dam tobacco field is 30-35 cm.
4. The method for effectively reducing N in flue-cured tobacco cultivation soil according to claim 12A method of O-discharging, characterized by: in the step (4), the straw biochar is one of corn straw, rice straw or wheat straw.
5. The method for effectively reducing N in flue-cured tobacco cultivation soil according to claim 1 or 42A method of O-discharging, characterized by: the preparation method of the straw biochar comprises the following steps: carbonizing the raw material at 360 deg.C for 24 h.
6. The method for effectively reducing N in flue-cured tobacco cultivation soil according to claim 52A method of O-discharging, characterized by: the using amount of the straw biochar is 400-500 kg per mu, namely 0.36-0.45 kg per pond.
7. The method for effectively reducing N in flue-cured tobacco cultivation soil according to claim 12A method of O-discharging, characterized by: in the step (4), the applied fertilizer type is a water-soluble fertilizer special for drip irrigation, and the nitrogen fertilizer dosage is controlled to be 3.0-4.0 kg/mu.
8. The method of claim 7, for effectively reducing N in flue-cured tobacco cultivation soil2A method of O-discharging, characterized by: the application method of the nitrogen fertilizer comprises the following steps: 5% of the total amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is applied 5-9 days after transplanting, 10% of the total amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is applied 15-19 days after transplanting, 20% of the total amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is applied 25-29 days after transplanting, 35% of the total amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is applied 35-39 days after transplanting, and 30% of the total amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is applied 45-49 days after transplanting.
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