CN105340449A - Fertilization method for improving nitrogen element utilization rate of flue-cured tobacco - Google Patents
Fertilization method for improving nitrogen element utilization rate of flue-cured tobacco Download PDFInfo
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- CN105340449A CN105340449A CN201510799063.2A CN201510799063A CN105340449A CN 105340449 A CN105340449 A CN 105340449A CN 201510799063 A CN201510799063 A CN 201510799063A CN 105340449 A CN105340449 A CN 105340449A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fertilization method for improving nitrogen element utilization rate of flue-cured tobacco. The fertilization method comprises the following steps: (1) leveling the land and applying basic fertilizer; (2) transplanting with water and fertilizer; (3) applying a hole-applied fertilizer; (4) applying foliage fertilizer; (5) applying after-manuring; and (6) applying balanced fertilizer. The fertilization method can effectively improve nitrogen element utilization rate of flue-cured tobacco, reduce production cost, and improve quality, yield and economic benefits of the tobacco leaves; charcoal made of rice straw is applied, straws return to the field, and the problem that the conventional firing method for treating rice straws pollutes the environment can be solved. The fertilization method can improve physicochemical property and fertility of the soil for planting tobacco.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to tobacco planting field, be specifically related to a kind of fertilizing method improving nitrogen of flue-cured tobacco availability.
Background technology
In China's agricultural production, chemical fertilizer utilization ratio is due to the impact of factors such as being subject to single fertilising, fertilizing amount and fertilizing method improper, and cause soil regime to change, environmental condition worsens, and soil fertility declines, and the availability of fertilizer is generally lower.According to statistics, the availability of general chemical fertilizer only has 20 ~ 40%, and the availability of developed country can reach 50% ~ 80%.
China is the first big country of world Fertilizer production and consumption, and producing chemical fertilizer needs to consume a large amount of energy.According to statistics, China only produces one, nitrogenous fertilizer, every year will than the many consumption of developed country 6,000 ten thousand tons of coals.A large amount of productions of chemical fertilizer not only waste national energy, and cause harmful effect to environment.One of key factor affecting fertilizer production is exactly that utilization rate of fertilizer is low, and peasant has to increase fertilizing amount.
Tobacco nutrient management is the excellent key factor of tobacco leaf high yield and product, wherein nitrogen utilization efficiency having the greatest impact to tobacco production and quality.When nitrogen utilization efficiency is lower, the component contents such as the amino acid content in tobacco leaf and ligroin extraction can be made to reduce, cause quality of tobacco to reduce; In sucking quality, tobacco incense tolerance is obviously not enough, and assorted gas is comparatively light, and jealous slightly puckery, smoke is thin.When nitrogen utilization efficiency is lower simultaneously, also can causes tobacco production degradation, affect the economic benefit of tobacco.
Research and develop one for this reason and can improve nitrogen of flue-cured tobacco availability, reduce production cost, improve yield of flue-cured tobacco and quality, the Fertilizer Application of Tobacco method improving soil physico-chemical property is the key solved the problem.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of fertilizing method improving nitrogen of flue-cured tobacco availability.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this, comprises the steps:
(1) whole ground basal dressing: transplant first 7 ~ 10 days, before vega ridging, apply Special compound fertilizer for tobacco 20kg ~ 40kg/667m
2, charcoal 50 ~ 130g/ strain, microbial bacterial agent 250 ~ 350g/667m
2, post-trenching, ridging, the high 25 ~ 30cm in ridge;
(2) liquid manure is with to transplant: when transplanting cigarette seedling, by Special compound fertilizer for tobacco 5kg/667m
2, with water 1650kg/667m
2preparation rich water, waters by the rich water amount of 1.5kg/ strain afterwards;
(3) execute and carry seed manure: to transplant after cigarette seedling 7 ~ 10 days, by potassium nitrate 2kg/667m
2be watered 400kg/667m
2water and execute;
(4) execute foliage fertilizer: it is transplant latter 30 ~ 35 days that first time executes foliage fertilizer, foliage fertilizer mother liquor 60g is watered 90kg mixing, sprays in cigarette strain blade face; The time that second time executes foliage fertilizer is after first time executes foliage fertilizer 5 days, foliage fertilizer mother liquor 60g is watered 90kg mixing, sprays in cigarette strain blade face;
(5) spraying fertilizer: to transplant after cigarette seedling 30 ~ 35 days, making a call to a duck eye, by Special compound fertilizer for tobacco 20kg/667m from face, ridge, cigarette strain 18 ~ 22cm place
2, potassium nitrate 10kg/667m
2after mixing, to apply in hole and blinding;
(6) balance fertilizer is executed: to transplant after cigarette seedling 40 ~ 45 days, making a call to a duck eye, by Special compound fertilizer for tobacco 5kg/667m from face, ridge, cigarette strain 18 ~ 22cm place
2to apply in hole and blinding.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, the present invention effectively improves nitrogen of flue-cured tobacco availability, reduces production cost;
2, the present invention effectively improves quality of tobacco and output, improves the economic benefit of tobacco leaf.
3, the present invention's charcoal of using rice straw to make, achieves straw-returning, solves the problem that conventional incineration method Treating straw pollutes the environment;
4, the present invention can improve tobacco-growing soil physicochemical property, improves soil fertility for growing tobacco.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated, but limited the present invention never in any form, and any conversion done based on training centre of the present invention or replacement, all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Improve a fertilizing method for nitrogen of flue-cured tobacco availability, comprise the steps:
(1) whole ground basal dressing: transplant first 7 ~ 10 days, before vega ridging, apply Special compound fertilizer for tobacco 20kg ~ 40kg/667m
2, charcoal 50 ~ 130g/ strain, microbial bacterial agent 250 ~ 350g/667m
2, post-trenching, ridging, the high 25 ~ 30cm in ridge;
(2) liquid manure is with to transplant: when transplanting cigarette seedling, by Special compound fertilizer for tobacco 5kg/667m
2, with water 1650kg/667m
2preparation rich water, waters by the rich water amount of 1.5kg/ strain afterwards;
(3) execute and carry seed manure: to transplant after cigarette seedling 7 ~ 10 days, by potassium nitrate 2kg/667m
2be watered 400kg/667m
2water and execute;
(4) execute foliage fertilizer: it is transplant latter 30 ~ 35 days that first time executes foliage fertilizer, foliage fertilizer mother liquor 60g is watered 90kg mixing, sprays in cigarette strain blade face; The time that second time executes foliage fertilizer is after first time executes foliage fertilizer 5 days, foliage fertilizer mother liquor 60g is watered 90kg mixing, sprays in cigarette strain blade face;
(5) spraying fertilizer: to transplant after cigarette seedling 30 ~ 35 days, making a call to a duck eye, by Special compound fertilizer for tobacco 20kg/667m from face, ridge, cigarette strain 18 ~ 22cm place
2, potassium nitrate 10kg/667m
2after mixing, to apply in hole and blinding;
(6) balance fertilizer is executed: to transplant after cigarette seedling 40 ~ 45 days, making a call to a duck eye, by Special compound fertilizer for tobacco 5kg/667m from face, ridge, cigarette strain 18 ~ 22cm place
2to apply in hole and blinding.
Described vega is Winter paddy field.
The soil types of described vega is paddy soil, and charcoal amount of application is 110 ~ 130g/ strain.
The soil types of described vega is yellow soil, and charcoal amount of application is 50 ~ 70g/ strain.
Described charcoal take rice straw as raw material, through 500 DEG C ~ 800 DEG C Pintsch process, combustible gas isolated under anaerobic, the carbonization product made after cooling.
Described microbial bacterial agent living bacteria count > 500,000,000/ml, N:P
2o
5: K
2o=5:0:10.
Described microbial bacterial agent is bacillus licheniformis, actinomycetes and potassium solubilizing bacteria are made.
Described Special compound fertilizer for tobacco N:P
2o
5: K
2o=12:6:24.
Described foliage fertilizer mother liquor N, P
2o
5, K
2the total amount > 4%, N:P of O
2o
5: K
2o=5:0:10.
The described ratio executing Special compound fertilizer for tobacco and potassium nitrate in balance fertilizer is 2:1.
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the invention will be further described.
In the following examples 1 ~ 4, the kind of the cigarette seedling of use is identical, and soil of the same race plot used belongs to the same area.The baking method of tobacco leaf is also identical.Field management is undertaken by sound tobacco production technology, the flowers are in blossom at center first bind, individual plant leaves remained 18-20 sheet.
Economical character assay method: select representational 10 strain cigarette strains, pre-test of gathering bottom, middle part and upper leaf leaf is long and leaf is wide; After gathering, measure plant height.
Essential chemical component of flue-cured tobacco content assaying method: the analysis AA3 Continuous Flow Analysis instrument of total reducing sugar, reducing sugar (YC/T159-2002), total nitrogen (YC/T161-2002), nicotine (YC/T160-2002), chlorine (YC/T162-2002) carries out, and the analysis PEAnalyst300 Atomic Absorption Spectrometer of potassium (YC/T274-2008) carries out.
Economic benefit assay method: picking and roasting in units of community also surveys product.Classification is carried out, medium grade cigarette ratio, the output value in calculating to be treated to unit.
Nitrogen utilization efficiency computational methods: gather 4 strain cigarettes in the flue-cured tobacco maturing stage, adopt H after completing
2sO
4-Catalyst mixtures-way of distillation measures total nitrogen.Minusing is adopted to calculate N-fertilizer efficiency, nitrogen utilization efficiency=(Shi Dan district amount of nitrogen sucking-control treatment amount of nitrogen sucking)/amount of nitrogen × 100%.
embodiment 1: fertilizing method of the present invention (paddy soil)
(1) whole ground basal dressing: transplant first 7 days, before vega ridging, apply Special compound fertilizer for tobacco 30kg/667m
2, charcoal 120g/ strain, microbial bacterial agent 300g/667m
2, post-trenching, ridging, ridge height 25cm;
(2) liquid manure is with to transplant: when transplanting cigarette seedling, by Special compound fertilizer for tobacco 5kg/667m
2, with water 1650kg/667m
2preparation rich water, waters by the rich water amount of 1.5kg/ strain afterwards;
(3) execute and carry seed manure: to transplant after cigarette seedling 7 days, by potassium nitrate 2kg/667m
2be watered 400kg/667m
2water and execute;
(4) execute foliage fertilizer: transplant latter 30 days, foliage fertilizer mother liquor 60g is watered 90kg mixing, sprays in cigarette strain blade face; Transplant latter 35 days, foliage fertilizer mother liquor 60g is watered 90kg mixing, sprays in cigarette strain blade face;
(5) spraying fertilizer: to transplant after cigarette seedling 30 days, making a call to a duck eye, by Special compound fertilizer for tobacco 20kg/667m from face, ridge, cigarette strain 20cm place
2, potassium nitrate 10kg/667m
2after mixing, to apply in hole and blinding;
(6) balance fertilizer is executed: to transplant after cigarette seedling 40 days, making a call to a duck eye, by Special compound fertilizer for tobacco 5kg/667m from face, ridge, cigarette strain 20cm place
2to apply in hole and blinding.
embodiment 2: traditional fertilization method (paddy soil)
(1) whole ground basal dressing: transplant first 7 days, before vega ridging, apply Special compound fertilizer for tobacco 30kg/667m
2, post-trenching, ridging, ridge height 25cm;
(2) liquid manure is with to transplant: when transplanting cigarette seedling, by Special compound fertilizer for tobacco 5kg/667m
2, with water 1650kg/667m
2preparation rich water, waters by the rich water amount of 1.5kg/ strain afterwards;
(3) execute and carry seed manure: to transplant after cigarette seedling 7 days, potassium nitrate 2kg/667m2 is watered 400kg/667m
2water and execute;
(4) spraying fertilizer: to transplant after cigarette seedling 30 days, making a call to a duck eye, by Special compound fertilizer for tobacco 20kg/667m from face, ridge, cigarette strain 20cm place
2, potassium nitrate 10kg/667m
2after mixing, to apply in hole and blinding;
(5) balance fertilizer is executed: to transplant after cigarette seedling 40 days, making a call to a duck eye, by Special compound fertilizer for tobacco 5kg/667m from face, ridge, cigarette strain 20cm place
2to apply in hole and blinding.
embodiment 3: fertilizing method of the present invention (yellow soil)
(1) whole ground basal dressing: transplant first 7 days, before vega ridging, apply Special compound fertilizer for tobacco 30kg/667m
2, charcoal 60g/ strain, microbial bacterial agent 300g/667m
2, post-trenching, ridging, ridge height 25cm;
(2) liquid manure is with to transplant: when transplanting cigarette seedling, by Special compound fertilizer for tobacco 5kg/667m
2, with water 1650kg/667m
2preparation rich water, waters by the rich water amount of 1.5kg/ strain afterwards;
(3) execute and carry seed manure: to transplant after cigarette seedling 7 days, by potassium nitrate 2kg/667m
2be watered 400kg/667m
2water and execute;
(4) execute foliage fertilizer: transplant latter 30 days, foliage fertilizer mother liquor 60g is watered 90kg mixing, sprays in cigarette strain blade face; Transplant latter 35 days, foliage fertilizer mother liquor 60g is watered 90kg mixing, sprays in cigarette strain blade face;
(5) spraying fertilizer: to transplant after cigarette seedling 30 days, making a call to a duck eye, by Special compound fertilizer for tobacco 20kg/667m from face, ridge, cigarette strain 20cm place
2, potassium nitrate 10kg/667m
2after mixing, to apply in hole and blinding;
(6) balance fertilizer is executed: to transplant after cigarette seedling 40 days, making a call to a duck eye, by Special compound fertilizer for tobacco 5kg/667m from face, ridge, cigarette strain 20cm place
2to apply in hole and blinding.
embodiment 4: traditional fertilization method (yellow soil)
(1) whole ground basal dressing: transplant first 7 days, before vega ridging, apply Special compound fertilizer for tobacco 30kg/667m
2, post-trenching, ridging, ridge height 25cm;
(2) liquid manure is with to transplant: when transplanting cigarette seedling, by Special compound fertilizer for tobacco 5kg/667m
2, with water 1650kg/667m
2preparation rich water, waters by the rich water amount of 1.5kg/ strain afterwards;
(3) execute and carry seed manure: to transplant after cigarette seedling 7 days, by potassium nitrate 2kg/667m
2be watered 400kg/667m
2water and execute;
(4) spraying fertilizer: to transplant after cigarette seedling 30 days, making a call to a duck eye, by Special compound fertilizer for tobacco 20kg/667m from face, ridge, cigarette strain 20cm place
2, potassium nitrate 10kg/667m
2after mixing, to apply in hole and blinding;
(5) balance fertilizer is executed: to transplant after cigarette seedling 40 days, making a call to a duck eye, by Special compound fertilizer for tobacco 5kg/667m from face, ridge, cigarette strain 20cm place
2to apply in hole and blinding.
Flue-cured tobacco economical character in embodiment 1 ~ 4, main chemical compositions content, economic benefit and nitrogen utilization efficiency analysis are as shown in table 1 ~ 3.
As shown in Table 1, compared with embodiment 2, embodiment 1 cigarette strain effective blade number increases by 1, adopts the long increase by 1.2% of the maximum leaf of roasting flue-cured tobacco the previous day, and maximum width of blade increases by 6.7%, and maximum leaf area increases by 7.8%, and average leaf area increases by 7.9%; Compared with embodiment 4, embodiment 3 effective blade number increases by 2, and flue-cured tobacco plant height increases by 5.6%, the long increase by 5.4% of the maximum leaf of flue-cured tobacco, and maximum width of blade increases by 10.7%, and maximum leaf area increases by 8.9%, and average leaf area increases by 3.5%.
Table 1 shows, compared with embodiment 2, the economical character of embodiment 1 is better; Compared with embodiment 4, the economical character of embodiment 3 is better.
Table 1: adopt flue-cured tobacco economical character roasting the previous day
Effective blade number (sheet/strain) | Plant height (cm) | Maximum leaf long (cm) | Maximum width of blade (cm) | Maximum leaf area (cm 2) | Average leaf area (cm 2) | |
Embodiment 1 | 19 | 115 | 86 | 32 | 1706 | 903 |
Embodiment 2 | 18 | 117 | 85 | 30 | 1582 | 837 |
Embodiment 3 | 19 | 75 | 78 | 31 | 1510 | 741 |
Embodiment 4 | 17 | 71 | 74 | 28 | 1386 | 716 |
As shown in Table 2, in the middle part of embodiment 1 ~ 4, junior tobacco leaf total reducing sugar, reducing sugar, total nitrogen and nicotine are all within comparatively suitable content range.
Tobacco leaf potassium can improve flammability and the hygroscopicity of tobacco leaf, improves color and the identity of tobacco leaf, and General Requirements sound tobacco potassium content is not less than 2%.As shown in Table 2, compared with embodiment 2, in the middle part of embodiment 1, junior tobacco leaf potassium content improves 9.4%; Compared with embodiment 4, in the middle part of embodiment 3, junior tobacco leaf potassium content improves 22.2%;
Chloride ion content in tobacco leaf affects the combustible key factor of tobacco leaf, and general sound tobacco requires that chloride ion content is between 0.1 ~ 0.8%, higher, can affect the judging parameter of tobacco leaf.As shown in Table 2, compared with embodiment 2, in the middle part of embodiment 1, junior tobacco leaf chlorinity reduces 50.0%; Compared with embodiment 4, in the middle part of embodiment 3, junior tobacco leaf chlorinity reduces 33.3%;
Two sugar differences reflect sugar harmony and Maturity of Tobacco Leaf, and two sugar differences are less, and quality of tobacco is better.As shown in Table 2, compared with embodiment 2, in the middle part of embodiment 1, junior tobacco leaf two sugar difference reduces 28.1%; Compared with embodiment 4, in the middle part of embodiment 3, junior tobacco leaf two sugar difference reduces 20.7%.
Table 2 shows, compared with embodiment 2, just roasting Flue-cured tobacco Quality is better for the middle leaf of embodiment 1; Compared with embodiment 4, just roasting Flue-cured tobacco Quality is better for the middle leaf of embodiment 3.
Table 2: middle leaf is roasting essential chemical component of flue-cured tobacco content just
Process | Total reducing sugar (%) | Reducing sugar (%) | Total nitrogen (%) | Nicotine (%) | Potassium (%) | Chlorine (%) | Two sugar are poor |
Embodiment 1 | 28.3 | 23.7 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 3.5 | 0.4 | 4.6 |
Embodiment 2 | 29.6 | 23.2 | 2.2 | 2.5 | 3.2 | 0.8 | 6.4 |
Embodiment 3 | 29.8 | 22.9 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 3.3 | 0.4 | 6.9 |
Embodiment 4 | 33.9 | 25.2 | 2.1 | 2.4 | 2.7 | 0.6 | 8.7 |
As shown in Table 3, compared with embodiment 2, embodiment 1 yield of flue-cured tobacco adds 4.6%, and the output value adds 5.0%, and better-than-average cigarette ratio improves 2.5%, and nitrogen utilization efficiency improves 16.8%; Compared with embodiment 4, embodiment 3 yield of flue-cured tobacco adds 6.8%, and the output value adds 4.9%, and better-than-average cigarette ratio improves 3.4%, and nitrogen utilization efficiency improves 13.4%.
Table 3 shows, compared with embodiment 2, the flue-cured tobacco economic benefit of embodiment 1 and nitrogen utilization efficiency higher; Compared with embodiment 4, the flue-cured tobacco economic benefit of embodiment 3 and nitrogen utilization efficiency higher.
Table 3: flue-cured tobacco economic benefit and nitrogen utilization efficiency
Output (kg/ha) | The output value (unit/ha) | Better-than-average cigarette ratio (%) | Nitrogen utilization efficiency (%) | |
Embodiment 1 | 1717 | 26380 | 92.5 | 57.3 |
Embodiment 2 | 1641 | 25131 | 90.2 | 40.5 |
Embodiment 3 | 1635 | 25716 | 89.4 | 44.6 |
Embodiment 4 | 1531 | 24519 | 86.5 | 31.2 |
Claims (10)
1. improve a fertilizing method for nitrogen of flue-cured tobacco availability, comprise the steps:
(1) whole ground basal dressing: transplant first 7 ~ 10 days, before vega ridging, apply Special compound fertilizer for tobacco 20kg ~ 40kg/667m
2, charcoal 50 ~ 130g/ strain, microbial bacterial agent 250 ~ 350g/667m
2, post-trenching, ridging, the high 25 ~ 30cm in ridge;
(2) liquid manure is with to transplant: when transplanting cigarette seedling, by Special compound fertilizer for tobacco 5kg/667m
2, with water 1650kg/667m
2preparation rich water, waters by the rich water amount of 1.5kg/ strain afterwards;
(3) execute and carry seed manure: to transplant after cigarette seedling 7 ~ 10 days, by potassium nitrate 1 ~ 3kg/667m
2be watered 200 ~ 600kg/667m
2water and execute;
(4) execute foliage fertilizer: it is transplant latter 30 ~ 35 days that first time executes foliage fertilizer, foliage fertilizer mother liquor 50 ~ 70g is watered 75 ~ 105kg mixing, sprays in cigarette strain blade face; The time that second time executes foliage fertilizer is after first time executes foliage fertilizer 5 days, foliage fertilizer mother liquor 50 ~ 70g is watered 75 ~ 105kg mixing, sprays in cigarette strain blade face;
(5) spraying fertilizer: to transplant after cigarette seedling 30 ~ 35 days, making a call to a duck eye, by Special compound fertilizer for tobacco 10 ~ 30kg/667m from face, ridge, cigarette strain 18 ~ 22cm place
2, potassium nitrate 5 ~ 15kg/667m
2after mixing, to apply in hole and blinding;
(6) balance fertilizer is executed: to transplant after cigarette seedling 40 ~ 45 days, making a call to a duck eye, by Special compound fertilizer for tobacco 5kg/667m from face, ridge, cigarette strain 18 ~ 22cm place
2to apply in hole and blinding.
2. the fertilizing method of raising nitrogen of flue-cured tobacco availability according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described vega is Winter paddy field.
3. the fertilizing method of raising nitrogen of flue-cured tobacco availability according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the soil types of described vega is paddy soil, and charcoal amount of application is 110 ~ 130g/ strain.
4. the fertilizing method of raising nitrogen of flue-cured tobacco availability according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the soil types of described vega is yellow soil, and charcoal amount of application is 50 ~ 70g/ strain.
5. the fertilizing method of raising nitrogen of flue-cured tobacco availability according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described charcoal take rice straw as raw material, through 500 ~ 800 DEG C of Pintsch process, combustible gas isolated under anaerobic, the carbonization product made after cooling.
6. the fertilizing method of raising nitrogen of flue-cured tobacco availability according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described microbial bacterial agent living bacteria count > 500,000,000/ml, N:P
2o
5: K
2o=5:0:10.
7. the fertilizing method of the raising nitrogen of flue-cured tobacco availability according to claim 1 or 6, is characterized in that: described microbial bacterial agent is bacillus licheniformis, actinomycetes and potassium solubilizing bacteria are made.
8. the fertilizing method of raising nitrogen of flue-cured tobacco availability according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described Special compound fertilizer for tobacco N:P
2o
5: K
2o=12:6:24.
9. the fertilizing method of raising nitrogen of flue-cured tobacco availability according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described foliage fertilizer mother liquor N, P
2o
5, K
2the total amount > 4%, N:P of O
2o
5: K
2o=5:0:10.
10. the fertilizing method of raising nitrogen of flue-cured tobacco availability according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the described ratio executing Special compound fertilizer for tobacco and potassium nitrate in balance fertilizer is 2:1.
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