CN109258039B - Fertilizing method for improving potassium content of flue-cured tobacco leaves - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fertilizing method for improving potassium content of flue-cured tobacco leaves, which comprises the following technical means: (1) 30-40 kg/667m of compound fertilizer special for tobacco applied in base fertilizer layered pond2And 250-300 kg/hm of potassium humate2(ii) a (2) 10-20 kg/667m of potassium nitrate applied by drip irrigation2And 5-10 kg/667m of potassium fulvate2(ii) a (3) 5-10 kg/667m of potassium fulvate is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of 40-50 days after planting2The concentration is 0.2-0.4%; (4) the ratio of nitrogen to potassium in all the chemical fertilizers is 1: 3-3.5. The method can effectively improve the potassium content of the flue-cured tobacco leaves, simultaneously control the input of the chemical potash fertilizer, improve the utilization efficiency of the potash fertilizer, reduce the labor input for fertilization and increase the production benefit of the flue-cured tobacco.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of flue-cured tobacco planting, and particularly relates to a fertilizing method for improving potassium content of flue-cured tobacco leaves.
Background
The potassium content is one of the important indexes of the quality of the tobacco leaves. Potassium can enhance the substance synthesis and sugar accumulation of indexes related to aroma quality, aroma quantity and sugar content in the tobacco leaves, and directly influences the internal and external quality of the tobacco leaves. The potassium is applied to improve the smoke quality, the content of the nicols in the tobacco leaves is obviously reduced, and the content change of various chemical components is greatly influenced. High quality tobacco leaves generally require a potassium content of > 1.7%.
At present, the optimized application of the potash fertilizer is a main way for improving the potassium content of the tobacco leaves. For example: the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, the biological potassium fertilizer, the organic potassium fertilizer and the like can improve the potassium content of the tobacco leaves and improve the quality of the tobacco leaves. In addition, the application of potassium-rich green manure on crops is common, in recent years, slow-release potassium fertilizers such as citrate-soluble potassium fertilizer and potassium humate fertilizer are applied to crops, low-rank coal is used as a main raw material, and certain effects are achieved by improving the principle that the absorption of potassium by crops is matched with the potassium supply curve of soil. However, the existing flue-cured tobacco potassium extraction technology is not favorable for controlling fertilizer and extracting efficiency in tobacco production due to low utilization rate of potassium fertilizer; on the other hand, most of the conventional potassium fertilizer application modes are ring application, hole application or pouring application, so that more labor investment is needed, and cost saving and income increasing are not facilitated.
Therefore, the fertilizing method for improving the potassium content of the flue-cured tobacco leaves is developed, the potassium fertilizer input is controlled, the utilization efficiency of the potassium fertilizer is improved, the labor input for fertilization is reduced, and the production benefit of the flue-cured tobacco leaves is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fertilizing method for improving the potassium content of flue-cured tobacco leaves.
The object of the invention is achieved by the following steps:
(1) and (3) applying base fertilizer in a layered pond: after ridging and pond-digging of the tobacco field, 30-40 kg/667m of compound fertilizer special for tobacco is added2After being fully and uniformly mixed with the bottom pond soil, covering 2-3 cm of soil, and then, 250-300 kg/hm of potassium humate2Mixing the mixture with middle pond soil, and covering soil for 1-2 cm;
(2) drip irrigation and topdressing: beginning 30 days after the tobacco plants are transplanted, applying 10-20 kg/667m of potassium nitrate in a drip irrigation fertilization mode2And 5-10 kg/667m of potassium fulvate2A fertilizer;
(3) spraying a leaf fertilizer: after transplanting for 40-50 days, 5-10 kg/667m of potassium fulvate fertilizer2And spraying the fertilizer on the front and back surfaces of the leaves, wherein the concentration is controlled to be 0.2-0.4%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the method can effectively improve the potassium content of the flue-cured tobacco leaves, simultaneously controls the input of the chemical potash fertilizer, improves the utilization efficiency of the potash fertilizer, reduces the labor input for fertilization, increases the production benefit of the flue-cured tobacco, and improves the quality and the industrial availability of the tobacco leaves;
2. in the top dressing stage, the water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation fertilization is adopted, so that the utilization efficiency of the potassium fertilizer is effectively improved, the manual input in the fertilization process is obviously reduced, and the fertilization efficiency is improved.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to be limiting in any way, and any modifications or alterations based on the teachings of the present invention are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
The invention relates to a fertilizing method for improving the potassium content of flue-cured tobacco leaves, which comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) applying base fertilizer in a layered pond: after ridging and pond-digging of the tobacco field, 30-40 kg/667m of compound fertilizer special for tobacco is added2After being fully and uniformly mixed with the bottom pond soil, covering 2-3 cm of soil, and then, 250-300 kg/hm of potassium humate2Mixing the mixture with middle pond soil, and covering soil for 1-2 cm;
(2) drip irrigation and topdressing: beginning 30 days after the tobacco plants are transplanted, applying 10-20 kg/667m of potassium nitrate in a drip irrigation fertilization mode2And 5-10 kg/667m of potassium fulvate2A fertilizer;
(3) spraying a leaf fertilizer: after transplanting for 40-50 days, 5-10 kg/667m of potassium fulvate fertilizer2And spraying the fertilizer on the front and back surfaces of the leaves, wherein the concentration is controlled to be 0.2-0.4%.
Further, the special compound fertilizer N: P for tobacco2O5:K2O =8:12:25。
Further, the tobacco field type is fieldThe consumption of the special compound fertilizer for tobacco and tobacco is 30kg/667m2。
Furthermore, the tobacco field type is mountain tobacco, and the consumption of the special compound fertilizer for tobacco is 40kg/667m2。
Furthermore, the content of humic acid in the potassium humate is more than or equal to 50 percent, the content of potassium carbonate is more than or equal to 8 percent, and the number of effective viable bacteria is more than or equal to 2 hundred million/g.
Further, the potassium nitrate and the potassium fulvate in the step (2) are prepared into a mixed fertilizer solution, the mixed fertilizer solution is applied by drip irrigation 30-35 d, 35-40 d and 40-45 d after the transplanting after the planting, and the concentration of the fertilizer applied each time is controlled to be 0.4-0.6%.
Further, potassium (K) in potassium nitrate2O) content is more than or equal to 46 percent.
Furthermore, the content of the potassium fulvate (calculated on a dry basis) is more than or equal to 50 percent, and the content of organic matters (calculated on a dry basis) is more than or equal to 50 percent.
Further, the nitrogen-potassium ratio in all the chemical fertilizers in the fertilizing method is 1: 3-3.5.
In examples 1 to 4 below, the tobacco seedlings used were of the same variety, and plots used for the same kind of soil were in the same area. The tobacco leaf curing method is also the same. The field management is carried out according to the production technology of high-quality tobacco leaves, the central flower is opened for the first time and the top is sealed, and the number of leaves left by each plant is 18-20.
Analysis of the content of potassium (YC/T274-2008) in flue-cured tobacco leaves was performed with a PE Analyst 300 atomic absorption spectrometer.
The economic benefit determination method comprises the following steps: the roasting is collected and the yield is measured by taking the cell as a unit. Grading is carried out by taking the treatment as a unit, and the medium smoke proportion and the yield value are calculated.
The calculation method of the potassium utilization efficiency comprises the following steps: collecting 4 tobacco plants in the mature period of the flue-cured tobacco, and determining the total potassium content of the plants after deactivation of enzymes. And calculating the utilization rate of potassium in the fertilizer by adopting a differential subtraction method, wherein the utilization rate of potassium is = (nitrogen absorption amount of a potassium applying region-potassium absorption amount of contrast treatment)/potassium application amount is multiplied by 100%.
Example 1: the invention relates to a fertilizing method (Yunnan Qujing Xuanwei field tobacco)
(1) And (3) applying base fertilizer in a layered pond: after the tobacco field is ridged and pond-opened,mixing tobacco with special compound fertilizer (N: P)2O5:K2O =8:12:25）30kg/667m2After being fully and uniformly mixed with the bottom layer pond soil, the soil is covered by 2cm, and then 270 kg/hm of potassium humate is added2Mixing, and covering with soil of 1 cm;
(2) beginning 30 days after the tobacco plants are transplanted, applying potassium nitrate 15kg/667m in a drip irrigation fertilization mode2And 10kg/667m of potassium fulvate2A fertilizer;
(3) the mixed fertilizer solution of potassium nitrate and potassium humate is applied by drip irrigation at 30d, 35d and 40d after the transplanting after the planting, and the concentration of the fertilizer is controlled to be 0.5% each time;
(4) at 45d after planting, 5kg/667m of fulvic acid potassium fertilizer2Spraying the fertilizer on the front and back surfaces of the leaves, wherein the concentration is controlled to be 0.3%;
(5) the nitrogen-potassium ratio in all the chemical fertilizers is 1: 3.3.
Example 2: traditional fertilizing method (Yunnan Qujing Xuanwei field tobacco)
(1) And (3) applying base fertilizer in a layered pond: after ridging and pool-digging of the tobacco field, the special compound fertilizer (N: P) for tobacco is added2O5:K2O =8:12:25）30kg/667m2After fully and uniformly mixing with the pond soil, covering soil of 1 cm;
(2) 7 days after the tobacco seedlings are transplanted, 10kg/667m of potassium nitrate is added2Adding 500kg/667m of water2Pouring and applying;
(3) 35 days after transplanting tobacco seedlings, making a small hole on the ridge surface 20cm away from tobacco plants, and adding special compound fertilizer (N: P) for tobacco2O5:K2O =8:12:25）25kg/667m210kg/667m of potassium sulfate2After being mixed evenly, the mixture is applied into the hole and covered with soil.
Example 3: the fertilization method of the invention (Yunnan Wen hillock mountain tobacco)
(1) And (3) applying base fertilizer in a layered pond: after ridging and pool-digging of the tobacco field, 40kg/667m of special compound fertilizer for tobacco is added2After being fully and uniformly mixed with the bottom layer pond soil, the soil is covered by 2cm, and then 270 kg/hm of potassium humate is added2Mixing, and covering with soil of 1 cm;
(2) beginning 30 days after the tobacco plants are transplanted, applying potassium nitrate 15kg/667m in a drip irrigation fertilization mode2And 10kg/667m of potassium fulvate2A fertilizer;
(3) the mixed fertilizer solution of potassium nitrate and potassium humate is applied by drip irrigation at 30d, 35d and 40d after the transplanting after the planting, and the concentration of the fertilizer is controlled to be 0.5% each time;
(4) at 45d after planting, 5kg/667m of fulvic acid potassium fertilizer2Spraying the fertilizer on the front and back surfaces of the leaves, wherein the concentration is controlled to be 0.3%;
(5) the ratio of nitrogen to potassium in the whole fertilizer is 1: 3.3.
Example 4: traditional fertilizing method (Yunnan Wen hillock mountain tobacco)
(1) And (3) applying base fertilizer in a layered pond: after ridging and pool-digging of the tobacco field, the special compound fertilizer (N: P) for tobacco is added2O5:K2O =8:12:25）40kg/667m2After fully and uniformly mixing with the pond soil, covering soil of 1 cm;
(2) 7 days after the tobacco seedlings are transplanted, 10kg/667m of potassium nitrate is added2Adding 500kg/667m of water2Pouring and applying;
(3) 35 days after transplanting tobacco seedlings, making a small hole on the ridge surface 20cm away from tobacco plants, and adding special compound fertilizer (N: P) for tobacco2O5:K2O =8:12:25）25kg/667m210kg/667m of potassium sulfate2After being mixed evenly, the mixture is applied into the hole and covered with soil.
Test example 1-analysis of flue-cured tobacco yield, yield value, Primary flue-cured tobacco Potassium content and Potassium utilization
The flue-cured tobacco yield, yield value, potassium content of flue-cured tobacco leaves and potassium utilization rate analysis in examples 1-4 are shown in table 1.
As can be seen from Table 1, compared with example 2, the potassium content of the flue-cured tobacco leaves in the middle of example 1 is increased by 50.0%; compared with example 4, the potassium content of the flue-cured tobacco leaves in the middle of example 3 is improved by 43.8 percent. Therefore, the method effectively improves the potassium content of the flue-cured tobacco leaves, and improves the quality and the industrial availability of the tobacco leaves.
In the aspect of economic properties of flue-cured tobacco, compared with the example 2, the yield and the output value of the tobacco leaves and the proportion of middle and upper grade tobacco are respectively improved by 16.7 percent, 7.7 percent and 6.1 percent in the example 1, and meanwhile, the labor cost for fertilization is reduced by 1.0; compared with the embodiment 4, the yield and the output value of the tobacco leaves and the proportion of middle and upper grade tobacco are respectively improved by 10.2 percent, 14.1 percent and 10.4 percent in the embodiment 3, and meanwhile, the labor cost for fertilization is reduced by 1.0. Therefore, drip irrigation fertilization (water and fertilizer integration) is adopted in the topdressing stage, the manual investment in the fertilization process is obviously reduced, and the fertilization benefit is improved.
In the aspect of utilization rate of the potash fertilizer, compared with the embodiment 2, the utilization rate of the potash fertilizer in the embodiment 1 is improved by 10.6 percent; compared with the embodiment 4, the utilization rate of the potash fertilizer in the embodiment 3 is improved by 15.5 percent. Therefore, the invention effectively improves the utilization efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer by applying the potassium fertilizer by adopting the drip irrigation fertilization (water and fertilizer integration) technology.
Table 1: the potassium content of middle leaf (C3F grade) tobacco leaf, the economic benefit of flue-cured tobacco and the utilization rate of potassium fertilizer
Example 5
A fertilizing method for improving the potassium content of flue-cured tobacco leaves comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) applying base fertilizer in a layered pond: after ridging and pond-digging of the tobacco field, 30kg/667m of special compound fertilizer for tobacco is added2After being fully and uniformly mixed with the bottom layer pond soil, the soil is covered by 2cm, and then 250 kg/hm of potassium humate is added2Mixing with middle layer soil, and covering with soil of 1 cm; the special compound fertilizer N: P for tobacco2O5:K2O =8:12: 25; the tobacco field type is field tobacco; the content of humic acid in the potassium humate is more than or equal to 50 percent, the content of potassium carbonate is more than or equal to 8 percent, and the number of effective viable bacteria is more than or equal to 2 hundred million/g;
(2) drip irrigation and topdressing: beginning 30 days after the tobacco plants are transplanted, applying 10kg/667m of potassium nitrate in a drip irrigation fertilization mode2And 5kg/667m of potassium fulvate2A fertilizer; the potassium nitrate and the potassium fulvate are prepared into mixed fertilizer solution, the mixed fertilizer solution is applied by drip irrigation at 30d, 35d and 40d after the transplanting after the planting, and the concentration of the fertilizer applied each time is controlled at 0.4%;
(3) spraying a leaf fertilizer: 40 days after transplanting, 5kg/667m of potassium fulvate fertilizer2Spraying the mixture on the front and back surfaces of the leaf to obtain the concentrationThe control is at 0.2%.
Potassium (K) in the potassium nitrate2O) content is more than or equal to 46 percent. The content of the potassium fulvate (calculated by dry basis) is more than or equal to 50 percent, and the content of organic matter (calculated by dry basis) is more than or equal to 50 percent. The nitrogen-potassium ratio in all the chemical fertilizers of the fertilizing method is 1:3.
Example 6
A fertilizing method for improving the potassium content of flue-cured tobacco leaves comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) applying base fertilizer in a layered pond: after ridging and pool-digging of the tobacco field, 40kg/667m of special compound fertilizer for tobacco is added2After being fully and uniformly mixed with the bottom layer pond soil, the soil is covered by 3cm, and then 300kg/hm of potassium humate is added2Mixing with middle layer soil, and covering with soil 2 cm; the special compound fertilizer N: P for tobacco2O5:K2O =8:12: 25; the tobacco field type is mountain tobacco; the content of humic acid in the potassium humate is more than or equal to 50 percent, the content of potassium carbonate is more than or equal to 8 percent, and the number of effective viable bacteria is more than or equal to 2 hundred million/g;
(2) drip irrigation and topdressing: beginning 30 days after the tobacco plants are transplanted, applying potassium nitrate of 20kg/667m in a drip irrigation fertilization mode2And 10kg/667m of potassium fulvate2A fertilizer; the potassium nitrate and the potassium fulvate are prepared into mixed fertilizer solution, the mixed fertilizer solution is applied by drip irrigation at 35d, 40d and 45d after transplanting after planting, and the concentration of the fertilizer applied each time is controlled at 0.6%;
(3) spraying a leaf fertilizer: 50 days after transplanting, 10kg/667m of potassium fulvate fertilizer2Spraying the fertilizer on the front and back surfaces of the leaves, wherein the concentration is controlled to be 0.4%.
Potassium (K) in the potassium nitrate2O) content is more than or equal to 46 percent. The content of the potassium fulvate (calculated by dry basis) is more than or equal to 50 percent, and the content of organic matter (calculated by dry basis) is more than or equal to 50 percent. The nitrogen-potassium ratio of all the chemical fertilizers in the fertilizing method is 1: 3.5.
Example 7
A fertilizing method for improving the potassium content of flue-cured tobacco leaves comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) applying base fertilizer in a layered pond: after ridging and pond-digging of the tobacco field, 30kg/667m of special compound fertilizer for tobacco is added2Fully mixed with bottom pond soilAfter mixing evenly, covering soil for 3cm, and then, 270 kg/hm of potassium humate2Mixing with middle layer soil, and covering with soil of 1 cm; the special compound fertilizer N: P for tobacco2O5:K2O =8:12: 25; the tobacco field type is field tobacco; the content of humic acid in the potassium humate is more than or equal to 50 percent, the content of potassium carbonate is more than or equal to 8 percent, and the number of effective viable bacteria is more than or equal to 2 hundred million/g;
(2) drip irrigation and topdressing: beginning 30 days after the tobacco plants are transplanted, applying potassium nitrate 15kg/667m in a drip irrigation fertilization mode2And 8kg/667m of potassium fulvate2A fertilizer; the potassium nitrate and the potassium fulvate are prepared into mixed fertilizer solution, the mixed fertilizer solution is applied by drip irrigation at 32d, 37d and 42d after the transplanting after the planting, and the concentration of the fertilizer applied each time is controlled at 0.5%;
(3) spraying a leaf fertilizer: 45 days after transplanting, 8kg/667m of potassium fulvate fertilizer2Spraying the fertilizer on the front and back surfaces of the leaves, wherein the concentration is controlled to be 0.3%.
Potassium (K) in the potassium nitrate2O) content is more than or equal to 46 percent. The nitrogen-potassium ratio of all the chemical fertilizers in the fertilizing method is 1: 3.2.
Claims (5)
1. A fertilizing method for improving the potassium content of flue-cured tobacco leaves is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) and (3) applying base fertilizer in a layered pond: after ridging and pond-digging of the tobacco field, 30-40 kg/667m of compound fertilizer special for tobacco is added2After being fully and uniformly mixed with the bottom pond soil, covering 2-3 cm of soil, and then, 250-300 kg/hm of potassium humate2Mixing the mixture with middle pond soil, and covering soil for 1-2 cm; compound fertilizer N: P special for tobacco2O5:K2O =8:12:25；
(2) Drip irrigation and topdressing: beginning 30 days after the tobacco plants are transplanted, applying 10-20 kg/667m of potassium nitrate in a drip irrigation fertilization mode2And 5-10 kg/667m of potassium fulvate2A fertilizer; preparing mixed fertilizer solution from potassium nitrate and potassium fulvate, and after transplanting the mixed fertilizer solution after planting, respectively performing drip irrigation application for 30-35 d, 35-40 d and 40-45 d, and controlling the concentration of the fertilizer to be 0.4-0.6% each time; the potassium content in the potassium nitrate is more than or equal to 46 percent;
(3) spraying a leaf fertilizer: 40-50 days after transplanting, and fulvic acid potassium fertilizer5-10 kg/667m of material2And spraying the fertilizer on the front and back surfaces of the leaves, wherein the concentration is controlled to be 0.2-0.4%.
2. Fertilizing method according to claim 1, characterised in that the tobacco field type is field tobacco and the amount of compound fertilizer dedicated to tobacco is 30kg/667m2。
3. Fertilizing method according to claim 1, characterised in that the tobacco field type is mountain tobacco and the amount of compound fertilizer dedicated to tobacco is 40kg/667m2。
4. The fertilizing method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the humic acid content of the potassium humate is more than or equal to 50%, the potassium carbonate content is more than or equal to 8%, and the effective viable count is more than or equal to 2 hundred million/g.
5. The fertilization method of claim 1, wherein the ratio of nitrogen to potassium in the total chemical fertilizer is 1:3 to 3.5.
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| CN110100519B (en) * | 2019-03-06 | 2022-05-17 | 湖南省蔬菜研究所 | Fertilizing method for improving soil property and increasing vitamin C and protein content of capsicum |
| CN111418468A (en) * | 2020-04-01 | 2020-07-17 | 贵州省烟草公司毕节市公司 | Method for improving oil content of flue-cured tobacco leaves |
| CN113336607B (en) * | 2021-07-07 | 2023-01-13 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Method for improving utilization rate of potassium in tobacco by using high-calcium soil and compound nutrient |
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