CN109258039A - A kind of fertilizing method improving junior tobacco leaf potassium content - Google Patents
A kind of fertilizing method improving junior tobacco leaf potassium content Download PDFInfo
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- CN109258039A CN109258039A CN201811377975.0A CN201811377975A CN109258039A CN 109258039 A CN109258039 A CN 109258039A CN 201811377975 A CN201811377975 A CN 201811377975A CN 109258039 A CN109258039 A CN 109258039A
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- tobacco leaf
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/45—Tobacco
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of fertilizing methods for improving junior tobacco leaf potassium content, including following technological means: (1) 30 ~ 40kg/667m of Special compound fertilizer for tobacco is applied on the base manure layering pool2With 250~300kg/hm of potassium humate2；(2) trickle irrigation imposes 10~20kg/667m of potassium nitrate2With 5~10kg/667m of potassium fulvate2；(3) 40~50d foliage-spray potassium fulvate, 5~10kg/667m after planting2, concentration 0.2~0.4%；(4) proportion of N and K fertilizer in whole chemical fertilizer is 1:3 ~ 3.5.The present invention can effectively improve junior tobacco leaf potassium content, while control Chemical Potassium investment, improve the utilization efficiency of potash fertilizer, reduce fertilising recruitment investment, increase cured tobacco production benefit.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to tobacco planting fields, and in particular to a kind of fertilizing method for improving junior tobacco leaf potassium content.
Background technique
Potassium content is one of the important indicator of quality of tobacco superiority and inferiority.Potassium can enhance aroma quality in tobacco leaf, perfume quantity and sugar and contain
The substance synthesis of index of correlation and the accumulation of sugared part are measured, inherence and the exterior quality of tobacco leaf are directly affected.Applying potassium improves flue gas product
Matter, Buddhist nun's Gu content reduces obvious in tobacco leaf, has a major impact to the changes of contents of various chemical components.Sound tobacco generally requires
Potassium content > 1.7%.
Currently, the optimization application for passing through potash fertilizer is to improve the main path of potassium content of tobacco leaf.Such as: compound potassium sulfate fertilizer,
Biological potassium fertilizer and organic potassic fertilizer etc. can improve potassium content of tobacco leaf, improve quality of tobacco.Exception, rich potassium green manure answering on crop
With also more typically, in recent years, application slow potash fertilizer is all made of low order such as solubility in citric acid potash fertilizer and potash humate in crop
Coal is primary raw material, and the principle mutually matched to the absorption of potassium with Soil Potassium curve by improving crop also achieves one
A little effects.However, existing flue-cured tobacco proposes potassium technology since potassium utilization rate is not high, the control fertilizer for being unfavorable for leaf tobacco production proposes effect；It is another
Aspect, Potassium Fertilizer mode is mostly that traditional ring is applied, cave is applied or pours and applies at present, generally requires more recruitment investment, is unfavorable for
Abridged edition increases income.
In this regard, the present invention researches and develops a kind of fertilizing method for improving junior tobacco leaf potassium content, while controlling potash fertilizer investment, improve
The utilization efficiency of potash fertilizer reduces fertilising recruitment investment, increases cured tobacco production benefit.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of fertilizing methods for improving junior tobacco leaf potassium content.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this, comprising the following steps:
(1) the base manure layering pool is applied: after tobacco field ridging dig reservoir, by 30 ~ 40kg/667m of Special compound fertilizer for tobacco2It is filled with bottom pool soil
Divide 2 ~ 3cm of earthing after mixing, later by 250~300 kg/hm of potassium humate21 ~ 2cm of earthing after being mixed with middle layer pool soil；
(2) trickle irrigation top dressing: 30d starts after cigarette strain transplanting, by the way of fertigation, applies 10~20 kg/ of potassium nitrate
667m2With 5~10 kg/667m of potassium fulvate2Fertilizer；
(3) foliar fertilizer is sprayed: 40~50d after transplanting, 5~10kg/667m of potassium fulvate fertilizer2, leave dual sides are sprayed on, it is dense
Degree control is 0.2~0.4%.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1, the present invention can effectively improve junior tobacco leaf potassium content, while control Chemical Potassium investment, improve the utilization efficiency of potash fertilizer,
Fertilising recruitment investment is reduced, increases cured tobacco production benefit, improves quality of tobacco and its industrial applicability；
2, stage of topdressing of the present invention is all made of the fertigation of water-fertilizer integral, effectively increases the utilization efficiency of potash fertilizer, significantly
Reduce the artificial investment during fertilising, improves fertilising efficiency.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated, but the present invention is limited in any way,
Based on present invention teach that it is made it is any transform or replace, all belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.
The fertilizing method of the present invention for improving junior tobacco leaf potassium content, comprising the following steps:
(1) the base manure layering pool is applied: after tobacco field ridging dig reservoir, by 30 ~ 40kg/667m of Special compound fertilizer for tobacco2It is filled with bottom pool soil
Divide 2 ~ 3cm of earthing after mixing, later by 250~300 kg/hm of potassium humate21 ~ 2cm of earthing after being mixed with middle layer pool soil；
(2) trickle irrigation top dressing: 30d starts after cigarette strain transplanting, by the way of fertigation, applies 10~20 kg/ of potassium nitrate
667m2With 5~10 kg/667m of potassium fulvate2Fertilizer；
(3) foliar fertilizer is sprayed: 40~50d after transplanting, 5~10kg/667m of potassium fulvate fertilizer2, leave dual sides are sprayed on, it is dense
Degree control is 0.2~0.4%.
Further, the Special compound fertilizer for tobacco N:P2O5:K2O =8:12:25。
Further, the tobacco field type is field cigarette, and Special compound fertilizer for tobacco dosage is 30 kg/667m2。
Further, the tobacco field type is mountainous region cigarette, and Special compound fertilizer for tobacco dosage is 40 kg/667m2。
Further, content of humic acid >=50% of the potassium humate, carbonic acid potassium content >=8%, living bacteria count >=2
Hundred million/gram.
Further, potassium nitrate described in step (2) and potassium fulvate are first configured to mixing solution, and will mix solution
30~35d, 35~40d and the application of 40~45d trickle irrigation finish after transplanting after cultivation, and each fertilizer concentration control exists
0.4~0.6%.
Further, potassium (K in the potassium nitrate2O) content >=46%.
Further, the potassium fulvate, potassium fulvate content (in terms of butt) >=50%, the content of organic matter is (with butt
Meter) >=50%.
Further, the proportion of N and K fertilizer in whole chemical fertilizer of the fertilizing method is 1:3 ~ 3.5.
In embodiment 1 ~ 4 below, the kind of the tobacco seedlings used is identical, and plot used in soil of the same race belongs to the same area.
The baking method of tobacco leaf is also identical.Field management is carried out by sound tobacco production technology, the flowers are in blossom at center first bind, single plant stays
Number of sheets 18-20 piece.
The analysis of junior tobacco leaf potassium (YC/T274-2008) content with 300 Atomic Absorption Spectrometer of PE Analyst into
Row.
Economic benefit measuring method: production as unit picking and roasting and is surveyed using cell.It is classified, is calculated as unit of processing
Upper medium grade cigarette ratio, the output value.
Potassium use efficiency calculation method: 4 plants of cigarettes are acquired in the flue-cured tobacco maturity period, the full potassium content of plant is measured after water-removing.It adopts
With minusing calculate fertilizer potassium utilization rate, potassium utilization rate=(area Shi Jia amount of nitrogen sucking-control treatment K uptake)/amount of potassium applied ×
100%。
Embodiment 1: fertilizing method (Qujing of Yunnan Xuanwei field cigarette) of the invention
(1) the base manure layering pool is applied: after tobacco field ridging dig reservoir, by Special compound fertilizer for tobacco (N:P2O5:K2O=8:12:25) 30kg/
667m2Rear earthing 2cm is mixed well with bottom pool soil, later by 270 kg of potassium humate/hm2With mix after earthing 1cm；
(2) 30d starts after cigarette strain transplanting, by the way of fertigation, applies 15 kg/667m of potassium nitrate2With potassium fulvate 10
kg/667m2Fertilizer；
(3) application of 30d, 35d and 40d trickle irrigation finishes after potassium nitrate and potassium humate mixing solution are transplanted after cultivation, every time
Fertilizer concentration is controlled 0.5%；
(4) 45 d after cultivation, 5 kg/667m of potassium fulvate fertilizer2, leave dual sides are sprayed on, concentration is controlled 0.3%；
(5) proportion of N and K fertilizer in whole chemical fertilizer described in is 1:3.3.
Embodiment 2: traditional fertilization method (Qujing of Yunnan Xuanwei field cigarette)
(1) the base manure layering pool is applied: after tobacco field ridging dig reservoir, by Special compound fertilizer for tobacco (N:P2O5:K2O=8:12:25) 30kg/
667m2Rear earthing 1cm is mixed well with pool soil；
(2) 7 days after transplanting tobacco seedlings, by potassium nitrate 10kg/667m2It is watered 500kg/667m2It pours and applies；
(3) 35 days after transplanting tobacco seedlings, a duck eye is made a call in ridge face at from cigarette strain 20cm, by Special compound fertilizer for tobacco (N:P2O5:K2O =
8:12:25) 25kg/667m2, 10 kg/667m of potassium sulfate2After mixing, apply hole in simultaneously blinding.
Embodiment 3: fertilizing method (Yunnan mountain of papers Qiubei mountainous region cigarette) of the invention
(1) the base manure layering pool is applied: after tobacco field ridging dig reservoir, by Special compound fertilizer for tobacco 40kg/667m2It is sufficiently mixed with bottom pool soil
Earthing 2cm after even, later by 270 kg of potassium humate/hm2With mix after earthing 1cm；
(2) 30d starts after cigarette strain transplanting, by the way of fertigation, applies 15 kg/667m of potassium nitrate2With potassium fulvate 10
kg/667m2Fertilizer；
(3) application of 30d, 35d and 40d trickle irrigation finishes after potassium nitrate and potassium humate mixing solution are transplanted after cultivation, every time
Fertilizer concentration is controlled 0.5%；
(4) 45 d after cultivation, 5 kg/667m of potassium fulvate fertilizer2, leave dual sides are sprayed on, concentration is controlled 0.3%；
(5) proportion of N and K fertilizer in whole fertilizer described in is 1:3.3.
Embodiment 4: traditional fertilization method (Yunnan mountain of papers Qiubei mountainous region cigarette)
(1) the base manure layering pool is applied: after tobacco field ridging dig reservoir, by Special compound fertilizer for tobacco (N:P2O5:K2O=8:12:25) 40kg/
667m2Rear earthing 1cm is mixed well with pool soil；
(2) 7 days after transplanting tobacco seedlings, by potassium nitrate 10kg/667m2It is watered 500kg/667m2It pours and applies；
(3) 35 days after transplanting tobacco seedlings, a duck eye is made a call in ridge face at from cigarette strain 20cm, by Special compound fertilizer for tobacco (N:P2O5:K2O =
8:12:25) 25kg/667m2, 10 kg/667m of potassium sulfate2After mixing, apply hole in simultaneously blinding.
Test example 1 --- yield of flue-cured tobacco, the output value, junior tobacco leaf potassium content and the analysis of potassium utilization rate
Yield of flue-cured tobacco, the output value, junior tobacco leaf potassium content and the analysis of potassium utilization rate in embodiment 1 ~ 4 is as shown in table 1.
Seen from table 1, compared with Example 2,1 middle part junior tobacco leaf potassium content of embodiment improves 50.0%；With embodiment
4 compare, and 3 middle part junior tobacco leaf potassium content of embodiment improves 43.8%.As it can be seen that the present invention effectively improves junior tobacco leaf potassium content,
Improve quality of tobacco and its industrial applicability.
In terms of flue-cured tobacco economic characters, compared with Example 2,1 yield of tobacco of embodiment, the output value and better-than-average cigarette ratio difference
16.7%, 7.7% and 6.1% is improved, while recruitment cost of applying fertilizer reduces 1.0 works；Compared with Example 4,3 cigarette of embodiment
Leaf-making quantity, the output value and better-than-average cigarette ratio have been respectively increased 10.2%, 14.1% and 10.4%, while recruitment cost of applying fertilizer reduces
1.0 works.As it can be seen that stage of topdressing of the present invention is all made of fertigation (water-fertilizer integral), significantly reduce during applying fertilizer
Artificial investment, improves fertilising benefit.
In terms of potassium utilization rate, compared with Example 2,1 potassium utilization rate of embodiment improves 10.6 percentage points；With reality
It applies example 4 to compare, 3 potassium utilization rate of embodiment improves 15.5 percentage points.As it can be seen that since the present invention uses fertigation (water
Fertile integration) technology application of potash fertilizer, effectively increase the utilization efficiency of nitrogenous fertilizer.
Table 1: middle leaf (C3F grade) potassium content of tobacco leaf, flue-cured tobacco economic benefit and potassium utilization rate
Embodiment 5
A kind of fertilizing method improving junior tobacco leaf potassium content, comprising the following steps:
(1) the base manure layering pool is applied: after tobacco field ridging dig reservoir, by Special compound fertilizer for tobacco 30kg/667m2It is sufficiently mixed with bottom pool soil
Earthing 2cm after even, later by 250 kg/hm of potassium humate2Earthing 1cm after being mixed with middle layer pool soil；The tobacco is dedicated multiple
Hefei N:P2O5:K2O =8:12:25；The tobacco field type is field cigarette；Content of humic acid >=50% of the potassium humate,
Carbonic acid potassium content >=8%, living bacteria count >=200,000,000/gram；
(2) trickle irrigation top dressing: 30d starts after cigarette strain transplanting, by the way of fertigation, applies potassium nitrate 10kg/667m2And Huang
5 kg/667m of rotten acid potassium2Fertilizer；The potassium nitrate and potassium fulvate is first configured to mixing solution, and will mixing solution difference
The application of 30d, 35d and 40d trickle irrigation finishes after transplanting after cultivation, and each fertilizer concentration control is 0.4%；
(3) foliar fertilizer is sprayed: 40d after transplanting, potassium fulvate fertilizer 5kg/667m2, leave dual sides are sprayed on, concentration control exists
0.2%。
Potassium (K in the potassium nitrate2O) content >=46%.The potassium fulvate, potassium fulvate content (in terms of butt)
>=50%, the content of organic matter (in terms of butt) >=50%.Proportion of N and K fertilizer in whole chemical fertilizer of the fertilizing method is 1:
3。
Embodiment 6
A kind of fertilizing method improving junior tobacco leaf potassium content, comprising the following steps:
(1) the base manure layering pool is applied: after tobacco field ridging dig reservoir, by Special compound fertilizer for tobacco 40kg/667m2It is sufficiently mixed with bottom pool soil
Earthing 3cm after even, later by 300 kg/hm of potassium humate2Earthing 2cm after being mixed with middle layer pool soil；The tobacco is dedicated multiple
Hefei N:P2O5:K2O =8:12:25；The tobacco field type is mountainous region cigarette；The content of humic acid of the potassium humate >=
50%, carbonic acid potassium content >=8%, living bacteria count >=200,000,000/gram；
(2) trickle irrigation top dressing: 30d starts after cigarette strain transplanting, by the way of fertigation, applies 20 kg/667m of potassium nitrate2With
10 kg/667m of potassium fulvate2Fertilizer；The potassium nitrate and potassium fulvate is first configured to mixing solution, and will mixing solution point
The application of 35d, 40d and 45d trickle irrigation finishes after transplanting not after cultivation, and each fertilizer concentration control is 0.6%；
(3) foliar fertilizer is sprayed: 50d after transplanting, potassium fulvate fertilizer 10kg/667m2, it is sprayed on leave dual sides, concentration control
0.4%.
Potassium (K in the potassium nitrate2O) content >=46%.The potassium fulvate, potassium fulvate content (in terms of butt)
>=50%, the content of organic matter (in terms of butt) >=50%.Proportion of N and K fertilizer in whole chemical fertilizer of the fertilizing method is 1:
3.5。
Embodiment 7
A kind of fertilizing method improving junior tobacco leaf potassium content, comprising the following steps:
(1) the base manure layering pool is applied: after tobacco field ridging dig reservoir, by Special compound fertilizer for tobacco 30kg/667m2It is sufficiently mixed with bottom pool soil
Earthing 3cm after even, later by 270 kg/hm of potassium humate2Earthing 1cm after being mixed with middle layer pool soil；The tobacco is dedicated multiple
Hefei N:P2O5:K2O =8:12:25；The tobacco field type is field cigarette；Content of humic acid >=50% of the potassium humate,
Carbonic acid potassium content >=8%, living bacteria count >=200,000,000/gram；
(2) trickle irrigation top dressing: 30d starts after cigarette strain transplanting, by the way of fertigation, applies 15 kg/667m of potassium nitrate2With
8 kg/667m of potassium fulvate2Fertilizer；The potassium nitrate and potassium fulvate is first configured to mixing solution, and will mixing solution point
The application of 32d, 37d and 42d trickle irrigation finishes after transplanting not after cultivation, and each fertilizer concentration control is 0.5%；
(3) foliar fertilizer is sprayed: 45d after transplanting, potassium fulvate fertilizer 8kg/667m2, leave dual sides are sprayed on, concentration control exists
0.3%。
Potassium (K in the potassium nitrate2O) content >=46%.The potassium fulvate, potassium fulvate content (in terms of butt)
>=50%, the content of organic matter (in terms of butt) >=50%.Proportion of N and K fertilizer in whole chemical fertilizer of the fertilizing method is 1:
3.2。
Claims (9)
1. a kind of fertilizing method for improving junior tobacco leaf potassium content, it is characterised in that the following steps are included:
(1) the base manure layering pool is applied: after tobacco field ridging dig reservoir, by 30 ~ 40kg/667m of Special compound fertilizer for tobacco2Sufficiently with bottom pool soil
2 ~ 3cm of earthing after mixing, later by 250~300 kg/hm of potassium humate21 ~ 2cm of earthing after being mixed with middle layer pool soil；
(2) trickle irrigation top dressing: 30d starts after cigarette strain transplanting, by the way of fertigation, applies 10~20 kg/667m of potassium nitrate2
With 5~10 kg/667m of potassium fulvate2Fertilizer；
(3) foliar fertilizer is sprayed: 40~50d after transplanting, 5~10kg/667m of potassium fulvate fertilizer2, leave dual sides are sprayed on, it is dense
Degree control is 0.2~0.4%.
2. the fertilizing method according to claim 1 for improving junior tobacco leaf potassium content, it is characterised in that the tobacco is special
With compound fertilizer N:P2O5:K2O =8:12:25。
3. the fertilizing method according to claim 1 for improving junior tobacco leaf potassium content, it is characterised in that the tobacco field class
Type is field cigarette, and Special compound fertilizer for tobacco dosage is 30 kg/667m2。
4. the fertilizing method according to claim 1 for improving junior tobacco leaf potassium content, it is characterised in that the tobacco field class
Type is mountainous region cigarette, and Special compound fertilizer for tobacco dosage is 40 kg/667m2。
5. the fertilizing method according to claim 1 for improving junior tobacco leaf potassium content, it is characterised in that the humic acid
Content of humic acid >=50% of potassium, carbonic acid potassium content >=8%, living bacteria count >=200,000,000/gram.
6. the fertilizing method according to claim 1 for improving junior tobacco leaf potassium content, it is characterised in that described in step (2)
Potassium nitrate and potassium fulvate be first configured to mixing solution, and will mixing solution transplanted after cultivation after 30~35d, 35~
40d and the application of 40~45d trickle irrigation finish, and each fertilizer concentration control is 0.4~0.6%.
7. the fertilizing method according to claim 1 for improving junior tobacco leaf potassium content, it is characterised in that the potassium nitrate
Middle potassium content >=46%.
8. the fertilizing method according to claim 1 for improving junior tobacco leaf potassium content, it is characterised in that the fulvic acid
Potassium, potassium fulvate content >=50%, the content of organic matter >=50%.
9. the fertilizing method according to claim 1 for improving junior tobacco leaf potassium content, it is characterised in that the fertilising side
Proportion of N and K fertilizer in whole chemical fertilizer of method is 1:3 ~ 3.5.
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| CN110100519A (en) * | 2019-03-06 | 2019-08-09 | 湖南省蔬菜研究所 | A kind of fertilizing method for improving soil property, improving capsicum vitamin C and protein content |
| CN111418468A (en) * | 2020-04-01 | 2020-07-17 | 贵州省烟草公司毕节市公司 | Method for improving oil content of flue-cured tobacco leaves |
| CN113336607A (en) * | 2021-07-07 | 2021-09-03 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Method for improving utilization rate of potassium in tobacco by using high-calcium soil and compound nutrient |
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