CN113141835B

CN113141835B - Special fertilizer for regional facility cucumbers based on QUEFTS model and application method

Info

Publication number: CN113141835B
Application number: CN202110381903.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 何萍; 徐新朋; 孙静文; 艾超; 周卫; 王玉军
Original assignee: Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning of CAAS
Current assignee: Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning of CAAS
Priority date: 2021-04-09
Filing date: 2021-04-09
Publication date: 2022-08-23
Anticipated expiration: 2041-04-09
Also published as: CN113141835A

Abstract

The invention discloses a fertilizer preparation and application method for a special fertilizer for localized greenhouse cucumbers based on a QUEFTS model, and provides a simplified, quantified and rationalized fertilizer special for the greenhouse cucumbers with the localized characteristicThe fertilizer preparation and application method is that key parameters such as yield, yield reaction, relative yield and the like of cucumbers can be obtained in a complex cucumber fertilization system to evaluate the growth environment and soil fertility condition of cucumber crops, and the special fertilizer nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) for cucumber under protected cultivation can be rapidly and accurately provided ₂ O ₅ ) And potassium (K) ₂ O) nutrient requirement proportion and a corresponding recommended fertilization method. The method is a fertilizer production and reduction technology which effectively improves the yield and fertilizer utilization rate of cucumber crops, reduces environmental pollution, improves soil fertility, is efficient and easy to implement and is widely applicable to environmental protection, and provides technical support for the factory production of special Bulk Blending (BB) fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer for cucumber with regional characteristics.

Description

Special fertilizer for regional facility cucumbers based on QUEFTS model and application method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of compound fertilizer production and balanced fertilization, in particular to a special fertilizer preparation and application method for cucumber in a regional facility based on a QUEFTS model.

Background

The facility vegetables are an emerging industry developed in the 90 s of the 20 th century, and the planting area in the whole country reaches more than 5000 and ten thousand mu. Due to rapid development, plant nutrition and fertilizer scientists have not researched mature fertilization technology and lack special fertilizers. China has a blind fertilization phenomenon on greenhouse vegetables, and the phenomenon is mainly shown as follows: first, over-fertilization. The fertilizing amount of the greenhouse vegetables is generally 3-5 times more than the required amount. The nitrogen excess of the facility cucumbers in the Shijiazhuang area is 3-6 times, and the phosphorus excess is 4-15 times; secondly, the application amount of the organic fertilizer is insufficient, and the fertilizer is excessive. Organic fertilizer of 120 + 225t/hm is applied to Shandong longevity facility vegetables every year ² 56% high concentration compound fertilizer (N-P) for all greenhouse ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ 15-15-15), greenhouse cultivation is N, P annually ₂ O ₅ And K ₂ The average input amount of O is respectively up to4088. 3656 and 3438kg/hm ² (ii) a Thirdly, the fertilizer nutrient proportion is unreasonable. Vegetables require more potassium and less phosphorus, and generally N: P ₂ O ₅ :K ₂ The O absorption ratio is 1:0.3-0.5:1.0-1.5, while the application ratio is 1:0.6-1.0: 0.4-0.7. Due to large fertilizing amount and unreasonable fertilizing, the nutrient utilization rate is low, a large amount of nitrogen is leached into underground water, and the nitrate nitrogen content (NO) of the underground water is obtained by investigating 46 points ₃ ^- ) All exceed 50mg/L, and the maximum is 500 mg/L. Cucumbers are one of the most important vegetable varieties in facility vegetables, and regional and specialized fertilizer preparation and application methods are urgently needed.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention provides a simplified, quantitative and rationalized special fertilizer for cucumber in regional facilities based on a QUEFTS model and an application method thereof. In a complex cucumber fertilization system, the optimal nutrient absorption is estimated by taking 25th, median (50th) and 75th of intrinsic nutrient efficiency as maximum nutrient accumulation boundaries and maximum nutrient dilution boundaries, the basic nutrient supply capacity of soil is estimated by yield reaction and relative yield, and the fertilizer effect is estimated by agronomic efficiency, so that the fertilizer special for cucumber and the corresponding recommended fertilization method are quickly and accurately provided. The method is a fertilizer production and reduced application technology which effectively improves the yield and fertilizer utilization rate of cucumber crops, reduces environmental pollution, improves soil fertility, is efficient and feasible, and is widely applicable to environmental protection, and provides technical support for factory production of a special Bulk Blending (BB) fertilizer for cucumbers and/or a special compound fertilizer for cucumbers with regional characteristics.

Note: the definitions or terms of the terms related to the present invention are to be construed as follows:

QUEFTS model: the relationship between the crop yield and the nutrient absorption of the overground part is analyzed on the basis of applying a large amount of test data, and the relationship accords with a linear-parabola-platform function.

Intrinsic nutrient efficiency (Internalefficiency, IE, kg/kg): defined as the yield of grain produced per 1kg of nutrient absorbed, i.e. the ratio of the economic yield to the amount of nutrient absorbed by the overground part.

Nutrient absorption per ton of grain (RIE, kg/t): defined as the nutrient absorbed by the aerial parts of the crop producing 1t fruit yield, i.e. ton grain nutrient absorption.

The yield (available yield Ya): i.e., the maximum yield achieved under field or laboratory test conditions using currently known information technology and advanced management practices while eliminating yield limiting factors (e.g., nutrients, pests, etc.).

Yield Response (YR) refers to the difference in yield between fertilization and nutrient deficiency treatments. The yield difference between the yield obtained and the yield corresponding to the subtractive treatment is represented by YRN, YRP and YRK for the N-, P-and K-applied yield responses, respectively. YR is the yield increased by fertilization and is one of the important parameters to be considered for balanced fertilization. YR can reflect not only the condition of soil basic nutrient supply but also the condition of fertilization effect.

Relative Yield (RY): defined as the ratio of fruit yield to the available yield of a reduced-yield crop. RY is an agronomic parameter calculated based on available yield and yield response.

Agronomic Efficiency (AE): refers to the yield increase of crops by applying a certain nutrient. I.e., grain yield increment of crops to which 1kg of certain nutrient was applied, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium agronomic efficiencies are represented by AEN, AEP and AEK, respectively. Agronomic efficiency reflects fertilizer effect.

And (3) supplying basic nutrients of soil: is defined as the ability of the soil to supply certain nutrients in the soil without applying them and with other nutrients being supplied sufficiently. Soil foundation N, P and K nutrient supply are indicated by INS, IPS and IKS, respectively.

The data sources of the invention are as follows:

the data used are derived from recently published literature data, as well as field test data carried out in the main cucumber producing area. The data samples collected were greenhouse cultivated cucumber.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a special fertilizer preparation method for cucumber in regional facilities based on a QUEFTS model comprises the following steps:

(1) applying a QUEFTS model to fit curves of the N, P aboveground parts and K optimum nutrient demand of facility cucumbers under different potential yields and target yields, and obtaining cucumber nutrient Intrinsic Efficiency (IE) and ton cucumber nutrient absorption (RIE) parameters through aboveground part N, P, K nutrient absorption and cucumber yield corresponding to the straight line part of the optimum nutrient absorption curve of the aboveground part, wherein the parameters are shown in the attached figure 1;

cucumber potential yield of 160t/hm by using a QUEFTS model fitting facility ² The Intrinsic Efficiency (IE) of cucumber nutrients and the nutrient absorption (RIE) of cucumber per ton obtained from the optimal nutrient demand curve for the aerial parts at different target yields are shown in Table 1-1;

TABLE 1-1

(2) According to step (1), Table 1-1, at a potential yield of 160t/hm ² Setting the maximum target yield value corresponding to the linear part of the optimal nutrient demand curve of the underground part as the available yield (Ya) of the facility cucumber, wherein the maximum target yield value is 130.0t/hm ² ；

(3) Calculating the nutrient absorption amount of the upper part of the facility cucumber under the available yield according to the nutrient absorption parameters (RIE) of the tons of cucumbers corresponding to the straight line parts obtained in the table 1-1 of the step (1) and the available yield (Ya) of the step (2), namely: nutrient absorption capacity (kg/hm) of overground part ² )＝Ya(t/hm ² )×RIE(kg/1t)；

The calculation results of the nutrient absorption amounts of the overground part N, P and the K corresponding to the yield of the cucumber with the facility are 283.5kg/hm ² 、63.74kg/hm ² And 320.12kg/hm ² ；

The calculation results of the total nutrient absorption amount of the overground part corresponding to the yield of the facility cucumber are summarized in tables 1-2;

tables 1 to 2

(4) Determining grades of soil basic nutrients N, P and K supply capacities according to relative yields (RYN, RYP and RYK) corresponding to 25th, median and 75th of relative yields of facility cucumber N, P and K nutrients, and combining step (1) of nutrient absorption RIE of the tons of cucumbers and step (2) of obtaining yield Ya to obtain INS, IPS and IKS of corresponding grades of soil basic N, P and K nutrient supply, namely: IS ═ Ya × RY × RIE;

wherein, the soil basic nutrient N, P and K supply capacity grades are divided into low, medium and high grades according to RYN, RYP and RYK corresponding to 25th, medium value and 75th of the relative yield of the facility cucumber N, P and K nutrients;

n, P and K relative yield frequency distribution diagrams of the facility cucumbers are not applied, and are shown in figure 2;

the relationship between the yield of the vegetarian cucumber processing and the obtainable yield is shown in figure 3;

the results of the classification of the levels of the RYN, RYP and RYK for 25th, median and 75th relative yields of the cucumber without N, P and K nutrients (reduced nutrient treatment) and the levels of the supply capacities of the soil basic nutrients N, P and K according to the levels of the RYN, RYP and RYK for 25th, median and 75th relative yields of the cucumber N, P and K nutrients are summarized in tables 1-3;

tables 1 to 3

INS, IPS and IKS of soil basic nutrients corresponding to 25th, median and 75th relative yields of the facility cucumber N, P and the K nutrient are obtained according to RY corresponding to 25th, median and 75th relative yields of the facility cucumber N, P and the K nutrient and RIE in the step (1) and Ya in the step (2), namely: IS ═ Ya × RY × RIE;

wherein: INS (kg/hm) ² )＝Ya×RYN×(RIE-N)，IPS(kg/hm ² )＝Ya×RYP×(RIE-P)， IKS(kg/hm ² )＝Ya×RYK×(RIE-K)；

The INS, IPS and IKS calculation results of soil basic nutrients of grades corresponding to 25th, median and 75th relative yields of the facility cucumber N, P and K nutrients are summarized in tables 1-4;

1-4

(5) determining N, P and K nutrient supply amount which should be provided by the fertilizer in the whole growth period of the facility cucumbers by adopting a nutrient balance method according to the above-ground N, P and K nutrient absorption amount corresponding to the obtained yield obtained in the step (3) and the step (4) and INS, IPS and IKS data of basic nutrient supply of soil;

the fertilizer N, P and K nutrient supply (kg/hm) of the protected cucumber in the whole growth period ² ) Equal to the total amount of the absorbed nutrients of the overground part N, P of the facility cucumber and K minus the supply amount of the basic nutrients N, P and K of the soil,

namely: supply of N to N _{Overground part} INS for supplying P to P _{Overground part} IPS, fertilizer K for K ═ K _{Above ground} ─IKS；

The calculation results of the nutrient supply amounts of the fertilizer N, P and K in the whole growth period of the cucumber are summarized in tables 1-5;

tables 1 to 5

(6) Converting the nutrient ratio of N to P to K and N to P to N to K to provide the fertilizer to the cucumber in the whole growth period of the protected cucumber;

the nutrient ratio of N/N to P/N to K/N of the fertilizer in the whole growth period of the cucumber is converted by taking N as a standard;

the nutrient proportion of N to P to K provided by the fertilizer in the whole growth period of the cucumber and the proportion result of N/N to P/N to K/N converted by taking N nutrient as a standard are summarized in tables 1-6;

tables 1 to 6

(7) According to the nutrient proportion of N to P to K or N/N to P/N to K/N which is provided by the fertilizer in the whole growth period of the cucumber by the steps (6) obtained in the tables 1-6, the nutrient proportion of N to P to K and N/N to P/N to K/N provided by the fertilizer in the whole growth period of the cucumber by the facility is adjusted according to the season utilization rate of the fertilizer and the fertilizing measures;

further, the specific adjusting step in step (7) is as follows:

(7.1) adjustment according to the season utilization

The season utilization of the fertilizer N, P and K nutrients: n30-35%, P10-25%, K30-45%; in the invention, the mutual synergistic effect of nutrients is considered, and the supply amounts of the fertilizer basis N, P and the K nutrients are respectively adjusted according to the season utilization rate of 35%, 25% and 45%; the adjusted N is P, K and N are 35 percent, P, 25 percent, K and 45 percent, N, P, N, K and N are 35 percent, N is 35 percent, P is 35 percent, N is 25 percent, K is 35 percent, K is 45 percent, N is 1, P is 35 percent, N is 25 percent, K is 35 percent, K is 45 percent, N is 35 percent, N is 45 percent;

the results of the nutrient ratio of N/N to P/N to K/N of the fertilizer basis N, P and the K nutrient supply amount adjusted according to the season utilization rate in the whole growth period of the cucumber are summarized in tables 1-7;

tables 1 to 7

(7.2) adjustment according to fertilization measures

The adjustment according to the fertilization measure means that in the key growth period of the protected cucumber crop, the fertilizer is applied in several times by adopting a proper fertilizer basis N, P and K nutrient distribution proportion; the key growth period of the facility cucumbers is divided into a transplanting period, an early full-cucumber period and a later full-cucumber period;

the fertilizer obtained after the fertilizer is adjusted according to the fertilizer application measure on the basis of the step (7.1) is collectively called as the fertilizer special for facility cucumbers;

the facility cucumber special fertilizer is composed of a base application special fertilizer, a cucumber containing initial fertilizer and a cucumber containing later fertilizer, and is applied before transplanting and field planting, at the early stage of the cucumber containing period and at the later stage of the cucumber containing period respectively;

the supply amount of the special fertilizer for basal application of the cucumber in the facility, the initial fertilizer for the cucumber in the facility and the later fertilizer for the cucumber in the facility is N, P, and the supply amount of K nutrients are distributed according to the total amount of basic N, P and K nutrients provided by the special fertilizer for cucumber in the growth period of the cucumber in the facility. The allocation principle is as follows:

the fertilizer P special for the facility cucumbers is completely provided by a base fertilizer special fertilizer, and accounts for 100 percent of the total P;

the facility cucumber special fertilizer N, K is provided by a base fertilizer special fertilizer, a full cucumber initial-stage special fertilizer and a full cucumber later-stage special fertilizer respectively, and the specific proportion is as follows:

the fertilizer N specially for basal application accounts for 20 percent of the total N, the fertilizer N specially used for the early stage of the full-period melon accounts for 50 percent of the total N, and the fertilizer N specially used for the later stage of the full-period melon accounts for 30 percent of the total N

The fertilizer K specially used for basal application accounts for 30 percent of the total K, the fertilizer K at the early stage of the full-period melon accounts for 40 percent of the total K, and the fertilizer K at the later stage of the full-period melon accounts for 30 percent of the total K

The results of the nutrient ratio of the facility cucumber special fertilizer base N, P to the K nutrient supply amount distributed and adjusted according to the fertilizer application measures to the base fertilizer special fertilizer, the early-stage cucumber containing fertilizer and the late-stage cucumber containing fertilizer are summarized in tables 1-8, tables 1-9 and tables 1-10. Wherein:

tables 1-8 show the results of the N: P: K and N/N: P/N: K/N nutrient ratios of the fertilizer foundations N, P special for basal application of cucumber plants and the K nutrients after the fertilizer foundations N, P and the K nutrients are distributed and adjusted according to the fertilizing measures.

Tables 1 to 8

Tables 1-9 show the results of the N: P: K and N/N: P/N: K/N nutrient ratio after the special fertilizer basis N, P and K nutrients for the early stage of facility cucumber melon filling are distributed and adjusted according to the fertilization measures.

Tables 1 to 9

The table 1-10 shows the result of the N: P: K and N/N: P/N: K/N nutrient ratio after the special fertilizer basis N, P and K nutrients are distributed and adjusted according to the fertilization measures for the later period of facility cucumber melon holding.

Tables 1 to 10

(8) According to the steps (7) (7.2) shown in tables 1-8, 1-9 and 1-10, respectively preparing a special blending (BB) fertilizer and/or a compound fertilizer for cucumber under protected cultivation according to the nutrient ratio of N/N to P/N to K/N of the special fertilizer for cucumber under protected cultivation obtained by distribution and adjustment according to fertilization measures;

the blended (BB) fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer special for the greenhouse cucumbers are special fertilizers for basal application, special fertilizers for the early stage of the melon filling and special fertilizers for the later stage of the melon filling of the greenhouse cucumbers;

further, the specific preparation steps of the step (8) are as follows:

(8.1) according to (7.2) tables 1-8, tables 1-9 and tables 1-10, the N/N: P/N: K/N nutrient ratio after the fertilizer application measures are adjusted is converted into the N: P of the fertilizer special for facility cucumbers ₂ O ₅ :K ₂ Proportioning nutrients O;

the special blending (BB) fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer for cucumber with the facility are converted into N: P ₂ O ₅ :K ₂ The results of the O nutrient ratios are summarized in tables 1-11, tables 1-12 and tables 1-13.

Tables 1 to 11

Tables 1 to 12

Tables 1 to 13

(8.2) according to (8.1) tables 1-11, tables 1-12 and tables 1-13, facility cucumber basal application special fertilizer, early-stage special fertilizer for full-melon and late-stage special fertilizer N: P ₂ O ₅ :K ₂ The proportion of the O nutrient is determined according to the GB15063-2001 compound fertilizer (compound fertilizer) standard, and the total nutrient content (%) and the corresponding N-P of the Bulk Blend (BB) fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer special for cucumbers in corresponding facilities are respectively determined ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ Carrying out fertilizer preparation production after the grade of O;

the invention also provides a special fertilizer application method for the regional facility cucumbers based on the QUEFTS model in the technical scheme, which is a recommended fertilizer application method based on yield response and agricultural efficiency, and comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: determining soil foundation N, P and K nutrient supply grade according to the annual average yield of tomato crops in a facility cucumber planting area;

the soil basic nutrient supply grades are divided according to the grades of low-fertility soil, medium-fertility soil and high-fertility soil; wherein, the low-fertility soil is a field with the average crop yield less than 25% of the national field in the last 5 years of the field, the high-fertility soil is a field with the average crop yield more than 75% of the national field in the last 5 years of the field, and the medium-fertility soil is a field with the average crop yield between 25% and 75% of the national field in the last 5 years of the field;

the soil foundation N, P and K nutrient supply grades of the cucumber planting area of the facility and the corresponding evaluation method are summarized in Table 2-1.

TABLE 2-1

Step two: determining the N: P ratio of the fertilizer special for facility cucumbers in the corresponding planting area according to the soil foundation N, P and the K nutrient supply grade of the corresponding planting area of the facility cucumber crop in the step one ₂ O ₅ :K ₂ Nutrient of OProportioning and fertilizing;

the fertilizer N: P special for the facility cucumber ₂ O ₅ :K ₂ The proportion of the O nutrient is that the fertilizer N: P for the special fertilizer for the facility cucumbers in the table 1-11, the table 1-12 and the table 1-13 in (8.1) the method for preparing the fertilizer for the special fertilizer for the regionalized facility cucumbers based on the QUEFTS model ₂ O ₅ :K ₂ The fertilizer special for the greenhouse cucumbers is prepared according to the O nutrient proportioning requirement and the fertilizer preparation method (8.2) in the 'QUEFTS model-based regional fertilizer preparation method for the greenhouse cucumbers';

the fertilizer application mode of the special fertilizer for facility cucumbers is divided into basic fertilizer application, early-stage fertilizer for containing cucumbers and later-stage fertilizer for containing cucumbers according to the key growth period of the facility cucumbers; respectively applying the fertilizer before transplanting and planting, at the initial stage of the full melon stage and at the later stage of the full melon stage;

step three: determining the obtainable yield (Ya) on the basis of the annual average yield level of the cucumber plants in the facility cucumber planting area’)；

Said obtainable yield (Ya)’) The average yield of the facility cucumbers in the past 5-10 years is 1.10 times that in the past, and the average yield of the facility cucumbers in the past 5 years is preferred.

Step four: the obtainable yield (Ya) according to step three’) Determining a nitrogen application yield response of the facility cucumber crop in the corresponding planting area (YRN);

the nitrogen application yield response YRN of the facility cucumber crop is calculated by equation 1:

YRN(t/hm ² )＝Ya’x k formula 1

Wherein k is a nitrogen-applying yield reaction coefficient;

the nitrogen application yield reaction coefficient (k) of the facility cucumber crop of the corresponding planting area is calculated according to the nitrogen Relative Yield (RYN) of the facility cucumber crop corresponding to the soil basic nutrient supply grade of the corresponding planting area by formula 2:

k 1-RYN formula 2

Wherein RYN is nitrogen relative yield, which is the ratio of the yield of cucumber without nitrogen treatment to the available yield; the nitrogen Relative Yield (RYN) of the facility cucumber is given in the table 1-4 of the aforementioned "a localized facility cucumber fertilizer formulation method based on QUEFTS model" (4);

the calculation results of the nitrogen application yield reaction coefficient (k) of the facility cucumber crop corresponding to the soil basic nutrient supply grade of the corresponding planting area are summarized in table 2-2.

Tables 2 to 2

Step five: determining the nitrogen Agronomic Efficiency (AEN) of the facility cucumber crops in the corresponding planting areas according to the nitrogen application Yield Reaction (YRN) of the facility cucumber crops in the corresponding planting areas obtained in the fourth step;

a significant quadratic curve relationship exists between the nitrogen application yield reaction and the nitrogen agronomic efficiency; FIG. 3 shows the relationship between nitrogen application yield response and nitrogen agronomic efficiency of protected cucumbers; fitting a binomial relation curve between the nitrogen agronomic efficiency and the nitrogen application yield reaction of the facility cucumber crop to obtain a one-dimensional quadratic relation between the nitrogen agronomic efficiency and the nitrogen application yield reaction of the facility cucumber crop, namely the nitrogen Agronomic Efficiency (AEN) of the facility cucumber crop is calculated by a formula 3:

AEN(kg/kg)＝a×(YRN) ² + b × (YRN) + c formula 3

Wherein a is a quadratic term coefficient, b is a primary term coefficient, and c is a constant term;

numerical values of binomial coefficients a, b and c in the binomial formula between the nitrogen agronomic efficiency and the nitrogen application yield reaction are obtained by fitting a binomial curve of the conventional test data of the cucumber under the greenhouse;

the binomial coefficients (a, b, c) of the cucumber: a is-0.0757, b is 3.2975, and c is-0.5082.

Step six: determining the total nitrogen application amount N of the facility cucumber plants in the corresponding planting areas in the whole growth period according to the nitrogen application Yield Reaction (YRN) of the facility cucumber plants in the corresponding planting areas in the step four and the nitrogen Agronomic Efficiency (AEN) of the facility cucumber plants in the corresponding planting areas in the step five _{General assembly} ；

The total nitrogen application amount of the facility cucumber crops in the corresponding planting areas is calculated by a formula 4:

N _{general assembly} (kg/hm ² )＝YRN(t/hm ² ) X 1000/AEN (kg/kg) formula 4

Wherein N is _{General assembly} YRN is nitrogen application yield reaction, AEN is nitrogen agronomic efficiency;

step seven: according to the 'special fertilizer preparation method for regional facility cucumber based on QUEFTS model' (7.2) and the total nitrogen application amount N in the whole growth period of the facility cucumber plant in the corresponding planting region obtained in the sixth step _{General assembly} Determining the two corresponding planting areas in the step that N provided by the special fertilizer for the cucumber crop in the facility accounts for the total nitrogen application amount N _{General (1)} Percent m (%);

the total nitrogen application amount in the whole growth period of the facility cucumber crop is the facility cucumber basal application special fertilizer N + the facility cucumber full-melon initial stage special fertilizer N + the facility cucumber full-melon later stage special fertilizer N;

the total nitrogen application amount of the facility cucumber in the whole growth period is provided by a base application special fertilizer N, a cucumber containing initial special fertilizer N and a cucumber containing later special fertilizer N, the distribution ratio of the facility cucumber base application special fertilizer N, the facility cucumber containing initial special fertilizer N and the facility cucumber containing later special fertilizer N is 2:5:3, wherein: the special fertilizer N for basal application of cucumber in facility accounts for the total amount of nitrogen (N) applied _{General (1)} The percentage m (%) is 20%, and the special fertilizer N for the early cucumber holding period accounts for the total amount of N applied nitrogen _{General assembly} The percentage m (%) is 50%, and the special fertilizer N for the later period of facility cucumber and melon filling accounts for the total amount of nitrogen (N) applied _{General (1)} The percentage m (%) of (a) is 30%;

step eight: according to the 'special fertilizer preparation method for regional greenhouse cucumbers based on QUEFTS model' (8.2), the special blended (BB) fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer N-P for greenhouse cucumbers ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ The concentration w (%) of the N nutrient in the O grade and the total nitrogen application amount N in the whole growth period of the facility cucumber crops in the planting area corresponding to the step six _{General assembly} (kg/hm ² ) And the fertilizer N special for the facility cucumbers in the corresponding planting areas of the step seven accounts for the total nitrogen application amount N _{General (1)} Determining the recommended application amount of the facility cucumber special fertilizer in the corresponding planting area;

the recommended application amount of the special blending (BB) fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer for the cucumber under protected cultivation is calculated by a formula 5:

recommended application amount (kg/hm) of special fertilizer for facility cucumbers ² )＝N _{General assembly} (kg/hm ² ) Xm (%)/w (%) formula 5

Wherein m (%) is the percentage of the fertilizer N special for the greenhouse cucumbers to the total nitrogen application amount, and w (%) is the percentage of the blended (BB) fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer N-P special for the greenhouse cucumbers ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ N nutrient concentration (%) in O grade;

further, the recommended application amount of the special fertilizer for basal application of cucumber in protected area is N _{General assembly} (kg/hm ² )×20％/w(％)；

Further, the recommended application amount of the special fertilizer for the greenhouse cucumber in the early melon-holding stage is N _{General assembly} (kg/hm ² )×50％/w(％)；

Furthermore, the recommended application amount of the special fertilizer for the later period of cucumber holding of facility cucumber is N _{General (1)} (kg/hm ² )×30％/w(％)；

Through above-mentioned technical scheme, compare with prior art, have following advantage and beneficial effect:

1) the QUEFTS model is applicable to different cucumber varieties. The yield and nutrient absorption of current high-yield cucumber varieties are greatly different, the QUEFTS model can be used for testing the yield and nutrient internal efficiency of different varieties under the same processing condition, the lower yield and nutrient internal efficiency of some varieties means that more fertilizer input is needed to reach the target yield, and the analysis not only is beneficial to screening high-yield and high-efficiency varieties, but also provides an application basis for balanced fertilization of cucumbers and specialization of fertilizer production.

2) The QUEFTS model simulates an optimal nutrient absorption curve, and can provide suggestions for decision makers through verification of the QUEFTS model, customize regional special fertilizer basic nutrient proportion, and improve nutrient management measures such as fertilizing amount, fertilizing time, fertilizing proportion and the like so as to achieve the purposes of high yield and high efficiency.

3) The use of the QUEFTS model for estimating cucumber nutrient uptake has the advantage of using a large amount of field test data to estimate optimal nutrient uptake, and is not prone to bias of individual or few test points to the estimation result, thus having general significance. Most importantly, the model considers the interaction between N, P and K macronutrient elements.

4) The special fertilizer for the regional facility cucumbers based on the QUEFTS model and the application method have the advantages that the crop rotation system, straw returning, nutrient residual effect of crops in the previous season, organic fertilizer application, atmospheric sedimentation, irrigation water and other source nutrients except soil are considered. And (4) for cucumber fertilizer preparation, calculating according to the nutrient amount required by the crop yield reaction and the nutrient amount required by the supplement of the overground part removal amount of the crop. And (4) recommending cucumber fertilization, obtaining the fertilizer according to the correlation between the agronomic efficiency and the yield response of the crops, and properly adjusting the fertilizer according to the specific information of the land and the classification of the basic nutrient supply capacity of the soil.

5) The special fertilizer preparation and application method for the regional facility cucumbers based on the QUEFTS model conforms to the 4R principle, namely, a proper fertilizer type is selected, and a proper amount is used to be applied to a proper position at a proper time so as to meet the nutrient requirement of crops and achieve supply and demand synchronization.

6) A special fertilizer preparation and application method for cucumber in regional facilities based on a QUEFTS model is characterized in that a database containing crop yield response, agronomic efficiency and nutrient absorption and utilization information is established on the basis of summarizing fertilizer field experiments conducted nationwide in the last decade, and a special fertilizer preparation and application method for cucumber crops based on the yield response and the agronomic efficiency is established according to the internal relation of soil basic nutrient supply, the crop yield response and the agronomic efficiency and the optimal nutrient absorption and utilization characteristic parameters of crops with general guiding significance.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a curve of optimal nutrient demand of overground parts of facility cucumbers under different yield potentials fitted by a QUEFTS model, and YA, YD and YU are respectively a maximum accumulation boundary, a maximum dilution boundary and an optimal nutrient absorption curve of the overground parts;

FIG. 2 is a frequency distribution diagram of relative yields of a cucumber without N, P and K;

FIG. 3 is a graph of nitrogen application yield response versus nitrogen agronomic efficiency for cucumber plants, wherein: y is AEN, x is YRN, R ² Is the correlation coefficient.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

Special Bulk Blending (BB) fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer for greenhouse cucumbers and application method thereof

In this embodiment, Diwu zone Dakotunzhen Shixinzhuang in Tianjin in 2013-2015, and the protected cucumber cultivation crop is a protected cultivation and production mode of spring crop-autumn postnatal.

The average yield of the facility cucumbers in the field of the test site in the last 5 years is greater than the yield level of 75% of planting areas in the country, so the soil fertility grade of the test field is high fertility soil.

The facility cucumber is applied with the special fertilizer for 5 times, namely the special fertilizer for the facility cucumber is applied for 1 time before transplantation and permanent planting; the fertilizer special for the early stage of the full-blown cucumber of the protected cucumber is applied for 4 times at the interval of 10-15 days at the early stage of the full-blown cucumber; the special fertilizer for the later period of full-period cucumber of protected cucumbers is applied for 3 times, wherein the interval between every two times is 10-15 days, and the fertilizer is applied in the later period of the full-period cucumber. From tables 1 to 11, tables 1 to 12 and tables 1 to 13, for high-fertility soil, the special fertilizer for basal application of cucumber in protected area is N: P ₂ O ₅ :K ₂ Mixing fertilizer with O1.00: 1.15:3.01, and special fertilizer for cucumber in early stage ₂ Adding fertilizer according to the ratio of N to K in the later period of cucumber holding by facility cucumber ₂ And (4) preparing the fertilizer when O is 1.00: 2.00. In three periods, distributing a special fertilizer N for basal application of the facility cucumber, a special fertilizer N for the early stage of the facility cucumber containing the cucumber and a special fertilizer N for the later stage of the facility cucumber containing the cucumber according to 20%, 50% and 30% of the total N of the special fertilizers for the facility cucumber;

the average yield level of the greenhouse cucumbers at the test site in the past 5 years is 120t/hm ² The obtainable yield is 1.10 times of the average cucumber yield level of the conventional 5-year old fertilization measures of farmers, namely the obtainable yield Ya of the facility cucumbers’＝120t/hm ² ×1.10＝132t/hm ² 。

Site facility cucumber crop nitrogen application Yield Response (YRN) is given by the formula: YRN (t/hm) ₂ )＝Ya’ (t/hm ² ) X k, where the nitrogen yield response coefficient (k) is calculated from the formula: k is calculated from 1 to RYN; the nitrogen relative yield RYN of the facility cucumber crop corresponding to the high fertility soil basal nutrient supply grade is given by table 2-2, i.e. k 1-RYN 1-0.95-0.05; nitrogen application yield reaction YRN (t/hm) for facility cucumber crops ² )＝Ya’(t/hm ² ) ×k＝132t/hm ² ×0.05＝6.6t/hm ² 。

Nitrogen Agronomic Efficiency (AEN) of the cucumber plant at the test site was determined by the formula: AEN (kg/kg) ═ a × (YRN) ² + b × (YRN) + c. Wherein, the binomial coefficients (a, b, c) of the cucumber: a is-0.0757, b is 3.2975, and c is-0.5082. Namely: cucumber with facility AEN (kg/kg) ═ a × (YRN) ² +b×(YRN) +c＝-0.0757×6.6 ² +3.2975×6.6+(-0.5082)＝17.96(kg/kg)；

1. Special Bulk Blending (BB) fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer preparation method for protected cucumbers

The total nutrient content (%) of the special fertilizer for facility cucumbers is prepared and produced according to 45%.

According to the N-P in the GB15063-2001 compound fertilizer (compound fertilizer) standard ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ The requirement of O grade is that the special fertilizer N: P is applied according to the base of the cucumber ₂ O ₅ :K ₂ 8.73-9.99-26.28 percent of O, P is P as the special top dressing for the early stage of facility cucumber ₂ O ₅ :K ₂ 17.25-0.00-27.75 percent of O, and P is the special fertilizer for the protected cucumber after the full-bearing period ₂ O ₅ :K ₂ 14.98-0.00-30.02 of O, according to the matching formula N-P ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ O (total nitrogen-effective phosphorus pentoxide-potassium oxide) sequence, and the formula of the special fertilizer for basal application of cucumber in protected field is N-P ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ O8.73-9.99-26.28, and N-P as the formula of the special top dressing for the early stage of facility cucumber ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ 17.25-0.00-27.75 percent of O, and the formula of the special fertilizer after the facility cucumber melon-holding period is N-P ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ O is 14.98-0.00-30.02. The raw materials and the dosage of the fertilizer special for the cucumber in each ton of facilities are summarized in the table 1.

TABLE 1

1.1 facility cucumber basal application special Bulk Blending (BB) fertilizer and/or special compound fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer (calculated according to dry fertilizer per ton)

(1) Special Bulk Blending (BB) fertilizer for basal application of cucumber in protected facilities

136.60kg of granular urea, 222.03kg of monoammonium phosphate, 262.83kg of potassium sulfate, 219.02kg of potassium chloride and 159.52kg of filler are weighed and fully and uniformly mixed in an asymmetric double-helix mixer, and the mixture is conveyed into a metering package by a belt conveyor to obtain the special bulk blended fertilizer (BB fertilizer) for basal application of cucumbers in facilities.

(2) Special compound fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer for basal application of protected cucumbers

136.60kg of urea, 222.03kg of monoammonium phosphate, 262.83kg of potassium sulfate, 219.02kg of potassium chloride and 159.52kg of filler are weighed and fully and uniformly mixed in an asymmetric double-helix mixer, the mixture is sent into a granulator (a disc granulator or a drum granulator can be used) for granulation by a belt conveyor, and then the granulation is dried, cooled, screened, measured and packaged to obtain the special compound fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer for basal application of cucumber plants.

1.2 facility cucumber mix (BB) fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer (calculated on per ton dry basis fertilizer) specially used in early stage of cucumber holding

(1) Special Bulk Blending (BB) fertilizer for early stage of facility cucumber melon filling

375.10kg of granular urea, 277.45kg of potassium sulfate, 231.21kg of potassium chloride and 116.23kg of filler are weighed, fully and uniformly mixed in an asymmetric double-helix mixer, and are fed into a metering package by a belt conveyor to obtain the special bulk blended fertilizer (BB fertilizer) for the early cucumber-containing period of the facility cucumber.

(2) Special compound fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer for early melon filling stage of protected cucumber

375.10kg of urea, 277.45kg of potassium sulfate, 231.21kg of potassium chloride and 116.23kg of filler are weighed and mixed evenly in an asymmetric double-helix mixer, the mixture is sent into a granulator (a disc granulator or a drum granulator can be both) by a belt conveyor for granulation, and the special compound fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer for the early stage of cucumber holding in the facility is obtained after drying, cooling, screening, metering and packaging.

1.3 facility cucumber mix (BB) fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer (calculated on per ton dry basis fertilizer) special for late stage of full-blown cucumber

(1) Special Bulk Blending (BB) fertilizer for later stage of facility cucumber melon filling

325.65kg of granular urea, 300.20kg of potassium sulfate, 250.17kg of potassium chloride and 123.98kg of filler are weighed, fully and uniformly mixed in an asymmetric double-helix mixer, and are conveyed into a metering package by a belt conveyor to obtain the special bulk blended fertilizer (BB fertilizer) for the later stage of cucumber holding in the facility.

(2) Special compound fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer for later melon-bearing period of protected cucumber

310.12kg of urea, 113.79kg of monoammonium phosphate, 243.62kg of potassium sulfate, 203.02kg of potassium chloride and 129.45 are weighed and fully and uniformly mixed in an asymmetric double-helix mixer, the materials are conveyed into a granulator (a disc granulator or a drum granulator can be used) by a belt conveyor for granulation, and the granules are dried, cooled, screened, measured and packaged to obtain the special compound fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer for the later period of cucumber holding.

2. Recommended application rate of special blending (BB) fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer for greenhouse cucumbers

The application amount of the special fertilizer for the facility cucumber is converted by taking the total nitrogen application amount of the facility cucumber in the whole growth period as a standard, and the method comprises the following specific steps:

2.1 Total Nitrogen application amount of cucumber in the Whole growth stage

The total nitrogen application amount of the facility cucumber in the whole growth period is determined according to the nitrogen application Yield Reaction (YRN) of the facility cucumber crop in the corresponding planting area and the nitrogen Agronomic Efficiency (AEN) of the facility cucumber crop in the corresponding planting area. From the formula N _{General assembly} (kg/hm ² )＝YRN(t/hm ² ) X 1000/AEN (kg/kg). Nitrogen application yield reaction of facility cucumber YRN-6.6 t/hm ² Nitrogen agronomic efficiency AEN ═ 17.96 (kg/kg). Namely:

cucumber with facility N _{General (1)} (kg/hm ² )＝6.6(t/hm ² )×1000/17.96(kg/kg)＝367.48kg/hm ²

2.2 recommended application rates for Bulk Blending (BB) fertilizers and/or compound fertilizers for cucumber under protected facilities

The special fertilizer N for basal application of the cucumber under the protected cultivation, the special fertilizer N for the early stage of the full-period cucumber and the special fertilizer N for the later stage of the full-period cucumber are respectively distributed according to 20%, 50% and 30% of the total amount of the applied N. The special fertilizer N for basal fertilization of the cucumber in the facility accounts for 20 percent of the total nitrogen application amount, the special fertilizer N for the early full-stage cucumber in the facility accounts for 50 percent of the total nitrogen application amount, and the special fertilizer N for the later full-stage cucumber in the facility accounts for 30 percent of the total nitrogen application amount. The special fertilizer for basal application of cucumber in greenhouse has a quality grade (formula) of N-P ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ O8.73-9.99-26.28, w (%) 8.73%; the special fertilizer for the early stage of facility cucumber holding the cucumber has a quality grade (formula) of N-P ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ O17.25-0.00-27.75, w (%) 17.25%; the special fertilizer grade (formula) for the later period of the facility cucumber containing the cucumber is N-P ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ O ═ 14.98-0.00-30.02, and w (%) -14.98%. Namely:

special blending (BB) fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer recommended application amount (kg/hm) for basal application of cucumber in protected area ² ) ＝N _{General assembly} (kg/hm ² )×m(％)/w(％)＝367.48kg/hm ² ×20％/8.73％＝841.88kg/hm ² ；

Recommended application amount (kg/hm) of special Bulk Blending (BB) fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer for early melon bearing stage of greenhouse cucumbers ² )＝N _{General (1)} (kg/hm ² )×m(％)/w(％)＝367.48kg/hm ² ×50％/17.25％＝1065.16kg/hm ² ；

Recommended application amount (kg/hm) of special blended (BB) fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer for later-stage cucumber holding period of protected cucumber ² )＝N _{General assembly} (kg/hm ² )×m(％)/w(％)＝367.48kg/hm ² ×30％/30.02％＝367.24kg/hm ² ；

3) Effects of the embodiments

In this example, two control treatments were set for field trials to compare with the method of the present invention, specifically as follows: CK (no nitrogenous fertilizer treatment) and FP (high nitrogenous fertilizer treatment). Wherein the nitrogen fertilizer consumption for the FP treatment of the facility cucumber is 510.0kgN/hm ² Phosphorus (P) ₂ O ₅ ) Potassium (K) ₂ O) the fertilizer application amount is the same as that of the fertilizer special for cucumber.

The results of the total yield and the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer of the cucumber spring stubble-autumn postponed cultivation stubble of each treatment facility are summarized in table 2.

TABLE 2

As can be seen from Table 2, the total yield of cucumbers using the special fertilizer for cucumbers is increased by 13.47% compared with a treatment without applying nitrogen fertilizer. Compared with high nitrogen fertilizer treatment, under the condition of reducing the nitrogen fertilizer dosage by 27.95 percent, the total cucumber yield and the high nitrogen fertilizer treatment yield are basically equal by applying the method, and no obvious difference exists.

Compared with the high nitrogen fertilizer treatment, the special fertilizer for cucumber has the advantages that the difference of the total nitrogen accumulation amount of the overground part of the cucumber is not obvious, but the application of the special fertilizer for cucumber makes the agronomic utilization rate and the apparent utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer of the cucumber obviously higher than the high nitrogen fertilizer treatment. Compared with the high nitrogen fertilizer treatment, the application of the fertilizer special for cucumber of the invention can respectively improve the agronomic utilization rate and the apparent utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer of cucumber by 17.26kg/kg and 3.76 percentage points.

The results show that the fertilizer special for the cucumbers can keep high yield of the cucumbers under the premise of obviously reducing the use amount of nitrogen, and obviously improve the agronomic utilization rate and the apparent utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer for the cucumbers.

The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A special fertilizer preparation method for cucumber in regional facilities based on a QUEFTS model is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) applying a QUEFTS model to fit N, P and K optimal nutrient demand curves of overground parts of facility cucumbers under different potential yields and target yields, and obtaining cucumber nutrient intrinsic efficiency IE and a ton cucumber nutrient absorption RIE parameter through the overground part N, P, K nutrient absorption and cucumber yield corresponding to the straight line part of the overground part optimal nutrient absorption curve;

(2) setting the maximum target yield value corresponding to the straight line part of the curve of the optimal nutrient demand of the overground part under the potential yield of the step (1) as the available yield Ya of the facility cucumber;

(3) obtaining the nutrient absorption amount of the upper part of the cucumber under the yield Ya which can be obtained according to the yield Ya which can be obtained in the step (2) and the RIE parameter corresponding to the nutrient absorption of the cucumber per ton in the linear part in the step (1),

namely: nutrient absorption capacity of overground part (kg/hm) ² )＝Ya(t/hm ² )×RIE(kg/1t)；

(4) Determining grades of soil base nutrients N, P and K supply capacities according to RYN, RYP and RYK corresponding to 25th, median and 75th relative yields of facility cucumber N, P and K nutrients, dividing the grades into low, medium and high, and combining step (1) nutrient absorption RIE of the tons of cucumbers and step (2) nutrient acquisition RIE of the yield Ya to obtain INS, IPS and IKS corresponding to grades of soil base N, P and K nutrient supply, namely: INS ═ Ya × RYN × RIE, IPS ═ Ya × RYP × RIE, IKS ═ Ya × RYK × RIE;

(5) determining N, P and K nutrient supply amounts to be provided by the fertilizer in the whole growth period of the facility cucumber by adopting a nutrient balance method according to the data obtained in the step (3) and the step (4);

the fertilizer should provide N, P and K nutrients in the whole growth period of the facility cucumber, which is equal to the total amount of N, P and K nutrient absorption of the overground part of the facility cucumber minus the amount of N, P and K nutrient supply of the soil foundation,

namely: supply of N to N _{Above ground} INS for supplying P to P _{Above ground} IPS, fertilizer K for K ═ K _{Above ground} ─IKS；

(6) Converting the supply amount of N, P and K nutrients which are required to be provided by the fertilizer in the whole growth period of the cucumber by the facility according to the supply amount of N, P and K nutrients which are required to be provided by the fertilizer in the whole growth period of the cucumber by the facility obtained in the step (5) into the ratio of N: P: K and N/N: P/N: K/N between N, P and K nutrients which are required to be provided by the fertilizer in the whole growth period of the cucumber by the facility;

(7) according to the nutrient proportion of N: P: K and N/N: P/N: K/N provided by the fertilizer in the whole growth period of the cucumber with facility obtained in the step (6), the nutrient proportion of N: P: K and N/N: P/N: K/N provided by the fertilizer required in each stage in the whole growth period of the cucumber with facility is adjusted according to the current utilization rate of the fertilizer and fertilization measures, and the specific adjustment steps are as follows:

(7.1) adjustment according to the season utilization

Fertilizer basis N, P and K nutrient supply are respectively based on the utilization rate in the season: n30% -35%, P10% -25%, K30% -45% are adjusted;

(7.2) adjustment according to fertilization measures

The facility cucumber growth full growth period is divided into a transplanting period, a full-melon period initial stage and a full-melon period later stage, and the special fertilizer, the full-melon period initial stage fertilizer and the full-melon period later stage fertilizer are applied correspondingly to the base, and the specific fertilization distribution principle is as follows:

the special fertilizer P for the facility cucumbers is completely provided by a special basal fertilizer, and accounts for 100 percent of the total P;

the facility cucumber special fertilizer N, K is respectively provided by a base fertilizer special fertilizer, a full-melon initial-stage special fertilizer and a full-melon later-stage special fertilizer, and the specific proportion is as follows:

N：20％-50％-30％，K：30％-40％-30％；

(8) respectively preparing the special bulk blending fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer for cucumber in the production facility according to the nutrient proportion of N to P to K and N/N to P/N to K/N provided by the fertilizer required in each stage in the whole growth period obtained in the step (7), and specifically comprises the following steps:

(8.1) converting the nutrient ratio of N/N to P/N to K/N obtained in the step (7) and adjusted according to the fertilizing measures into the fertilizer N to P special for the facility cucumbers ₂ O ₅ :K ₂ Proportioning nutrients O;

(8.2) according to the special fertilizer N: P for facility cucumbers in (8.1) ₂ O ₅ :K ₂ The proportion of the O nutrient is determined according to the GB15063-2001 standard, and the total nutrient content (%) and the corresponding N-P of the special blended fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer for the cucumber under the protected cultivation are respectively determined ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ And (4) after the grade of O, fertilizer preparation is carried out.

2. The special fertilizer preparation method for cucumber in localized facility based on QUEFTS model as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (7.1), the fertilizer basis N, P and the nutrient supply of K are respectively adjusted according to the season utilization rate of 35%, 25% and 45%, i.e. the adjusted N: P: K: N/35%: P/25%: K/45%, N/N: P/N: K/N: 35% N/35% N: 35% P/25% N: 35% K/45% N: 1: 35% P/25% N: 35% K/45% N.

3. Method for the application of specialized fertilizer for localized facility cucumbers based on the QUEFTS model according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that it is a recommended application method based on available yield, yield response and agronomic efficiency, comprising the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: determining low, medium and high grades of soil foundation N, P and K nutrient supply according to the annual average yield of cucumber crops in a facility cucumber planting area, namely low-fertility soil, medium-fertility soil and high-fertility soil, wherein the low-fertility soil is a field of which the average yield of the crops in the past 5 years is less than 25% of the country, the high-fertility soil is a field of which the average yield of the crops in the past 5 years is more than 75% of the country, and the medium-fertility soil is a field of which the average yield of the crops in the past 5 years is between 25% and 75%;

step two: determining the special fertilizer N: P for cucumbers in corresponding facilities according to the soil foundation N, P obtained in the first step and the K nutrient supply grade ₂ O ₅ :K ₂ O nutrient proportion and fertilization mode;

step three: determining the obtainable yield Ya' of the facility cucumber according to the annual average yield level of the facility cucumber crops in the planting area,

the yield Ya' is 1.10 times of the average yield of the local past 5-10 years facility cucumbers;

step four: determining a nitrogen application yield reaction YRN of the facility cucumber crop in the corresponding planting area according to the obtainable yield Ya' obtained in the step three, wherein the nitrogen application yield reaction YRN of the facility cucumber crop is calculated by the formula 1:

YRN(t/hm ² ) Ya' × k (formula 1),

wherein k is the nitrogen yield reaction coefficient, calculated by equation 2:

k-1-RYN (formula 2);

step five: and D, determining the nitrogen agronomic efficiency AEN of the facility cucumber crops in the corresponding planting areas according to the nitrogen applying yield reaction YRN of the facility cucumber crops in the corresponding planting areas obtained in the step four, namely:

AEN(kg/kg)＝a×(YRN) ² + b × (YRN) + c (formula 3),

step six: determining the total nitrogen application amount N in the whole growth period of the facility cucumber crops in the planting area according to the nitrogen application yield reaction YRN obtained in the fourth step and the nitrogen agronomic efficiency AEN obtained in the fifth step _{General assembly} Calculated from equation 4:

N _{general assembly} (kg/hm ² )＝YRN(t/hm ² ) X 1000/AEN (kg/kg) (formula 4);

step seven: the total amount of nitrogen donation N obtained according to step (7.2) and step six of claim 1 _{General (1)} Determining the N provided by the special fertilizer for the cucumber plants in the two corresponding planting areas in the step (2) to account for the total nitrogen application amount N _{General assembly} In percent m (%) wherein:

the special fertilizer N for basal application of cucumber in facility accounts for the total amount of nitrogen (N) applied _{General assembly} The percentage m (%) - < 20%The fertilizer N special for the early stage of facility cucumber melon filling accounts for the total amount of nitrogen (N) applied _{General assembly} The percentage m (%) is 50%, and the special fertilizer N for the later period of facility cucumber and melon filling accounts for the total amount of nitrogen (N) applied _{General assembly} The percentage m (%) of (a) is 30%;

step eight: the special blending fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer N-P for cucumber under protected cultivation in step (8.2) of claim 1 ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ The concentration w (%) of N nutrient in O grade and the total nitrogen application amount N in the whole growth period of the facility cucumber plant in the planting area corresponding to the step six _{General assembly} (kg/hm ² ) And step seven, providing N for the special fertilizer for the protected cucumber crops in the nitrogen total amount N _{General assembly} The recommended application amount of the facility cucumber special fertilizer in the corresponding planting area is determined according to the percentage m (%) and is calculated by a formula 5:

recommended application amount (kg/hm) of fertilizer special for facility cucumbers ² )＝N _{General (1)} (kg/hm ² ) X m (%)/w (%) (formula 5), wherein:

recommended application amount of special fertilizer for basal application of cucumber under protected cultivation conditions is N _{General assembly} (kg/hm ² )×20％/w(％)；

Recommended application amount of special fertilizer for early stage of facility cucumber melon bearing _{General (1)} (kg/hm ² )×50％/w(％)；

Recommended application amount of special fertilizer for later stage of cucumber bearing in greenhouse _{General assembly} (kg/hm ² )×30％/w(％)。

4. The method for applying the specialized fertilizer for the localized facility cucumbers based on the QUEFTS model as claimed in claim 3, wherein the numerical values of the binomial coefficients a, b and c in the step five are obtained by fitting binomial curves of the past test data of the facility cucumbers.