CN113875375B - Precise fertilization method for citrus unshiu tree - Google Patents
Precise fertilization method for citrus unshiu tree Download PDFInfo
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- CN113875375B CN113875375B CN202111322317.3A CN202111322317A CN113875375B CN 113875375 B CN113875375 B CN 113875375B CN 202111322317 A CN202111322317 A CN 202111322317A CN 113875375 B CN113875375 B CN 113875375B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 241000555678 Citrus unshiu Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 235000020971 citrus fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 43
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 43
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 37
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229940091250 magnesium supplement Drugs 0.000 claims description 25
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 19
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229940076230 magnesium sulfate monohydrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 18
- LFCFXZHKDRJMNS-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium;sulfate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Mg+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LFCFXZHKDRJMNS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 18
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910000160 potassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000011009 potassium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 241000207199 Citrus Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 claims description 6
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000005976 Citrus sinensis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000002319 Citrus sinensis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 abstract description 21
- 241001672694 Citrus reticulata Species 0.000 abstract description 13
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 6
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000005094 fruit set Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[P].[K] Chemical compound [N].[P].[K] WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 4
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- BMTIHSBZKJABRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[Mg].[P].[K].[Ca] Chemical compound [N].[Mg].[P].[K].[Ca] BMTIHSBZKJABRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000021022 fresh fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- YMKIRWHSXOBLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mg].[P].[Ca] Chemical compound [Mg].[P].[Ca] YMKIRWHSXOBLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000005078 fruit development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000011389 fruit/vegetable juice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015816 nutrient absorption Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/007—Determining fertilization requirements
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of planting of citrus reticulata, in particular to an accurate fertilization method for citrus reticulata fruit trees. According to the precise fertilization method for the citrus fruit trees, the precise fertilization quantification method for the citrus fruits is realized by adopting the fruit set fertilization, namely, the dosages of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium fertilizers are recommended according to the actual measurement of the nutrient carrying quantity and the target yield of the citrus fruits of 1t, and other micro fertilizers are supplemented by applying organic fertilizers or spraying trace element water-soluble fertilizers on leaf surfaces, so that the growth period of the citrus fruits is divided into 4 stages for fertilization. The accurate fertilizer application method for the citrus unshiu fruiting tree can improve the fertilizer utilization rate, save the planting cost and deserve great popularization and application in citrus unshiu growth.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of planting of citrus reticulata, in particular to an accurate fertilization method for citrus reticulata fruit trees.
Background
The citrus tangerines are late-maturing high-quality citrus varieties, the citrus tangerines are vigorous in growth vigor, the fruit lands in winter are few, the fruit bearing capacity is high, and the fruit bearing harvesting period is long. The citrus reticulata fruit is full, has the advantages of happy appearance, tender and smooth pulp, thin skin, more juice, sweet and soft taste, low acidity and tastiness, contains a large amount of vitamins, and has good nutritional value and economic value. According to the related data, the planting area of the Guangxi citrus tangerines in 2019 reaches 9.72 ten thousand hectares, the yield reaches 174.15 ten thousand tons, and the citrus tangerines have been developed into the second largest main variety of the Guangxi citrus tangerines.
Fertilization is an important content in various crop cultivation management, and no exception is made from citrus unshiu. The fertilization not only affects plant growth, fruit development, yield quality and pest and disease damage, but also affects the growth environment and production cost of the plants. In the planting process of the citrus, fruit growers usually rely on experience fertilization, so that the problems of excessive large elements and insufficient medium and trace elements of the citrus coexist, and the fertilizer is applied in a large amount for a long time, so that organic matters in soil are easily reduced, the soil is easily acidified, and the like, so that the physical and chemical properties of the soil are unsuitable for citrus growth, and the yield and quality of the citrus are influenced.
The contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium in the dried samples of the citrus fruits are respectively 0.83%,0.12%,1.05%,0.41% and 0.06%, and the average moisture content of the citrus fruits is 82%. Fresh fruit nutrient carrying amount (kg/t) =fruit mineral nutrient content× (1-fruit water content) ×1000 according to the calculation formula. The nutrient contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium carried by 1 ton of fresh citrus fruits are respectively 1.494kg,0.216kg,1.89kg, 0.378 kg and 0.108kg. The nutrient absorption and distribution coefficients of the fruits N, P, K, ca, mg are respectively calculated according to 40%, 50%, 60%, 50% and 50%, the soil is supplied with various nutrients according to 1/3, and the fertilizer utilization rates of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium are respectively calculated according to 50%,20%,65%,50% and 50%.
According to the calculation formula, fertilizing amount= (fresh fruit nutrient carrying amount/fruit nutrient distribution coefficient-basic soil supply amount)/fertilizer utilization rate. The accurate fertilization amount for producing 1 ton of citrus vortioides fruits N, P, K, ca, mg is 4.98kg,1.44kg,3.5kg,1.968kg and 0.288kg respectively. A precise fertilizer application and quantification method for citrus reticulata (L.) with fruit fertilizer application. According to the actual measurement of the nutrient carrying quantity and the target yield of the citrus fruits of 1t, the dosages of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium fertilizers of the citrus are recommended, and other micro-fertilizers are supplemented by applying organic fertilizers or spraying trace element water-soluble fertilizers on leaf surfaces.
The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a precise fertilization method for a citrus unshiu tree, which aims to solve the problems of the existing citrus unshiu during the planting process.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
an accurate fertilization method for a citrus unshiu tree comprises the following steps:
(1) Spring bud germination and flowering period: the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 30% of the whole year, the nitrogen fertilizer is provided by urea, and 162g of urea is at least required for converting each 50Kg of citrus Wo fruits; the application amount of the phosphate fertilizer is 30% of the whole year, the phosphate fertilizer is provided by potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and at least 41g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is required to be applied for converting each 50Kg of citrus fruits; the application amount of the potassium fertilizer is 20% of the whole year, the potassium fertilizer is provided by the monopotassium phosphate and the potassium sulfate, and at least 42g of potassium sulfate is needed besides the potassium phosphate; the application amount of the magnesium fertilizer is 30% of the whole year, the magnesium fertilizer is provided by magnesium sulfate monohydrate, and at least 16% of magnesium sulfate monohydrate is 27g; 2g/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1g/L boric acid can be sprayed on leaf surfaces at the beginning of 2 months to promote flower bud differentiation, and the spraying is carried out once every 15 days for 2 times; according to the soil fertility condition, more than 10 jin of sheep manure can be applied to each plant to improve the soil organic matters;
(2) Xie Huabao fruit period: the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 15% of the whole year, the nitrogen fertilizer is provided by urea, and at least 81g of urea is required for converting each 50Kg of citrus sinensis fruits to be produced; the application amount of the phosphate fertilizer is 25% of the whole year, the phosphate fertilizer is provided by potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 35g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is required to be applied; the application amount of the potassium fertilizer is 20% of the whole year, the potassium fertilizer is provided by the monopotassium phosphate and the potassium sulfate, and at least 46g of potassium sulfate is needed besides the potassium phosphate; the calcium fertilizer accounts for 30% of the whole year, and is provided by calcium oxide, and 30g of calcium oxide is needed; the application amount of the magnesium fertilizer is 30% of the whole year, the magnesium fertilizer is provided by magnesium sulfate monohydrate, and at least 16% of magnesium sulfate monohydrate is 27g;
(3) Fruit enlargement period: the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 45% of the whole year, the nitrogen fertilizer is provided by urea, and 244g of urea is at least required to be applied in a conversion way; the application amount of the phosphate fertilizer is 15% of the whole year, the phosphate fertilizer is provided by potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and at least 21g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is required to be applied; the application amount of the potassium fertilizer is 40% of the whole year, the potassium fertilizer is provided by the monopotassium phosphate and the potassium sulfate, and at least 126g of potassium sulfate is needed besides the potassium phosphate; the calcium fertilizer accounts for 40% of the whole year, is provided by calcium oxide, and has 39g of calcium oxide. The application amount of the magnesium fertilizer is 40% of the whole year, the magnesium fertilizer is provided by magnesium sulfate monohydrate, and at least 36g of 16% magnesium sulfate monohydrate is needed; spraying trace element water-soluble fertilizer on the leaf surface 3ml each time, using the concentration of 0.5ml/L, spraying once at intervals of 10-15 days, and continuously using for 2-3 times; more than 10 jin of sheep manure can be applied to each plant to improve soil organic matters; if the pH value of the soil is lower than 5.5, 0.5-1 jin of lime can be applied per plant every year to adjust the pH value of the soil;
(4) Fruit color transfer maturity: the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer accounts for 10% of the whole year, the nitrogen fertilizer is provided by urea, and at least 54g of urea is required to be applied in a conversion way; the application amount of the phosphate fertilizer is 30% of the whole year, the phosphate fertilizer is provided by potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and at least 42g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is required to be applied; the application amount of the potassium fertilizer is 20% of the whole year, the potassium fertilizer is provided by the monopotassium phosphate and the potassium sulfate, and at least 42g of potassium sulfate is needed besides the potassium phosphate; the calcium fertilizer accounts for 30% of the whole year, and is provided by calcium oxide, and 30g of calcium oxide is needed; spraying 2g/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1g/L boric acid on the leaf surface for promoting flower bud differentiation for 1 month, and spraying once every 15 days for 2 times.
Preferably, the spring bud germination and flowering period in step (1) is 2-3 months.
Preferably, the Xie Huabao fruit period in the step (2) is 4-6 months.
Preferably, the fruit swelling period in the step (3) is 7-10 months.
Preferably, the fruit in step (4) has a color change maturity of 11 months to 1 month of the next year.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the accurate fertilizer application method for the citrus unshiu fruiting tree can improve the fertilizer utilization rate, save the planting cost and deserve great popularization and application in citrus unshiu growth.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be apparent from, and is intended to provide a thorough description of, the embodiments of the present invention, and not a complete description of, the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
an accurate fertilization method for a citrus unshiu tree comprises the following steps:
(1) Spring bud germination and flowering period: the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 30% of the whole year, the nitrogen fertilizer is provided by urea, and 162g of urea is at least required for converting each 50Kg of citrus Wo fruits; the application amount of the phosphate fertilizer is 30% of the whole year, the phosphate fertilizer is provided by potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and at least 41g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is required to be applied for converting each 50Kg of citrus fruits; the application amount of the potassium fertilizer is 20% of the whole year, the potassium fertilizer is provided by the monopotassium phosphate and the potassium sulfate, and at least 42g of potassium sulfate is needed besides the potassium phosphate; the application amount of the magnesium fertilizer is 30% of the whole year, the magnesium fertilizer is provided by magnesium sulfate monohydrate, and at least 16% of magnesium sulfate monohydrate is 27g; 2g/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1g/L boric acid can be sprayed on leaf surfaces at the beginning of 2 months to promote flower bud differentiation, and the spraying is carried out once every 15 days for 2 times; according to the soil fertility condition, more than 10 jin of sheep manure can be applied to each plant to improve the soil organic matters; the germination and flowering period of the spring buds is 2-3 months;
(2) Xie Huabao fruit period: the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 15% of the whole year, the nitrogen fertilizer is provided by urea, and at least 81g of urea is required for converting each 50Kg of citrus sinensis fruits to be produced; the application amount of the phosphate fertilizer is 25% of the whole year, the phosphate fertilizer is provided by potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 35g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is required to be applied; the application amount of the potassium fertilizer is 20% of the whole year, the potassium fertilizer is provided by the monopotassium phosphate and the potassium sulfate, and at least 46g of potassium sulfate is needed besides the potassium phosphate; the calcium fertilizer accounts for 30% of the whole year, and is provided by calcium oxide, and 30g of calcium oxide is needed; the application amount of the magnesium fertilizer is 30% of the whole year, the magnesium fertilizer is provided by magnesium sulfate monohydrate, and at least 16% of magnesium sulfate monohydrate is 27g; the Xie Huabao fruit period is 4-6 months;
(3) Fruit enlargement period: the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 45% of the whole year, the nitrogen fertilizer is provided by urea, and 244g of urea is at least required to be applied in a conversion way; the application amount of the phosphate fertilizer is 15% of the whole year, the phosphate fertilizer is provided by potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and at least 21g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is required to be applied; the application amount of the potassium fertilizer is 40% of the whole year, the potassium fertilizer is provided by the monopotassium phosphate and the potassium sulfate, and at least 126g of potassium sulfate is needed besides the potassium phosphate; the calcium fertilizer accounts for 40% of the whole year, is provided by calcium oxide, and has 39g of calcium oxide. The application amount of the magnesium fertilizer is 40% of the whole year, the magnesium fertilizer is provided by magnesium sulfate monohydrate, and at least 36g of 16% magnesium sulfate monohydrate is needed; spraying trace element water-soluble fertilizer on the leaf surface 3ml each time, using the concentration of 0.5ml/L, spraying once at intervals of 10-15 days, and continuously using for 2-3 times; more than 10 jin of sheep manure can be applied to each plant to improve soil organic matters; if the pH value of the soil is lower than 5.5, 0.5-1 jin of lime can be applied per plant every year to adjust the pH value of the soil; the fruit expansion period is 7-10 months;
(4) Fruit color transfer maturity: the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer accounts for 10% of the whole year, the nitrogen fertilizer is provided by urea, and at least 54g of urea is required to be applied in a conversion way; the application amount of the phosphate fertilizer is 30% of the whole year, the phosphate fertilizer is provided by potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and at least 42g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is required to be applied; the application amount of the potassium fertilizer is 20% of the whole year, the potassium fertilizer is provided by the monopotassium phosphate and the potassium sulfate, and at least 42g of potassium sulfate is needed besides the potassium phosphate; the calcium fertilizer accounts for 30% of the whole year, and is provided by calcium oxide, and 30g of calcium oxide is needed; spraying 2g/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1g/L boric acid on the leaf surface at the beginning of 1 month to promote flower bud differentiation, and spraying once at 15 days intervals for 2 times; the fruit color change mature period is 11 months-1 month in the next year.
Conventional fertilization method：
1) Spring bud germination and flowering period (2-3 months): 98g of each plant of the NPK compound fertilizer (32-8-10) is applied, 346 g/plant of the NPK compound fertilizer (28-11-11): 102g of each plant of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (20-20-20) and 177g of the calcium-magnesium-phosphorus fertilizer (40-10-15) are applied. The nitrogen fertilizer dosage in this period is 42% of the total growth period, the phosphate fertilizer dosage is 35% of the total growth period, the potash fertilizer dosage is 15% of the total growth period, the calcium fertilizer dosage is 100% of the total growth period, and the magnesium fertilizer dosage is 52% of the total growth period.
2) Xie Huabao fruit phase (4-6 months): 104g of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (20-20-20), 104g of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (15-10-20), 192g of 52% potassium sulfate, 103g of 16% magnesium acid and 141g of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (12-6-35). The nitrogen fertilizer dosage in this period is 15% of the total growth period, the phosphate fertilizer dosage is 15% of the total growth period, the potash fertilizer dosage is 41% of the total growth period, and the magnesium fertilizer dosage is 48% of the total growth period.
3) The fruit expanding period (7-10 months) is 190g of each plant of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (12-6-35), 154g of each plant of 46% urea, 122g of each plant of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (28-11-11), 189g of each plant of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (12-6-35). Applying more than 10kg of organic fertilizer. The nitrogen fertilizer dosage in this period is 42% of the total growth period, the phosphate fertilizer dosage is 14% of the total growth period, and the potash fertilizer dosage is 32% of the total growth period.
4) Fruit color change maturity (11-1 month of the next year): 30 g/plant of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (10-45-10), 155 g/plant of monopotassium phosphate (0-52-34). The nitrogen fertilizer dosage in this period is 1% of the total growth period, the phosphate fertilizer dosage is 36% of the total growth period, and the potash fertilizer dosage is 12% of the total growth period.
The invention takes a conventional fertilizer application method of the citrus reticulata as a control example, and the fertilizer utilization rate of the fertilizer application method and the conventional fertilizer application method of the invention and the yield of the citrus reticulata are respectively investigated, and the details are shown in table 1.
Table 1 fertilizer utilization ratio, yield survey results of citrus unshiu according to the fertilizer application method of the present invention
As can be seen from table 1, the fertilization method of the present invention has a smaller yield difference than the control fertilization method; but compared with the control, the dosage of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium-calcium-magnesium fertilizer is reduced by 47.65 percent, and the utilization rate of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium-calcium-magnesium fertilizer is improved by 91 percent.
The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention are presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain the specific principles of the invention and its practical application to thereby enable one skilled in the art to make and utilize the invention in various exemplary embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (1)
1. The precise fertilization method for the citrus unshiu tree is characterized by comprising the following steps of: (1) spring bud germination and flowering period: the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 30% of the whole year, the nitrogen fertilizer is provided by urea, and 162g of urea is at least required for converting each 50Kg of citrus Wo fruits; the application amount of the phosphate fertilizer is 30% of the whole year, the phosphate fertilizer is provided by potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and at least 41g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is required to be applied for converting each 50Kg of citrus fruits; the application amount of the potassium fertilizer is 20% of the whole year, the potassium fertilizer is provided by the monopotassium phosphate and the potassium sulfate, and at least 42g of potassium sulfate is needed besides the potassium phosphate; the application amount of the magnesium fertilizer is 30% of the whole year, the magnesium fertilizer is provided by magnesium sulfate monohydrate, and at least 16% of magnesium sulfate monohydrate is 27g; 2g/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1g/L boric acid can be sprayed on leaf surfaces at the beginning of 2 months to promote flower bud differentiation, and the spraying is carried out once every 15 days for 2 times; according to the soil fertility condition, more than 10 jin of sheep manure can be applied to each plant to improve the soil organic matters; (2) Xie Huabao fruit phase: the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 15% of the whole year, the nitrogen fertilizer is provided by urea, and at least 81g of urea is required for converting each 50Kg of citrus sinensis fruits to be produced; the application amount of the phosphate fertilizer is 25% of the whole year, the phosphate fertilizer is provided by potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 35g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is required to be applied; the application amount of the potassium fertilizer is 20% of the whole year, the potassium fertilizer is provided by the monopotassium phosphate and the potassium sulfate, and at least 46g of potassium sulfate is needed besides the potassium phosphate; the calcium fertilizer accounts for 30% of the whole year, and is provided by calcium oxide, and 30g of calcium oxide is needed; the application amount of the magnesium fertilizer is 30% of the whole year, the magnesium fertilizer is provided by magnesium sulfate monohydrate, and at least 16% of magnesium sulfate monohydrate is 27g; (3) fruit expansion period: the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 45% of the whole year, the nitrogen fertilizer is provided by urea, and 244g of urea is at least required to be applied in a conversion way; the application amount of the phosphate fertilizer is 15% of the whole year, the phosphate fertilizer is provided by potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and at least 21g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is required to be applied; the application amount of the potassium fertilizer is 40% of the whole year, the potassium fertilizer is provided by the monopotassium phosphate and the potassium sulfate, and at least 126g of potassium sulfate is needed besides the potassium phosphate; the calcium fertilizer accounts for 40% of the whole year, and is provided by calcium oxide, and 39g of calcium oxide is needed; the application amount of the magnesium fertilizer is 40% of the whole year, the magnesium fertilizer is provided by magnesium sulfate monohydrate, and at least 36g of 16% magnesium sulfate monohydrate is needed; spraying trace element water-soluble fertilizer on the leaf surface 3ml each time, using the concentration of 0.5ml/L, spraying once at intervals of 10-15 days, and continuously using for 2-3 times; more than 10 jin of sheep manure can be applied to each plant to improve soil organic matters; if the pH value of the soil is lower than 5.5, 0.5-1 jin of lime can be applied per plant every year to adjust the pH value of the soil; (4) fruit color transfer maturity: the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer accounts for 10% of the whole year, the nitrogen fertilizer is provided by urea, and at least 54g of urea is required to be applied in a conversion way; the application amount of the phosphate fertilizer is 30% of the whole year, the phosphate fertilizer is provided by potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and at least 42g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is required to be applied; the application amount of the potassium fertilizer is 20% of the whole year, the potassium fertilizer is provided by the monopotassium phosphate and the potassium sulfate, and at least 42g of potassium sulfate is needed besides the potassium phosphate; the calcium fertilizer accounts for 30% of the whole year, and is provided by calcium oxide, and 30g of calcium oxide is needed; spraying 2g/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1g/L boric acid on the leaf surface at the beginning of 1 month to promote flower bud differentiation, and spraying once at 15 days intervals for 2 times;
the germination and flowering period of the spring buds in the step (1) is 2-3 months;
the Xie Huabao fruit period in the step (2) is 4-6 months;
the fruit swelling period in the step (3) is 7-10 months;
the fruit color transfer mature period in the step (4) is 11 months to 1 month in the next year.
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Application publication date: 20220104 Assignee: Yangshuo Qixianfeng Tea Industry Development Co.,Ltd. Assignor: GUANGXI ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES Contract record no.: X2023980046031 Denomination of invention: A Precise Fertilization Method for Fruit Trees of Citrus Granted publication date: 20230602 License type: Common License Record date: 20231108 Application publication date: 20220104 Assignee: Yangshuo Yulong River Ecological Agriculture Development Co.,Ltd. Assignor: GUANGXI ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES Contract record no.: X2023980046028 Denomination of invention: A Precise Fertilization Method for Fruit Trees of Citrus Granted publication date: 20230602 License type: Common License Record date: 20231108 Application publication date: 20220104 Assignee: Guizhu Jinju Professional Cooperative in Baisha Town, Yangshuo County Assignor: GUANGXI ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES Contract record no.: X2023980046026 Denomination of invention: A Precise Fertilization Method for Fruit Trees of Citrus Granted publication date: 20230602 License type: Common License Record date: 20231108 Application publication date: 20220104 Assignee: Guangxi Nanning Yuancheng Modern Agriculture Co.,Ltd. Assignor: GUANGXI ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES Contract record no.: X2023980046024 Denomination of invention: A Precise Fertilization Method for Fruit Trees of Citrus Granted publication date: 20230602 License type: Common License Record date: 20231108 |
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