CN109729806B - Fertilization recommendation method for watermelon planting - Google Patents
Fertilization recommendation method for watermelon planting Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fertilization recommendation method for watermelon planting, which comprises the following steps: s1, determining the nutrient residual effect of the crops in the previous season; s2, determining the watermelon yield of the farmer under the habitual fertilization measure, and further determining the target yield; s3, judging whether the value of the yield response is known, if so, entering a step S5, otherwise, entering a step S4; s4, determining a yield response according to the target yield, and entering the step S5; s5, determining the recommended fertilizing amount during watermelon planting according to the yield reaction and the nutrient residual effect; and S6, determining the base dressing proportion of the fertilization according to the fertilization mode and the recommended fertilization amount selected by the farmer, providing the fertilization position recommendation, and completing the fertilization recommendation of watermelon planting. The invention provides a scientific fertilizing method for farmers who plant watermelons, and the fertilizing amount and the fertilizing mode are determined according to local conditions; the yield and the quality of the watermelon are improved, and the economic benefit of farmers is also improved.
Description
Technical Field
The field belongs to the technical field of watermelon planting, and particularly relates to a fertilization recommendation method for watermelon planting.
Background
The watermelon belongs to a vintage herb plant, contains glucose, sucrose, fructose and a plurality of mineral substances, has a plurality of tastes of sweet, fine and cool, is tasty and refreshing, and is a favorite good product for relieving summer heat and quenching thirst in summer.
The watermelon is one of main fruits in China, the planting is distributed in various parts of China, the planting area is large every year, and the market demand is large. With the increasing market requirements, the yield and the quality of watermelon production must be considered, most of fertilizers in watermelon planting at present are configured by farmers according to experience, and the extensive configuration can lead to poor mastering of elements and the proportion of each element in the fertilizers, so that the effect of optimizing the yield of the watermelon cannot be achieved, the fertilizer is wasted, and the adverse effects of low yield of the watermelon and poor economic benefit can be caused.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the fertilization recommendation method for watermelon planting provided by the invention solves the problems of low watermelon yield and poor economic benefit caused by improper fertilization in the existing watermelon planting.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a fertilization recommendation method for watermelon planting comprises the following steps:
s1, determining the nutrient residual effect of the crops in the previous season;
s2, determining the watermelon yield of the farmer under the habitual fertilization measure, and further determining the target yield;
s3, judging whether the value of the yield response is known, if so, entering a step S5, otherwise, entering a step S4;
s4, determining a yield response according to the target yield, and entering the step S5;
s5, determining the recommended fertilizing amount during watermelon planting according to the yield reaction and the nutrient residual effect;
and S6, determining the base dressing proportion of the fertilization according to the fertilization mode and the recommended fertilization amount selected by the farmer, providing the fertilization position recommendation, and completing the fertilization recommendation of watermelon planting.
Further, in the step S1, the nutrient residual effect includes a phosphorus residual effect and a potassium residual effect;
the residual phosphorus content y1Comprises the following steps:
wherein A is the input amount of organic fertilizer and fertilizer nutrients of the crops in the previous season;
b is the nutrient removal amount of the crops in the previous season;
the method comprises the following steps of A, obtaining the input amount A of organic fertilizer and fertilizer nutrients of crops in the previous season according to feedback data of farmers;
the nutrient removal amount B of the previous crops is as follows:
B＝B1+B2
wherein, B1The fruit removal amount of the crops in the previous season; b is1＝aZ1xRIEP × HIP, a is a phosphorus conversion coefficient, Z1The RIEP is the phosphorus removal amount of each formed ton of the harvested crops, and the HIP is the proportion of the phosphorus removal amount of the harvested crops to the total phosphorus removal amount of the crops;
B2the straw moving amount is used in the last season; b is2＝aZ2×RIEP×(1-HIP)×(1-d)，Z2The total yield of the straws of the crops in the first season,d is the returning proportion;
the potassium residual effect y2Comprises the following steps:
y2＝(A-C)×0.8
wherein A is the input amount of organic fertilizer and fertilizer nutrients of the crops in the previous season;
c is the nutrient removal amount of the crops in the previous season;
the method comprises the following steps of A, obtaining the input amount A of organic fertilizer and fertilizer nutrients of crops in the previous season according to feedback data of farmers;
the nutrient removal amount C of the previous crops is as follows:
C＝C1+C2
wherein, C1The fruit removal amount of the crops in the previous season; c1＝bZ1X RIEK X HIK, b is a potassium conversion factor, Z1The RIEK is the potassium removal amount of each formed ton of harvested crops, and the HIK is the ratio of the potassium removal amount of the harvested crops to the total potassium removal amount of the crops;
C2the straw removal amount of the crops in the previous season is calculated; c2＝bZ2×RIEK×(1-HIK)×(1-d)，Z2The total yield of the straws of the crops in the previous season, and d is the returning proportion;
when the calculated results of the phosphorus residual effect and the potassium residual effect are negative values, the total amount is counted as 0.
Further, in step S2, the target yield T is:
T＝FP×1.05
wherein FP is the watermelon yield of farmers under habitual fertilization measures, and FP is not more than 75 tons per hectare.
Further, the yield in step S3 is reflected by the difference between the yield without applying a certain nutrient and the yield with the nutrient application sufficient for the next two treatment methods.
Further, the step S4 is specifically:
s41, judging whether the watermelon planting field has a soil measuring result, if so, entering a step S42, otherwise, entering a step S43;
s42, determining soil nutrient supply grades according to the contents of organic matters, quick-acting nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus and quick-acting potassium in soil determination results, respectively determining corresponding yield reactions according to the soil nutrient supply grades, and entering the step S5;
s43, determining the soil nutrient supply grade according to the soil texture, color and organic matter content information of the field investigation of the watermelon planting field, determining the yield reaction according to the soil nutrient supply grade, and entering the step S5.
Further, the yield reaction Y is:
Y＝cT
wherein c is a yield reaction coefficient, and c is obtained according to the soil nutrient supply grade and comprises a nitrogen yield reaction coefficient, a phosphorus yield reaction coefficient and a potassium yield reaction coefficient.
Further, the recommended fertilizing amount in the step S5 includes a recommended nitrogen applying amount, a recommended phosphorus applying amount and a recommended potassium applying amount;
the recommended nitrogen application amount M is as follows:
wherein η is agronomic efficiency, and η ═ 0.069Y2+5.7435Y+0.2236；
The recommended phosphorus application amount N is as follows:
N＝9.4Y+(0.3554T-y1)
the recommended potassium application amount K is as follows:
K＝11.86Y+(02.075T-y2)。
further, the fertilizing manner in the step S6 includes applying an elemental fertilizer and applying a compound fertilizer;
when the selected fertilization mode is simple substance fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are applied;
when the nitrogen fertilizer is applied, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied for 2-4 times according to the recommended nitrogen application amount and the watermelon planting soil condition;
when the phosphate fertilizer is applied, all the phosphate fertilizer is applied as a base fertilizer at one time according to the recommended phosphorus application amount;
when the potash fertilizer is applied, the potash fertilizer is applied for 1-3 times according to the recommended potassium application amount;
when the selected fertilizing mode is the compound fertilizer and the farmer determines the selected compound fertilizer, determining the application amount of the base fertilizer and the application amount of the additional fertilizer;
the application amount of the base fertilizer of the compound fertilizer is determined according to the recommended phosphorus application amount and the percentage content of the phosphate fertilizer in the compound fertilizer;
the determination mode of the application amount of the additional fertilizer is as follows:
determining the amount of the topdressing compound fertilizer according to the percentage content of the nitrogen fertilizer in the applied compound fertilizer base fertilizer and the recommended nitrogen application amount; and when the applied top dressing compound fertilizer amount meets the recommended nitrogen application amount, determining and recommending the potassium application amount according to the percentage content of the potassium fertilizer in the compound fertilizer base fertilizer, and determining the amount of the potassium fertilizer applied independently.
Further, the fertilization position recommendation in the step S6 includes a fertilization position recommendation for base fertilizer and a fertilization position recommendation for top dressing;
the fertilization positions of the base fertilizer are recommended as follows: broadcasting fertilizer in one week before transplanting, and mixing the fertilizer with a 0-20 cm soil layer by using a rotary cultivator;
the fertilizer application positions of the top dressing are recommended as follows: fertilizing at a position which is 10 cm away from the roots of the watermelon seedlings and 5-10 cm deep, irrigating or flushing the fertilizer after the fertilizer is spread, and regulating nitrogen and potassium by water.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the fertilization recommendation method for watermelon planting provided by the invention provides a scientific fertilization method for watermelon planting farmers, and the fertilization amount and fertilization mode are determined according to local conditions; the yield and the quality of the watermelon are improved, and the economic benefit of farmers is also improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a fertilization recommendation method for watermelon planting according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for determining yield response in an embodiment provided herein.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, but it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined and defined in the appended claims, and all matters produced by the invention using the inventive concept are protected.
As shown in fig. 1, a fertilization recommendation method for watermelon planting comprises the following steps:
s1, determining the nutrient residual effect of the crops in the previous season;
in step S1, the nutrient residual effects include phosphorus residual effects and potassium residual effects.
The residual phosphorus content y1Comprises the following steps:
wherein A is the input amount of organic fertilizer and fertilizer nutrients of the crops in the previous season;
b is the nutrient removal amount of the crops in the previous season; typical nutrient removal rates for crops are shown in table 1:
table 1: nutrient removal per ton of harvest for different crops (RIE: kg/ton)
Note: RIEP is the phosphorus removal amount of each formed one ton of harvested crops, and HIP is the ratio of the phosphorus removal amount of the harvested crops to the total phosphorus removal amount of the crops; RIEK is the amount of potassium removed from the crop per ton of harvest, and HIK is the ratio of the amount of potassium removed from the harvest to the total amount of potassium removed from the crop.
The method comprises the following steps of A, obtaining the input amount A of organic fertilizer and fertilizer nutrients of crops in the previous season according to feedback data of farmers;
the nutrient removal amount B of the previous crops is as follows:
B＝B1+B2(ton/hectare)
Wherein, B1The fruit removal amount of the crops in the previous season; b is1＝aZ1xRIEP × HIP, a is a phosphorus conversion coefficient, Z1The RIEP is the phosphorus removal amount of each formed ton of the harvested crops, and the HIP is the proportion of the phosphorus removal amount of the harvested crops to the total phosphorus removal amount of the crops;
when determining the phosphorus conversion factor, converting the simple substance P into P2O5The multiplication is 2.292, i.e. 2.292P-P2O5I.e., the phosphorus reduction factor a is 2.292;
B2the straw moving amount is used in the last season; b is2＝aZ2×RIEP×(1-HIP)×(1-d)，Z2The total yield of the straws of the crops in the previous season, and d is the returning proportion;
the potassium residual effect y2Comprises the following steps:
y1not (a-C) × 0.8 (kg/hectare)
Wherein A is the input amount of organic fertilizer and fertilizer nutrients of the crops in the previous season;
c is the nutrient removal amount of the crops in the previous season;
the method comprises the following steps of A, obtaining the input amount A of organic fertilizer and fertilizer nutrients of crops in the previous season according to feedback data of farmers;
the nutrient removal amount C of the previous crops is as follows:
C＝C1+C2(ton/hectare)
Wherein, C1The fruit removal amount of the crops in the previous season; b is1＝bZ1X RIEK X HIK, b is a potassium conversion factor, Z1The RIEK is the potassium removal amount of each formed ton of harvested crops, and the HIK is the ratio of the potassium removal amount of the harvested crops to the total potassium removal amount of the crops;
when determining the potassium conversion factor, converting the simple substance K into K2O, needs to be multiplied by 1.205, i.e. 1.205K-K2O, i.e., the phosphorus reduction factor a, is 1.205;
C2the straw moving amount is used in the last season; c2＝bZ2×RIEK×(1-HIK)×(1-d)，Z2The total yield of the straws of the crops in the previous season, and d is the returning proportion;
when the calculated results of the phosphorus residual effect and the potassium residual effect are negative values, the total amount is counted as 0.
When the returning proportion is determined, if the crops in the previous season are burnt, the returning proportion of the straws is 90%, and the removing proportion is 10%;
if the crops in the previous season are moved away, the returning proportion is 0;
if other processing modes are adopted for the crops in the previous season, calculating according to the returning proportion confirmed by the peasant household;
if the crops are completely returned to the field in the previous season, the returning proportion is 100 percent.
If the crops in the previous season are leaf vegetables, the total removal is calculated no matter how many edible parts are removed, and the specific calculation is as follows: if the yield of the Chinese cabbage of the season crop is 30 tons/hectare, the phosphorus application amount is 80 kilograms of P2O5Hectare, 20 kg of P is brought in by organic fertilizer2O5Per hectare, the residual effect of the quaternary phosphorus is as follows: (80+20-30 x 0.9 x 2.292) x 0.5-19 kg of P2O5Hectare (Chinese cabbage RIEP ═ 0.9 t/ha). The calculation method of the residual effect of potassium is the same.
The wheat crop in the above seasons (yield: 8 ton/hectare, total amount of phosphate fertilizer application is 80 kg P2O5Hectare, straw return to field mode for incineration) as an example to calculate the nutrient residual effect:
and (3) calculating a nutrient content formula by burning in the last season (the straws are returned to the field according to 90 percent and moved away to 10 percent):
residual phosphorus (kg P)2O5Hectare): (80-) (8*4.0*0.80+8*4.0*(1-0.80)*(1-0.9))*2.292)*0.5＝9.9。
Because watermelons are planted in almost all provinces in China, planting modes are various, the situation that watermelons are fertilized excessively is common, and phosphorus and potassium are surplus totally, the residual effect of phosphorus and potassium of crops in the previous season is not considered by farmers or plots for primarily using the method to perform fertilization recommendation, and the balance of phosphorus and potassium of watermelons in the current season is considered in a key point.
And S2, determining the watermelon yield of the farmer under the habitual fertilization measure, and further determining the target yield.
In the above step S2, the target yield T is:
t ═ FP × 1.05 (ton/hectare)
Indicating that the recommended fertilization increased the yield by 5% based on the farmer watermelon fertilization measures.
Wherein FP is the watermelon yield of farmers under habitual fertilization measures, and FP is not more than 75 tons per hectare.
S3, judging whether the value of the yield response is known, if so, entering the step S5, otherwise, entering the step S4.
The yield in step S3 is reflected by the difference between the yield without applying a certain nutrient and the yield with the nutrient application sufficient for the next two treatment methods. If the yield difference between the nitrogen treatment and the non-nitrogen treatment is the yield response of the nitrogen fertilizer application. In practice, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium yield responses are obtained by the difference between the yields of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium treatments with sufficient supply of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and the yields of the treatments without nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. If the yield response is known, the determination of the recommended amount of fertilizer to be applied can be made directly.
S4, determining a yield response according to the target yield, and entering the step S5;
the step S4 is specifically:
s41, judging whether the watermelon planting field has a soil measuring result, if so, entering a step S42, otherwise, entering a step S43;
s42, determining soil nutrient supply grades according to the contents of organic matters, quick-acting nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus and quick-acting potassium in soil determination results, respectively determining corresponding yield reactions according to the soil nutrient supply grades, and entering the step S5;
the quick-acting nitrogen is mainly used for adjusting organic matters, and the corresponding relation of soil test grades is shown in table 2:
table 2: nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium critical value index of soil test of watermelon planting field
In table 2, if the quick-acting nitrogen > is 100mg/kg, the grades are upgraded to "medium" and "high" according to the "low" and "medium" grades of the organic matter test value; if the rapid-acting nitrogen is <60mg/kg, the "high" rating is degraded to a "medium" rating according to the organic matter test value.
The low, medium and high grades of the soil nutrient supply grades correspond to the high, medium and low grades of the yield reaction respectively. The yield response is then determined from the target yield and yield response coefficient, and thus, the yield response Y is:
y ═ cT (ton/hectare)
Wherein c is a yield reaction coefficient, and c is obtained according to the soil nutrient supply grade and comprises a nitrogen yield reaction coefficient, a phosphorus yield reaction coefficient and a potassium yield reaction coefficient.
Wherein the yield response coefficient is 1-relative yield is yield response/optimal processing yield;
examples are:
if the organic matter, the quick-acting phosphorus and the quick-acting potassium grades in the soil test grades are respectively medium, the watermelon nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer yield reactions with the target yield of 40 tons/hectare are respectively 40 × 0.182-7.3, 40 × 0.151-6.0 and 40 × 0.119-4.8 tons/hectare can be obtained according to the corresponding relations in the following table 3;
table 3: corresponding table of nitrogen phosphorus potassium yield reaction coefficients and soil nutrient supply grades of different watermelons
S43, determining the soil nutrient supply grade according to the soil texture, color and organic matter content information of the field investigation of the watermelon planting field, determining the yield reaction according to the soil nutrient supply grade, and entering the step S5.
And if no soil test result exists, determining the supply condition of the soil nutrients (foundation) according to the information such as soil texture/color/organic matter content and the like obtained by field investigation. The specific principle is as follows:
low: sandy soil (regardless of soil color); light gray or yellowish clay or loam;
the method comprises the following steps: dark gray/tan (or organic matter moderate) clay or loam;
high: clay or loam which contains high amounts of organic matter and high fertility and is dark brown.
Determining the soil nutrient supply grade corresponding to the soil nutrient supply state according to the table 4;
table 4: estimation of soil nutrient supply level
And determining the yield reaction according to the yield reaction coefficients in the table 3 after judging the low, medium and high levels of the soil nutrient supply.
S5, determining the recommended fertilizing amount during watermelon planting according to the yield reaction and the nutrient residual effect;
the recommended fertilizing amount in the step S5 comprises a recommended nitrogen applying amount, a recommended phosphorus applying amount and a recommended potassium applying amount;
the recommended nitrogen application amount M is as follows:
wherein η is agronomic efficiency, and η ═ 0.069Y2+5.7435Y+0.2236；
The recommended nitrogen application quantity N is mainly considered according to yield response, crop removal quantity (maintaining soil balance) and quaternary phosphorus residual effect;
the recommended nitrogen application quantity N is as follows:
m ═ yield reaction + (crop removal-residual effect of quaternary phosphorus)
Yield reaction × 9.4+ (target yield × REIp × HIP × 0.75 × 2.292-quaternary phosphorus residual effect)
Yield reaction × 9.40+ (target yield × 0.3554-quaternary phosphorus residual effect)
Wherein, RIEP is 0.41, HIP is 0.54, and the phosphorus element of fresh watermelon food which is 75 percent of the returned watermelon is removed;
therefore, the recommended nitrogen application amount N is:
N＝9.4Y+(0.3554T-y1) (kilogram per hectare)
In determining the recommended nitrogen application:
yield reaction part: yield response x 9.4, where 9.4 is the amount of nutrients required to be increased per increased unit yield response (RIEP/RE x 2.292-0.41/0.10 x 2.292-9.40), different crops being determined by their RIE and RE values;
a crop removing part: in the production of watermelons, in order to avoid soil-borne diseases, the watermelon seedlings are not returned to the field basically. Calculating soil phosphorus balance according to the proposed phosphorus application amount and the crop removal amount, determining the amount of removed fruits returned, returning 75% of the amount of removed fruits, and basically keeping the soil phosphorus balance;
the phosphorus residual effect part of the top-season crops: and judging whether the difference value between the removal amount of the crops and the residual phosphorus effect of the previous crops is less than zero, and if the difference value is less than zero or equal to zero, calculating the residual phosphorus effect of the previous crops according to 0.
The recommended potassium application amount is mainly considered according to yield response, return of crop removal amount (maintaining sudden balance) and residual effect of the last-season potassium, different from food crops, 70% of potassium of watermelons is concentrated in fruits, and only the nutrient proportion in returned fruits needs to be considered in the consideration of nutrient balance;
potassium application amount ═ yield reaction part + (fruit removal-last season potassium residual effect)
Yield reaction × 11.86+ { target yield × RIEK × HIK × 1.205-quaternary potassium residual effect }
Yield reaction × 11.86+ { target yield × 2.075-Quaternary Potassium residual Effect }
Wherein, RIEK is 2.46, HIK is 0.70
Therefore, the recommended potassium application K is:
K＝11.86Y+(02.075T-y2) (kilogram per hectare)
In the course of the potassium dosing that is indeed recommended:
yield reaction part: yield reaction part: yield responses x 11.86, 11.86 is the amount of nutrients required to be increased per increased unit yield response (RIEK/RE x 1.205 ═ 2.46/0.25 x 1.205 ═ 11.86), with different crops identified by RIE and RE values;
a crop removing part: calculating soil potassium balance according to the planned recommended potassium application amount and the crop removal amount, determining the potassium application amount, having large potassium demand of the watermelon, and considering 100% of fruit removal amount;
the potassium residual effect part of the top crops: and (4) judging whether the value of [ grain removal + partial straw removal-quaternary potassium residual effect ] is less than zero, and if the value is less than zero or equal to zero, calculating the quaternary potassium residual effect according to 0.
S6, determining the base dressing proportion of the fertilization according to the fertilization mode and the recommended fertilization amount selected by the farmer, providing the fertilization position recommendation, and completing the fertilization recommendation of watermelon planting.
The fertilizing mode in the step S6 comprises the steps of applying an elemental fertilizer and applying a compound fertilizer;
when the selected fertilization mode is simple substance fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are applied;
when the nitrogen fertilizer is applied, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied for 2-4 times according to the recommended nitrogen application amount and the watermelon planting soil condition;
as shown in table 5, the period and number of nitrogen fertilizer application were determined;
table 5: nitrogen fertilizer application times and period recommendation table
The basic topdressing ratio determination mode of the nitrogen fertilizer is as follows:
(1) the amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 200 kg/hectare, and the fertilization is carried out for 4 times.
(2)150< the dosage of the nitrogen fertilizer is less than 200 kg/hectare, and the soil texture is sandy, and the fertilizer is applied for 4 times.
(3)150< the dosage of the nitrogen fertilizer is less than 200 kg/hectare, and the soil texture is loam or mucilage, and the fertilizer is applied for 3 times.
(4) The nitrogen fertilizer dosage is less than 150 kg/hectare, and 2 times of fertilization are carried out.
(5) The nitrogen application proportion in different periods is determined by the soil basic nutrient supply grade (table 4), the soil texture, color and organic matter content are low, medium and high according to the table 4, the soil basic fertility is low, medium and high are determined, and as shown in the table 6, the base fertilizer and additional fertilizer proportion of the nitrogen fertilizer are determined according to the soil fertility is low, medium and high;
table 6: corresponding relation between soil basic nutrient supply and nitrogen-based topdressing ratio
When the phosphate fertilizer is applied, all the phosphate fertilizer is applied as a base fertilizer at one time according to the recommended phosphorus application amount;
when the potash fertilizer is applied, the potash fertilizer is applied for 1-3 times according to the recommended potassium application amount;
if potassium addition is recommended<150kg K2O/ha, then one application; if the recommended potassium application amount is more than or equal to 150kg K2O/ha, and<225kg K2the O/ha is applied for 2 times, the potassium is applied for the second time in the fruit expansion period, and the proportion is 40 percent of base fertilizer and 60 percent of additional fertilizer; if the recommended potassium application amount is more than or equal to 250kg K2And O/ha is applied for 3 times, and the application proportion of the base fertilizer, the melon-bearing fertilizer and the fruit-strengthening fertilizer is respectively 30 percent, 30 percent and 40 percent.
When the selected fertilizing mode is the compound fertilizer and the farmer determines the selected compound fertilizer, determining the application amount of the base fertilizer and the application amount of the additional fertilizer;
applying nitrogen for 1-3 times according to different nitrogen amounts of base fertilizers brought by the compound fertilizer; because the recommended dosage of the phosphorus is usually the lowest of the three major elements, the residual nitrogen is applied at the 2 nd or 3 rd time based on the priority of meeting the phosphorus requirement in the compound fertilizer recommendation.
The application amount of the base fertilizer of the compound fertilizer is determined according to the recommended phosphorus application amount and the percentage content of the phosphate fertilizer in the compound fertilizer;
m, N, K is recommended nitrogen application amount, recommended phosphorus application amount and recommended potassium application amount respectively, m, n and k are nitrogen nutrient amount, phosphorus nutrient amount and potassium nutrient amount brought by the compound fertilizer base fertilizer selected by farmers respectively;
supposing that the kind of the compound fertilizer is N-P2O5-K2O (representing the percentage of the three nutrients);
therefore, the amount of the base fertilizer of the compound fertilizer is 100/P of the recommended phosphorus application amount2O5
N/100 of base fertilizer dosage of compound fertilizer
K is the base fertilizer consumption of compound fertilizer2O/100
The determination mode of the application amount of the additional fertilizer is as follows:
1. the nitrogen of the base fertilizer brought by the compound fertilizer is recommended to be the nitrogen amount (M is more than M),
[1] however, if the difference (M-M) between the two is less than 15kgN/ha, the nitrogen dressing is not needed again.
[2] If the difference (M-M) > is 15kgN/ha, nitrogen brought by the compound fertilizer is too high, other compound fertilizers are recommended to be selected, and if farmers do not select other compound fertilizers, one-time fertilization of the compound fertilizers is recommended;
2. if the nitrogen consumption brought by the compound fertilizer is less than the recommended nitrogen application amount (M-M) and meets the requirement that 0< (M-a) <15kgN/ha, urea does not need to be supplemented again, the compound fertilizer application is completed, and nitrogen supplement (one-time compound fertilizer application) is not needed.
3. If the nitrogen dosage brought by the compound fertilizer is less than the recommended nitrogen application amount (M-M) and meets the condition that 15< ═ M < - > is 60 < >, supplementing the rest nitrogen fertilizer in the melon-forming period in the form of urea, wherein the dosage is (M-M)/0.46; (fertilizing for 2 times, namely compound fertilizer base fertilizer and urea additional fertilizer).
4. If the nitrogen consumption of the base fertilizer brought by the compound fertilizer is less than the recommended nitrogen application amount (M) M and meets the requirement (M-M) >60kgN/ha (3 times of fertilization),
[1] if (M) first fertilization proportion-M) >10kgN/ha, the result is:
i. the base fertilizer is supplemented with urea, and is fertilized with the compound fertilizer ((M) base fertilizer proportion-M)/0.46);
ii, topdressing: urea (M x second fertilization ratio)/0.46 is applied in the melon formation stage, and urea (M x third fertilization ratio)/0.46 is applied in the expansion stage;
[2] if (M × first fertilization proportion-M) <10 (including M > a first fertilization proportion) results:
i. base fertilizer does not supplement urea
i. Topdressing: urea (M-M) was applied in the melon formation stage at the second fertilization ratio/(second fertilization ratio + third fertilization ratio)/0.46, and urea (M-M) was applied in the expansion stage at the third fertilization ratio/(second fertilization ratio + third fertilization ratio)/0.46.
5. And (3) potassium fertilizer additional application: after the nitrogen meets the above conditions, the potassium dosage is judged.
[1] If K > K;
a) if the difference between the two values (K-K)<10kg K2O/ha, no need of applying potash fertilizer.
b) If the difference between two (K-K)>＝10kg K2O/ha, over-high potassium brought by the compound fertilizer, and other compound fertilizers are recommended to be selected;
[2] if K < K;
a)(K-k)<10kg K2o/ha, no need of applying potash fertilizer.
b)(K-k)>＝10kg K2And O/ha, supplementing 40% of the rest potash fertilizer in the melon-bearing period by (K-K) × 0.4, and supplementing 60% of the rest potash fertilizer in the expansion period by (K-K) × 0.6.
The fertilization position recommendation in the step S6 includes a fertilization position recommendation for base fertilizer and a fertilization position recommendation for additional fertilizer; applying a proper fertilizer variety to a proper fertilizing position during a proper fertilizing period according to a 4R nutrient management principle;
the fertilization positions of the base fertilizer are recommended as follows: broadcasting fertilizer in one week before transplanting, and mixing the fertilizer with a 0-20 cm soil layer by using a rotary cultivator;
the fertilizer application positions of the top dressing are recommended as follows: fertilizing at a position which is 10 cm away from the roots of the watermelon seedlings and 5-10 cm deep, irrigating or flushing the fertilizer after the fertilizer is spread, and regulating nitrogen and potassium by water.
In one embodiment of the invention, while determining the recommended fertilizing amount, whether the problem of trace element deficiency exists or not can be judged according to the actual soil condition, and a recommended fertilizing method for supplementing related trace elements is provided, wherein the recommended fertilizing method for supplementing the trace elements is shown in the following table 7:
table 7: recommended fertilization method in case of trace element deficiency
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the fertilization recommendation method for watermelon planting provided by the invention provides a scientific fertilization method for watermelon planting farmers, and the fertilization amount and fertilization mode are determined according to local conditions; the yield and the quality of the watermelon are improved, and the economic benefit of farmers is also improved.
Claims (2)
1. The fertilization recommendation method for watermelon planting is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, determining the nutrient residual effect of the crops in the previous season;
wherein the nutrient residual effect comprises phosphorus residual effect and potassium residual effect;
the residual phosphorus content y1Comprises the following steps:
wherein A is the input amount of organic fertilizer and fertilizer nutrients of the crops in the previous season;
b is the nutrient removal amount of the crops in the previous season;
the method comprises the following steps of A, obtaining the input amount A of organic fertilizer and fertilizer nutrients of crops in the previous season according to feedback data of farmers;
the nutrient removal amount B of the previous crops is as follows:
B＝B1+B2
wherein, B1The fruit removal amount of the crops in the previous season; b is1＝aZ1xRIEP × HIP, a is a phosphorus conversion coefficient, Z1The RIEP is the phosphorus removal amount of each formed ton of the harvested crops, and the HIP is the proportion of the phosphorus removal amount of the harvested crops to the total phosphorus removal amount of the crops;
B2the straw moving amount is used in the last season; b is2＝aZ2×RIEP×(1-HIP)×(1-d)，Z2The total yield of the straws of the crops in the last season is dReturning to the field proportion;
the potassium residual effect y2Comprises the following steps:
y2＝(A-C)×0.8
c is the nutrient removal amount of the crops in the previous season;
the nutrient removal amount C of the previous crops is as follows:
C＝C1+C2
wherein, C1The fruit removal amount of the crops in the previous season; c1＝bZ1X RIEK X HIK, b is a potassium conversion factor, Z1The RIEK is the potassium removal amount of each formed ton of harvested crops, and the HIK is the ratio of the potassium removal amount of the harvested crops to the total potassium removal amount of the crops;
C2the straw removal amount of the crops in the previous season is calculated; c2＝bZ2×RIEK×(1-HIK)×(1-d)，Z2The total yield of the straws of the crops in the previous season, and d is the returning proportion;
when the calculation result of the residual phosphorus effect and the residual potassium effect is a negative value, the calculation result is counted as 0;
s2, determining the watermelon yield of the farmer under the habitual fertilization measure, and further determining the target yield; the target yield T is:
T＝FP×1.05
wherein FP is the watermelon yield of farmers under habitual fertilization measures, and FP is not more than 75 tons per hectare;
s3, judging whether the value of the yield response is known, if so, entering a step S5, otherwise, entering a step S4; wherein the yield reaction is the yield difference between the yield without applying certain nutrient and the yield of the two treatment modes when the nutrient is applied sufficiently;
s4, determining a yield response according to the target yield, and entering the step S5; in particular to a method for preparing a high-performance nano-silver alloy,
s41, judging whether the watermelon planting field has a soil measuring result, if so, entering a step S42, otherwise, entering a step S43;
s42, determining soil nutrient supply grades according to the contents of organic matters, quick-acting nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus and quick-acting potassium in soil determination results, respectively determining corresponding yield reactions according to the soil nutrient supply grades, and entering the step S5;
s43, determining the soil nutrient supply grade according to the soil texture, color and organic matter content information of the field investigation of the watermelon planting field, determining the yield reaction according to the soil nutrient supply grade, and entering the step S5;
wherein the yield reaction Y is:
Y＝cT
wherein c is a yield reaction coefficient, and c is obtained according to the soil nutrient supply grade and comprises a nitrogen yield reaction coefficient, a phosphorus yield reaction coefficient and a potassium yield reaction coefficient;
s5, determining the recommended fertilizing amount during watermelon planting according to the yield reaction and the nutrient residual effect;
wherein the recommended fertilizing amount comprises a recommended nitrogen applying amount, a recommended phosphorus applying amount and a recommended potassium applying amount;
the recommended nitrogen application amount M is as follows:
wherein η is agronomic efficiency, and η ═ 0.069Y2+5.7435Y+0.2236；
The recommended phosphorus application amount N is as follows:
N＝9.4Y+(0.3554T-y1)
the recommended potassium application amount K is as follows:
K＝11.86Y+(02.075T-y2)；
s6, determining a base dressing proportion of fertilization according to the fertilization mode and the recommended fertilization amount selected by the farmer, providing fertilization position recommendation, and completing fertilization recommendation of watermelon planting; the fertilizing mode comprises the steps of applying an elemental fertilizer and applying a compound fertilizer;
when the selected fertilization mode is simple substance fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are applied;
when the nitrogen fertilizer is applied, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied for 2-4 times according to the recommended nitrogen application amount and the watermelon planting soil condition;
when the phosphate fertilizer is applied, all the phosphate fertilizer is applied as a base fertilizer at one time according to the recommended phosphorus application amount;
when the potash fertilizer is applied, the potash fertilizer is applied for 1-3 times according to the recommended potassium application amount;
when the selected fertilizing mode is the compound fertilizer and the farmer determines the selected compound fertilizer, determining the application amount of the base fertilizer and the application amount of the additional fertilizer;
the application amount of the base fertilizer of the compound fertilizer is determined according to the recommended phosphorus application amount and the percentage content of the phosphate fertilizer in the compound fertilizer;
the determination mode of the application amount of the additional fertilizer is as follows:
determining the amount of the topdressing compound fertilizer according to the percentage content of the nitrogen fertilizer in the applied compound fertilizer base fertilizer and the recommended nitrogen application amount; and when the applied top dressing compound fertilizer amount meets the recommended nitrogen application amount, determining and recommending the potassium application amount according to the percentage content of the potassium fertilizer in the compound fertilizer base fertilizer, and determining the amount of the potassium fertilizer applied independently.
2. The fertilization recommendation method for watermelon planting according to claim 1, wherein the fertilization location recommendation in step S6 comprises a fertilization location recommendation for base fertilizer and a fertilization location recommendation for top dressing;
the fertilization positions of the base fertilizer are recommended as follows: broadcasting fertilizer in one week before transplanting, and mixing the fertilizer with a 0-20 cm soil layer by using a rotary cultivator;
the fertilizer application positions of the top dressing are recommended as follows: fertilizing at a position which is 10 cm away from the roots of the watermelon seedlings and 5-10 cm deep, irrigating or flushing the fertilizer after the fertilizer is spread, and regulating nitrogen and potassium by water.
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