CN113099811B - Special fertilizer for regionalized wheat based on QUEFTS model and application method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a special fertilizer for regionalized wheat based on a QUEFTS model and an application method thereof, and provides a special fertilizer for wheat with the characteristics of light simplification, quantification and rationalization and regionalization and an application method thereofThe method is that key parameters such as yield, yield response, relative yield and the like of wheat can be obtained in a complex wheat fertilization system to evaluate the growth environment and soil fertility condition of wheat crops, and the special fertilizer nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) for wheat are quickly and accurately provided ₂ O ₅ ) And potassium (K) ₂ O) nutrient requirement proportion and a corresponding recommended fertilization method. The method is a fertilizer production and reduction technology which effectively improves the yield and the fertilizer utilization rate of wheat crops, reduces environmental pollution, improves soil fertility, is efficient and easy to implement and is widely applicable to environmental protection, and provides technical support for the industrial production of special wheat blended fertilizer and/or special wheat compound fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer with regional characteristics.

Description

Special fertilizer for regionalized wheat based on QUEFTS model and application method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of compound fertilizer production and balanced fertilization, in particular to a fertilizer preparation and application method of a special regional wheat fertilizer based on a QUEFTS model.

Background

The fertilizer is an important guarantee for grain safety, and contributes to grain yield increase by 40-50%. Since the eighties of the last century, the total fertilizer usage amount in China has increased from 1600 ten thousand tons (depreciation) to 5990 ten thousand tons in 2014, which is increased by 270%, and even in the last 10 years, the fertilizer usage amount in China still increases at the rate of 2.7% per year. At present, the fertilizer dosage in unit area cultivated land in China is 329 kg/hectare, which is 2.6 times of that in the United states and 2.5 times of that in the European Union. The utilization rate of fertilizer nutrients in China is low, the utilization rate of a nitrogen fertilizer in season is only 30-35%, and the utilization rate of a phosphate fertilizer is only 10-20%. For a long time, China increases the unit yield by depending on large input of chemical fertilizers, and forms a special production system for high-strength utilization of farmlands in China. Excessive or unreasonable application of the fertilizer can not only not further improve the yield, but also cause resource waste, and the lost nutrients enter the environment and cause serious threat to the ecological environment of the farmland, thereby directly influencing the sustainable utilization of the farmland. Therefore, aiming at the production system with high fertilizer input and high farmland strength utilization which is peculiar in China, the theory, the method and the technical system for scientifically and efficiently utilizing fertilizer resources and establishing high-efficiency fertilization of different crop systems are important for ensuring the continuous high yield of crops and the sustainable utilization of farmlands and protecting the safety of ecological environment.

Wheat is one of the important food crops in China. The annual book of Chinese agriculture shows that the sowing area of wheat in the whole country in 2010 reaches 2350 ten thousand hectares, which accounts for about 10.6 percent of the sowing area of wheat in the world, and plays a very important role in guaranteeing the global grain safety. However, the application of chemical fertilizers by farmers in large quantities for high yield and efficiency, blind over-and unbalanced fertilization, is almost universal, especially in more economically developed areas. Comprehensive survey of nearly ten thousand farmers in the main wheat production area in 2002-. At present, the application of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer is also seriously excessive, and the input amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers is seriously unbalanced, for example, the input amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in a wheat-wheat rotation system in Shandong is 673, 244 and 98kg/ha respectively, and obviously, the result is improved by a higher level than the fertilizing amount in 90 years in the 20 th century. Wheat fertilization is a complex problem. The traditional fertilizing method cannot meet the requirement of high yield of wheat, and excessive and unreasonable application of the fertilizer cannot further improve the yield, causes fertilizer resource waste and influences ecological environment safety. How to scientifically and reasonably prepare fertilizer and recommend fertilization according to different growth periods of wheat by using a model simulation technology is a practical problem which is expected to be solved in the field at present, and a simplified and reasonable fertilizer preparation and recommended fertilization method is provided urgently according to comprehensive scientific evaluation based on a model, considering soil and meteorological conditions and considering both agronomic benefits and environmental benefits.

Researches and researches on crop nutrient management and efficient fertilization at home and abroad, and some recommended fertilization methods are explored, and some methods are used up to now, such as a soil grading method, a target yield method, a fertilizer effect function method and the like. These research methods can be categorized into two broad categories: one is a soil testing and fertilizer recommending method based on soil testing; another type is the recommended method of fertilization based on crop response. These proposed fertilization and nutrient management methods play a positive role in increasing yield and improving nutrient utilization. However, the farmland management mode of the small farmers in China causes great variation of soil nutrients, and the difference of tight stubble planting, soil type, climate and the like is a major challenge to further increase the productivity of intensive wheat crops, specialized fertilizer production and scientific guidance fertilization.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention provides a simplified, quantified and rationalized regional fertilizer special for wheat based on a QUEFTS model and an application method thereof. In a complex wheat fertilization system, the optimal nutrient absorption is estimated by taking 25th, median (50th) and 75th of intrinsic nutrient efficiency as maximum nutrient accumulation boundaries and maximum nutrient dilution boundaries, the basic nutrient supply capacity of soil is estimated by yield reaction and relative yield, and the fertilizer effect is estimated by the agronomic efficiency, so that the special fertilizer for wheat and the corresponding recommended fertilization method are quickly and accurately provided. The method is a fertilizer production and reduction technology which effectively improves the yield and the fertilizer utilization rate of wheat crops, reduces environmental pollution, improves soil fertility, is efficient and easy to implement, is widely applicable to environmental protection, and provides technical support for the factory production of special wheat blended fertilizer (BB fertilizer) and/or special wheat compound fertilizer with regional characteristics.

Note: the definitions or terms of the terms related to the present invention are to be construed as follows:

QUEFTS model: the method is characterized in that the relation between the crop yield and the nutrient absorption of the overground part is analyzed on the basis of applying a large amount of test data, and the relation accords with a linear-parabola-platform function.

Intrinsic nutrient efficiency (Internalefficiency, IE, kg/kg): defined as the yield of grain produced per 1kg of nutrient absorbed, i.e. the ratio of the economic yield to the amount of nutrient absorbed by the overground part.

Nutrient absorption per ton of grain (RIE, kg/t): defined as the nutrient absorbed by the overground parts of the crop producing 1t of kernel, i.e. per ton of grain nutrient absorption.

The yield (atternableyield Ya) was obtained: i.e., the maximum yield obtained under field or test station testing conditions using currently known information technology and advanced management practices while eliminating yield limiting factors (e.g., nutrients, pests, etc.).

Yield Response (YR) is the difference in yield between fertilization and nutrient deficiency treatments. The yield difference between the yield obtained and the yield corresponding to the subtractive treatment is represented by YRN, YRP and YRK for the N-, P-and K-applied yield responses, respectively. YR is the yield increased by fertilization and is one of the important parameters to be considered for balanced fertilization. YR can reflect not only the condition of soil basic nutrient supply but also the condition of fertilization effect.

Relative Yield (RY): defined as the ratio of kernel yield to obtainable yield of a reduced-yield crop. RY is an agronomic parameter calculated based on available yield and yield response.

Agronomic Efficiency (AE): refers to the yield increase of crops by applying a certain nutrient unit. I.e., grain yield increment for crops to which 1kg of certain nutrients was applied, and the agronomic efficiencies of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were expressed as AEN, AEP and AEK, respectively. Agronomic efficiency reflects fertilizer effect.

And (3) supplying basic nutrients of soil: is defined as the ability of the soil to supply certain nutrients in the soil without applying them, but with other nutrients being sufficiently supplied. Soil foundation N, P and K nutrient supply are indicated by INS, IPS and IKS, respectively.

The data sources of the invention are as follows:

the data are from publicly published literature and China department of project database of International plant Nutrition research institute. The method comprises the steps of collecting 2000-year 2015-year wheat field test data, wherein the data comprise parameters such as wheat yield, nutrient absorption of the overground part N, P, K, harvest index, fertilizer application amount and the like, and mainly comprise northChina, the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river, the southwest, the northeast and the northwest regions, and wheat (winter wheat and spring wheat) planting regions in China are basically covered. The specific test treatment comprises farmer's habitual fertilization treatment (FP), optimized nutrient management treatment (OPT), nutrient reduction test, long-term positioning test, fertilizer level test and the like under different soil types and climatic conditions.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a special fertilizer preparation method for regionalized wheat based on a QUEFTS model comprises the following steps:

(1) applying a QUEFTS model to fit optimal nutrient demand curves of the overground part N, P and the overground part K of the wheat for different potential yields and target yields, and obtaining intrinsic nutrient efficiency (IE) of the wheat and nutrient absorption (RIE) parameters of each ton of grains through the nutrient absorption and grain yield of the overground part N, P, K corresponding to the straight line part of the optimal nutrient absorption curve of the overground part, wherein the parameters are shown in the attached figure 1;

the potential yield of wheat is 14000kg/hm by applying the QUEFTS model ² The Intrinsic Efficiency (IE) of the wheat nutrients and the nutrient absorption (RIE) per ton of grain obtained from the curve of the optimal nutrient demand of the overground part under different target yields are shown in the table 1-1;

TABLE 1-1

(2) According to step (1) Table 1-1, with a potential yield of 14000kg/hm ² Setting the maximum target yield value corresponding to the linear part of the optimal nutrient demand curve of the underground part as the available yield (Ya) of wheat, wherein the maximum target yield value is 7.0t/hm ² ；

(3) Calculating the nutrient absorption amount of the upper part of the wheat under the obtainable yield according to the nutrient absorption (RIE) parameters of the ton grain corresponding to the linear part obtained in the table 1-1 in the step (1) and the obtainable yield in the step (2), namely: nutrient absorption capacity of overground part (kg/hm) ² )＝Ya(t/hm ² )×RIE(kg/1t)；

The nutrient absorption amount of the above-ground part N, P and K corresponding to the wheat yield is 177.5kg/hm ² 、 33.5kg/hm ² 、136.2kg/hm ² ；

The calculation results of the total nutrient absorption amount of the overground part corresponding to the wheat under the available yield are summarized in tables 1-2;

tables 1 to 2

(4) Determining grades of basic soil nutrients N, P and K supply capacity according to relative yields (RYN, RYP and RYK) corresponding to 25th, median and 75th of relative yields of wheat N, P and K nutrients, and combining step (1) of absorbing RIE (reactive ion exchange) of the grain-based nutrients and step (2) of obtaining yield Ya to obtain INS, IPS and IKS of corresponding grades of basic soil nutrient supply, namely: IS ═ Ya × RY × RIE;

wherein, the supply capacity grades of the soil basic nutrients N, P and K are divided into low, medium and high grades according to RYN, RYP and RYK corresponding to 25th, medium value and 75th of the relative yield of wheat N, P and K nutrients;

the wheat was not subjected to N, P and K relative yield frequency profiles, shown in FIG. 2;

the relationship between the wheat yield reduction treatment yield and the obtainable yield is shown in figure 3;

the results of the rating of the RYN, RYP and RYK for 25th, median and 75th relative yields of N, P and K nutrients (minus treatment) on wheat and the rating of the supply capacity of the soil base nutrients N, P and K according to the rating of RYN, RYP and RYK for 25th, median and 75th relative yields of N, P and K nutrients on wheat are summarized in tables 1-3;

tables 1 to 3

INS, IPS and IKS of soil basic nutrients corresponding to 25th, median and 75th relative yields of wheat N, P and K nutrients are obtained according to 25th, median and 75th relative yields of wheat N, P and K nutrients, RY corresponding to the median and 75th relative yields of wheat and K nutrients, RIE in the step (1) and Ya in the step (2), namely: IS ═ Ya × RY × RIE;

wherein: INS (kg/hm) ² )＝Ya×RYN×(RIE-N)，IPS(kg/hm ² )＝Ya×RYP×(RIE-P)，IKS(kg/hm ² )＝Ya×RYK×(RIE-K)；

The INS, IPS and IKS calculation results of soil basic nutrients of grades corresponding to 25th, median and 75th relative yields of the wheat N, P and K nutrients are summarized in tables 1-4;

1-4

(5) determining N, P and K nutrient supply amount which should be provided by the fertilizer in the whole growth period of the wheat by adopting a nutrient balance method according to the above-ground N, P and K nutrient absorption amount corresponding to the obtained yield obtained in the step (3) and the step (4) and INS, IPS and IKS data of basic nutrient supply of soil;

the supply of the fertilizer N, P and K nutrients in the whole growth period of the wheat (kg/hm) ² ) Equal to the total amount of absorbed nutrients N, P and K on the wheat ground minus the amount of basic nutrients N, P and K supplied to the soil,

namely: supply of N to N _{Above ground} INS for supplying P to P _{Above ground} IPS, fertilizer K for K ═ K _{Above ground} ─IKS；

The calculation results of the nutrient supply amounts of the fertilizer N, P and K in the whole growth period of the wheat are summarized in tables 1-5;

tables 1 to 5

(6) Converting the nutrient ratio of N to P and N/N to P/N to K/N between N, P and K nutrients to be provided by the fertilizer in the whole growth period of the wheat according to N, P and K nutrient supply amount to be provided by the fertilizer in the whole growth period of the wheat obtained in the step (5);

the nutrient ratio of N/N, P/N, K/N of the fertilizer in the whole growth period of the wheat is converted by taking N nutrient as a standard;

the nutrient ratio of N to P to K provided by the fertilizer in the whole growth period of wheat and the result of the ratio of N to P/N to K/N converted by taking N nutrient as a standard are summarized in tables 1-6;

tables 1 to 6

(7) According to the nutrient ratio of N to P to K and N/N to P/N to K/N provided by the fertilizer in the whole growth period of the wheat obtained in the step (6) in the tables 1-6, the nutrient ratio of N to P to K and N/N to P/N to K/N provided by the fertilizer in the whole growth period of the wheat is adjusted according to the current utilization rate of the fertilizer and fertilization measures;

further, the specific adjusting step in step (7) is as follows:

(7.1) adjustment according to the season utilization

The season utilization of the fertilizer N, P and K nutrients: n30-35%, P10-25%, K30-45%; in the invention, the mutual synergistic effect of nutrients is considered, and the supply amounts of the fertilizer basis N, P and the K nutrients are respectively adjusted according to the season utilization rate of 35%, 25% and 45%; the adjusted N is P, K and N are 35 percent, P, 25 percent, K and 45 percent, N, P, N, K and N are 35 percent, N is 35 percent, P is 35 percent, N is 25 percent, K is 35 percent, K is 45 percent, N is 1, P is 35 percent, N is 25 percent, K is 35 percent, K is 45 percent, N is 35 percent, N is 45 percent;

the results of the N/N to P/N to K/N nutrient ratio after the supply of the fertilizer basis N, P and the K nutrient in the whole growth period of the wheat is adjusted according to the utilization rate of the season are summarized in tables 1-7;

tables 1 to 7

(7.2) adjustment according to fertilization measures

The adjustment according to the fertilization measure means that in the key period of the growth of the wheat crops, the fertilizer is applied in a fractional manner by adopting a proper fertilizer basis N, P and K nutrient distribution proportion; the growth period of wheat includes seedling emergence to jointing stage, jointing to heading stage and heading to mature stage. From the fertilization perspective, the key growth periods of winter wheat are divided into early winter period, green turning to jointing period and jointing to mature period. The wheat in three periods has the demand ratio of N element of about 20% to 25% to 55%, the demand ratio of P element of about 15% to 70%, and the demand ratio of K element of about 17.5% to 16% to 66.5%.

The fertilizer obtained after the fertilizer is adjusted according to the fertilizing measure on the basis of the step (7.1) is generally called as a special fertilizer for wheat; the special fertilizer for wheat is respectively composed of a special basal fertilizer, a green turning fertilizer and a jointing fertilizer;

the supply amount of the basic N, P and K nutrients of the wheat-based special fertilizer, the green turning and body-building fertilizer and the jointing fertilizer is distributed according to the total amount of basic N, P and K nutrients provided by the wheat-based special fertilizer in the whole growth period of the corresponding wheat. The allocation principle is as follows:

the special fertilizer N for wheat is respectively provided by a base fertilizer special fertilizer, a turning green rising fertilizer and a jointing fertilizer, and the proportion of the fertilizer is 20 percent to 25 percent to 55 percent, wherein: the special fertilizer N for wheat basal application accounts for 20% of the total N, the striking-off and self-raising fertilizer N accounts for 25% of the total N, and the jointing fertilizer N accounts for 55% of the total N;

the special fertilizer P for wheat is provided by a base fertilizer special fertilizer, a green turning up fertilizer and a jointing fertilizer respectively, and the proportion of the fertilizer is 15 percent, 15 percent and 70 percent, wherein: the special fertilizer P for wheat basal application accounts for 15% of the total P, the turning green and body-building fertilizer P accounts for 15% of the total P, and the jointing fertilizer P accounts for 70% of the total P;

the special fertilizer K for wheat is provided by a base fertilizer special fertilizer, a green turning up fertilizer and a jointing fertilizer respectively, and the proportion of the fertilizer K is 17.5%, 16% and 66.5%, wherein: the special fertilizer K for wheat basal application accounts for 17.5 percent of the total K, the striking root fertilizer K accounts for 16 percent of the total K, and the jointing fertilizer K accounts for 66.5 percent of the total K;

the nutrition proportion results of the special fertilizer base N, P for wheat and the K nutrient supply amount distributed and adjusted according to the fertilization measures are summarized in tables 1-8, tables 1-9 and tables 1-10, wherein the proportions of the special fertilizer base for wheat, the green turning fertilizer and the jointing fertilizer are N/N, P/N and K/N. Wherein:

tables 1-8 show the results of the N: P: K and N/N: P/N: K/N nutrient ratios of the wheat basal fertilizer base N, P and the K nutrient after the adjustment of the distribution according to the fertilization measures.

Tables 1 to 8

Tables 1-9 show the results of the N: P: K and N/N: P/N: K/N nutrient ratio after the wheat turning green and body-building fertilizer basis N, P and K nutrients are distributed and adjusted according to the fertilization measures.

Tables 1 to 9

The tables 1-10 show the N: P: K and N/N: P/N: K/N nutrient ratio results of the wheat jointing fertilizer base N, P and the K nutrient after the adjustment according to the fertilization measure distribution.

Tables 1 to 10

(8) Respectively preparing and producing a special wheat bulk blending fertilizer (BB fertilizer) and/or a compound fertilizer according to the nutrient ratio of N/N to P/N to K/N of the special wheat fertilizer obtained by adjusting the nutrient ratio of the special wheat fertilizer according to the fertilization measures in the steps (7) (7.2) from the tables 1 to 8, from the tables 1 to 9 and from the tables 1 to 10;

the special bulk blending fertilizer (BB fertilizer) and/or compound fertilizer for wheat are special fertilizer for wheat basal application, green turning and body building fertilizer and jointing fertilizer;

further, the specific preparation steps of the step (8) are as follows:

(8.1) according to (7.2) tables 1-8 and tables 1-9 tables 1-10, the N/N: P/N: K/N nutrient ratio after the fertilizer application measures are adjusted is converted into the special wheat fertilizer N: P ₂ O ₅ :K ₂ Proportioning nutrients O;

the special fertilizer for basal application of wheat, the turning green and the promoting fertilizer and the jointing fertilizer are converted into N: P ₂ O ₅ :K ₂ The results of the nutrient O ratios are summarized in tables 1-11, tables 1-12 and tables 1-13.

Tables 1 to 11

Tables 1 to 12

Tables 1 to 13

(8.2) wheat basal application special fertilizer, green turning and body-building fertilizer and jointing fertilizer N: P according to (8.1) table 1-11, table 1-12 and table 1-13 ₂ O ₅ :K ₂ The proportion of the O nutrient is determined according to the GB15063-2001 compound fertilizer (compound fertilizer) standard, and the total nutrient content (%) and the corresponding N-P of the special mixed fertilizer (BB fertilizer) and/or the compound fertilizer for wheat are respectively determined ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ Carrying out fertilizer preparation production after the grade of O;

the invention also provides a regional wheat special fertilizer application method based on the QUEFTS model, which is a recommended fertilizer application method based on yield response and agronomic efficiency, and comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: determining soil foundation N, P and K nutrient supply grade according to the annual average yield of wheat crops in a wheat planting area;

the soil basic nutrient supply grades are divided according to the grades of low-fertility soil, medium-fertility soil and high-fertility soil; wherein, the low fertility soil is a field of which the average yield of the crops in the past 5 years is less than 25% of the national field, the high fertility soil is a field of which the average yield of the crops in the past 5 years is more than 75% of the national field, and the medium fertility soil is a field of which the average yield of the crops in the past 5 years is between 25% and 75%;

the soil basis N, P and K nutrient supply grades and corresponding evaluation methods of the wheat planting areas are summarized in Table 2-1.

TABLE 2-1

Step two: determining the corresponding special fertilizer N: P for the wheat according to the soil foundation N, P and the K nutrient supply grade of the corresponding planting area of the wheat crop in the step I and the wheat variety of the corresponding planting area ₂ O ₅ :K ₂ Proportioning nutrients O;

the fertilizer N: P special for wheat ₂ O ₅ :K ₂ The proportion of the O nutrient is that the special fertilizer N to P for wheat in the table 1-11, the table 1-12 and the table 1-13 of (8.1) the method for preparing the special fertilizer for regionalized wheat based on the QUEFTS model ₂ O ₅ :K ₂ The proportion of the O nutrient is required, and the fertilizer is prepared according to the (8.2) of the regional fertilizer preparation method for wheat based on the QUEFTS model;

step three: determining the obtainable yield (Ya) according to the annual average yield of the wheat crops corresponding to the growth environment risk level of the wheat planting area’)；

The growth environment risk level is evaluated according to local climate conditions and field soil conditions;

the local climate conditions are the frequency of natural disasters such as drought, low temperature and frost; the condition of the field soil is whether barrier factors exist in the test field soil, and the barrier factors refer to that the soil is any one of saline soil, peat soil and acidic sulfate soil;

the growth environment risk grade is divided into a high risk growth environment, a medium risk growth environment and a low risk growth environment;

the high-risk growth environment is soil with local natural disaster occurrence frequency more than or equal to 3 times per two years or soil condition of the field is obstacle soil, the medium-risk growth environment is soil with local natural disaster occurrence frequency more than or equal to 2 times per two years or soil layer thickness of the field is shallow, the low-risk growth environment is soil with local natural disaster occurrence frequency less than or equal to 1 time per two years, and the field is free of obstacle factors;

said obtainable yield (Ya)’) According to the growth ring of wheat cropsEvaluating the environmental risk grade;

the yield obtained in the high-risk growth environment is equal to the average local wheat yield of 5-10 years;

the yield of the medium risk growing environment is increased by 0.5t/hm on the basis of equal to the local previous wheat average yield of 5-10 years ² ；

The low risk growth environment can obtain 1.0t/hm increased yield based on the local previous wheat average yield of 5-10 years ² 。

The local average wheat yield of 5 to 10 years, preferably 5 years.

The wheat crop can obtain the yield (Ya)’) The results of the yields obtained after evaluation according to the growth environment risk rating are summarized in Table 2-2.

Tables 2 to 2

Step four: the obtainable yield (Ya) according to step three’) Determining a nitrogen application Yield Response (YRN) for the respective wheat crop with respect to the wheat crop variety in the respective planting area;

the wheat crop nitrogen application yield response YRN is calculated from equation 1:

YRN(t/hm ² )＝Ya’x k formula 1

Wherein k is a nitrogen-applying yield reaction coefficient;

the nitrogen application yield reaction coefficient (k) of the wheat crop in the corresponding planting area is calculated according to a nitrogen Relative Yield (RYN) of the wheat crop corresponding to the soil basic nutrient supply grade of the wheat crop in the corresponding planting area by a formula 2:

k 1-RYN formula 2

Wherein RYN is the nitrogen relative yield, i.e. the ratio of the grain yield of wheat crops without nitrogen treatment to the obtainable yield; the relative nitrogen yield (RYN) of wheat is given in the aforementioned "a localized wheat-specific fertilization method based on the QUEFTS model" (4) tables 1-3;

the calculation results of the nitrogen application yield reaction coefficient (k) corresponding to the soil basic nutrient supply grade of the corresponding wheat planting area are summarized in tables 2-3.

Tables 2 to 3

Step five: determining the nitrogen Agronomic Efficiency (AEN) of the corresponding wheat crop according to the nitrogen application Yield Response (YRN) of the wheat crop in the corresponding planting area obtained in the step four;

a remarkable quadratic curve relationship exists between the nitrogen application yield reaction and the nitrogen agronomic efficiency of the wheat crops; FIG. 4 shows the relationship between the nitrogen application yield response of wheat and the nitrogen agronomic efficiency;

fitting a binomial relation curve between the nitrogen agronomic efficiency of the wheat crops and the nitrogen application yield reaction to obtain a one-dimensional quadratic equation relation between the nitrogen agronomic efficiency of the wheat crops and the nitrogen application yield reaction of the wheat crops, namely calculating the nitrogen Agronomic Efficiency (AEN) of the wheat crops by a formula 3:

AEN(kg/kg)＝a×(YRN) ² + b × (YRN) + c formula 3

Wherein, a is a quadratic term coefficient, b is a primary term coefficient, and c is a constant term;

numerical values of binomial coefficients a, b and c in the binomial formula between the nitrogen agronomic efficiency and the nitrogen application yield reaction of the wheat crops are obtained by fitting a binomial curve of the previous test data of the wheat;

the wheat binomial coefficients (a, b, c): a is-0.2406, b is 3.985, c is 4.9974;

the numerical values of binomial coefficients (a, b and c) in the binomial formula of the nitrogen fertilizer Agronomic Efficiency (AEN) of the wheat are summarized in 2-4;

tables 2 to 4

Step six: determining the total nitrogen application amount N of the wheat crops in the corresponding planting areas in the whole growth period according to the nitrogen application Yield Reaction (YRN) of the wheat crops in the corresponding planting areas in the step four and the nitrogen Agronomic Efficiency (AEN) of the wheat crops in the corresponding planting areas in the step five _{General (1)} ；

The total nitrogen application amount of the wheat crops in the corresponding planting areas of the wheat crops is calculated by a formula 4:

N _{general assembly} (kg/hm ² )＝YRN(t/hm ² ) X 1000/AEN (kg/kg) formula 4

Wherein N is _{General (1)} YRN is nitrogen application yield reaction and AEN is nitrogen agronomic efficiency;

step seven: according to the 'special fertilizer preparation method for regionalized wheat based on QUEFTS model' (7.2) and the total nitrogen application amount N in the whole growth period of the wheat crops in the corresponding planting regions obtained in the sixth step _{General (1)} Determining N provided by the special wheat fertilizer in the two corresponding planting areas in the step (2) to account for the total nitrogen application amount N _{General assembly} Percent m (%);

the total nitrogen application amount in the whole growth period of the wheat crop is the special wheat base application fertilizer N + the wheat reviving and turning-up fertilizer N + the wheat pulling and saving fertilizer N;

the total nitrogen application amount in the whole growth period of the wheat is provided by a base application special fertilizer N, a turning green rising fertilizer N and a jointing fertilizer N, the proportion of the base application special fertilizer N, the turning green rising fertilizer N and the spike fertilizer N is 20 percent to 25 percent to 55 percent, wherein: the special fertilizer N for basal application of wheat accounts for 20 percent of the total amount of the applied N, the turning green and turning up fertilizer N for wheat accounts for 25 percent of the total amount of the applied N, and the turning green and turning up fertilizer N for wheat accounts for 55 percent of the total amount of the applied N;

step eight: according to the 'regional special fertilizer preparation method for wheat based on QUEFTS model' (8.2), the special bulk blending fertilizer (BB fertilizer) and/or compound fertilizer N-P for wheat ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ The concentration w (%) of N nutrient in O grade and the total nitrogen (N) applying amount N in the whole growth period of the wheat crop in the planting area corresponding to the six steps _{General assembly} (kg/hm ² ) Corresponding to the size of planting area in step sevenDetermining the recommended application amount of the special wheat fertilizer in the corresponding planting area according to the percentage m (%) of the special wheat fertilizer N in the total nitrogen application amount;

the recommended application amount of the special wheat blended fertilizer (BB fertilizer) and/or the compound fertilizer is calculated by a formula 5:

recommended application amount (kg/hm) of special fertilizer for wheat ² )＝N _{General assembly} (kg/hm ² ) X m (%)/w (%) formula 5

Wherein m (%) is the percentage of the special bulk blending fertilizer (BB fertilizer) and/or compound fertilizer N in the total nitrogen application amount, and w (%) is the special bulk blending fertilizer (BB fertilizer) and/or compound fertilizer N-P ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ N nutrient concentration (%) in O grade;

furthermore, the recommended application amount of the special wheat-based fertilizer is N _{General assembly} (kg/hm ² ) X 20%/w (%), recommended application amount of the wheat turning green and body-building fertilizer is N _{General (1)} (kg/hm ² ) X 25%/w (%), recommended application amount of the wheat harvest fertilizer is N _{General assembly} (kg/hm ² )×55％/w(％)。

Through above-mentioned technical scheme, compare with prior art, have following advantage and beneficial effect:

1) the QUEFTS model is applicable to different wheat varieties. The yield and nutrient absorption of current high-yield wheat varieties are greatly different, the QUEFTS model can be used for testing the yield and nutrient internal efficiency of different varieties under the same processing condition, the lower yield and nutrient internal efficiency of some varieties means that more fertilizer input is needed to reach the target yield, and the analysis not only is beneficial to screening high-yield and high-efficiency varieties, but also provides an application basis for balanced fertilization of wheat and specialization of fertilizer production.

2) The QUEFTS model simulates an optimal nutrient absorption curve, and verification of the QUEFTS model can provide suggestions for decision makers, customize the basic nutrient proportion of regional special fertilizers, and improve nutrient management measures such as fertilizing amount, fertilizing time, fertilizing proportion and the like so as to achieve the purposes of high yield and high efficiency.

3) The method for estimating the nutrient absorption of wheat by using the QUEFTS model has the advantages that the optimal nutrient absorption is estimated by using a large amount of field test data, and the estimation result cannot be deviated by individual or few test points, so that the method has universal significance. Most importantly, the model considers the interaction between N, P and K macronutrient elements.

4) A special fertilizer for regionalized wheat based on a QUEFTS model is prepared from nutrients from other sources except soil, such as crop rotation system, straw returning, nutrient residual effect of crops in the previous season, organic fertilizer application, atmospheric sedimentation, irrigation water and the like. For wheat fertilizer preparation, the nutrient amount required by crop yield reaction and the nutrient amount required by supplement of the aboveground removal amount of crops are calculated. And (3) recommending wheat fertilization, obtaining the fertilizer according to the correlation between the agronomic efficiency and the yield response of the crops, and properly adjusting the fertilizer according to the specific information of the land parcel and the classification of the basic nutrient supply capacity of the soil.

5) The 'regionalized wheat special fertilizer preparation and application method based on the QUEFTS model' conforms to the 4R principle, namely, a proper fertilizer type is selected, and a proper amount is used to be applied to a proper position at a proper time so as to meet the nutrient requirement of crops and achieve supply and demand synchronization.

6) A regional fertilizer preparation and application method special for wheat based on a QUEFTS model is characterized in that a database containing crop yield reaction, agronomic efficiency and nutrient absorption and utilization information is established on the basis of summarizing fertilizer field experiments conducted nationwide in the last decade, and a fertilizer preparation and application method special for wheat crops and a recommended application method are established according to the internal relation of soil basic nutrient supply, crop yield reaction and agronomic efficiency and the optimal nutrient absorption and utilization characteristic parameters of crops with general guiding significance.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a curve of the optimal nutrient demand of the wheat aboveground part under different yield potentials fitted by a QUEFTS model, and YA, YD and YU are respectively the maximum accumulation boundary, the maximum dilution boundary and the optimal nutrient absorption curve of the aboveground part

FIG. 2 is a histogram of wheat no N, P and K relative yield;

FIG. 3 is a graph of the relationship between the yield of the wheat after treating the wheat with the nutrient and the yield obtainable

FIG. 4 is a graph of the secondary curve of the nitrogen application yield response of wheat and the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

Special bulk blending fertilizer (BB fertilizer) and/or compound fertilizer for wheat and application method thereof

The planting method is carried out in the original yang base of Henan province in 2013-2015, and the planting system is wheat-corn rotation.

The average yield of the test site in the last 5 years is between 25% and 75% of the wheat growing area yield of the whole country, so the soil fertility grade of the test site is medium fertility soil.

The test sites are high fertility soils, as shown in tables 1-11, tables 1-12, and tables 1-13: the fertilizer special for wheat basal application is N: P ₂ O ₅ :K ₂ Mixing with 1.00:0.19:0.21 of O, and adding N: P as the wheat reviving and getting-up fertilizer ₂ O ₅ :K ₂ Mixing the fertilizer with 1.00:0.15:0.15 percent of O, and adding the wheat straw fertilizer according to the ratio of N to P ₂ O ₅ :K ₂ And (4) preparing the fertilizer when O is 1.00:0.32: 0.29.

Wheat of test station year after yearYield situation and natural climate conditions of (c): the annual average yield level of the wheat is 10t/hm ² The frequency of natural disasters in the field is less than or equal to 1 time every two years, the soil of the field has no barrier factors, the natural climate condition is a low-risk growth environment, and the yield (Ya) can be obtained’) For increasing 1.0t/hm on the basis of the local previous 5-year wheat average yield level ² I.e. the obtainable yield Ya of wheat’(t/hm ² )＝10t/hm ² +1t/hm ² ＝11t/hm ² 。

The nitrogen application Yield Response (YRN) for wheat crops at the test site is given by the formula: YRN (t/hm) ² )＝Ya’(t/hm ² ) X k, where the nitrogen yield response coefficient (k) is calculated from the formula: k is calculated from 1 to RYN; the nitrogen relative yield of wheat crops for medium fertility soil basal nutrient supply grades is given in tables 2-3, where RYN-0.73, k-1-RYN-1-0.73-0.27, i.e.:

nitrogen application yield reaction YRN ═ Ya for wheat crops’(t/hm ² )×k＝11t/hm ² ×0.27＝2.97t/hm ² ；

The agronomic nitrogen efficiency (AEN) of wheat crops at the test sites is given by the formula AEN (kg/kg) ═ a × (YRN) ² + b × (YRN) + c. Wherein a is a quadratic coefficient, b is a first order coefficient, c is a constant term, as given in tables 2-4, wherein the wheat binomial coefficients (a, b, c) are: a-0.2406, b-3.985, c-4.9974. Namely:

wheat AEN (kg/kg) ═ 0.2406X 2.97 ² +3.985×2.97+4.9974＝14.71(kg/kg)；

1. Special mixed fertilizer (BB fertilizer) and/or compound fertilizer preparation method (based on dry base fertilizer per ton) for wheat

The total nutrient concentration (%) of the special fertilizer for wheat is prepared and produced according to 45%.

According to the N-P in the GB15063-2001 compound fertilizer (compound fertilizer) standard ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ The requirement of O grade is that the special fertilizer for wheat basal application is N: P ₂ O ₅ :K ₂ 1.00:0.19:0.21 percent of O and P as a wheat reviving and body-building fertilizer ₂ O ₅ :K ₂ O1.00: 0.15:0.15 and wheat jointing fertilizer N: P ₂ O ₅ :K ₂ 1.00:0.32:0.29, by the formula N-P ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ O (total nitrogen-effective phosphorus pentoxide-potassium oxide) sequence, the wheat base application special fertilizer formula (grade) is N-P ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ O is 32.17-6.08-6.76, the wheat striking root fertilizer formula (grade) is N-P ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ O is 34.49-5.21-5.30, and the formula (grade) of wheat leaf-stalk fertilizer is N-P ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ O-27.94-8.96-8.11. The raw materials and the dosage of the special fertilizer for each ton of wheat are summarized in table 1.

TABLE 1

Raw materials	Fertilizer (kg) specially for basal application	Turning green and getting up fertilizer	Fertilizer for removing acantha
				Urea (containing N46%)	667.00	722.07	559.73
Monoammonium phosphate (containing P) 2 O 5 45％，N11％)	135.05	115.84	199.03
				Potassium chloride (containing K) 2 O 6 0％)	112.59	88.29	135.11
Filler material	85.36	73.79	106.13
				Total up to	1000.00	1000.00	1000.00

1.1 wheat basal application special bulk blending fertilizer (BB fertilizer) and/or special compound fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer production (calculated according to dry basal fertilizer per ton)

(1) Wheat basal application special-purpose bulk blending fertilizer (BB fertilizer)

667.00kg of granular urea, 135.05kg of monoammonium phosphate, 112.59kg of potassium chloride and 85.36kg of filler are weighed, fully and uniformly mixed in an asymmetric double-helix mixer, and are conveyed into a metering package by a belt conveyor to obtain the special bulk blended fertilizer (BB fertilizer) for wheat-based fertilization.

(2) Special compound fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer for wheat

667.00kg of urea, 135.05kg of monoammonium phosphate, 112.59kg of potassium chloride and 85.36kg of filler are weighed, fully and uniformly mixed in an asymmetric double-helix mixer, sent into a granulator (both a disc granulator and a drum granulator) by a belt conveyor for granulation, and then dried, cooled, screened, metered and packaged to obtain the special compound fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer for wheat base fertilization.

1.2 wheat turning green and rising special bulk blending fertilizer (BB fertilizer) and/or special compound fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer production (calculated according to dry base fertilizer per ton)

(1) 722.07kg of granular urea, 115.84kg of monoammonium phosphate, 88.29kg of potassium chloride and 73.79kg of filler are weighed, fully and uniformly mixed in an asymmetric double-helix mixer, and are conveyed into a metering package by a belt conveyor to obtain the special bulk blending fertilizer (BB fertilizer) for turning green and getting up of wheat.

(2) Special compound fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer for wheat

722.07kg of urea, 115.84kg of monoammonium phosphate, 88.29kg of potassium chloride and 73.79kg of filler are weighed, fully and uniformly mixed in an asymmetric double-helix mixer, sent into a granulator (both a disc granulator and a drum granulator) by a belt conveyor for granulation, and then dried, cooled, screened, metered and packaged to obtain the special compound fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer for turning green and turning up wheat.

1.3 production of bulk blending fertilizer (BB fertilizer) and/or special compound fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer (calculated on per ton of dry basis fertilizer) for wheat jointing

(1) 559.73kg of granular urea, 199.03kg of monoammonium phosphate, 135.11kg of potassium chloride and 106.13kg of filler are weighed, fully and uniformly mixed in an asymmetric double-helix mixer, and are conveyed into a metering package by a belt conveyor, so that the special wheat-joint bulk blended fertilizer (BB fertilizer) is obtained.

(2) Special compound fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer for wheat

559.73kg of urea, 199.03kg of monoammonium phosphate, 135.11kg of potassium chloride and 106.13kg of filler are weighed, fully and uniformly mixed in an asymmetric double-helix mixer, sent into a granulator (both a disc granulator and a drum granulator) by a belt conveyor for granulation, and then dried, cooled, screened, metered and packaged to obtain the special compound fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer for wheat jointing.

2. Special bulk blending fertilizer (BB fertilizer) and/or compound fertilizer for wheat and/or recommended application rate of compound fertilizer

The application amount of the special fertilizer for wheat is converted by taking the total nitrogen application amount of the wheat in the whole growth period as a standard, and the method comprises the following specific steps:

(1) total nitrogen application amount of wheat crop in whole growth period

The total nitrogen application amount of the wheat in the whole growth period is determined according to the nitrogen application Yield Reaction (YRN) of the wheat crops in the corresponding planting areas and the nitrogen Agronomic Efficiency (AEN) of the wheat crops in the corresponding planting areas. From the formula N _{General (1)} (kg/hm ² )＝YRN (t/hm ² ) X 1000/AEN (kg/kg). Wherein: wheat nitrogen application yield reaction YRN ═ 2.97t/hm ² Nitrogen agronomic efficiency of wheatAEN ═ 14.71 (kg/kg). Namely:

wheat N _{General assembly} (kg/hm ² )＝2.97(t/hm ² )×1000/14.71(kg/kg)＝201.90kgN/hm ²

(2) Special bulk blending fertilizer (BB fertilizer) and/or compound fertilizer for wheat and/or recommended application rate of compound fertilizer

The total nitrogen application amount in the whole growth period of the wheat is provided by a base application special fertilizer N, a turning green rising fertilizer N and a jointing fertilizer N, the proportion of the base application special fertilizer N, the turning green rising fertilizer N and the spike fertilizer N in the wheat is 20% to 25% to 55%, wherein: the special fertilizer N for basal application of wheat accounts for 20 percent of the total amount of the applied N, the turning green and turning up fertilizer N for wheat accounts for 25 percent of the total amount of the applied N, and the turning green and turning up fertilizer N for wheat accounts for 55 percent of the total amount of the applied N; the matched formula (grade) of the special fertilizer for wheat basal application is N-P ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ O32.17-6.08-6.76, w (%) -32.17%; the wheat turning-green and getting-up fertilizer has a matching formula (grade) of N-P ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ O ═ 34.49-5.21-5.30, w (%) -34.49%; the wheat jointing fertilizer has the formula (grade) of N-P ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ 27.94-8.96-8.11% of O and 27.94% of w. Namely:

special bulk blending fertilizer (BB fertilizer) for wheat basal application and/or compound fertilizer and/or recommended application amount (kg/hm) of compound fertilizer ² ) ＝N _{General (1)} (kg/hm ² )×m(％)/w(％)＝201.90kg/hm ² ×20％/32.17％＝125.52kg/hm ²

Recommended application amount (kg/hm) of special bulk blending fertilizer (BB fertilizer) and/or compound fertilizer for turning green and getting up of wheat ² )＝N _{General assembly} (kg/hm ² )×m(％)/w(％)＝201.90kg/hm ² ×25％/34.49％＝146.35kg/hm ²

Special bulk blending fertilizer (BB fertilizer) for wheat basal application and/or compound fertilizer and/or recommended application amount (kg/hm) of compound fertilizer ² ) ＝N _{General assembly} (kg/hm ² )×m(％)/w(％)＝201.90kg/hm ² ×55％/27.94％＝397.44kg/hm ²

3. Effects of the embodiments

This example field trial set up two control treatments for comparison with the inventionThe method is compared, and the specific treatment is as follows: CK (no nitrogenous fertilizer treatment) and FP (high nitrogenous fertilizer treatment). Wherein the dosage of the nitrogen fertilizer for the FP treatment of the wheat is 280.41kgN/hm ² Phosphorus (P) ₂ O ₅ ) Potassium (K) ₂ O) fertilizer application amount is the same as that of the special fertilizer for wheat.

The results of the annual total yield and the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer of each wheat treatment are summarized in table 2.

TABLE 2

As can be seen from Table 2, the total yield of wheat is increased by 27.1% by applying the special fertilizer for wheat of the present invention compared with the treatment without applying nitrogen fertilizer. Compared with high nitrogen fertilizer treatment, under the condition of reducing the nitrogen fertilizer dosage by 28.0 percent, the total wheat yield and the high nitrogen fertilizer treatment yield are basically equal without obvious difference by applying the method.

Compared with the high nitrogen fertilizer treatment, the special wheat fertilizer has the advantages that the difference of the total nitrogen accumulation amount of the upper part of the wheat is not obvious, but the application of the special wheat fertilizer enables the agronomic utilization rate and the apparent utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer of the wheat to be obviously higher than those of the high nitrogen fertilizer treatment. Compared with high nitrogen fertilizer treatment, the application of the special wheat fertilizer can respectively improve the agronomic utilization rate and the apparent utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer of the wheat by 3.42kg/kg and 14.5 percent.

The results show that the special fertilizer for wheat can keep the high yield of wheat under the precondition of obviously reducing the using amount of nitrogen, and obviously improve the agronomic utilization rate and the apparent utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer for wheat.

The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (4)

1. A special fertilizer preparation method for regionalized wheat based on a QUEFTS model is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) fitting N, P and K optimal nutrient demand curves of the overground part of the wheat under different potential yields and target yields by applying a QUEFTS model, and obtaining the intrinsic efficiency IE of the wheat nutrient and the RIE (reactive ion etching) parameter of the tonnage grain nutrient absorption through the overground part N, P, K nutrient absorption and grain yield corresponding to the straight line part of the overground part optimal nutrient absorption curve;

(2) setting the value of the maximum target yield corresponding to the linear part of the curve of the demand of the optimal nutrients on the overground part under the potential yield in the step (1) as the obtainable yield Ya of wheat;

(3) obtaining the nutrient absorption amount of the upper part of the yield Ya under the ground of the wheat according to the yield Ya obtained in the step (2) and the corresponding ton grain nutrient absorption RIE parameters of the straight line part in the step (1),

namely: nutrient absorption capacity (kg/hm) of overground part ² )＝Ya(t/hm ² )×RIE(kg/1t)；

(4) Determining grades of basic soil nutrients N, P and K supply capacity according to RYN, RYP and RYK corresponding to 25th, median and 75th relative yields of wheat N, P and K nutrients, dividing the grades according to low, medium and high, and combining step (1) and ton grain nutrient absorption RIE and step (2) to obtain yield Ya to obtain INS, IPS and IKS corresponding to grades of basic soil nutrients N, P and K supply, namely: INS ═ Ya × RYN × RIE, IPS ═ Ya × RYP × RIE, IKS ═ Ya × RYK × RIE;

(5) determining N, P and K nutrient supply amount which should be provided by the fertilizer in the whole growth period of the wheat by adopting a nutrient balance method according to the data obtained in the step (3) and the step (4), wherein the N, P and K nutrient supply amount which should be provided by the fertilizer in the whole growth period of the wheat is equal to the total amount of the overground part N, P and the K nutrient absorption of the wheat minus the soil foundation N, P and the K nutrient supply amount,

namely: supply of N to N _{Above ground} INS for supplying P to P _{Above ground} IPS, fertilizer K for K _{Above ground} ─IKS；

(6) Converting the supply amount of N, P and K nutrients which are required to be provided by the fertilizer in the whole growth period of the wheat obtained in the step (5) into the ratio of N to P to K and N/N to P/N to K/N between N, P and K nutrients which are required to be provided by the fertilizer in the whole growth period of the wheat;

(7) according to the nutrient proportion of N: P: K and N/N: P/N: K/N provided by the fertilizer in the whole growth period of the wheat obtained in the step (6), the nutrient proportion of N: P: K and N/N: P/N: K/N provided by the fertilizer required in each stage in the whole growth period of the wheat is adjusted according to the current utilization rate of the fertilizer and the fertilizing measures, and the specific adjustment steps are as follows:

(7.1) adjustment according to the season utilization

Fertilizer basis N, P and K nutrient supply are respectively based on the utilization rate in the season: adjusting N30-35%, P10-25%, K30-45%;

(7.2) adjustment according to fertilization measures

The wheat growth whole growth period is divided into a seedling emergence-jointing stage, a jointing-heading stage and a heading-ripening stage, and the special fertilizer for wheat is respectively a special base fertilizer, a green turning-over and body-building fertilizer and a jointing fertilizer;

the distribution principle of the total amount of basic N, P and K nutrients provided by the corresponding special fertilizer in the whole growth period of wheat is as follows:

N：20％:25％:55％，P：15％:15％:70％，K：17.5％:16％:66.5％；

(8) respectively preparing and producing the special wheat blended fertilizer and/or the special wheat compound fertilizer according to the nutrient proportion of N/N to P/N to K/N provided by the fertilizer required by each stage in the whole growth period of the wheat obtained in the step (7), and specifically comprises the following steps:

(8.1) converting the nutrient ratio of N/N: P/N: K/N obtained in the step (7) and adjusted according to the fertilization measures into the special fertilizer N: P for wheat ₂ O ₅ :K ₂ Proportioning nutrients O;

(8.2) according to the special fertilizer N: P for wheat in (8.1) ₂ O ₅ :K ₂ The proportion of the O nutrient is determined according to the GB15063-2001 standard to respectively determine the total nutrient content (%) and the corresponding N-P of the special wheat blended fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ And (4) after the grade of O, fertilizer preparation is carried out.

2. The method for fertilizing special for regionalized wheat based on the QUEFTS model as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fertilizer basis N, P and the nutrient supply of K in step (7.1) are adjusted according to the season availability factor of 35%, 25% and 45%, respectively, i.e. the adjusted N: P: K: N/35%: P/25%: K/45%, N/N: P/N: K/N: 35% N/35% N: 35% P/25% N: 35% K/45% N: 1: 35% P/25% N: 35% K/45% N.

3. Method for applying a localized wheat specific fertilizer based on the QUEFTS model according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized by a recommended application method based on the obtainable yield, yield response and agronomic efficiency, comprising in particular the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: determining low, medium and high grades of soil foundation N, P and K nutrient supply of the planting area according to the average yield of the wheat crops in the past year in the planting area, namely low-fertility soil, medium-fertility soil and high-fertility soil, wherein the low-fertility soil is a field block of which the average yield of the crops in the past 5 years of the field block is less than 25% of the national average yield, the high-fertility soil is a field block of which the average yield of the crops in the past 5 years of the field block is greater than 75% of the national average yield, and the medium-fertility soil is a field block of which the average yield of the crops in the past 5 years of the field block is between 25% and 75%;

step two: determining corresponding special fertilizer N: P for wheat according to the soil foundation N, P obtained in the first step and the K nutrient supply grade ₂ O ₅ :K ₂ O nutrient proportion and fertilization mode;

step three: determining the obtainable yield Ya' according to the annual average yield level of the wheat crops corresponding to the growth environment risk level of the wheat planting area, and adopting the following estimation method:

dividing the growing environment of the planting area into a high-risk growing environment, a medium-risk growing environment and a low-risk growing environment according to the growing environment and soil conditions of the planting area;

the condition of the field soil is evaluated according to the existence of barrier factors of the test field soil, wherein the barrier factors refer to any one of saline soil, peat soil and acid sulfate soil; the growing environment is divided into a high risk growing environment, a medium risk growing environment and a low risk growing environment;

the high-risk growth environment is soil with local natural disaster frequency more than or equal to 3 times per two years or soil conditions of field blocks as obstacle, and the yield of the high-risk growth environment is equal to the local average yield of wheat in the past years;

the medium risk growing environment is that the total frequency of natural disasters in two years is 2 times or the soil layer thickness of the field soil is shallow, and the yield of the medium risk growing environment is increased by 0.5t/hm on the basis of being equal to the average yield of wheat in 5-10 years in the past ² ；

The low-risk growth environment is that the frequency of natural disasters in the local area is less than or equal to 1 time per two years, the field soil has no barrier factors, and the yield of the low-risk growth environment is increased by 1.0t/hm on the basis of the average yield of wheat in the past 5-10 years ² ；

Step four: determining a wheat crop nitrogen yield reaction YRN of the corresponding planting area according to the obtainable yield Ya' obtained in the step three, wherein the wheat crop nitrogen yield reaction YRN is calculated by a formula 1:

YRN(t/hm ² ) Ya' × k (formula 1),

wherein k is the nitrogen yield reaction coefficient, calculated by formula 2:

k-1-RYN (formula 2);

step five: determining the nitrogen agronomic efficiency AEN of the corresponding wheat crop according to the nitrogen application yield response YRN of the wheat crop of the corresponding planting area obtained in the step four, namely:

AEN(kg/kg)＝a×(YRN) ² + b × (YRN) + c (formula 3),

wherein a is a quadratic term coefficient, b is a primary term coefficient, and c is a constant term;

step six: determining the total nitrogen application quantity N in the growth period of the corresponding wheat crops in the planting area according to the nitrogen application yield reaction YRN obtained in the fourth step and the nitrogen agronomic efficiency AEN obtained in the fifth step _{General assembly} Calculated from equation 4:

N _{general assembly} (kg/hm ² )＝YRN(t/hm ² ) X 1000/AEN (kg/kg) (formula 4);

step seven: according to the total nitrogen application amount N obtained in the sixth step _{General (1)} And the step (7.2) of claim 1 determines that the special fertilizer for wheat crops in the planting areas corresponding to the two steps provides N in the total nitrogen application amount N _{General (1)} In% by weight, wherein:

the special fertilizer N for basal application of wheat accounts for 20 percent of the total amount of the applied N, the turning green and turning up fertilizer N for wheat accounts for 25 percent of the total amount of the applied N, and the turning green and turning up fertilizer N for wheat accounts for 55 percent of the total amount of the applied N;

step eight: the special wheat bulk blending fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer N-P in the step (8.2) of claim 1 ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ The concentration w (%) of N nutrient in O grade and the total nitrogen application amount N in the whole growth period of the wheat crops in the planting area corresponding to the step six _{General assembly} (kg/hm ² ) And step seven, providing N for the wheat crop special fertilizer to account for the total nitrogen application amount N _{General assembly} The recommended application amount of the special wheat fertilizer in the corresponding planting area is determined according to the percentage m (%) and is calculated by a formula 5:

recommended application amount (kg/hm) of special fertilizer for wheat ² )＝N _{General assembly} (kg/hm ² ) Xm (%)/w (%) (formula 5),

wherein the recommended application amount of the special wheat-based fertilizer is N _{General assembly} (kg/hm ² ) X 20%/w (%), recommended application amount of the wheat turning green and body-building fertilizer is N _{General assembly} (kg/hm ² ) X 25%/w (%), recommended application amount of the wheat harvest fertilizer is N _{General (1)} (kg/hm ² )×55％/w(％)。

4. The method for applying specialized wheat fertilizer based on the QUEFTS model as claimed in claim 3, wherein the numerical values of the binomial coefficients a, b, c in step five are obtained by fitting binomial curves to previous test data of wheat.

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