CN101341849A

CN101341849A - Organic matter basis cultivation method for vegetable overcoming root-knot nematodiasis of soil

Info

Publication number: CN101341849A
Application number: CNA2008101393322A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 于贤昌; 高俊杰
Original assignee: Shandong Agricultural University
Current assignee: Shandong Agricultural University
Priority date: 2008-08-28
Filing date: 2008-08-28
Publication date: 2009-01-14

Abstract

The invention relates to a vegetable organic substrate culturing method which overcomes the root knot nematode disease, etc. of greenhouse soil. The culture troughs of the culturing method are open soil troughs not isolated from the soil; the spacing between the two troughs is about 1.5cm; the upper opening width of each trough is 25cm to 35cm, the bottom width is 20cm to 30cm, and the depth is 20cm to 30cm; the three optional substrate culturing prescriptions of the culturing method by the volume ratio are as follows: prescription 1: rice hull: fermented excrement: riversand =2: 1:1; prescription 2: decayed dairy manure: rice hull: riversand =5: 4:1; prescription 3: corn or wheat straw fermented materials: decayed excrement (or sheep manure): riversand =4: 1: 1. After the troughs are dug according to the specification, the cultured substrate is filled in the troughs, i.e. tomato, watermelon and other vegetables can be colonized in the culture troughs. The soil root knot nematode does not invade the cultured substrate with main roots of vegetables are distributed in; therefore, the method can effectively overcome the harm of the greenhouse soil root knot nematode to the vegetables. The cultured substrate essentially consists of rich hull, dairy manure, crop straw, excrement and other agricultural waste, has the advantages of easily available materials and low cost, can be fertilized to the field as fertilizer after being used to fertile the soil, and does not pollute the environment.

Description

A kind of vegetables organic mass cultivation method that overcomes facility soil root-knot nematode

(1) technical field

The invention belongs to facility (greenhouse and plastic tunnel etc.) vegetable growing technical field, specifically a kind of organic cultivation method of vegetables that overcomes facility soil root-knot nematode.

(2) background technology

Greenhouse by solar heat and plastic tunnel have become China's most important vegetables anti-season production facility, and still, because continuous cropping for many years, soil obstacles such as root-knot nematode are on the rise, and have become the main limiting factor of the high-quality and efficient production of facilities vegetable.Soilless culture is the basic method that addresses this problem, grasps but traditional nutrient solution type cultivation technique without soil is difficult, and the input cost height, product nitrate content height does not meet the production requirement of pollution-free food etc., is difficult to large-area applications aborning.The organic substrate type cultivation technique without soil of using has overcome above-mentioned shortcoming to a certain extent at present, but because cultivating groove utilizes plastic film and soil to isolate, be subject to the influence of unfavorable factors such as water supply inequality and root growth are subjected to press down, be difficult to obtain the high-quality of vegetables, efficient and high yield.

(3) summary of the invention

The present invention is based on that the soil root-knot nematode can not invaded this principle of organic culture substrate and a kind of vegetables organic mass cultivation method that overcomes continuous cropping obstacles such as facility soil root-knot nematode of developing.Its main feature is: utilize not the open soil box filling isolated with soil to carry out vegetable growing by the cultivation matrix that the agricultural wastes such as fermentation materials of rice husk, crops straw and animal excrements constitute, vegetable crop grows required most of nutrient from cultivation matrix, and inorganic nutrients such as not enough N, P, K can replenish by topdressing with the form of chemical fertilizer and supply with.The soil root-knot nematode can not invaded in the cultivation matrix that is distributed with the main root system of vegetables.This kind cultivation method has that cost is low, technology is simple, product reaches advantages such as green food standard easily, not only overcome the soil continuous cropping obstacles such as root-knot nematode that facilities vegetable exists in producing, but also purified and the circular agriculture development provides valid approach for agricultural waste utilization, ecotope.

The cultivating groove that the present invention adopts is the open soil box of not isolating with soil, has made full use of the strong advantage of buffering power of soil, solved well that common soilless culture and soil isolate that the water supply inequality that caused and vegetables root growth are subjected to but etc. problem.

The invention provides the computational methods of a kind of open vegetables organic mass cultivation soil box of not isolating with soil and three cultivation medium formulas and supporting fertilizer top dressing amount standard thereof.

1, a kind of open organic mass cultivation soil box of not isolating with soil is:

Cultivating soil recess gauge lattice: wide 25-35cm suitable for reading, bottom width 20-30cm, dark 20-30cm; Two separation 1.5M.

2, three cultivation medium formulas:

Prescription 1: the raw material composition by its volume ratio is: rice husk: fermentation poultry dung: river sand=2: 1: 1;

Prescription 2: the raw material composition by its volume ratio is: the cow dung of becoming thoroughly decomposed: rice husk: river sand=5: 4: 1;

Prescription 3: the raw material composition by its volume ratio is: corn or wheat stalk fermentation materials: the chicken manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed (or sheep excrement): river sand=4: 1: 1.

3, substrates quantity standard

The facilities vegetable cultivation, line-spacing is pressed 1.5M, average every 666.7M ²Substrates quantity is 25-35M ³

4, the method for determining inorganic nutrients topdressing amounts such as N, P, K is:

Various amount of nutrients (kg/ha)-used matrix that various amount of nutrients (kg/ha) * used matrix of 1.5～2-that the topdressing amount (kg/ha) of the various inorganic nutrients of vegetables organic mass cultivation=reach vegetables target output should absorb can provide is imitated nutrient inversion quantity (kg/ha) late.

Reaching the various amount of nutrients that the vegetables target output should absorb in the formula can obtain from the relevant research data of publishing; The various amount of nutrients that matrix can provide can obtain from the mensuration to matrix; Matrix is imitated the nutrient inversion quantity late and can be obtained in the mensuration of vegetable crop results back to matrix.

Organic mass cultivation soil box provided by the invention has overcome the harm of continuous cropping obstacles such as root-knot nematode to vegetables under the condition of not isolating with soil, this is its outstanding advantage.

Three organic substrate prescriptions provided by the invention, with the agricultural wastes such as rice husk, corn wheat stalk and animal excrements through fermentation is main component, draw materials easily, cost is low, be available as fertilizer after the use and apply the land for growing field crops, free from environmental pollution, for agricultural waste utilization, ecotope purification and circular agriculture development provide an effective way.

Substrates quantity standard provided by the invention had both reduced the cultivation cost, had guaranteed the normal growth growth of crop and the needs of high yield again.

Inorganic nutrients such as N provided by the invention, P, the K method for determination of amount that topdresses can calculate the inorganic fertilizer topdressing amount that obtains the vegetables high yield not reducing under the product quality prerequisite.

The organic mass cultivation method that overcomes continuous cropping obstacles such as facility soil root-knot nematode provided by the invention is applicable to that vegetables fruit and vegetable yield level is at 5000-20000kg/666.7M ²Cultivation.

(4) embodiment

The present invention is a kind of organic cultivation method of vegetables that overcomes facility soil root-knot nematode.Be to utilize not the open soil box filling isolated with soil to carry out vegetable growing by the cultivation matrix that the agricultural wastes such as fermentation materials of rice husk, crops straw and animal excrements constitute, vegetable crop grows required most of nutrient from cultivation matrix, and inorganic nutrients such as not enough N, P, K can replenish by topdressing with the form of chemical fertilizer and supply with.

Embodiment: press the grooving of organic mass cultivation soil box specification, by volume with its mixing, select any formulation media then for use, after fermenting respectively by following prescription 1, prescription 2 and the 3 listed various organic materials of filling a prescription by every 666.7M ²25-35M ³Substrates quantity matrix is loaded in the cultivating groove, at last with the vegetable seedling field planting in cultivating groove.

The computational methods that various amount of nutrients (kg/ha)-used matrix that various amount of nutrients (the kg/ha) * used matrix of 1.5～2-that should absorb by the topdressing amount (kg/ha) of various inorganic nutrients in the vegetables organic mass cultivation method=reach vegetables target output can provide is imitated nutrient inversion quantity (kg/ha) are late determined the topdressing amount of various inorganic nutrients in the cultivation process.

This kind cultural method had both overcome the Soil-sickness Problems such as facility meloidogyne, took full advantage of again The advantage that buffering power of soil is strong has solved the moisture that the isolation of common soilless culture and soil causes well The problems such as the growth of supply inequality and vegetable root system is subjected to press down have that cost is low, technology simply and easily obtains the vegetables high-quality The advantages such as high yield are for agricultural waste utilization, ecological environment purification and Development of Recycle Agriculture provide one to have The approach of effect. This cultural method is if large-area applications will obtain huge economic benefit, ecological benefits And social benefit.

Claims

1, a kind of vegetables organic mass cultivation method that overcomes facility soil root-knot nematode, form by the organic mass cultivation groove that utilizes this cultivation method and three cultivation medium formulas, it is characterized in that: the open soil box of organic mass cultivation groove for not isolating with soil, wide 25-35cm suitable for reading, bottom width 20-30cm, dark 20-30cm; Three cultivation medium formulas: prescription 1: the raw material composition by its volume ratio is: rice husk: fermentation poultry dung: river sand=2: 1: 1; Prescription 2: the raw material composition by its volume ratio is: the cow dung of becoming thoroughly decomposed: rice husk: river sand=5: 4: 1; Prescription 3: the raw material composition by its volume ratio is: corn or wheat stalk fermentation materials: the chicken manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed/or the sheep excrement: river sand=4: 1: 1.