CN1275509C - Method for cultivating vegetables in organic soil - Google Patents
Method for cultivating vegetables in organic soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN1275509C CN1275509C CNB031538126A CN03153812A CN1275509C CN 1275509 C CN1275509 C CN 1275509C CN B031538126 A CNB031538126 A CN B031538126A CN 03153812 A CN03153812 A CN 03153812A CN 1275509 C CN1275509 C CN 1275509C
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a method for cultivating vegetables in organic soil, which comprises the step of preparing organic soil. Rotten agricultural waste with the volume ratio of 60% to 75%, rotten organic fertilizer with the volume ratio of 20% top 25% and clean soil with the volume ratio of 5% to 15% are mixed. Cultivation grooves are dug on the ground or are constructed with bricks on the ground. The bottoms of the grooves are spread with plastic greenhouse films. The prepared organic soil is evenly laid in the cultivation grooves and a layer of clean soil with thickness of 1 to 3 centimeters is covered on the organic soil. The method also comprises the step of irrigation. After the cultivation grooves are filled with the organic soil, an irrigation system is laid on the cultivation grooves. Then, the cultivation grooves are watered until the organic soil contains water of about 60% and mulching films are covered. After disinfection at high temperature in a sealed greenhouse for 5 to 7 days, vegetables can be fixedly planted after ventilation and cooling. The method is suitable for the cultivation of fruit and vegetables as well as leaf vegetables and can be used for the cultivation of the garden crops of flowers, etc. The organic soil is easy to prepare, has no any harmful waste, and conforms to the requirements of environmental protection and ecological agriculture. The present invention prevents manure water from leaking into the ground and polluting ground water and has the obvious effect of water and manure saving.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cultivation method, specifically, relate to a kind of facilities vegetable organic soil culture method.
Background technology
Facilities vegetable is meant the vegetables of planting in covering protection devices such as greenhouse or booth, at present, its cultivation mainly contains traditional soil cultivation, substrate soiless cultivations such as the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite, the soilless culture of rock wool nutrient solution and ecological organic soilless culture.There is following defective respectively in they:
1, traditional soil cultivation differs very big because of block manure power differently, standardization is poor, tradition soil cultivation peasant often adopts the big fertilizer of big flood to carry out facilities vegetable production, a large amount of fertilizer, chemical fertilizer of using, not only cause the rich water waste, and yield of vegetables quality in plantation back descends year after year, easily causes groundwater contamination, the soil salinization to harden simultaneously and soil-borne disease takes place frequently and is difficult to and utilizes.
2. substrate soiless cultivation such as the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite: because the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite are natural material, the regeneration period is long, add matrix cost of investment height such as transportation, except that be used to grow seedlings or modern greenhouse, be unsuitable for large tracts of land because of raw material sources are limited and promote.
3. rock wool nutrient solution soilless culture: external application is wide, production cost very high (10,000 yuan/mu), the nutrient solution operation cost is also high, therefore domestic application is less, and the discarded object after the rock wool cultivation simultaneously is difficult to handle, discarded nutrient solution also can produce environmental pollution, and future development is restricted.
4. ecological organic soilless culture: adopt slag, the peat composed of rotten mosses, river sand, sawdust, mushroom slag etc. as base starting material, the more traditional nutrient solution soilless culture of production cost reduces (3000-5000 unit/mu) greatly, but production cost is still higher, raw material sources are limited, being unsuitable for industrialization production and vegetables main producing region large tracts of land promotes, the ecological organic soilless culture substrate goes back to the field and might produce secondary pollution in addition, is restricted in the farming district of fertile soil.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the defective of prior art, the facilities vegetable organic soil culture method of a kind of low cost, highly versatile is provided.
Facilities vegetable organic soil culture method of the present invention comprises:
(1) preparation histosol: will be by volume for the agricultural waste that becomes thoroughly decomposed of 60-75%, volume ratio be that become thoroughly decomposed fertilizer and the volume ratio of 20-25% is the clean soil mixing of 5-15%;
(2) make cultivating groove: dig the cultivation ditch on the ground or build cultivating groove with brick on the ground, and spread plastic greenhouse film, the histosol mixing for preparing is put in the cultivation groove, cover the clean soil of one deck 1-3 cm thick on it at bottom of trench;
(3) irritate Gai: adopt the under-film drip irrigation mode, after cultivating groove is full of histosol, lay drip irrigation system it on, it is moisture about 60% to histosol to water then, covering with plastic film, and the vexed canopy of high temperature was sterilized 5-7 days, but just field planting vegetables after aeration-cooling.
Described agricultural waste be by the agricultural waste after pulverizing add the straw that accounts for its volume 0.2-0.5% become thoroughly decomposed the urea of agent and 0.2-0.5% water permeable, through the product after the rotten fermentation process of natural enclosing high temperature nuclear reactor.
Described agricultural waste is a kind of in corn stalk, wheat straw, rape straw, paddy rice straw, wheat husk, bagasse, reed, coconut husk, mushroom slag, sawdust, beanstalk, the turfgrass etc. or any combination that they are two or more.
0.5 meter of described cultivation groove width, high 0.2 meter, separation 1.3-1.4 rice.
Described agricultural waste becomes thoroughly decomposed, and to handle be at first various agricultural wastes to be pulverized about 0.5-1 centimetre of growth, in heaps then, method is one deck discarded object, and one deck stalk becomes thoroughly decomposed and launches lay between the mixture of agent and urea, water permeablely at last, covered the plastic foil heat and moisture preserving 10-20 days.
Histosol in the method for the invention is the soil matrix that organises that is used for vegetable growing of utilizing organic matters such as the plant stem handled and livestock and poultry muck and soil in right amount to prepare, it not only can make the quality of vegetables in the winter greenhouse booth be greatly improved, output improves greatly, and its environment protection significance is also very big.The one, the recycling problem of solution agricultural waste, the 2nd, the low-cost standardized cultivation problem of solution organic vegetable, it passes through agricultural waste, the quantification comprehensive utilization of resources that comprises corn stalk commonly used and organic wastes such as wheat straw and farmyard manure, improve the content of organic matter of cultivating soil greatly, improved the vegetables rhizospheric environment significantly.Its advantage and good effect are as follows:
1. both be applicable to the cultivation fruit vegetables,, can have cultivated leaf vegetables again, and made it obtain high yield as naked oats dish, romaine lettuce, rape etc. as tomato, pimento, cucumber, muskmelon etc.Can reach organic food and AA level green food standard with this method in conjunction with melon, the fruit and vegetable of bumblebee pollination technique production, because it has not a particle of the pollution of chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals and hormone.Tomato production promoting is more than 30%, pimento, cucumber production promoting 50%, and quality of vegetable significantly improves, and nitrate content obviously reduces, and can be used for horticultural crop cultivation such as flowers.
2. be easy to preparation, use agricultural waste substantially, do not produce any bazardous waste, meet the needs of the environmental protection and the ecological agriculture;
3. adopt the cultivation of histosol plough groove type, prevented the underground leakage of rich water and, economized on water the joint fertilizer efficiency really significantly phreatic pollution;
4. cost of investment is low, and raw material sources are wide and can regeneration, meet agricultural sustainable development requirement and international organic farming development trend;
5. organic soil culture is easy to disinfect, and only needs suitably to add histosol after the many batches of cultivations and gets final product, and production and operation cost is low, and production effect is good;
6. be suitable for the day-light greenhouse overwintering cultivation of China's actual conditions, histosol is decomposed can discharge a large amount of CO2, has remedied the deficiency of CO2 in the winter greenhouse, and the preceding greenhouse of its sunrise CO2 concentration is than normal soil cultivation and the high 500-700ppm of soilless culture.
Embodiment
Facilities vegetable organic soil culture method of the present invention comprises the preparation histosol, makes cultivating groove with Guan Gai.The preparation of described histosol is to be that the clean soil of become thoroughly decomposed fertilizer and the volume ratio 5-15% of 20-25% mixes with the agricultural waste that becomes thoroughly decomposed, volume ratio that 60-75% by volume pulverizes.According to the needs of variety classes vegetables, select different proportionings, as fruit vegetables, the content of clean soil can be lower, and generally about 15-20%, the content of the clean soil of leaf vegetables then can be high slightly, about 20-25%.
The described agricultural waste that becomes thoroughly decomposed is with agricultural waste material or other plant refuse, and through the product that becomes thoroughly decomposed after handling, the purpose of becoming thoroughly decomposed is that organic waste is degraded and harmless treatment, and the time of becoming thoroughly decomposed is generally in summer.Its proportioning is with accounting for the 0.2-0.5% urea of agricultural waste volume, the agent processing of becoming thoroughly decomposed of becoming thoroughly decomposed of the stalk of 0.2-0.5%.Described agricultural waste material comprises a kind of or its two or more any combinations in corn stalk, wheat straw, rape stalk, paddy rice stalk, wheat husk, bagasse, reed tail end, coconut husk, mushroom slag, sawdust, the turfgrass etc., can select according to regional situation.
Described clean soil is soil or non-field of vegetables soil anosis through the sterilization back, no worm.
The described fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed is that various animal wastes are mixed through the product after the rotten processing of heap by 1: 1 with clean soil.
The making of described cultivating groove is ditching on the ground, and spreads plastic foil in ground and ditch, will be filled into by the histosol that the agricultural waste that becomes thoroughly decomposed, the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed prepare in cultivation ditch, the groove.0.5 meter of each cultivation groove width, high 0.2 meter, length changes with the greenhouse to be adjusted, and is generally 6 meters, separation 1.3-1.4 rice, every mu needs about organic soil matrix 40 sides altogether.Described cultivating groove also can adopt the groove of building brick groove or other materials making, and as assembling with brick, groove is high, and wide is 3 bricks generally with 4 layers of brick, and plastic foil is spread in the inside.That a kind of groove no matter, the lay plastic foil is all very important, and it has two kinds of effects, and one can prevent the fertile seepage of trough inner water; Two can prevent the soil-borne disease of the outer underground soil layer of groove; Described plastic foil can be with waste and old canopy film to reduce cost.
After histosol is packed in the groove,, mainly play water conservation, compacting and be beneficial to root growth being easy to effects such as slow seedling with the soil layer of remaining 10% clean soil at surface coverage one deck 1-3 cm thick.
The production method of the described agricultural waste that becomes thoroughly decomposed is: at first various agricultural wastes are pulverized with cracker, pulverized about 0.5-1 centimetre of growth; Heap is rotten then, and method is to spread one deck discarded object, spreads the become thoroughly decomposed mixture of agent (ecological source, Beijing company willing ox board stalk become thoroughly decomposed agent) of one deck urea and stalk again, waters permeablely then, and the effect of stalk quick composting agent is to quicken becoming thoroughly decomposed of stalk.After forming heap, water the permeable plastic foil heat and moisture preserving that covers then, after 7-10 days, preferably overturning is once compared evenly so up and down on the heap, and the time spent is more convenient.Passed through 7-10 days, after 15-20 days, harmful microorganism wherein all is killed again, and the physics and chemistry structure is relatively stable just can have been used.
Described filling Gai, its mode adopts drip irrigation, after cultivating groove completes, lays drip irrigation system, water then permeable, bedding mulch film, rear venting cooling in the vexed canopy 5-7 of high temperature days, but just field planting.
Use drip irrigation not only to guarantee the even supply of water, and be convenient to control.For reducing cost, irrigation system can be selected the homemade tubular type of backwater cheaply thin-walled drip irrigation system for use.
Organic soil culture is more comprehensive because of nutrition, the vegetables of producing like this, just take tomato not only its solidity thing content (with comparing) with the chemical fertilizer cultivation can improve more than 20%, vitamin C, all be greatly improved with reducing sugar, opposite nuisance nitrate content obviously reduces, and the range of decrease is more than 50%, so mouthfeel and nutrition are all very good.
Adopt fruit and vegetable such as this method cultivation tomato, pimento, cucumber, muskmelon can make it obtain high yield, leaf vegetables such as cultivation naked oats dish, romaine lettuce, rape have also been obtained good effect.
Claims (6)
1. facilities vegetable organic soil culture method comprises:
(1) preparation histosol: will be by volume for the agricultural waste that becomes thoroughly decomposed of 60-75%, volume ratio be that become thoroughly decomposed fertilizer and the volume ratio of 20-25% is the clean soil mixing of 5-15%;
(2) make cultivating groove: dig the cultivation ditch on the ground or build cultivating groove with brick on the ground, and spread plastic greenhouse film, the histosol mixing for preparing is put in the cultivation groove, cover the clean soil of one deck 1-3 cm thick on it at bottom of trench;
(3) irritate Gai: adopt the under-film drip irrigation mode, after cultivating groove is full of histosol, lay drip irrigation system it on, it is moisture about 60% to histosol to water then, covering with plastic film, and the vexed canopy of high temperature was sterilized 5-7 days, but just field planting vegetables after aeration-cooling.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described agricultural waste be by the agricultural waste after pulverizing add the straw that accounts for its volume 0.2-0.5% become thoroughly decomposed the urea of agent and 0.2-0.5% water permeable, through the product after the rotten fermentation process of natural enclosing high temperature nuclear reactor.
3. method according to claim 2 is characterized in that described agricultural waste is a kind of in corn stalk, wheat straw, rape straw, paddy rice straw, wheat husk, bagasse, reed, coconut husk, mushroom slag, sawdust, beanstalk, the turfgrass etc. or any combination that they are two or more.
4. according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 described methods, it is characterized in that 0.5 meter of each cultivation groove width, high 0.2 meter, separation 1.3-1.4 rice.
5. according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 described methods, it is characterized in that becoming thoroughly decomposed described agricultural waste, to handle be at first various agricultural wastes to be pulverized about 0.5-1 centimetre of growth, in heaps then, method is one deck discarded object, one deck stalk becomes thoroughly decomposed and launches lay between the mixture of agent and urea, water permeablely at last, covered the plastic foil heat and moisture preserving 10-20 days.
6. method according to claim 4, it is characterized in that becoming thoroughly decomposed described agricultural waste, to handle be at first various agricultural wastes to be pulverized about 0.5-1 centimetre of growth, in heaps then, method is one deck discarded object, one deck urea and stalk become thoroughly decomposed and open lay between the mixture of agent, water permeablely at last, covered the plastic foil heat and moisture preserving 10-20 days.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB031538126A CN1275509C (en) | 2003-08-22 | 2003-08-22 | Method for cultivating vegetables in organic soil |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CNB031538126A CN1275509C (en) | 2003-08-22 | 2003-08-22 | Method for cultivating vegetables in organic soil |
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| CN1582615A CN1582615A (en) | 2005-02-23 |
| CN1275509C true CN1275509C (en) | 2006-09-20 |
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| CNB031538126A Expired - Fee Related CN1275509C (en) | 2003-08-22 | 2003-08-22 | Method for cultivating vegetables in organic soil |
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Families Citing this family (19)
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| CN102217469A (en) * | 2010-04-19 | 2011-10-19 | 陆振冈 | Organic cultivation medium and application method thereof |
| CN102308736A (en) * | 2011-07-22 | 2012-01-11 | 北京农学院 | Fruit tree micro-ecological protected cultivation bed |
| CN102893829B (en) * | 2012-09-25 | 2013-11-20 | 候小八 | Planting greenhouse and planting method for organic vegetables |
| CN102884963A (en) * | 2012-10-25 | 2013-01-23 | 张树生 | Method for disinfecting soil through high-temperature greenhouse closing and ammonia fumigating |
| CN103081603A (en) * | 2013-01-18 | 2013-05-08 | 和县蔬菜技术指导服务站 | High-temperature land boiling soil recuperating method resisting continuous cropping |
| CN103210823A (en) * | 2013-03-25 | 2013-07-24 | 山东农业大学 | Special full-value nutrition liquid and organic substrate integral cultivating mode for eggplants |
| CN104186161A (en) * | 2014-08-28 | 2014-12-10 | 宁夏固农农牧业科技有限公司 | Method for drip irrigation vegetable planting below dry slope land membrane |
| CN105230458A (en) * | 2015-10-20 | 2016-01-13 | 恩施州硕品农业有限公司 | Medium culture, seedling growing method and cultivation method of portulaca oleracea L |
| CN106258877A (en) * | 2016-08-08 | 2017-01-04 | 河南省农业科学院园艺研究所 | A kind of wheat straw organic substrate vegetable soilless culture method |
| CN106256194B (en) * | 2016-08-08 | 2017-11-21 | 河南省农业科学院园艺研究所 | A kind of cotton stalk composite interstitial substance preparation method |
| CN106665175A (en) * | 2016-08-08 | 2017-05-17 | 河南省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Rice straw composite substrate suitable for soilless cultivation of vegetables and preparation method of rice straw composite substrate |
| CN106305377A (en) * | 2016-08-08 | 2017-01-11 | 河南省农业科学院园艺研究院 | Wheat straw composite substrate and preparation method |
| CN106258581A (en) * | 2016-08-09 | 2017-01-04 | 中国水稻研究所 | A kind of organic paddy rice seedling Nutrition Soil and preparation method thereof |
| CN106718294A (en) * | 2017-03-21 | 2017-05-31 | 朱以强 | A kind of Vegetable culture medium |
| CN107494233A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2017-12-22 | 广西吉朋投资有限公司 | A kind of culture matrix of pimento and preparation method thereof |
| CN109479672A (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2019-03-19 | 江苏省农业科学院 | A kind of strawberry draws slotting seedling medium |
| CN111279992A (en) * | 2020-02-13 | 2020-06-16 | 广西上东农业发展有限公司 | Culture method for improving vegetable yield |
| CN113099964A (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2021-07-13 | 山西沃岳农业科技有限公司 | Facility vegetable refined simplified matrix cultivation method |
| CN115191298A (en) * | 2022-08-18 | 2022-10-18 | 中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 | Organic cultivation method for asparagus |
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2003
- 2003-08-22 CN CNB031538126A patent/CN1275509C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Owner name: BEIJING HUANAI AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT CO., LTD. Free format text: FORMER OWNER: CHINESE ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES FLOWER VEGETABLES INSTITUTE Effective date: 20091127 |
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Effective date of registration: 20091127 Address after: Beijing City, Changping District Jiang Tun Cun Nan Nan Shao Zhen Patentee after: Beijing Honor Agriculture Development Co.,Ltd. Address before: No. 12 South Main Street, Beijing, Haidian District, Zhongguancun Patentee before: THE INSTITUTE OF VEGETABLES AND FLOWERS CHINESE ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES |
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