CN101647384B - Horticultural long-acting and slow-release straw nutritional soil as well as preparation method and using method of nutritional soil substrate - Google Patents
Horticultural long-acting and slow-release straw nutritional soil as well as preparation method and using method of nutritional soil substrate Download PDFInfo
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- CN101647384B CN101647384B CN2009101813465A CN200910181346A CN101647384B CN 101647384 B CN101647384 B CN 101647384B CN 2009101813465 A CN2009101813465 A CN 2009101813465A CN 200910181346 A CN200910181346 A CN 200910181346A CN 101647384 B CN101647384 B CN 101647384B
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Abstract
The invention discloses horticultural long-acting and slow-release straw nutritional soil as well as a preparation method and a using method of nutritional soil substrate. In percentages by weight, the nutritional soil contains 20 percent of substrate and 80 percent of horticultural soil; the substrate contains 25 percent of perlite, 65 percent of rice straws or wheat straws, 2.0 percent of slow-release agent, 0.75 percent of calcined lime, 0.75 percent of straw well-rotten fungicide, 3.0 percent of nitrogenous fertilizer, 1.0 percent of pure phosphatic fertilizer, 1.75 percent of potassic fertilizer and 0.75 percent of microelement fertilizer; the preparation method of the substrate comprises the following steps: unbaling rice straws or wheat straws, putting under blazing sun for 3-4 days for sterilizing; crashing rice straws or wheat straws by a crasher into straw sections with the length of 0.8-1.2cm; and evenly mixing 25 percent of perlite, 65 percent of rice straws or wheat straws, 2.0 percent of slow-release agent, 0.75 percent of calcined lime, 0.75 percent of straw well-rotten fungicide, 3.0 percent of nitrogenous fertilizer, 1.0 percent of pure phosphatic fertilizer, 1.75 percent of potassic fertilizer and 0.75 percent of microelement fertilizer to prepare the substrate, and packaging the substrate; and the using method of the nutritional soil comprises the following step: fetching 80 percent of horticultural soil and 20 percent of substrate in percentages by weight. The nutritional soil has no putrefactive odor and musty taste, synchronous straw fermentation rot and flower and plant growth as well as slowly-released nutritional ingredients, and keeps the activity and the self nutrient circulation for a long time.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to preparation and the using method of gardening, be specifically related to the preparation and the using method of horticultural long-acting slow-release straw nutrition soil and nutrition soil matrix matter with nutrition soil and nutrition soil.
Background technology
The earth of culturing flowers preferably picks up from natural peat soil or natural mountain forest humus soil, but random exploitation can damage environment undoubtedly, simultaneously, because a large amount of enforcements of urban afforestation in recent years, cosmetic treatment, and the continuous increase of all kinds of flowers of family-raise, demand to horticultural earth constantly enlarges, and natural peat soil or natural mountain forest humus soil can not satisfy the growth of usage amount.
Owing to contain great number of organic matters, nitrogen phosphorus potassium and trace element in the agricultural crop straw, be the important organic fertilizer resource of agricultural production, it is low to have cost simultaneously, and characteristics such as compliance with environmental protection requirements are used in a large number prepare flower nutrition soil, and are used widely.Existing flower nutrition soil matrix originally all is to be raw material with the agricultural crop straw, through pulverizing, adding livestock and poultry fecaluria and phosphorous chemical fertilizer mixes, behind fermentation maturity, form fertilizer, be mixed and made into nutrition soil with ashes, sandy soil etc. again, flower nutrition soil has content of organic matter height, the soil is porous, ventilative, protect fertile water conservation, can improve the physicochemical character of soil and the advantages such as living environment of edaphon effectively.
But existing flower nutrition soil has a series of defective in use: with stalk is that the fermentation maturity process of main organic materials rolls up cost and production cycle undoubtedly; The nutrition soil of preparing behind the organic materials fermentation maturity inevitably has putrefactive odor and mould storehouse flavor, particularly be added into the nutrition soil of livestock and poultry fecaluria, and the gardening that is not suitable for beautifying the environment is with native.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to: preparation and using method that horticultural long-acting slow-release straw nutrition soil and nutrition soil matrix matter are provided, remove the putrefactive odor and the mould storehouse flavor of nutrition soil, behind the nutrition soil floriculture, stalk fermentation digest process and flower plant growth are synchronously, stalk fermentation becomes thoroughly decomposed and slowly implements, the nutrient component slowly-releasing keeps the activity of nutrition soil and the nutrition circulation of self for a long time, eliminates nutrient and wastes under-supply drawback of too much later stage in earlier stage in plant growing.
Technical solution of the present invention is: nutrition soil is mixed by matrix and rural area soil, according to weight percent meter, and matrix 20%, rural area soil 80%; Wherein, matrix is made up of following weight percentages: perlite 25%, straw or wheat straw 65%, sustained release agent 2.0%, quicklime 0.75%, stalk decomposing microbial inoculum 0.75%, nitrogenous fertilizer 3.0%, pure phosphate fertilizer 1.0%, potash fertilizer 1.75%, trace element fertilizer 0.75%.
In the nutrition soil of the present invention, sustained release agent is to be the powdery sustained release agent of main component with the humic acid, and this sustained release agent is bought on market.
In the nutrition soil of the present invention, the stalk decomposing microbial inoculum is the microbial fermentation microbial inoculum, and main component is the multiple micropopulation of decomposition of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and this stalk decomposing microbial inoculum is bought on market.
In the nutrition soil of the present invention, trace element fertilizer is the trace element fertilizer that comprises elements such as calcium, magnesium, sulphur, silicon, and this trace element fertilizer is bought on market.
The preparation method of nutrition soil matrix matter of the present invention:
1, stalk is handled: straw or wheat straw are torn bundle open, sunlight exposure sterilization 3 to 4 days;
2, crushed stalk: pulverize length 0.8-1.2 centimetre with cracker;
3, stir: get following component: perlite 25% (graininess) according to percentage by weight, straw or wheat straw 65%, sustained release agent 2.0% (powdery), quicklime 0.75%, stalk decomposing microbial inoculum (as rotten bar spirit) 0.75%, nitrogenous fertilizer 3.0%, pure phosphate fertilizer 1.0%, potash fertilizer 1.75%, trace element fertilizer 0.75%, mix, stir, make matrix;
4, matrix packing: press packing instructions with the matrix bag distribution packaging.
The using method of nutrition soil of the present invention:
Get rural area soil 80%, matrix 20% by weight, it is fully moistening that matrix adds water, to water content 35-40%, stirs with rural area soil then, is used for the plantation of horticulture and flower; The plantation back covers 2 centimetres of rural area soils that the left and right sides is thick on the top layer; If soil property viscosity is heavier, can suitably mix a little rough sand; This nutrition soil should keep moistening for a long time, is beneficial to the fermentation maturity of stalk.
The each component effect of nutrition soil of the present invention:
Rural area soil: being one of primary raw material of preparation nutrition soil, is best with the sandy loam; Rural area soil is common cultivating soil, and because of often fertilising farming, fertility is higher, and granular structure is good; But when doing easily harden in the top layer, and ventilating permeable is poor when wet, can not use separately.
Perlite: mainly be made up of the acid nature of glass, wherein 65%～75% is amorphous quartz; Perlite particle has countless irregular airtight air vents, and alveolate texture is very flourishing, has comprehensive good characteristics such as adsorptivity, water imbibition, gas permeability, sponginess, soil moisture conservation, storage (fertile, water) property and aseptic; Because of its thermal conductivity factor is little, impose in the soil, can make that crop is heat insulation to avoid heat, prevent to degenerate, and can significantly improve the overwintering survival rate of plant; In addition, it self contains the indispensable trace elements of plant such as a certain amount of titanium, manganese, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus, silicon, iron, calcium, and this provides good condition for vine growth and development just, satisfies the requirement of crop to water, fertilizer, gas, heat; Perlite adsorbs the heavy metal harmful to soil also as the carrier of fertilizer and agricultural chemicals, and it can be used as the absorbent and the fixative of heavy metal element, thereby reduces the content of beary metal in the crop; Generally improve the soil physics structure in the conventional nutrition soil, increase the soil drainage air capacity of soils, but the rough sand shortcoming is to have no fertility, so the present invention uses perlite particle with rough sand.
Straw or wheat straw: China is large agricultural country, annual agricultural crop straw class residue (comprising wheat straw, straw, jowar stalk, cornstalk, hemp stalk, cotton stalk, tobacco etc.) reaches more than 1,000,000,000 ton, wherein 70% is straw and wheat straw, with low cost, importantly it contains great number of organic matters, nitrogen phosphorus potassium and trace element.
Sustained release agent: the sustained release agent that with the humic acid is main component has following characteristics; humic acid itself has fertilizer efficiency preferably; be again a kind of good fertilizer synergistic agent, crop drought-ressitant agent and bio-fertilizer carrier simultaneously; be the sustained release agent of nitrogenous fertilizer, the synergist of phosphate fertilizer, the protectant of potash fertilizer, the chelating agent of trace element, can make long-actingization of fertilizer efficiency, compoundization etc.
Quicklime: main component is a calcium oxide, mainly plays sterilization, regulates the pH value effect, and can replenish the calcium constituent in the soil.
Stalk decomposing microbial inoculum: contain the multiple micropopulation of a considerable number of decomposition of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, can quicken becoming thoroughly decomposed of stem stalk, make it to be converted into high-quality fertilizer.
Fertilizer: comprise nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer, main effect is fertile as base fertilizer and compensation; The effect of base fertilizer is to make soil have certain fertility; Compensation fertilizer then is to be used for compensating the nutrient that stalk consumes when the soil decomposition; Stalk during decomposition, absorb nitrogen, phosphorus and moisture that soil Central Plains has in soil, therefore, when base fertilizer is not enough, stalk decomposition and crop will occurs and strive water, strive fertile phenomenon, influences the flower growth growth.
Trace element fertilizer: comprise elements such as calcium, magnesium, sulphur, silicon, can make matrix be manured into soil in its active ingredient easily by soil fixation, reduce mobility.
Advantage of the present invention:
1, behind the nutrition soil floriculture of the present invention, stalk fermentation becomes thoroughly decomposed and flower plant is grown synchronously, the stalk fermentation digest process is slowly implemented, the nutrient component slowly-releasing, the long-term activity of nutrition soil and the nutrition circulation of self of keeping eliminated nutrient and wasted too much the drawback that the later stage is under-supply in plant growing in earlier stage, consequently improve utilization rate of fertilizer greatly, reduce consumption.
2, sustained release agent and perlitic adsorptivity, storage (fertile, water) property make that nutrition soil long-acting slow-release effect is more obvious, and nutrition soil of the present invention need not fertilising in 1 year, replenished a moisture content, and kept moistening getting final product in every month.
3, no longer add the livestock and poultry fecaluria in the nutrition soil of the present invention, organic materials does not become thoroughly decomposed by fermentation during plantation, so this nutrition soil does not have putrefactive odor and mould storehouse flavor, has only the earth and the crops breath of nature, is fit to very much home gardening with native.
4, nutrition soil of the present invention is exempted stalk fermentation maturity process in advance, makes manufacture craft simplify, and is with low cost.
5, nutrition soil of the present invention has the common feature of other nutrition soil, and the soil is porous, ventilative, protects fertile water conservation, is subacidity or neutrality, can improve the physicochemical character of soil and the living environment of edaphon effectively.
6, the stalk in the nutrition soil of the present invention prevents that without high-temperature sterilization or pharmacy disinfection microorganism is killed, and the organic substance in the stalk can not be decomposed; The sunlight exposure of nature also has moisture content, the characteristics such as with low cost removed except that having sterilizing function.
7, the dry lack of water of the matrix of nutrition soil of the present invention can not produce fermentation maturity, and perlite, quicklime make that matrix keeps dry, fluffy state, are convenient to bag distribution packaging, but long preservation after packing.
Embodiment
Below according to specific embodiment technical solution of the present invention is further described, these embodiment can not be interpreted as the qualification to technical solution of the present invention.
Embodiment 1: prepare nutrition soil according to following method:
One, the preparation of nutrition soil matrix matter:
1, stalk is handled: straw is torn bundle open, sunlight exposure sterilization three days;
2, crushed stalk: pulverize 0.8 centimetre of length with cracker;
3, stir: 100 kilograms of nutrition soil matrix matter are got following component: 25 kilograms of perlites (graininess), 65 kilograms of straw, 2.0 kilograms of sustained release agents (powdery), 0.75 kilogram of quicklime, 0.75 kilogram of stalk decomposing microbial inoculum, 3.0 kilograms in nitrogenous fertilizer, 1.0 kilograms in pure phosphate fertilizer, 1.75 kilograms in potash fertilizer, 0.75 kilogram of trace element fertilizer, mix, stir, make matrix;
4, matrix packing: press packing instructions with the matrix bag distribution packaging.
Two, the preparation of nutrition soil:
Get 20 kilograms of matrix, it is fully moistening to add water, to water content 35%, stirs with 80 kilograms of rural area soils then, makes nutrition soil.
Three, the use of nutrition soil:
Get adequate nutrition soil and be used for the plantation of horticulture and flower, the plantation back covers 2 centimetres of rural area soils that the left and right sides is thick on the top layer; If soil property viscosity is heavier, suitably mix a little rough sand; This nutrition soil should keep moistening for a long time, is beneficial to the fermentation maturity of stalk.
Embodiment 2: prepare nutrition soil according to following method:
One, the preparation of nutrition soil matrix matter:
1, stalk is handled: straw is torn bundle open, sunlight exposure sterilization four days;
2, crushed stalk: pulverize 1.0 centimetres of length with cracker;
3, stir: 100 kilograms of nutrition soil matrix matter are got following component: 25 kilograms of perlites (graininess), 65 kilograms of straw, 2.0 kilograms of sustained release agents (powdery), 0.75 kilogram of quicklime, 0.75 kilogram of stalk decomposing microbial inoculum, 3.0 kilograms in nitrogenous fertilizer, 1.0 kilograms in pure phosphate fertilizer, 1.75 kilograms in potash fertilizer, 0.75 kilogram of trace element fertilizer, mix, stir, make matrix;
4, matrix packing: press packing instructions with the matrix bag distribution packaging.
Two, the preparation of nutrition soil:
Get 20 kilograms of matrix, it is fully moistening to add water, to water content 38%, stirs with 80 kilograms of rural area soils then, makes nutrition soil.
Three, the use of nutrition soil:
Get adequate nutrition soil and be used for the plantation of horticulture and flower, the plantation back covers 2 centimetres of rural area soils that the left and right sides is thick on the top layer; If soil property viscosity is heavier, suitably mix a little rough sand; This nutrition soil should keep moistening for a long time, is beneficial to the fermentation maturity of stalk.
Embodiment 3: prepare nutrition soil according to following method:
One, the preparation of nutrition soil matrix matter:
1, stalk is handled: wheat straw is torn bundle open, sunlight exposure sterilization four days;
2, crushed stalk: pulverize 1.2 centimetres of length with cracker;
3, stir: 100 kilograms of nutrition soil matrix matter are got following component: 25 kilograms of perlites (graininess), 65 kilograms of wheat straws, 2.0 kilograms of sustained release agents (powdery), 0.75 kilogram of quicklime, 0.75 kilogram of stalk decomposing microbial inoculum, 3.0 kilograms in nitrogenous fertilizer, 1.0 kilograms in pure phosphate fertilizer, 1.75 kilograms in potash fertilizer, 0.75 kilogram of trace element fertilizer, mix, stir, make matrix;
4, matrix packing: press packing instructions with the matrix bag distribution packaging.
Two, the preparation of nutrition soil:
Get 20 kilograms of matrix, it is fully moistening to add water, to water content 40%, stirs with 80 kilograms of rural area soils then, makes nutrition soil.
Three, the use of nutrition soil:
Get adequate nutrition soil and be used for the plantation of horticulture and flower, the plantation back covers 2 centimetres of rural area soils that the left and right sides is thick on the top layer; If soil property viscosity is heavier, suitably mix a little rough sand; This nutrition soil should keep moistening for a long time, is beneficial to the fermentation maturity of stalk.
Claims (4)
1. horticultural long-acting slow-release straw nutrition soil, it is characterized in that: this nutrition soil is mixed by matrix and rural area soil, according to weight percent meter, matrix 20%, rural area soil 80%; Wherein, matrix is made up of following weight percentages: perlite 25%, straw or wheat straw 65%, sustained release agent 2.0%, quicklime 0.75%, stalk decomposing microbial inoculum 0.75%, nitrogenous fertilizer 3.0%, pure phosphate fertilizer 1.0%, potash fertilizer 1.75%, trace element fertilizer 0.75%; Above-mentioned sustained release agent is to be the sustained release agent of main component with the humic acid, and this sustained release agent is bought on market.
2. long-acting slow-release straw nutritive soil according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the stalk decomposing microbial inoculum is the microbial fermentation microbial inoculum, main component is the multiple micropopulation of decomposition of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and this stalk decomposing microbial inoculum is bought on market.
3. long-acting slow-release straw nutritive soil according to claim 1 is characterized in that: trace element fertilizer is the trace element fertilizer that comprises calcium, magnesium, sulphur, element silicon, and this trace element fertilizer is bought on market.
4. the preparation method of nutrition soil matrix matter is characterized in that this preparation method may further comprise the steps:
(1), stalk is handled: straw or wheat straw are torn bundle open, sunlight exposure sterilization 3 to 4 days;
(2), crushed stalk: pulverize length 0.8-1.2 centimetre with cracker;
(3), stir: get following component: perlite 25% according to percentage by weight, straw or wheat straw 65%, sustained release agent 2.0%, quicklime 0.75%, stalk decomposing microbial inoculum 0.75%, nitrogenous fertilizer 3.0%, pure phosphate fertilizer 1.0%, potash fertilizer 1.75%, trace element fertilizer 0.75%, mix, stir, make matrix; Above-mentioned sustained release agent is to be the sustained release agent of main component with the humic acid, and this sustained release agent is bought on market;
(4), matrix packing: press packing instructions with the matrix bag distribution packaging.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2009101813465A CN101647384B (en) | 2009-07-02 | 2009-07-02 | Horticultural long-acting and slow-release straw nutritional soil as well as preparation method and using method of nutritional soil substrate |
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| CN2009101813465A CN101647384B (en) | 2009-07-02 | 2009-07-02 | Horticultural long-acting and slow-release straw nutritional soil as well as preparation method and using method of nutritional soil substrate |
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| CN101647384B true CN101647384B (en) | 2011-01-12 |
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2009
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