CN1179881A

CN1179881A - Economic forest root-base water-saving cultivation series technique

Info

Publication number: CN1179881A
Application number: CN 97103541
Authority: CN
Inventors: 冯晋臣
Original assignee: Yin Mingyuan
Current assignee: Yin Mingyuan
Priority date: 1997-04-10
Filing date: 1997-04-10
Publication date: 1998-04-29
Anticipated expiration: 2017-04-10
Also published as: CN1172575C

Abstract

The present invention relates to a high-efficiency water-saving irrigation system capable of simultaneously resisting drought, retaining water, applying fertilizer, improving soil and making control of underground diseases and pests. It is mainly characterized by that a root-covering material with the functions of adsorption, storing water and aerating is spread in soil layer with conglomerate plant root system and the corresponding introduction holes are set up. Then, according to the requirements for plant growth and development and external weather environmental condition, the aqueous fertilizer can be injected into the root-covering material through introduction holes so as to attain the goal of increasing yield and saving water. As compared with drip irrigation, its water amount required for resisting drought can be saved by 80%.

Description

Economic forest root-base water-saving cultivation series technique

This patent belongs to crop breeding and cultivation technique field, is a kind of new system that is mainly used in the dry farming efficient water-saving irrigation.

More advanced water-saving agricultural technology has drip irrigation, mist filling, infiltrating irrigation, polyethylene film cover etc. at present in the world. Now analyze it:

1, drip irrigation: drip irrigation is carried out in the land for growing field crops dry farming, comparable conventional cultivation method (contrast) volume increase 20-80% (the fruit tree volume increase is low, melon, vegetables are higher). It needs power set, and the aqueous solution after filtering is delivered to drip irrigation mouth (water dropper), per hour defeated 2-8 liters of water. One tree is generally by putting three drip irrigation mouths, therefore, arid season drip irrigation drought resisting, per 1/15 hectare of (mu) per month drought resisting water consumption needs 50 meters at least³, wherein quite a few is that evaporation from land is fallen. Its shortcoming is that cost is very expensive, and is very high to water quality requirement, and ordinary maintenance is effort very also, and quality China of drip irrigation mouth not yet reaches a standard, and therefore is difficult to spread under the economy in the present rural area of China and technical conditions.^[1]

2, mist is filled with: mist commonly used in vegetable growing is filled with (microspray irrigation) technology, and its water consumption exists larger evaporation, floats the ease loss not second to drip irrigation, and is the same with drip irrigation also very high to water quality requirement, also needs to consume the more energy.^[2]Spread withstand voltage (more than the 3atm) pipeline and arrange closeer atomizer, per 1/15 hectare (mu) needs 2000 yuan of right left cashes at least.

3, infiltrating irrigation: infiltrating irrigation (the dark filling) is provided underground water permeating pipeline with holes, needs to build pond and compression pump on the ground; Ministry of Water Resources held the introduction of water-saving irrigation on-the-spot meeting in the Shanxi Province according to the spring in 1996, if use plastic conduit, then the worker of under ground portion, material investment per 1/15 hectare (mu) are 600-800 unit, add the facility of aerial part, and per 1/15 hectare (mu) needs investment more than 1500 yuan. Arid season is used the infiltrating irrigation drought resisting, and per 1/15 hectare of (mu) per month drought resisting water consumption is also wanted 20 meters³More than. Wherein there are many moisture content down to leak out to deep subsoil, become the unserviceable underground water of root system of plant, when these moisture evaporations, also can take the salt of deep subsoil to topsoil, make the soil salinization; On the other hand, water seepage hole very fast can Yin Genmao stretch into or the breeding of bacterium algae blocked, and affect the infiltrating irrigation effect.

4, polyethylene film cover: polyethylene film cover has the lot of advantages such as soil moisture conservation, insulation, but it is passive water-saving technology, and soil is eaten less than most of rainwater and dew, and hinders the gas permeability of soil, affect the activity of Soil Microorganism, be unfavorable for decomposition, the absorption of soil with organic matter. Therefore, inapplicable to pure dry land, dead soil, sandy soil ground and clayed soil at least; In the heat area, because the gas permeability of soil is poor, soil temperature is too high, even meeting " burning " root in addition. Therefore this method has suitable limitation.

And the drough-relief method of domestic routine (usefulness), so far be still sprinkle water, flood irrigation (basining irrigation) and sprinkling irrigation, at first shown absorb of soil for the loss of weeds in field growth with evaporation from land with the moisture content that these methods are irrigated, unnecessary moisture content down permeates, only have to the root hair zone this could be absorbed by plants in a flash, seepage down again, the root hair is beyond one's ability, and these moisture content just become the underground water that plant can't absorb. Therefore undesirable with conventional way drought resisting effect, flood irrigation makes soil compaction, fertile part of loss etc. pay effect and utmost point water wasting in addition. See Table 1.

In addition root fertilising, often because of arid, the base manure of First Year on the winter to autumn next year digs still and exists, and reason is arid and stuffiness, and Soil Microorganism is unable to resolve into fertile part that plant can absorb with them; Root system also is difficult to expansion. As for to fertilize, also often can't dissolve because of arid, make plant be difficult to absorb, in case run off by the heavy rain flushing again rainy season or down leak into the root system of plant deep subsoil that is beyond one's reach, waste very large.

Table 1, drought resisting effect comparison sheet

Method	Dry season per 1/15 hectare of (mu) per month drought resisting water consumption rice³	Surface evaporation	Underground leakage	1/15 hectare (mu) investment (contain and throw the worker) (unit)^*
Method		Surface evaporation	Underground leakage		This patent	2-8	Few	Few	150-500 (reason gold expenditure can be 0)
Infiltrating irrigation	About 20	Few	Many	More than 1500^**	This patent	2-8	Few	Few	150-500 (reason gold expenditure can be 0)
Infiltrating irrigation	About 20	Few	Many	More than 1500^**	Drip irrigation	More than 50	Many	Few	More than 2500
Mist is filled with	More than 50	Many	Few	About 2000	Drip irrigation	More than 50	Many	Few	More than 2500
Mist is filled with	More than 50	Many	Few	About 2000	Sprinkle and water	More than 50	Many	Many	Drip irrigation equipment is high to be taken, and is difficult to spread in China. And the present China of the quality of drip irrigation mouth not yet reaches a standard.
Sprinkling irrigation	50-80	Many	Many		Sprinkle and water	More than 50	Many	Many
Sprinkling irrigation	50-80	Many	Many	Flood irrigation	More than 100	Many	Many

* the RMB number of this investment value, the price when declaring is calculated;

* infiltrating irrigation investment has counted the expense of building the pond; If do not count, the then investment of 1/15 hectare (mu) (worker, material) needs 600-800 unit.

Drip irrigation, mist filling, infiltrating irrigation, polyethylene film cover, subsoil application, zero tillage and the above-mentioned measures such as routine irrigation, they all fail drought resisting, water conservation, fertilising, improvement soil are organically combined with the underground disease and pest of control simultaneously; Especially in the cultivation of dry crop, more need combine them. In order to realize this purpose, we have created this irrigation system.

In addition, adopting in the conventional irrigation method situation, the National Agricultural water consumption accounts for 80% of China's total water amount, and is really utilized seldom by plant absorbing, and therefore the production efficiency (crop yield of the unit water yield) of agricultural water is less than 1 kg/m³ Agricultural is the mainstay of China's economy. Future society and expanding economy depend on the optimum continuable utilization of various resources, and these resources are soil, water and bio-diversity, and they are bases of agricultural production. And China's water resource extremely lacks, and average annual precipitation 648mm is lower than the year average in world land and Asia, per capita the water yield be the world per capita 25%; North damage caused by a drought is even more serious, per capita the water yield be the world per capita 8.7%, the average water yield of hectare is 17.2% of world's average. " water " has become one of key factor of restriction Chinese agricultural development, such as northwest loess plateau, its soil has potential fertility, but by irrigating competence exertion, and the resident of this area is subject to the threat that drinking water lacks, and just becomes unlikely if consume a large amount of agricultural water with conventional irrigation way. According to estimates, China is because shortage of water resources, only grain yield this, just lose about 100,000,000 tons every year. Some water-deficient areas, the year after year over-extraction of underground water and draining are uncomfortable, the problems such as land subsidence, Analyses for Seawater Intrusion, water pollution and salination, bogginess have been caused, further reduced the utilizability of local water resource, aggravated soil degradation, soil fertility decline, farm output are reduced, and serious place also causes desertification. As seen the agricultural water conservation problem also is a severe social concern. Therefore, research and extension high-efficiency water-saving new agricultural technology is also set up corresponding system, and the track that makes agriculture development include sustainable development in is very necessary.

China still has hundred million mu of arable lands of 2-3 not have irrigation conditions, and 592 the poor county's major parts in the whole nation are in these areas, and the there is again ethnic minority live inconcentrated communities, exists to be the extremely rare resource of competition, and the hidden danger of national interest conflict occurs. Because poverty there though the advanced Technology of Drought-resistant such as drip irrigation, mist filling or infiltrating irrigation are arranged, also can't be used; Just being badly in need of a kind of drought resisting, effect of increasing production can fill with and compare with infiltrating irrigation, drip irrigation, mist, and investment is much smaller than them, and the enforcement approach can " soil " energy " ocean ", the efficient drought-resistant technology than strong adaptability is arranged, and this is another free-revving engine that we study this irrigation system.

Below we introduce the theoretical foundation of this irrigation system, key content, specific targets and several enforcement approach of technical scheme:

We know that what agrology was emphasized is to manage to make soil aggregate, that is to say that " crumb structure " is the direction of soil improvement, and the physical characteristic of crumb structure is to have simultaneously the ventilative function of absorption, Chu Liuyu. Botany and plant physiology are told us, and the mechanism of plant absorbing water, fertilizer can be described as the physical process that power is provided with its metabolism basically; In huge root system, those sturdy root systems only play fixedly plant, only having the root hair zone is to absorb water, fertile place, and it is equivalent to plant " face ", is distributed in tree crown such as the root hair compact districts of trees and drips in the soil layer of lower certain depth along that circle. So for soil barren and easy drought, needn't go comprehensive improvement, as long as improve the part soil that plant growth is affected most critical---the root hair zone that the distribution of vegetable hair radicula is the most intensive, the most economy and strategy.

This patent is exactly to analyze existing technology with theoretical, and after investigating its physical substance, from a kind of can carry out drought resisting, water conservation, fertilising and the improvement soil of physical angle in conjunction with Relevant Subjects Knowledge Creations such as botany, agrology, ecology, cultivations, can prevent and treat again the new system of dry farming efficient water-saving irrigation of underground disease and pest---foundation irrigation system (being called for short " root filling ").

The foundation irrigation system is made of following parts: 1, adsorbent, 2, input hole, 3, large and small control valve, 4, do,, three grades of liquid-transport pipe-lines of hair and corresponding joint thereof, 5, power set and water pump, 6, the pond; Wherein adsorbent and input hole are necessary. Key problem in technology and the specific targets of this system are:

Excavate the intensive scope of plant capillary root place part upper layer of soil, the degree of depth is take damage root system within reason as principle. Then spread the certain thickness adsorbent of compacting at Na Gouli, so because adsorbent there with capillary root bag get up to be called Bao Genqu; The table soil that then will originally dig is topped on Bao Genqu, simultaneously every 1-2 rice, stays the input hole (hole) about a little diameter 6-10 centimetres in topped soil layer, and the lower end, hole will contact with the adsorption layer of Bao Genqu. Just timely and appropriately the water of certain proportioning, the fertile filling are executed in the adsorbent of Bao Genqu by input hole later on, because there is intensive root hair the there, so be equivalent to plant " face ", therefore can reach the purpose of efficient drought-resistant and fertilising, input hole also is passage and the perfusion hole of root, preferably it is covered in aperture (as with single) at ordinary times. Should before field planting, set Bao Genqu to annual dry farming. Particularly plastic greenhouse is cultivated the anti-season melon dish of shallow root, available " plain cotton fabric method " finished the bag root and processed: dig bag root ditch one wide about 20 centimetres, dark 15-25 centimetre at field planting district soil, fill up the special-purpose adsorbent of bag root (adsorbent plane earth or a little more than ground) in the ditch, then on adsorbent, cover with wide about 30 centimetres PVC, PE Polypropylence Sheet (film) or waste and old fabric envelope, the cloth both sides are pushed down with thin mud, again on cloth every 1 meter hole of making a call to a diameter 6-10 centimetre, insert immediately the suitable plastic sleeve of diameter (present viablesubstitute, can produce specially in the future), about 5 centimetres of adsorption layers are goed deep at the cylinder end, stack shell bassets more than 10 centimetres, so that the filling of liquid manure liquid is executed in the future. Shown in following each figure, directly do not cultivate annual dry farming on the general Bao Genqu; If designing requirement is the directly annual dry farming of cultivation on Bao Genqu, at this moment should be on the plain cotton fabric of Bao Genqu, beat " culture hole " of a little right quantities by spacing in the rows, so that the usefulness during field planting, at this moment bag root adsorbent should be selected after the crop field planting in addition, no longer strongly becomes thoroughly decomposed, ferments and cause the root-wrapping material of mashed root.

The science of this irrigation system is that from soil improvement be guiding theory; turn to according to taking measures with the soil texture granule; to bring into play its absorption, storage stream and airing function, efficiently utilize water, fertilizer and Promoting plant growth thereby reach, improve the purpose of output and quality.

Different dry crops, because the concrete difference in its farming, cultivation, will be with multi-form bag root type: individual plant bag root be processed, and its Bao Genqu will reach tree crown and drip and continue to use longly more than 1/3 down, and Bao Gen and wrap root processing etc. in flakes in addition embarks on journey. Other types can be according to the actual needs of dry farming, derivation and getting. Their key problem in technology and specific targets, see Table 2 with Fig. 1 to Fig. 5. Fig. 1 is individual plant bag root schematic diagram, " 1 " expression capillary root intensive part among the figure (tree crown drip lower edge), and " 2 " are adsorbents, and " 3 " are topped soil layer, and " 4 " refer to input hole. Fig. 2 is that tree crown intersects lined the adult economic fruit-bearing forest bag root schematic diagram of embarking on journey, and its Bao Genqu should rotate year by year, puts if First Year erects, and then next year changes into horizontal; The tree crown of " 1 " expression bearing tree among the figure, " 2 " are the Bao Genqu that embarks on journey, " 3 " are input holes. Fig. 3 is mu dry farming of the density 4000-5000 strain bag root schematic diagram of embarking on journey, and at this moment crop can do the wide-and narrow-row cultivation, and Bao Genqu is located at narrow row or wide interline; " 1 " expression plant among the figure, " 2 " are the Bao Genqu that embarks on journey, " 3 " are input holes. Fig. 4 is mu dry farming of the density 600-1000 strain bag root schematic diagram of embarking on journey, the one-sided Bao Genqu that establishes of plant at this moment, and 2-4 is share an input hole; " 1 " expression plant among the figure, " 2 " are the Bao Genqu that embarks on journey, " 3 " are input holes. Fig. 5 is high anti-season melon dish " rich " the font bag root schematic diagram of economic worth, and wherein (1) figure is suitable for leaf near vegetables such as cabbage, the root vegetables etc. on ground, and (2) figure is suitable for that leaf overhead far can be poured water, fertilising person in the middle of the ridge; " 1 " is Bao Genqu among the figure, and " 2 " are input holes, and about 1.2 meters of row spacings all can be by certain seeding row spacing kind melon dish except the input hole place in the ridge. The key problem in technology of the corresponding bag root of table 2. type and the relation table between the part dry farming

Bag root type	The bag root object	Furrow width * ditch depth (centimetre)	Hole count (individual)	The thickness of adsorption layer after the compacting (centimetre)
Bag root type	The bag root object	Furrow width * ditch depth (centimetre)	Hole count (individual)		Individual plant bag root	The uncrossed lined economic fruit-bearing forest of tree crown; The thin planting mulberry.	20-30×25-35	The long bag root ditch of every 1-1.5 rice stays 1 hole.	Economic fruit-bearing forest: 10-20; Mulberry: 5-10.
Individual plant bag root	Children age economic fruit-bearing forest, watermelon, muskmelon. General mu density is less than 800 strains.	15-20 * 20-30 (ditch of fruit-bearing forest is partially dark)	1 every.	10-15。	Individual plant bag root		20-30×25-35	The long bag root ditch of every 1-1.5 rice stays 1 hole.	Economic fruit-bearing forest: 10-20; Mulberry: 5-10.
Individual plant bag root			1 every.	10-15。	The bag root of embarking on journey	Tree crown has intersected lined economic fruit-bearing forest, is convenient to implement mechanization Bao Genyu and does water tower transfusion net.	20-30×30-40	1.5-2 one in rice.	15-20 (not surpassing 25).
The bag root of embarking on journey	Corn: width narrow row planting narrow rows or Wide row set package root zone; planting mulberry, Tea: Unilateral set package root zone.	15-20×20-30	Corn: 1 m 1 Months; mulberry, tea: 1-1.5 m 1	Corn :10-15 Mulberry Tea :5-10	The bag root of embarking on journey		20-30×30-40	1.5-2 one in rice.	15-20 (not surpassing 25).
The bag root of embarking on journey		15-20×20-30	Corn: 1 m 1 Months; mulberry, tea: 1-1.5 m 1	Corn :10-15 Mulberry Tea :5-10	"Feng" shaped Package root	Greenhouses greenhouse and south-season Festival vegetables.	15-20 × 15-30 (Shallow-rooted vegetables ditch shallow)	1/15 ha (Mu) Super Over 3000 1 M 1, otherwise 1.5 m 1.	5-15 (organic fillers Temperature effect).

* Note: 1, planting annual crops should be in the package before you set up the root zone;

2, where the slope of the input hole should be located in the slope above;

3, with straw or weeds for package root materials, each bag of rice straw to be the root trench 2.5-10 kg per 1/15 ha

(Mu) usually takes 500-1000 kg.

4, into a piece of lined bag package root is the root of development, every 1-2 meters²Let an input jack, often for seedbed seedling to seedling culture

Such as rice and other dry nursery.

Package root with absorbent material, that package root material, press law preparation:

1 package root material physiochemical properties and composition

Root of the package with the adsorption material, the package root material is essential components and the additional components of two parts, so that Li Characteristics of the following indicators:

(1) Density (density) <1 g / cm³；

(2) The basic package root material composition, shall be strong adsorption, can retain water, fertilizer, and there is good drainage ventilation Of non-toxic, harmless substances. Total porosity> 60%, large pores (gas storage) 20% small pores (retention) > 40%;

(3) nutrient rich package containing special basal root, making it available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content of 100 - 200PPM; calcium, magnesium and sulfur content of more than 50-100PPM;

(4) contain a certain proportion of the aggregate structure accelerators, sticky when wet to form groups;

(5) contain a certain proportion of water retaining agent, does not crack when dry;

(6) According to local needs by adding a certain amount of soil disinfectant;

(7) Based on local need a certain amount of underground pest control pesticides (suitably non-absorption by);

(8) PH value 6-7. If necessary, use KOH, NaOH or phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid and other adjustments.

This package root materials are the following recipe and preparation method, are shown in Table 3 and 4. Table 3, the long-common package root material preparation table

Table 4. Economical package root material commonly used preparation table

When the general promotion of the irrigation system, the package root material should be made of special "package root block" or "package root bundles" or "Package root grain" to accommodate the use of different types of mechanized operations to achieve the required processing package root, then root wrapping materials also Has the following characteristics:

(9) containing a proportion of the preservative;

(10) more stable physical and chemical properties, can be used continuously for more than 5 years;

(11) containing a proportion of the adhesive (co) agents;

(12) a certain hardness or support, ease of mechanized operations, such as packet root block can be made of a honeycomb structure.

2, long-acting preparation of materials commonly used in the package root

Long-acting package root material characteristics, is treated as a package root, you can use about five years or longer time frame, only To annually appropriate to add some special basal package root to continue with the additional ingredients used. Commonly used long-acting package root Material preparation, see Table 3.

3, economical package root commonly used in the preparation of materials

Cheap package root material used primarily for annual dry, can also be used on perennial fruit trees, the annual late autumn The fruit trees may impose less Fertilizers, package root treatment can be replaced, if still applied point basal, treatment should be combined with the same package root Pm. Common economic package root material preparation, see Table 4.

Foundation irrigation systems, efficient water can greatly both fertilizer section, for a series of ancillary use Fertilizer:

1 package root-specific basal

Fertilization in accordance with the idea of package root-specific basal root package is based on different raw materials, ingredients contained in The difference between mineral elements, for the preparation of, the package root material within six kinds of large, medium volume elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, Magnesium, sulfur) content package root material to meet the relevant technical specifications requirements.

2, the package root-specific long-term CO2 fertilizer granules

For greenhouses and other protected cultivation of rainfed, or 1/15 hectares (acres) planting density in 4000 Above Daejeon dry, such as corn, sorghum, sugar cane, can be applied to the package root-specific long-term CO2 fertilizer granules. As follows:

(A) in the greenhouse or other protected cultivation in the package root material used should be evenly mixed package root-specific CO2 length Efficiency particulate fertilizer; every 1/15 hectares (acres) Dosage 6000-7000 grams, from the completion date of the package root treatment, approximately one month Sustainable constantly releasing CO2 ↑, protected within the carbonic acid gas concentrations by 70% or more, a week after the crop yield or Growth will have a very significant increase.

(2) maize, sorghum, sugar cane and other C4 plants, photosynthesis strong, they should be in greater nutritional requirements Filling stage, the package root-specific long-term CO2 fertilizer granules, applied to the package by entering the hole into the root zone, the amount of each 1/15 ha (Mu) 5000-10000 grams. Within one month, especially in the midday sun, the temperature is higher can release more CO2 months, and this time it is usually busy when the height of plant photosynthesis, just need more carbonic acid gas. Its He can also be similarly high density dry administered.

3, the package root-specific topdressing

Package root-specific fertilizer is calculated according to the following five principles formulated:

(A) northern and southern differences in soil;

(2) the intensity of light, temperature, hot and cold (such as protected cultivation and field cultivation of the difference);

(3) crop varieties;

(4) planting density, such as high-density package root-specific CO2 to increase long-term particulate fertilizer.

(5) spectrum with a dedicated dressing (such as early hot watermelon, melon, flowers, Rosaceae and Rutaceae fruits, etc.).

So there are dozens of high-yielding spirit (Po) Series package root-specific dressing to suit the needs of different situations; due to space Limitations, here only four kinds of package root-specific dressing:

(A) broad-spectrum protection and Drought package root-specific dressing:

a, superphosphate 0.3132

b, ammonium nitrate 0.0144

c, potassium nitrate 0.2192

d, magnesium 0.1794

e, calcium nitrate 0.2738

TOTAL: 1.0000;

(2) Protection and Drought package root-specific broad-spectrum foliar fertilizer:

a, ammonium nitrate 0.0325

b, magnesium 0.1956

c, calcium nitrate 0.5277

d, potassium sulfate 0.1393

e, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1049

Total: 1.0000 Plus: Chelated trace elements (iron, manganese, boron, zinc, copper, molybdenum, sodium, etc.) and rare earth fertilizer

140-350mg / L Other additional ingredients appropriate;

(3) Daejeon dry broad package root-specific dressing:

a, superphosphate 0.1936

b, ammonium nitrate 0.0624

c, potassium nitrate 0.2222

d, magnesium 0.2368

e, calcium nitrate 0.2850

TOTAL: 1.0000;

(4) Daejeon dry broad package root-specific foliar fertilizer:

a, ammonium nitrate 0.1090

b, magnesium 0.2439

c, calcium nitrate 0.4279

d, potassium sulfate 0.1581

e, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.0611

140-350m9/L

Other additional ingredients appropriate;

Foundation irrigation system implementation, according to the region's economic and technological conditions, select the appropriate implementation approach. For economic and technological development or modernization of farms in areas that can be used irrigation equipment towers infusion network foundation to implement; For Very poor arid farmers, as long as willing to point out labor, or even can not spend a penny of cash can be implemented.

1, for our country and the implementation of the Third World arid rural route

(1) package root material

According to our research finished, package root materials should be strong adsorption, good air permeability (porosity 60-80%), physical and chemical More stable performance, a certain hardness or support of harmless substances, it is best special "package root block", "package root bundle" Or "package root tablets." However, considering the large scissors our industrial and agricultural products, rural and poorer arid areas, so As "indigenous" launched, to mention creating local conditions chosen package root material, it can be the first (9) or section (10) Two Economic Type commonly used package root material; For the very poor arid, available straw, wheat straw or weeds for package root materials, each bag of rice Straw 2.5-10 kg trench need root (equivalent to 5-20 cm thick), 1/15 hectares (acres) dosage is generally between 500 - 1000 kg between. ...

Package root zone settings by hand to complete; enter the appropriate diameter hole punch available punched, but also with the corresponding The diameter of the stick as a mold to obtain, and then set into the equivalent diameter of waste plastic beverage bottles (the bottle two amputated cylindrical), For the very poor arid soil can also be used to paste into input jack (conditionally, the hole within the surrounding soil mixed with some lime (the South) or Stone Paste thick (north) can also be coated on the surface of the hole red mud); pitch according to crop conditions may be, Figure 1 - Figure 5.

(3) of liquid fertilizer irrigation facilities

Irrigation water needed by manually applied to the input jack, but also a certain amount of package root fertilizer and pesticides, along with the water Applied into the package root zone. Pesticides applied mainly to kill underground pests, should use non-systemic pesticide residues in drug toxicity can be avoided Plagued by problems. Fertilizer, the quantity and type of drug, depending on the crop species, growth stage, climatic and environmental situation Conditions or types of pests and plant size.

These are the roots with soil irrigation systems approach to the implementation of the scheme, the outstanding advantages of indigenous methods, for the poor Sleepy arid farmers, as long as willing to point out labor, can not spend a penny of cash that can achieve efficient water and seize Feng Production effects: drip irrigation and drought water only 10-20%, while the yield comparable with drip irrigation. This is true for In the third world countries, there are practical significance, because the drought and water shortage is a major problem worldwide.

2, economic and technological modernization of farms developed areas or implementation approach

For economic and technological modernization of farms or developed areas, can be the foundation of irrigation water tower infusion network device is not implemented, This scheme is called "foreign law":

(1) package root material

At this time, for the perennial economic fruit forest or nursery, its package root material should be selected by long-acting. Strong economic conditions Farm, available formulations I, II, IV, economic conditions are not very strong place available formulations V, VI; also be arbitrarily Optional. For annual dry or seedlings can be selected according to local conditions economical package root materials either.

(2) package root zone and enter the hole formed

When our foundation to promote irrigation system, it will have a dedicated package root root wrapping machinery for processing, which As plastic film covering the rise, there is a "laminating machine" that. In order to facilitate mechanized operations, planting density on Acre 1/15 hectares (acres) 300-1000 strains of melon, fruit, forest and other dry shown in Figure 4 can be lined package root treatment. Acre 1/15 hectares (acres) of planting density less than 300 fruit, forest, can be shown in Figure 6-mesh bag limit treatment, The figure "1" is the plant, "2" is the package root zone, "3" is the input jack, the input control the distances between holes 1-2 meters Between the number of pore, as plants, the size of the spacing, Figure 6 is a schematic diagram, the number of holes which can be Different with the actual implementation. Other conditions, see Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 5 may be. ...

When our foundation to promote irrigation system, it will have a dedicated package root root wrapping machinery for processing, which As plastic film covering the rise, there is a "laminating machine" that. In order to facilitate mechanized operations, planting density on Acre 1/15 hectares (acres) 300-1000 strains of melon, fruit, forest and other dry shown in Figure 4 can be lined package root treatment. Acre 1/15 hectares (acres) of planting density less than 300 fruit, forest, can be shown in Figure 6-mesh bag limit treatment, The figure "1" is the plant, "2" is the package root zone, "3" is the input jack, the input control the distances between holes 1-2 meters Between the number of pore, as plants, the size of the spacing, Figure 6 is a schematic diagram, the number of holes which can be Different with the actual implementation. Other conditions, see Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 5 may be. ...²Playing around 6-10 cm diameter hole, insert diameter equivalent plastic Material sleeve (adsorption layer depth of about 5 cm) constitute input jack, and the cover cloth in Monte poke some "planting hole" Serve.

(3) of liquid fertilizer irrigation facilities

Towers infusion through a dedicated network system to complete filling of liquid fertilizer applied. Each economy is not very strong regions Can be "indigenous" and describes the use of artisanal liquid fertilizer irrigation facilities, the formation of "half soil, half-foreign," the implementation of the pattern.

The tower foundation of infusion of irrigation systems, and in accordance with their design requirements and different functions can be divided into:

One, fixed network system towers infusion

Result of this system needs to site design, so here only add references Syria. First constructed in pastoral affixed inside a cylindrical Pool, easy add fertilizer, dosing, pool volume, according to need, generally do not have frost layer. An appropriate lift Pumps, pumping the water from the water into the pool, the pump should be close to the wall spout dive 30 ° -45 °, in order to Water into the pool when the agitation can play role in accelerating fat, drug-opening. Enough to be open when the water tank is connected with the main valve, Pool of liquid through the pump will push net dry infusion tube, and then the size of the different branch junction, in the dry pipe tap Branch, the branch pipe and then tap capillary, capillary shall be plastic hose (such as polyethylene PE pipes), installed on a micro-capillary Type flow control valve, and then into the bag to the outlet end of the input hole in the root zone, so that liquid water and fertilizer crops will be required Be timely, adequate facilities into the package to the root zone, thus completing the foundation of the whole process of irrigation. Generally dry pipe commonly used hard tube (eg Polyvinyl chloride PVC pipe) laid on the ground, laying hose manifold can be used on the ground; when large irrigation or irrigation elevation change Pivot irrigation area is large so that the pressure exceeds 5kg/cm ...²Result of this system needs to site design, so here only add references Syria. First constructed in pastoral affixed inside a cylindrical Pool, easy add fertilizer, dosing, pool volume, according to need, generally do not have frost layer. An appropriate lift Pumps, pumping the water from the water into the pool, the pump should be close to the wall spout dive 30 ° -45 °, in order to Water into the pool when the agitation can play role in accelerating fat, drug-opening. Enough to be open when the water tank is connected with the main valve, Pool of liquid through the pump will push net dry infusion tube, and then the size of the different branch junction, in the dry pipe tap Branch, the branch pipe and then tap capillary, capillary shall be plastic hose (such as polyethylene PE pipes), installed on a micro-capillary Type flow control valve, and then into the bag to the outlet end of the input hole in the root zone, so that liquid water and fertilizer crops will be required Be timely, adequate facilities into the package to the root zone, thus completing the foundation of the whole process of irrigation. Generally dry pipe commonly used hard tube (eg Polyvinyl chloride PVC pipe) laid on the ground, laying hose manifold can be used on the ground; when large irrigation or irrigation elevation change Pivot irrigation area is large so that the pressure exceeds 5kg/cm ...

2, I-type semi-fixed network system tower infusion

2, I-type semi-fixed network system tower infusion...

The fields with pool; stem, branch, capillary hoses are made of reinforced plastic, as well as water pumps (including power) They are mobile. While there needs to be the foundation of irrigation, it will be dry, branch, capillary and the corresponding connector and water Pumps (including power) shipped there, real time stem, branch, Pipe Fittings hair into the desired infusion associated pipeline network and with the Pumps, pool phase connection, turn the pump that is able to complete the required tasks applied irrigation water and fertilizer solution.

This type of tower infusion systems, and requires hub pressure less than 5kg/cm²Therefore most suitable for irrigated area is not ten Large field of dry, especially the ladder to use, then the pool is also a terrace in the sump, do both. More Jane Using only a single length of hose is directly connected to the water supply device outlet, the water poured by hand each input holes.

4, mobile towers infusion network system

Fields or greenhouses without construction of the pool by a driving force of the pump fluid transport vehicle replacement; stem, branch, capillary with the corresponding The joint is moved, with the use, with the (loaded) then, with the shop, Puwan received after dry pipe inlet pump outlet , Start the pump can be the foundation of irrigation (we can use the "simpler ..." sort of way). Such type Water tower in infusion systems, and is best suited for rural agricultural station for a field a farmer contracted to implement the foundation irrigation Purposes. Also applies to the irrigated area is not too large, farmland scattered farms and farmers to use. The advantage is greatly reduced Water channel leakage loss, wide application, less investment, and foreign service, so return on capital invested Fast. ...

● The foundation of irrigation systems in the dry season, usually a maximum of irrigation water once a week, every 1/15 hectares (acres) Irrigation 0.25-2 m³, Generally have one hour to finish filling, if appropriate to increase the water pressure then the flow will be doubled, with no After half an hour to sink; severe drought filling up twice a week, every 1/15 hectares (acres) irrigation 0.5-2 m³It is enough. Therefore, a mobile tower infusion systems, and can be moved not only every day, but a day to move Many times for different irrigation irrigation for the foundation, that is, a set of equipment to play the role of many sets of equipment.

● If using a fixed tower infusion systems, and 400 hectares (6,000 acres) of land with a 180 m³Of the pool, With 1-2 6BA-8 type of pump (not including the water pumped from the pool water pump), will be enough. Because a small At least to irrigation 6 hectares, once per hour to switch the pump to dry pipe water supply valve, then one day you can run 10 hours Sink 60 hectares, 7 days a week, it can irrigate 420 hectares to complete the foundation, or 7 days turnaround time; drought season, plus a Night shift one day run for 20 hours, still seven days turnaround time, this time two pumps can take turns to work in order to dissipate heat.

Let's examine the patented technology compared with the background of the advanced nature of the above that the patent and by combining irrigation, drip irrigation, Mist irrigation, deep fertilizer, mulch cover and tillage related advantages, is the only international able drought, water retention, Shi Fertilizers, soil improvement and control of underground pests combine both rainfed and efficient water-saving irrigation systems; also Daejeon plant factory to achieve an efficient low powerful new initiatives. The reason why this patent has such advanced, Because of the patented design has the following inherent advantages, in fact, a concrete manifestation of nature:

1, the first package root zone that is actually essential for the growth of plants that part of the "soil" for the human Improvement, namely the role of having a granular structure where the adsorbed species replace inferior soil. 2, due to the chemotactic roots Water, becoming fat, while fertilizer package root zone where it is stored, so the package root treatment shortly after the package root zone adsorbate Lane began to grow into quality roots, the final form burlap root; Results of fine roots itself has become an adsorbed species Points, and the adsorption material is alive. 3, because the package root zone where the roots are so dense, so the complete package root crops Treatment, after the input hole water, fertilizer or pesticides irrigation facilities there, as fed to the plant, "mouth", the absorption Lee With a high rate, thus drought, fertilization or kill some of the effects of pests and diseases is high. 4, including the root zone above a very thick one Layer is covered with soil, so the package root method has the characteristics of deep underground facilities, water and fertilizer difficult evaporation loss is not easily Table The use of surface weeds. 5, was applied to the root zone of the fertilizer package, due to be adsorbed by the accumulation of the body, and therefore not and downward leakage, And it could be fully absorbed by plants, to play its due role; when the drug was applied, but also adjust the root domain near The PH plant, making it suitable for microbial activity, root growth and certain parts of the dissolution and absorption of fat. 6, including the root zone Adsorption layer can be pooled rain runoff, and without absorbing too much. 7, the package root root pruning process has the characteristics Plus the input function and ventilation holes material fermentation of organic package root root domain warming will lead to rapid root development, but also There is conducive to microbial decomposition and decomposition of organic fertilizer, easy to plant uptake. 8, with the system watering drought, To avoid soil erosion due to water spray, destruction aggregate structure and lowering fertility; addition to its cultivation area is small, can be Reduce soil erosion, terrain adaptable, in addition to the ground outside, hills, slopes, terracing is also very applicable. 9, to the package Root zone irrigation facilities non-absorption of pesticides, which can effectively control underground pests nor the hardship residual drug toxicity. 10, although this patent Very rich in content, but the operation is simple and feasible, nor any side effects on the crop, and the root of the package with absorbent material may To subjects, are everywhere, if and green manuring, or basal fertilizer applied after fruit combination carried the timing right and can save labor And materials, so the method is easy to spread and be welcomed by farmers. 11, the irrigation system can be indigenous to implement; while drops Irrigation, mist irrigation and so can not use indigenous methods to implement them if indigenous methods are degenerate into a "sprinkling" of the. 12, so that With the foundation of irrigation systems, dry season irrigation irrigation water every 7-10 days, does not take one hour each time, so that the system design Prepare high reuse; while drip irrigation, mist irrigation micro-irrigation is carried out with the moment at any time, so long on a device does not cover Used (see Table 1). ...

Use foundation irrigation systems, usually (field capacity at maximum field (insurance) when more than 60% water) only Because Shi package root specific fertilizer or the need for pesticides, 1-2 times monthly irrigation water on it, each 1/15 hectares (acres) Not more than 2 meters³. To the dry season, irrigation was necessary every 10 days or once a week foundation irrigation, each 1/15 Hectares (acres) irrigation 0.25-2 m³; Severe drought, such as hot and dry season, before the foundation of irrigated twice a week (Interval of 3-4 days), each 1/15 hectares (acres) irrigation 0.5-2 m³Enough. Irrigation to make the package root zone adsorption Substance reaches maximum water holding capacity of 60-80% is appropriate, to refrain from the package root zone of the adsorbed species PF value close to 0 or less than 0, Otherwise, water will leak deepened, wasteful irrigation water use.

Since the foundation of irrigation water to drought pole province, so the use of indigenous methods to implement the patent arid poverty, the elderly, Youth and women's labor can be done by means of this irrigation system and drought, wins high yield task. Tests that have The following tangible results:

1, the yield and the economic effects

● foundation irrigation systems, through the corn, fruit trees, vegetables, melons, mulberry, tea and other crops on the test proved that the The dry season, the drought water every 1/15 hectares (acres) is only 2-8 meters per month³Than irrigation, drip irrigation, sprinkling, irrigation For the province, agricultural water productivity of up to 26.5 kg / m³(The national average is less than 1 kg / to³); Also significantly increase High fertilizer use efficiency, test area yield increased 95% confidence interval 22.36-79.20%, net income increased 59.00 -77.89%, Input-output ratio up 1:6-30.

● Experts pointed out that the characteristics of this patent are: 1, adsorption material situ reclaimer; 2, can significantly improve the soil and Raise the degree of water and fertilizer utilization; 3, can significantly water, fertilizer, yield, drought irrigation water is less than 1/3, Drought saving power and labor; 4, can enhance plant resistance, growth is good, high output, low cost, production rate can be With drip comparable (20-80%), while the cost is only about 5% of drip irrigation ("homemade") -25% ("foreign law"), Obvious economic benefits; 5, the method is simple, without any side effects.

● test proved: the more arid areas, the use of foundation planting rainfed irrigation systems, to increase production of its drought Effect is more significant. The authors have used "extreme irrigation and fertilization" simulation of the "arid", and the results were Group (with the same amount of fertilizer applied to the conventional method) vegetable grow to a certain size, all dry and crops; foundation for irrigation The test group, it is good to maintain normal growth of vegetables, and therefore increase rate is "∞". The biological test results Implication is that the foundation of conventional irrigation methods giving the same amount of small amounts of water, fertilizer, in arid regions, almost no effect; And with the same small amount of water and fertilizer through the irrigation system to use foundation, because of its high efficiency, able to play for a considerable Purposes. Under normal circumstances, the basic rate of irrigated yield was positively correlated with the degree of drought. ...

(A) to reduce soil degradation

a, with the foundation of the irrigation system irrigation and drought, soil erosion will not pour, nor will the underground salt leads to topsoil, Paul Retaining the arable layer of soil.

b, our tests show that for ten years the lake mulberry raw experimental group the standard monthly Meike only 10-15 grams of nitrogen, As regular fertilizing 5-20% of the amount of fertilizer, while the trial of the mulberry growing very strong. Less fertilizer can not only save investment, But also can reduce soil salinization due to compaction or deterioration caused effect.

(2) to help eliminate environmental pollution

a, there is a lot of organic matter in municipal solid waste garbage, such as leaves, broken table cloth, cotton waste, yarn waste can be used as package root The raw materials used, white pollution - foam after appropriate treatment, but also as package root material.

b, rural areas of coal, straw piled into a mountain is a fire hazard, and rice straw, wheat straw, weeds and after grinding Pressure cracking corn, sorghum stalks and other raw materials are very good package root.

This patent has a very wide range of applications and potential markets:

1, to promote regional

This law applies to Northwest China, North China, Northeast arid and semi-arid regions, Zhejiang-Jiangxi red soil hilly, Qingdao, Southwest of Hainan Island and other coastal cities and counties and abroad dry arid regions. Its drought water than irrigation, drip Irrigation, mist irrigation, sprinkling, irrigation, water-saving immersing respectively 70-90%; also substantial savings in the amount of fertilizer.

2, the application object

(A) economic fruit forest. Promote long saplings; has been opened students generally yield more than 20%, net income increased by 30% year Above.

(2) in-season fruits and vegetables (greenhouse crops). Generally yield more than 30%, when net income can be increased 40% or more.

(3) maize, sorghum. Because of the drought, some of the abandoned arable fields, can now take advantage of, and there are a lot of social Will benefit and strategic significance.

References

1, Zhejiang Agricultural University, Science and Technology Information compiled chamber, crop irrigation, agricultural science and technology communication, 1972.NO.3, P.31 -32;

2, Guangyi Chi ed crops irrigation, Water Power Press, July 1987 edition, P.1-50.

Claims

An economic Lin Genji Series water-saving cultivation techniques

Economic Lin Genji Series water-saving cultivation techniques, set drip irrigation, irrigation, mist irrigation, fertilizer and mulch deep cover, etc. Advantages, is currently the only international able drought, water, fertilizer, soil and control pests and diseases while underground Machine to combine efficient water-saving irrigation of rainfed new system - the foundation of irrigation systems. The system consists of the following components Structure Composition: (1) adsorption material;

(2) Enter the hole;

(3) large and small control valve;

(4) stem, branch, wool three infusion pipes and their corresponding connectors;

(5) power unit and pump;

(6) pool or water supply installations.

The above components, the adsorbed substance and the inlet opening is required, the setting procedure is as follows:

Plant roots dug capillary density range at the upper part of the soil, the depth to the principle of not unduly damage roots. However After compaction in that ditch covered with a certain thickness of the adsorbed species, because there will be adsorbed species capillary roots wrapped up It is called the package root zone; Then dig the original topsoil covering the root zone above the pack, but every 1-2 meters in coverage Leave some soil around 6-10 cm in diameter input aperture (hole), the hole bottom to the root zone with the package adsorption layer in contact. Later on timely and appropriate manner by entering the hole a certain proportion of water, fertilizer applied to the package root zone irrigation absorbent material, because Where there are dense hairs, so the equivalent of plants "mouth", so they can achieve the purpose of efficient drought and fertilization, Enter the vent hole is also a root drench with holes usually best to orifice (eg with grass) cover it. On the annual dry Should set a good package before planting the root zone. Especially in greenhouses greenhouse shallow-rooted anti-season vegetables, can be "bandage Law" To complete the package root treatment: in planting soil dug a width of 20 cm, 15-25 cm deep packet root ditch, ditch Fill the package root-specific adsorption material (absorbent material flat ground or slightly above the ground), then top with wide adsorbed substance About 30 cm of PVC, PE plastic sheeting (film) or scrap pieces of cloth covered on both sides with a thin mud cloth pressed, and then the cloth At intervals of one meter hit a hole with a diameter of 6-10 cm, then insert a plastic sleeve diameter considerably (currently available alternative Products, the future may specialize in the production), the adsorption layer cylinder bottom depth of about 5 cm, 10 cm above the barrel out of the ground to Facilitate future of liquid fertilizer irrigation facilities. General packet is not directly on the root zone of annual rainfed cultivation; design requirements if the package root District annual rainfed cultivation directly, then the root zone should be in the package bandage, press the appropriate number spacing play some holes (Planting hole), so when planting crops purposes, then another package root absorbent material should be used in the crop after planting, No longer strongly composting, fermentation package root rot caused material. ...

Plant roots dug capillary density range at the upper part of the soil, the depth to the principle of not unduly damage roots. However After compaction in that ditch covered with a certain thickness of the adsorbed species, because there will be adsorbed species capillary roots wrapped up It is called the package root zone; Then dig the original topsoil covering the root zone above the pack, but every 1-2 meters in coverage Leave some soil around 6-10 cm in diameter input aperture (hole), the hole bottom to the root zone with the package adsorption layer in contact. Later on timely and appropriate manner by entering the hole a certain proportion of water, fertilizer applied to the package root zone irrigation absorbent material, because Where there are dense hairs, so the equivalent of plants "mouth", so they can achieve the purpose of efficient drought and fertilization, Enter the vent hole is also a root drench with holes usually best to orifice (eg with grass) cover it. On the annual dry Should set a good package before planting the root zone. Especially in greenhouses greenhouse shallow-rooted anti-season vegetables, can be "bandage Law" To complete the package root treatment: in planting soil dug a width of 20 cm, 15-25 cm deep packet root ditch, ditch Fill the package root-specific adsorption material (absorbent material flat ground or slightly above the ground), then top with wide adsorbed substance About 30 cm of PVC, PE plastic sheeting (film) or scrap pieces of cloth covered on both sides with a thin mud cloth pressed, and then the cloth At intervals of one meter hit a hole with a diameter of 6-10 cm, then insert a plastic sleeve diameter considerably (currently available alternative Products, the future may specialize in the production), the adsorption layer cylinder bottom depth of about 5 cm, 10 cm above the barrel out of the ground to Facilitate future of liquid fertilizer irrigation facilities. General packet is not directly on the root zone of annual rainfed cultivation; design requirements if the package root District annual rainfed cultivation directly, then the root zone should be in the package bandage, press the appropriate number spacing play some holes (Planting hole), so when planting crops purposes, then another package root absorbent material should be used in the crop after planting, No longer strongly composting, fermentation package root rot caused material. ...

Corresponding type of technology package root dry with some key relationships between tables Package root type Package root object Groove width × Goushen (Cm) Holes (a) Adsorption layer after compaction Thickness (cm) Plant package root No cross-lined canopy economic fruit Lin; Sparse Sang. 20-30×25-35 1-1.5 meters per Long package root ditch Leaving a hole. Economic fruit forest :10-20; Sang :5-10. Plant package root Young economic fruit forest, watermelon, sweet Melon. Average density of less than 800 acres Strains. 15-20 × 20-30 (Fruit trees ditch darker) Meike 1. 10-15。 Trip package root Canopy has been cross-lined economic fruit Forest, to facilitate the implementation of mechanized package root And engage towers infusion net. 20-30×30-40 1.5-2 m a Months. 15-20 (Mo over 25). Trip package root Corn: width narrow row planting, wide rows Let package root zone; planting mulberry, tea: Unilateral set package root zone. 15-20×20-30 Corn: 1 m 1 Months; mulberry, tea: 1-1.5 m 1 Corn :10-15 Mulberry Tea :5-10 "Feng" shaped Package root Greenhouses greenhouse and south-season Festival vegetables. 15-20 × 15-30 (Shallow-rooted vegetables ditch shallow) 1/15 ha (Mu) Super Over 3000 1 M 1, otherwise 1.5 m 1. 5-15 (organic fillers Temperature effect).

* Note: ● planting annual crops should be in the package before you set up the root zone;

● the slope where the input hole should be located in the upper slope;

● with straw or weeds for package root materials, each bag of rice straw 2.5-10 kg require root trench, every 1/15 ha

(Mu) normally takes 5,001,000 kilograms.

● into a piece of lined bag package root is the root of development, every 1-2 meters²Let an input jack, often for seedbed seedling to seedling culture

Such as rice and other dry nursery.
2, including the preparation of root material

Package root material that is claims "1. Economic Lin Genji series of water-saving cultivation techniques described in" parts of the system (1) Adsorbed substances.

(A) the physical and chemical properties of package root material and ingredients

Root of the package with the adsorption material, the package root material is attached by the base composition and a two-part composition, its physical and chemical Characteristics should satisfy the following indicators:

a, the density (bulk density) <1 g / cm³；

b, the basic package root material composition, shall be strong adsorption, can retain water, fertilizer, and there is good drainage ventilation Of non-toxic, harmless substances. Total porosity> 60%, large pores (gas storage) 20% small pores (retention) > 40%;

c, nutrient rich package containing special basal root, making it available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content of 100 - 200PPM; calcium, magnesium and sulfur content of more than 50-100PPM;

d, contains a certain percentage of aggregate structure accelerators, sticky when wet to form groups;

e, contains a certain percentage of water retaining agent, does not crack when dry;

f, according to local needs by adding a certain amount of soil disinfectant;

g, according to local needs by adding a certain amount of underground pest control pesticides (suitably non-absorption by);

h, PH value 6-7. If necessary, use KOH, NaOH or phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid and other adjustments.

This package root materials are the following recipe and preparation method.

When the general promotion of the utility model, the package root material should be made of special "package root block" or "package root bundles" or "Package root grain" to accommodate the use of different types of mechanized operations to achieve the required processing package root, then root wrapping materials also Has the following characteristics:

i, containing a certain proportion of preservative;

j, more stable physical and chemical properties, can be used continuously for more than 5 years;

k, contain a certain proportion of the adhesive (combined) agents;

l, a certain hardness or support, ease of mechanized operations, such as packet root block can be made of a honeycomb structure.

(2), long-acting preparation of materials commonly used in the package root

Long-acting package root material characteristics, is treated as a package root, you can use about five years or longer time frame, only To annually appropriate to add some special basal package root to continue with the additional ingredients used. Commonly used long-acting package root Material preparation, see the "long-common package root material preparation table."

(3), economical package root commonly used in the preparation of materials

Cheap package root material used primarily for annual dry, can also be used on perennial fruit trees, the annual late autumn The fruit trees may impose less Fertilizers, package root treatment can be replaced, if still applied point basal, treatment should be combined with the same package root Pm. Common economic package root material preparation, see "economic package root material commonly used preparation table."
3, supporting the introduction of fertilizer

Claim "1. Economic Lin Genji series of water-saving cultivation techniques described in" through the foundation of the irrigation system Enter the hole irrigation water and fertilizer applied, both efficient water can greatly save fertilizer, for starting a series of ancillary Fertilizer:

(1) package root-specific basal

Fertilization in accordance with the idea of package root-specific basal root package is based on different raw materials, ingredients contained in the ore Qualitative difference between the elements, for the preparation of, the package root material within six kinds of large, medium volume elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, Sulfur) content, to meet claims "2. Package root material preparation" in the relevant technical specifications requirements.

(2) long-term package root-specific CO2 fertilizer granules

For greenhouses and other protected cultivation of rainfed, or 1/15 hectares (acres) planting density in 4000 Above Daejeon dry, such as corn, sorghum, sugar cane, can be applied to the package root-specific long-term CO2 fertilizer granules. As follows:

a, in greenhouses and other protected cultivation in the package root material used should be evenly mixed package root-specific long-term CO2 Granular fertilizer; every 1/15 hectares (acres) Dosage 6000-7000 grams, from the completion date of the package root treatment, approximately one month Sustainable constantly releasing CO2 ↑, protected within the carbonic acid gas concentrations by 70% or more, the property was made after one week The amount or volume growth will have a very significant increase.

b, corn, sorghum, sugar cane and other C4 plants, photosynthesis strong, they should be in greater nutritional requirements Filling stage, the package root-specific long-term CO2 fertilizer granules, applied to the package by entering the hole into the root zone, the amount of each 1/15 ha (Mu) 5000-10000 grams. Within one month, especially in the midday sun, the temperature is higher can release more CO2 ↑, and this time it is usually busy when the height of plant photosynthesis, just need more carbonic acid gas. Its He can also be similarly high density dry administered.

Long-common package root material preparation table Formula Material, performance     I     II     III     IV     V     VI Base This Become Share Perlite 1 m³(Source Much, More expensive) Vermiculite 1 m³(M source does not More expensive) 1, asbestos (rock Cotton) 0.5 m³; 2, the expansion of ceramic 0.5 m³ Plastic sponge 1 m³ Man-made fibers 1 m⁹ 1, cinder (slag) 0.8 m 2, carbonized rice husk, Or wheat husk ash, Garbage gray 0.2 m³(This material, cheap) Attach Plus Become Share Package root-specific basal 4072 g 3027 g 4212 g 4841 g 4141 g 3871 g Solid particle structure to promote system 555 g 522 g 575 g 660 g 565 g 520 g Absorbent water system 3000 g 1000 g 2000 g 1000 g 2000 g 2500 g Adhesive 3000 ~ 6000 g 2000 to 5000 g 4000 ~ 6000 g Total porosity (%) Around 60   ＞80 ＞60 ＞80 ＞60 ＞60 Gas, water adsorption volume ratio PH 1:1 to On 6.0-6.5 1:4 (After absorbing water body Volume swell) 6.0-6.5 1:2.5 above 6.0-7.0 1:4 6.0-7.0 1:2 or more 6.0-7.0 About 1:1.5 6.0-7.0 Preparation and Use The most suitable Fruit trees, Nursery stock, Useful Limit long. Can also be Within one year Raw dry. The most suitable fruit Forest, nursery stock, Useful life Long. Also available For the year Growth dry. Asbestos scraps available Material shall be added to insecticide Agent; two materials Mix, the best re- Plus there are insecticidal effect Bonding system 3000 ~ 6000 grams, plus Workers into the package root blocks. The most suitable for fruit trees, Nursery stock, using the Limit long. Also available For annual drought Made. ... Asbestos scraps available Material shall be added to insecticide Agent; two materials Mix, the best re- Plus there are insecticidal effect Bonding system 3000 ~ 6000 grams, plus Workers into the package root blocks. The most suitable for fruit trees, Nursery stock, using the Limit long. Also available For annual drought Made. ...³Particles; suitable A variety of fruit trees, seedlings Wood, the use of 5 years Or so. Available edge, waste Disability, times and scraps Material, added after mixing 500-1000 grams of anti- Preservatives, the best re- Plus there are insecticidal effect The adhesive 2000 -5000 Grams, processing Root block into packets or packages Root bundles. For each Species of fruit trees, nursery stock Use term of 10 years left Right. ... To smash into cinder Particles of Φ2-3mm; After mixing of the raw materials, Best combined with insecticide The adhesive effect 4000 to 6000 g, Processed into blocks or package root Package root tablets. For each Species of fruit trees, nursery stock, Some grams of carbon per year supplement Of goose shell, wheat husk most Ash, garbage Gray, with 5-year period Or so. ...

To smash into cinder Particles of Φ2-3mm; After mixing of the raw materials, Best combined with insecticide The adhesive effect 4000 to 6000 g, Processed into blocks or package root Package root tablets. For each Species of fruit trees, nursery stock, Some grams of carbon per year supplement Of goose shell, wheat husk most Ash, garbage Gray, with 5-year period Or so. ... Match Square Material, performance (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) Base This Become Share φ2-3mm cinder particles √ √ √ Water around the tree cuttings or φ2mm hair powder 8.7 m³ √ √ Charring attack sugar, rice hulls or wheat husk √ √ √ √ √ Passage of sugar, rice hulls or wheat husk 0.8 m³ √ Alcohol or cake Straw (sorghum, corn stalks must first grind split), bagasse, weeds √ (Dry) √ (Dry) √ (Dry) 0.8 m³ √ (Dry) √ (Dry) √ √ Green manure 0.7 m³ Organic waste (no plastic, glass, metal) 0.8 m³(Dry) √ Ash, waste ash √ √ √ √ Persimmon shells, leaves and various crusty rind powder or shavings (Wood shavings to be crushed into small pieces less φ5mm) 0.7 m³ √ Mushroom culture wastes (To Cadogan disinfectant) 0.5 m³ √ (Dry) √ (Dry) √ Peat   √ √ √ Cattle, sheep, horses, camels, pigs, rabbits, chickens, ducks, geese and other Livestock and wool scraps and bone meal (added amount 2000 g or less) √ (Dry) √ (Dry) √ (Dry) √ (Dry) √ (Dry) √ Cotton waste, cotton yarn waste or scraps and rags, rags 0.8 m³ √ Manure or poultry bar class leather and silkworm Yisha (silkworms) (In meters above³) √ 1 m³ Attach Plus Become Share Package root-specific basal (g) 3602 3602 3986 3656 3602 3986 4087 4480 388 4087 Crumb structure accelerator (g) 491 491 544 499 491 544 557 611 46 557 Water retention agent (g) 3000 1500 3090 3000 3000 3000 3000 2000 1000 1500 Adhesive (g) 5000 5000 6000 6000 / 6000 6000 5000 / / The system so that Spare And Fang Law 1, raw bar, a variety of substances, including mixtures thereof, such as "ash, refuse gray level" column in addition to ash and waste ash, there is a mixture of ash and garbage ash. 2, the total of 1 m³Volume prevail, where the main person in a raw material, the margin has chosen Toray ingredients that together make up one meter³Volume can be. 3, the formula (9) only one major ingredient; formula (19) of the basic constituents not more than 0.2 m³, Gather 1 m³Can, and add appropriate amount of human waste composting composting then, the amount for each 1/15 Hectares (acres) to be 1 m³; The two formulations suitable for use in arid poverty. 4, on a hot day with the preparation of organic matter as the raw material of the package root materials, composting fermentation to add water, and then used to package root is appropriate. 5, protected cultivation or sorghum, maize high-density dry pieces of material used to package root, you can impose a 'package root-specific long-term CO2 fertilizer granules. "

(3) Special package root topdressing

Package root-specific fertilizer is calculated according to the following five principles formulated:

● southern and northern differences in soil;

● light intensity, temperature, hot and cold (such as protected cultivation and field cultivation of the difference);

● crop varieties;

● planting density, such as high-density package root-specific CO2 to increase long-term particulate fertilizer.

● spectrum with a dedicated dressing (such as Watermelon, melon, flowers, Rosaceae and Rutaceae fruit).

So there are dozens of high-yielding spirit (Po) Series package root-specific dressing to suit the needs of different situations; here only Describes four kinds of package root-specific dressing:

a, protected dry broad package root-specific dressing:

● superphosphate 0.3132

● ammonium nitrate 0.0144

● nitrate 0.2192

● magnesium 0.1794

● Calcium nitrate 0.2738

TOTAL: 1.0000;

b, protected dry broad package root-specific foliar fertilizer:

● ammonium nitrate 0.0325

● magnesium 0.1956

● Calcium nitrate 0.5277

● Potassium 0.1393

● Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.1049

Total: 1.0000

Plus: Chelated trace elements (iron, manganese, boron, zinc, copper, molybdenum, sodium, etc.) and rare earth fertilizer

                           140-350mg/L

Other additional ingredients appropriate;

c, Daejeon dry broad package root-specific dressing:

● superphosphate 0.1936

● ammonium nitrate 0.0624

● nitrate 0.2222

● magnesium 0.2368

● Calcium nitrate 0.2850

TOTAL: 1.0000;

d, Daejeon dry package root-specific broad-spectrum foliar fertilizer:

● ammonium nitrate 0.1090

● magnesium 0.2439

● Calcium nitrate 0.4279

● Potassium 0.1581

● Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.0611

Total: 1.0000

Plus: Chelated trace elements (iron, manganese, boron, zinc, copper, molybdenum, sodium, etc.) and rare earth fertilizer

                           140-350mg/L

Other additional ingredients appropriate;
4, to adapt to a variety of different situations implementation approach

Claim "1. Economic Lin Genji series of water-saving cultivation techniques" in the speed of the foundation irrigation systems, their implementation Should be based on the region's economic and technological conditions, choose the right way. Developed areas of the economy or modern technology Of the farm, the available auxiliary tower infusion network system, to implement the foundation of irrigation; very poor lands for farmers, As long as willing to point out labor, or even can not spend a penny of cash can be implemented.

(A) suitable for China and the Third World arid countryside implementation approach

a, package root material:

According to our research, the package root materials should be strong adsorption, good air permeability (porosity 60-80%), physical and chemical More stable performance, a certain hardness or support of harmless substances, it is best special "package root block", "package root bundle" Or "package root tablets." However, considering the large scissors our industrial and agricultural products, rural and poorer arid areas, so As "indigenous" launched, to mention creating local conditions chosen package root material, it can be the first (9) or section (10) Two Economic Type commonly used package root material; For the very poor arid, available straw, wheat straw or weeds for package root materials, each bag of rice Straw 2.5-10 kg trench need root (equivalent to 5-20 cm thick), 1/15 hectares (acres) dosage is generally between 500 - 1000 kg between. ...

According to our research, the package root materials should be strong adsorption, good air permeability (porosity 60-80%), physical and chemical More stable performance, a certain hardness or support of harmless substances, it is best special "package root block", "package root bundle" Or "package root tablets." However, considering the large scissors our industrial and agricultural products, rural and poorer arid areas, so As "indigenous" launched, to mention creating local conditions chosen package root material, it can be the first (9) or section (10) Two Economic Type commonly used package root material; For the very poor arid, available straw, wheat straw or weeds for package root materials, each bag of rice Straw 2.5-10 kg trench need root (equivalent to 5-20 cm thick), 1/15 hectares (acres) dosage is generally between 500 - 1000 kg between. ...

Package root zone settings by hand to complete; enter the appropriate diameter hole punch available punched, but also with the corresponding The diameter of the stick as a mold to obtain, and then set into the equivalent diameter of waste plastic beverage bottles (the bottle two amputated cylindrical), For the very poor arid soil can also be used to paste into input jack (conditional, porous surface mounted or put some lime red mud); Pitch According to crop conditions.

c, liquid fertilizer irrigation facilities

Irrigation water needed by manually applied to the input jack, but also a certain amount of package root fertilizer and pesticides, along with the water Applied into the package root zone. Pesticides applied mainly to kill underground pests, should use non-systemic pesticide residues in drug toxicity can be avoided Plagued by problems. Fertilizer, the quantity and type of drug, depending on the crop species, growth stage, climatic and environmental situation Conditions or types of pests and plant size.

These are the roots with soil irrigation systems approach to the implementation of the scheme, the outstanding advantages of indigenous methods, for the poor Sleepy arid farmers, as long as willing to point out labor, or even can not spend a penny of cash that can achieve efficient water-saving projects The. This is for the third world countries, there are practical significance, since drought is a major problem worldwide.

(2) economic and technological modernization of farms in developed areas or implementation approach

For economic and technical fat or modernization of farms in this area, can be an auxiliary tower infusion network system to implement the foundation Irrigation, this program is called "foreign law":

a, package root material:

At this time, for the perennial economic fruit forest or nursery, its package root material should be selected by long-acting. Strong economic conditions Farm, available formulations I, II, IV, economic conditions are not very strong place available formulations V, VI; also be arbitrarily Optional. For annual or seedling dry, solid ground system should be economical package root to use any of the material.

b, package root zone and enter the pore formation

When our foundation to promote irrigation system, it will have a dedicated package root root wrapping machinery for processing, which As plastic film covering the rise, there is a "laminating machine" that. In order to facilitate mechanized operations, according to the crop planted Pei-density, select trip package root or grid-type package root treatment.

Is now available tractor to plow package root ditch, and then hand-finished package root handle the entire process. The seedbed should be As follows: the package root material or smoothing the seedbed cultivation tank, the thickness of 15-25 cm, and then the old cloth or PE, PVC sheeting (film) Mongolia lid on it, each one meter²Playing around 6-10 cm diameter hole, insert diameter equivalent plastic Material sleeve (adsorption layer depth of about 5 cm) constitute input jack, and the cover cloth in Monte poke some "planting hole" Serve.

c, liquid fertilizer irrigation facilities

Towers infusion through a dedicated network system to complete filling of liquid fertilizer applied. Economic conditions are not very strong regions Can be "indigenous" described in fertilizer applied by hand to pour the liquid to form a "half-clay, half-foreign," the implementation of the pattern.

(3) implementation (application) object

a, economic fruit forest. Promote long saplings; has been opened students generally yield more than 20%, when net income can be increased More than 30%.

b, anti-season vegetables (greenhouse vegetables). Generally yield more than 30%, when net income increased by 40% to On.

c, maize, sorghum. Because of the drought, some of the abandoned arable fields, can now grow food, and a great community Will significance.

(4) The embodiment of irrigation to reduce environmental pollution foundations

a, there is a lot of organic matter in municipal solid waste garbage, such as leaves, cloth rags, cotton waste, yarn waste and so can be used as Package root of raw materials, white pollution - all kinds of waste plastic after appropriate treatment, but also as package root material.

b, rural areas of coal, straw piled into a mountain is a fire hazard, and rice straw, wheat straw, weeds and after grinding After pressure corn, sorghum stalks, etc. are all good package root material.
5, the foundation of irrigation water tower infusion network system

Use claims "1. Economic Lin Genji Series water-saving cultivation techniques described in" System components: large and small control Valve (3), stem, branch, wool three infusion tubing and its corresponding connector (4), power unit and pump (5), pond or Water supply means (6) to constitute a claim "4. Adapted to different circumstances of various embodiments of ways described in" transmission tower Fluid systems, and it is set the scenario of the following four types:

(1) Fixed tower infusion network system

Result of this system needs to site design, so here only add references Syria. First constructed in pastoral affixed inside a cylindrical Pool, easy add fertilizer, dosing, pool volume, according to need, generally do not have frost layer. An appropriate lift Pumps, pumping the water from the water into the pool, the pump should be close to the wall spout dive 30 ° -45 °, in order to Water into the pool when the agitation can play role in accelerating fat, drug-opening. Enough to be open when the water tank is connected with the main valve, Pool of liquid through the pump will push net dry infusion tube, and then the size of the different branch junction, in the dry pipe tap Branch, the branch pipe and then tap capillary, capillary shall be plastic hose (such as polyethylene PE pipes), installed on a micro-capillary Type flow control valve, and then into the bag to the outlet end of the input hole in the root zone, so that liquid water and fertilizer crops will be required Be timely, adequate facilities into the package to the root zone, thus completing the foundation of the whole process of irrigation. Generally dry pipe commonly used hard tube (eg Polyvinyl chloride PVC pipe) laid on the ground, laying hose manifold can be used on the ground; when large irrigation or irrigation elevation change Pivot irrigation area is large so that the pressure exceeds 5kg/cm ...²Result of this system needs to site design, so here only add references Syria. First constructed in pastoral affixed inside a cylindrical Pool, easy add fertilizer, dosing, pool volume, according to need, generally do not have frost layer. An appropriate lift Pumps, pumping the water from the water into the pool, the pump should be close to the wall spout dive 30 ° -45 °, in order to Water into the pool when the agitation can play role in accelerating fat, drug-opening. Enough to be open when the water tank is connected with the main valve, Pool of liquid through the pump will push net dry infusion tube, and then the size of the different branch junction, in the dry pipe tap Branch, the branch pipe and then tap capillary, capillary shall be plastic hose (such as polyethylene PE pipes), installed on a micro-capillary Type flow control valve, and then into the bag to the outlet end of the input hole in the root zone, so that liquid water and fertilizer crops will be required Be timely, adequate facilities into the package to the root zone, thus completing the foundation of the whole process of irrigation. Generally dry pipe commonly used hard tube (eg Polyvinyl chloride PVC pipe) laid on the ground, laying hose manifold can be used on the ground; when large irrigation or irrigation elevation change Pivot irrigation area is large so that the pressure exceeds 5kg/cm ...

(2) I-type semi-fixed network system tower infusion

(2) I-type semi-fixed network system tower infusion...

(2) I-type semi-fixed network system tower infusion...

The fields with pool; stem, branch, capillary hoses are made of reinforced plastic, as well as water pumps (including power) They are mobile. While there needs to be the foundation of irrigation, it will be dry, branch, capillary and the corresponding connector and water Pumps (including power) shipped there, real time stem, branch, Pipe Fittings hair into the desired infusion associated pipeline network and with the Pumps, pool phase connection, turn the pump that is able to complete the required tasks applied irrigation water and fertilizer solution.

This type of tower infusion systems, and requires hub pressure less than 5kg/cm²Therefore most suitable for irrigated area is not ten Large field of dry, especially the ladder to use, then the pool is also a terrace in the sump, do both. More Jane Using only a single length of hose is directly connected to the water supply device outlet, the water poured by hand each input holes.

(4) mobile network system tower infusion

Fields or greenhouses without construction of the pool by a driving force of the pump fluid transport vehicle replacement; stem, branch, capillary with the corresponding The joint is moved, with the use, with the (loaded) then, with the shop, Puwan received after dry pipe inlet pump outlet , Start the pump can be the foundation of irrigation (we can use the "simpler ..." sort of way). Such type Water tower in infusion systems, and is best suited for rural agricultural station for a field a farmer contracted to implement the foundation irrigation Purposes. Also applies to the irrigated area is not too large, farmland scattered farms and farmers to use. The advantage is greatly reduced Water channel leakage loss, wide application, less investment, and foreign service, so return on capital invested Fast. ...

Fields or greenhouses without construction of the pool by a driving force of the pump fluid transport vehicle replacement; stem, branch, capillary with the corresponding The joint is moved, with the use, with the (loaded) then, with the shop, Puwan received after dry pipe inlet pump outlet , Start the pump can be the foundation of irrigation (we can use the "simpler ..." sort of way). Such type Water tower in infusion systems, and is best suited for rural agricultural station for a field a farmer contracted to implement the foundation irrigation Purposes. Also applies to the irrigated area is not too large, farmland scattered farms and farmers to use. The advantage is greatly reduced Water channel leakage loss, wide application, less investment, and foreign service, so return on capital invested Fast. ...

a, amount and frequency of irrigation

Use foundation irrigation systems, usually (soil moisture at field maximum (Paul) when more than 60% water) only Because Shi package root specific fertilizer or the need for pesticides, 1-2 times monthly irrigation water on it, each 1/15 hectares (acres) Not more than 2 meters³. To the dry season, irrigation was necessary every 10 days or once a week foundation irrigation, each 1/15 Hectares (acres) irrigation 0.25-2 m³; Severe drought, such as hot and dry season, before the foundation of irrigated twice a week (Interval of 3-4 days), each 1/15 hectares (acres) irrigation 0.5-2 m³Enough. Irrigation to make the package root zone adsorption Substance reaches maximum water holding capacity of 60-80% is appropriate, to refrain from the package root zone of the adsorbed species PF value is less than 0 dyne / cm², Otherwise, water will leak deepened, wasteful irrigation water use.

b, turnaround use

● The foundation of irrigation systems in the dry season, usually a maximum of irrigation water once a week, usually for an hour that Groutability finished, if appropriate to increase the flow pressure will double, take half an hour to finish filling; severe drought up Irrigation twice a week. Therefore, a mobile tower infusion systems, and can be moved not only every day, but one day can be moved Move several times, for different irrigation irrigation for the foundation, that is, a device can play the role of many sets of equipment.

● If using a fixed tower infusion systems, and 400 hectares (6,000 acres) of land with a 180 m³Of the pool, With 1-2 6BA-8 type of pump (not including the water pumped from the pool water pump), will be enough. Because a small At least to irrigation 6 hectares, once per hour to switch the pump to dry pipe water supply valve, then one day you can run 10 hours Sink 60 hectares, 7 days a week, it can irrigate 420 hectares to complete the foundation, or 7 days turnaround time; drought season, plus a Night shift one day run for 20 hours, still seven days turnaround time, this time two pumps can take turns to work in order to dissipate heat.