CN114868606B - Tomato and reticulate melon composite facility cultivation management method under high-voltage electrostatic field environment - Google Patents
Tomato and reticulate melon composite facility cultivation management method under high-voltage electrostatic field environment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for managing the composite facility cultivation of tomatoes and reticulate melons in a high-voltage electrostatic field environment. The comparative experiment shows that: the compound cultivation management method can improve the tomato yield by 17.14% per mu each year, the reticulate melon yield by 18.03%, and the income increase by 30.45% per mu. The cultivation management method for realizing the composite planting of tomatoes and reticulate melons by setting high-voltage electrostatic fields under the facility conditions can remarkably improve the yield and quality of crops, reduce the planting cost investment, improve the micro-ecological environment of soil in the facility, remarkably increase the income of vegetable farmers, and provide a convenient new way for the vegetable farmers to create income.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation management, and particularly relates to a tomato and reticulate melon composite facility cultivation management method under a high-voltage electrostatic field environment.
Background
The crop rotation is reasonably and alternately arranged according to the biological characteristics of various vegetables under the condition of the sunlight greenhouse, the best economic benefit is obtained while the high yield potential of crops is fully exerted, and the method is the best way for realizing annual production and supply of the vegetables through the sunlight greenhouse in northern areas of China. The method is characterized in that tomatoes planted with overwintering crops under the facility condition of a sunlight greenhouse are driven to market before spring festival, so that higher economic benefits can be obtained, the method is also a main mode of cultivation of the overwintering tomatoes in northern areas of China, the following crop rotation of the tomatoes is reported at present, but under the condition of the sunlight greenhouse, a high-voltage electrostatic field is set in the whole growth period, the output voltage and the output current of the high-voltage electrostatic field are reasonably set, the set electric field environment can effectively promote the growth and development of the crops, the biological characteristics of the front and rear crops are effectively integrated and utilized through a special soil and straw treatment mode and a drip irrigation pipe laying method, and no related report exists in a high-efficiency composite cultivation management method for fully exerting the soil fertility in the sunlight greenhouse.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a tomato and reticulate melon composite facility cultivation management method under a high-voltage electrostatic field environment, which is characterized in that a high-voltage electrostatic field is arranged in the whole growth period under the condition of a sunlight greenhouse, and the output voltage and the output current of the high-voltage electrostatic field are reasonably arranged, so that the arranged electric field environment can effectively promote the growth and development of crops, and the biological characteristics of the two-crop cultivation crop in front and back are effectively integrated and utilized through a special soil and straw treatment mode and a drip irrigation pipe laying method, so that the planting cost input of pesticides, fertilizers and the like can be effectively reduced, and the comprehensive income of farmers is improved.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme of the present invention is summarized as follows:
a method for managing the composite facility cultivation of tomatoes and reticulate melons in a high-voltage electrostatic field environment comprises the following steps:
(1) The solar greenhouse for planting tomatoes and reticulate melons is internally provided with high-voltage electrostatic field equipment, a high-voltage electrostatic field induction generator is arranged at a selected ventilation position, a three-core plug power socket is used, a ground wire pin and a ground wire are needed, a ground conductor is not arranged in the range of 1 meter of a power grid, the output voltage is 30-35kvac, and the output current is 0.015-0.020 milliampere; the installation height of the high-voltage electrostatic field emission end is 2.6-2.8m, and the coverage area of each electrostatic field emission point is 36m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Before field planting, setting the output voltage of a high-voltage electrostatic field induction generator to be 30-35kvac, setting the output current to be 0.015-0.020 mA, setting the working state to be intermittent for 1h every 2h of working operation, and operating the high-voltage electrostatic field in the whole growth period of tomatoes and reticulate melon;
(2) Applying 5T fully decomposed organic fertilizer, 50kg of ternary balanced compound fertilizer, 40kg of medium trace element fertilizer and 1kg of microbial fertilizer per mu before field planting of tomatoes, and uniformly spreading, ploughing and mixing; soil is ploughed after application, so that the soil surface is even and smooth;
(3) Deep soil turning is performed for more than 25cm 20 days before field planting, soil preparation is started, large row spacing is 90-95cm, small row spacing is 55-60cm, bottom width of Gao Long is 45-50cm, and height is 25-30cm; then installing water and fertilizer integrated equipment, paving 2 drip irrigation pipes between each ridge of the small row, wherein the spacing between the drip irrigation pipes is 35cm, and watering and fertilizing by uniformly using a drip irrigation mode after the follow-up planting of tomatoes and reticulate melons;
(4) When tomato seedlings grow to a plant height of 18-20cm and stem thickness of 0.4-0.5cm, and 4-5 true leaves, performing field planting on small high-ridge half slopes among small rows, wherein the height is 10-15cm from the ground, performing field planting with soil lumps on the ridge half slopes, and covering soil without exposing the soil lumps after the field planting;
(5) Paving turfy soil among small rows after field planting is finished, enabling the turfy soil to be flush with cotyledons of tomato field planting seedlings, placing a paved drip irrigation pipe on the next turfy soil, then performing drip irrigation once for water penetration to enable the water content of soil to be more than 95%, and applying 300 times of liquid of the microbial fertilizers with the effective viable count of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and bacillus amyloliquefaciens being more than 1.0 hundred million/ml along with water in the watering process, wherein 1L of microbial fertilizers are applied per mu;
(6) When the bottom layer true leaves of the tomato seedlings grow to be as long as ridges Gao Ji, taking out the drip irrigation tape above the turfy soil, continuously paving the turfy soil to be flush with the ridge height, then covering black mulching films between small rows, digging out the tomato seedlings, paving broken peanut shells or broken straws between large rows, and paving the thickness of 5-8cm; then fertilizing and managing;
(7) Pulling out tomato plants after the sixth spike fruits are ripe and harvested at the end of 2 months in the next year, crushing the tomato plants into crushed segments of 2-3cm by using crushing machinery, naturally airing at a rain-sheltering place for standby, then finishing the indoor environment of a sunlight greenhouse, and after sundries are removed, trimming the big row and small high ridge of the original planted tomatoes to enable the tomato plants to be the same as the tomato plants before field planting;
(8) Dipping seedlings of the reticulate melon seedlings with fluorescent pseudomonas microbial liquid with the effective viable count of more than 2.0 hundred million/ml, ditching and watering the seedlings with soil lumps, and then planting the seedlings on ridges, wherein the planting distance is 35-40cm, and each 667m 2 Planting 1800-2000 plants, and covering soil after planting to prevent soil lumps;
(9) After harvesting the reticulate melon in the last ten days of 6 months, turning off a high-voltage electrostatic field induction generator, turning off a power supply, crushing the reticulate melon plants into crushed fragments of 2-3cm by using a crushing machine, leveling the land in a sunlight greenhouse, and uniformly broadcasting crushed tomato plant straws and the reticulate melon straws in the sunlight greenhouse;
(10) Fully and uniformly mixing plant straw decomposing inoculant with field fine soil or plant ash according to the mass ratio of 1:5, uniformly spreading the mixture in a sunlight greenhouse, spreading 60kg per mu, ploughing and uniformly mixing, then fermenting the straw, monitoring the temperature in the fermentation process, taking note of closing a greenhouse in rainy days, timing when the temperature reaches 55-60 ℃, ploughing and uniformly mixing again for 3-5 days, and continuously ploughing and uniformly mixing the tomato and the reticulate melon straw for 4-5 times to finish the fermentation of the straw;
(11) After the fermentation of the tomatoes and the reticulate melon straws is finished, the sunlight greenhouse is integrally watered once and permeable, so that water accumulation of 3-5cm is kept in the sunlight greenhouse, all ventilation openings and outlets in the sunlight greenhouse are closed in 7 months and more, a high-temperature canopy is started by utilizing high temperature in summer, and a new round of composite cultivation management of the tomatoes and the reticulate melon is restarted after the canopy-closing period lasts for 35-40 days.
Preferably, the medium trace element fertilizer in the step (2) requires Ca >2%, mg >0.7%, B >5Mg/kg, cu >6Mg/kg, fe >100Mg/kg, organic matter >20%, polyglutamic acid >2%, water-soluble amino acid >10% and biochemical fulvic acid >30%; the microbial fertilizer requires that the effective viable count of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and bacillus amyloliquefaciens is more than or equal to 2.0 hundred million/g, and the microbial fertilizer and the field fine soil are uniformly mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:20 and then spread.
Preferably, in the step (10), the plant straw decomposing inoculant is prepared by uniformly mixing bacillus, myceliophthora thermophila and actinomycetes according to the mass ratio of 1:0.8:1.5, so that the effective viable count is more than 3.0 hundred million/g; the bacillus is mixed by mass ratio of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and the like.
In addition, more specifically, before the tomato field planting, firstly sowing the tomato, and raising seedlings, specifically as follows:
(1) Preparing seedling raising nutrient soil before sowing, namely selecting 4 parts of fertile field frozen soil, 5 parts of decomposed organic fertilizer and 1 part of washed river sand, adding 5kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer into each square meter of nutrient soil after mixing and sieving, fully and uniformly mixing, spraying 0.2% potassium permanganate aqueous solution, stirring until the water content is 50%, and filling into a hole tray for later use;
(2) Placing tomato seeds to be planted in a high-voltage electrostatic field environment for 24 hours in 7 middle ten days of each year, then placing the seeds in water at 50-55 ℃ and maintaining the water temperature for 10-15 minutes, continuously stirring, stopping stirring when the water temperature is reduced to 30 ℃, soaking for 3 hours, and sowing into seedling culture plug trays to start to prepare for seedling culture;
(3) And (3) using the prepared seedling nutrient soil in a high-voltage electrostatic field environment, carrying out tomato seedling cultivation on the treated seeds by adopting a conventional vegetable plug seedling cultivation management method, and preparing for field planting when the tomato seedlings grow to 4-5 true leaves.
Preferably, the output voltage of the high-voltage electrostatic field environment is 30-35kvac, and the output current is 0.015-0.020 milliampere.
More specifically, the tomato fertilization management method comprises the following steps:
(1) After the broken peanut shells or the broken straws are paved between large rows, water and fertilizer integrated equipment is used for watering once according to soil moisture content and external weather conditions for 7-10 days, and foliar fertilizer is sprayed once every 7-10 days;
(2) Topdressing a flower-promoting fruit-preserving fertilizer with water before and after the first layer of flowers of tomatoes are bloomed;
(3) The first spike of tomatoes is planted, and then calcium and magnesium fertilizer is applied along with water once, 10kg per mu of the tomato is needed, wherein the fertilizer is required to be more than 10% of Ca, more than 3% of Mg and more than 5% of polyglutamic acid; after 7-10 days, applying Gao Jia type fertilizer with water, then applying calcium-magnesium fertilizer once again with water after 7-10 days, wherein the fertilizer is 10kg per mu, and the requirements of Ca is more than 10%, mg is more than 3% and polyglutamic acid is more than 5%;
(4) Applying a fruit protecting fertilizer I along with water in the second to fifth fruit setting periods of tomatoes, and applying a fruit protecting fertilizer II along with water in the sixth fruit setting period;
wherein the foliar fertilizer in the step (1) requires N+K 2 The O is more than 70g/L, the Ca is more than 180g/L, the Zn is more than 3g/L, and the organic matter is more than 90g/L. The flower-promoting fruit-preserving fertilizer in the step (2) comprises a fertilizer 1: require N+K 2 O is more than 70g/L, organic matters are more than 90g/L, and 10kg of organic matters are applied per mu; fertilizer 2: requirements of N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O is 12-32-10, zn is more than 1%, B is more than 3%, and each mu of the fertilizer is applied with 5kg. The high-potassium fertilizer in the step (3) comprises a fertilizer 3: require N+K 2 O is more than 70g/L, organic matters are more than 90g/L, and 10kg of organic matters are applied per mu; fertilizer 4: requirements of N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O is 20-10-20, zn is more than 1%, B is more than 3%, and each mu of the fertilizer is applied with 5kg. The fruit-preserving fertilizer I in the step (4) comprises a fertilizer 5: requiring N+P 2 O 5 +K 2 O is more than 200g/L, humic acid is more than 30g/L, 20kg of fertilizer is applied per mu, and fertilizer 6: is an instant potassium sulfate fertilizer, requires K 2 O is more than 50%, S is more than 18%, and 5kg of the fertilizer is applied to each mu of the fertilizer; the fruit-preserving fertilizer II comprises a fertilizer 7: requiring N+P 2 O 5 +K 2 O is more than 200g/L, humic acid is more than 30g/L, 20kg of fertilizer is applied per mu, and fertilizer 8: requirements of N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O is 20-10-20, zn is more than 1%, B is more than 3%, and each mu of the fertilizer is applied with 5kg.
The invention has the advantages that:
according to the invention, the high-voltage electrostatic field equipment is additionally arranged under the facility (sunlight greenhouse) cultivation condition to realize the composite planting of tomatoes and reticulate melons, so that the whole growth period of the tomatoes and the reticulate melons is in a high-voltage electrostatic field environment, and the production potential of the tomatoes and the reticulate melons can be fully brought into play by combining field management methods and water and fertilizer management measures of different growth periods, and meanwhile, the planting cost investment of pesticides, fertilizers and the like can be effectively reduced. The comparative experiment shows that: the compound cultivation management method can improve the tomato yield by 17.14% per mu each year, the reticulate melon yield by 18.03%, and the income increase by 30.45% per mu. The cultivation management method for realizing the composite planting of the tomatoes and the reticulate melons by arranging the high-voltage electrostatic field in the whole growing period of the tomatoes and the reticulate melons under the facility condition can obviously improve the yield and the quality of crops, reduce the planting cost investment, improve the soil micro-ecological environment in the facility, obviously increase the income of vegetable farmers and provide a convenient new way for the vegetable farmers to create income.
According to the invention, not only is the high-voltage electrostatic field equipment used for realizing the composite planting of tomatoes and reticulate melons, but also the experience summarized in the production practice is adopted, a large-row and small-row high-ridge cultivation mode is adopted, 2 drip irrigation pipes are paved between each ridge of each small row, and tomatoes are planted in small high-ridge half slopes among the small rows; and after field planting is completed, grass peatmoss is paved among the small rows, a paved drip irrigation pipe is arranged next to the grass peatmoss, one piece of grass peatmoss is arranged on the grass peatmoss, when the lowest layer true leaves of tomato seedlings grow to be level with ridges Gao Ji, the drip irrigation belt above the grass peatmoss is taken out, and then the grass peatmoss is paved continuously to be level with the ridge height.
In addition, the invention also summarizes a proper mixing treatment method of tomatoes and reticulate melon straws through long-term experiments, and a proper plant straw decomposing inoculant (the best effect is obtained by preparing a composite fermentation inoculant liquid according to the ratio of 1:0.8:1.5 after culturing and fermenting bacillus, myceliophthora thermophila, actinomyces and other strains through experimental verification) is adopted, so that the method can be applied to the invention, can also be used in other plant cultivation management methods, and has extremely high popularization value.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments, and advantages and features of the invention will become apparent from the description. However, unless otherwise indicated, all the specific examples described in the examples below were either conventional or were carried out under the conditions recommended by the manufacturer's instructions.
The technical means used in the examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art unless otherwise indicated. The test methods in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified. Unless otherwise indicated, all reagents and materials used are commercially available.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. In addition, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the present invention. The preferred methods and materials described herein are presented for illustrative purposes only.
A composite facility cultivation management method for tomatoes and reticulate melons in a high-voltage electrostatic field environment comprises the following implementation steps:
step 1: the planting facility for completing the composite cultivation of tomatoes and reticulate melons is a sunlight greenhouse, specifically, solar radiation is taken as a main energy source, three sides of east, west and north are taken as enclosure walls, and a south slope surface is covered by a plastic film and cotton cover and is mainly used for agricultural facilities for fruit and vegetable production and overwintering planting; before sowing and seedling raising, soil disinfection and sterilization of a planting facility (a sunlight greenhouse) are finished, 60-80 mesh insect-proof nets are arranged at the vent and the outlet, and a main pipeline of the water and fertilizer integrated equipment is paved and the like for preparing work before planting;
step 2: high-voltage electrostatic field equipment and high-voltage electrostatic field induction generator are installed in sunlight greenhouse for planting tomatoes and reticulate melonsThe method is characterized in that a ventilation position is selected for installation, a three-core plug power socket is used, a ground wire pin and a ground wire are needed, a ground conductor is not arranged in the range of 1 meter of a power grid, the output voltage is 30-35kvac, and the output current is 0.015-0.020 milliampere; the installation height of the high-voltage electrostatic field emission end is 2.6-2.8m, and the coverage area of each electrostatic field emission point is 36m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Before field planting, setting the output voltage of a high-voltage electrostatic field induction generator to be 30-35kvac, setting the output current to be 0.015-0.020 mA, setting the working state to be intermittent for 1h every 2h of working operation, and operating the high-voltage electrostatic field in the whole growth period of tomatoes and reticulate melon;
step 3: preparing seedling raising nutrient soil before sowing, selecting 4 parts of fertile field frozen soil, 5 parts of decomposed organic fertilizer and 1 part of washed river sand, mixing and sieving every m 3 Adding 5kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer (15-15-15) into the nutrient soil, fully and uniformly mixing, spraying 0.2% potassium permanganate aqueous solution, stirring until the water content is about 50%, and filling into a plug for standby;
step 4: placing tomato seeds to be planted in a high-voltage electrostatic field environment (the output voltage is 30-35kvac, and the output current is 0.015-0.020 mA) for 24 hours in 7 middle ten days of each year, then placing the seeds in water with the temperature of 50-55 ℃ and maintaining the water temperature for 10-15 minutes, continuously stirring, stopping stirring when the water temperature is reduced to about 30 ℃, sowing the seeds in a seedling raising plug tray after soaking for 3 hours, and preparing seedling raising;
step 5: using the seedling culture nutrient soil prepared in the step 3 under a high-voltage electrostatic field environment (the output voltage is 30-35kvac, and the output current is 0.015-0.020 milliampere), carrying out tomato seedling culture on the treated seeds by adopting a conventional vegetable plug seedling culture management method, and preparing for field planting when the tomato seedlings grow to 4-5 true leaves;
step 6: applying 5T fully decomposed organic fertilizer per mu before tomato field planting, 50kg ternary (20-20-20) balanced compound fertilizer, 40kg medium trace element fertilizer (Ca is more than 2%, mg is more than 0.7%, B is more than 5Mg/kg, cu is more than 6Mg/kg, fe is more than 100Mg/kg, organic matter is more than 20%, polyglutamic acid is more than 2%, water soluble amino acid is more than 10%, biochemical fulvic acid is more than 30%), 1kg microbial fertilizer (bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and bacillus amyloliquefaciens are required to have effective viable count of more than or equal to 2.0 hundred million/g, and the microbial fertilizer and field fine soil are uniformly mixed according to the proportion of 1:20 and then spread), ploughed and mixed uniformly. Soil is ploughed after application, so that the soil surface is even and smooth;
step 7: deep soil turning is performed for more than 25cm 20 days before field planting, soil preparation is started, large row spacing is 90-95cm, small row spacing is 55-60cm, bottom width of Gao Long is 45-50cm, and height is 25-30cm. Then installing water and fertilizer integrated equipment, paving 2 drip irrigation pipes between each ridge of the small row, wherein the spacing between the drip irrigation pipes is 35cm, and watering and fertilizing by uniformly using a drip irrigation mode after the follow-up planting of tomatoes and reticulate melons;
step 8: when the tomato seedlings grow to 18-20cm in plant height, 0.4-0.5cm in stem thickness and 4-5 true leaves in the step 5, performing field planting, wherein the field planting is performed at a small high ridge half slope between small rows and 10-15cm high from the ground, and soil blocks are planted at the ridge half slope, and soil is covered after the field planting without exposing the soil blocks;
step 9: paving turfy soil among small rows after field planting is finished, enabling the turfy soil to be flush with cotyledons of tomato field planting seedlings, placing a paved drip irrigation pipe on the next turfy soil, then performing drip irrigation once for water penetration to enable the water content of the soil to be more than 95%, and applying 300 times of liquid of a microbial fertilizer with the effective viable count (bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and bacillus amyloliquefaciens) of more than 1.0 hundred million/ml along with water in the watering process, wherein 1L of microbial fertilizer is applied per mu;
step 10: when the bottom layer true leaves of the tomato seedlings grow to be as long as ridges Gao Ji, taking out the drip irrigation tape above the turfy soil, continuously paving the turfy soil to be flush with the ridge height, then covering black mulching films between small rows, digging out the tomato seedlings, paving broken peanut shells or broken straws between large rows, and paving the thickness of 5-8cm;
step 11: after the broken peanut shells or the broken straws are paved among large rows, water and fertilizer integrated equipment is used for watering once according to soil moisture content and external weather conditions for 7-10 days, and foliar fertilizer is sprayed once every 7-10 days (the foliar fertilizer requires N+K) 2 O is more than 70g/L, ca is more than 180g/L, zn is more than 3g/L, and organic matter is more than 90 g/L);
step 12: topdressing with water before and after flowering of first layer of tomato flowerThe secondary flower-promoting fruit-protecting fertilizer comprises fertilizer 1 (fertilizer requires N+K) 2 O is more than 70g/L, and organic matters are more than 90 g/L) and 10kg of organic matters are applied to each mu of the soil; fertilizer 2 (fertilizer requirement N-P) 2 O 5 -K 2 O is 12-32-10, zn is more than 1%, B is more than 3%) is applied for 5kg per mu;
step 13: the first spike of tomatoes is planted, and then calcium and magnesium fertilizer is applied along with water once, 10kg per mu of the tomato is needed, wherein the fertilizer is required to be more than 10% of Ca, more than 3% of Mg and more than 5% of polyglutamic acid; after 7-10 days, gao Jia type fertilizer including fertilizer 3 (fertilizer requires N+K) a O is more than 70g/L, and organic matters are more than 90 g/L) and 10kg of organic matters are applied to each mu of the soil; fertilizer 4 (fertilizer requirement N-P) 2 O 5 -K 2 O is 20-10-20, zn is more than 1%, B is more than 3%) is applied for 5kg per mu; then, after 7-10 days, the calcium-magnesium fertilizer is applied again with water once, 10kg per mu, wherein the fertilizer is required to be more than 10% Ca, more than 3% Mg and more than 5% polyglutamic acid;
step 14: the fruit-retaining fertilizer I is applied along with water in the fruit setting period from the second ear fruit to the fifth ear fruit of the tomato, wherein the fruit-retaining fertilizer I comprises fertilizer 5 (the fertilizer requires N+P 2 O5+K 2 The O is more than 200g/L, the humic acid is more than 30g/L, 20kg of fertilizer 6 (the fertilizer is instant potassium sulfate fertilizer, the requirement is K) is applied to each mu 2 O is more than 50%, S is more than 18%), and 5kg of the fertilizer is applied to each mu of the fertilizer. Fruit retention fertilizer II applied with water in fruit setting stage of sixth spike, wherein the fruit retention fertilizer II comprises fertilizer 7 (fertilizer requires N+P) 2 O 5 +K 2 The O is more than 200g/L, the humic acid is more than 30 g/L), 20kg of fertilizer 8 (fertilizer requires N-P) is applied to each mu of the fertilizer 2 O 5 -K 2 O is 20-10-20, zn is more than 1%, B is more than 3%) is applied for 5kg per mu;
step 15: pulling out tomato plants after the sixth spike fruits are ripe and harvested at the end of 2 months in the next year, crushing the tomato plants into crushed segments of 2-3cm by using crushing machinery, naturally airing the crushed segments at a rain-sheltering place for standby, then simply finishing the indoor environment of sunlight, removing sundries such as mulching films and the like, and trimming the big and small rows and high ridges of the original planted tomatoes to make the tomato plants the same as those before the field planting of the tomatoes;
step 16: dipping the purchased grafted commercial reticulate melon seedlings in fluorescent pseudomonas microbial liquid with the effective viable count of more than 2.0 hundred million/ml, ditching with soil lumps, watering thoroughly, and then planting on ridges, wherein the planting distance is 35-40cm, and each 667m 2 Planting 1800-2000 plants, and covering soil after field planting to prevent soil lumps;
step 17: and (3) performing plastic film mulching after field planting and seedling reviving of the reticulate melon, performing fertilizer and water management by adopting water and fertilizer integrated equipment, controlling watering after field planting until the vine is stretched, and watering small water when the plant shows water shortage. Topdressing nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer with water in the vine stretching period (fertilizer requires N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O is 15-30-15) is applied for 15kg per mu. And watering is controlled during the period from flowering of female flowers reserved in the node to flowering of the cucumber, so that the plant is prevented from overgrowth to influence the cucumber. Pouring large water once in the melon expansion period, and tracing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium water-soluble fertilizer with water (fertilizer requires N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O is 10-6-40), 15kg of water can be applied to each mu, and small water can be poured again at intervals of 10-15 days. Watering is not performed any more 10-15 days before harvesting;
step 18: the high-voltage electrostatic field has excellent sterilization and deinsectization effects, the incidence rate of diseases and insect pests of tomatoes and reticulate melons in planting facilities under the high-voltage electrostatic field environment is low, the diseases and insect pests are prevented by adopting a conventional disease and insect pest prevention method, and spraying can be carried out within 1h of the interruption of the physical electrostatic field or after the power supply of the physical electrostatic field is disconnected within 2h of the working operation of avoiding the physical electrostatic field when chemical agent spraying prevention and treatment are carried out;
step 19: other field management methods such as temperature and pruning modes in the whole growth period of tomatoes and reticulate melons under a high-voltage electrostatic field environment are cultivated and managed according to a conventional cultivation management method;
step 20: after harvesting the reticulate melon in the last ten days of 6 months, turning off a high-voltage electrostatic field induction generator, turning off a power supply, crushing the reticulate melon plants into crushing fragments of 2-3cm by using a crushing machine, leveling the land in the sunlight greenhouse, and uniformly broadcasting the crushed tomato plant straws and the reticulate melon straws in the step 15 in the planted sunlight greenhouse;
step 21: the plant straw decomposing inoculant (the bacillus, myceliophthora thermophila, actinomyces thermophilus and other strains are cultivated and fermented to prepare a compound fermentation bacterial liquid according to the proportion of 1:0.8:1.5, so that the effect is optimal, the effective viable count is more than 3.0 hundred million/g), the compound fermentation bacterial liquid and field fine soil or plant ash are fully and uniformly mixed according to the mass proportion of 1:5, then the compound fermentation bacterial liquid is uniformly spread in a sunlight greenhouse, 60kg of compound fermentation liquid is spread per mu, straw fermentation is carried out, the temperature is monitored in the fermentation process, a closed shed is noticed in rainy days, the temperature reaches 55-60 ℃, the compound fermentation liquid is continuously cultivated and mixed for 3-5 days, and the fermentation of tomatoes and reticulate melon straw is completed after continuous cultivation and turnover for 4-5 times;
step 22: after the fermentation of the tomatoes and the reticulate melon straws is finished, the sunlight greenhouse is integrally watered once and permeable, so that water accumulation of 3-5cm is kept in the sunlight greenhouse, all ventilation openings and outlets in the sunlight greenhouse are closed in 7 months and more, a high-temperature canopy is started by utilizing high temperature in summer, and a new round of composite cultivation management of the tomatoes and the reticulate melon is restarted after the canopy-closing period lasts for 35-40 days.
The cultivation method of the invention compares the yield and the benefit of a single planting mode (without high-voltage electrostatic field and tomato and reticulate melon straw treatment, conventional small Gao Long ridge top ditching and single drip irrigation pipe cultivation management mode) in the store town of Boxing county in the city of coastal state 8 months to 2021 months, and the specific table is shown in tables 1 and 2.
TABLE 1 comparison of yield and benefit for different planting methods
TABLE 2 quality index comparison of different planting methods
As can be seen from tables 1 and 2, compared with a single-planted tomato and reticulate melon cultivation mode (without high-voltage electrostatic field and tomato and reticulate melon straw treatment, a conventional small Gao Long ridge top ditching field planting and single drip irrigation pipe cultivation management mode), the method provided by the invention has the advantages that the per mu yield and the per mu yield of land can be obviously improved by the composite planting mode, and meanwhile, the incidence rate of the tomato and reticulate melon composite planting mode in a sunlight greenhouse can be obviously reduced.
In addition, the large and small row, small high ridge and half slope cultivation and double drip irrigation pipe water and fertilizer integrated management mode in the cultivation is compared with the conventional small Gao Long ridge top ditching and planting and single drip irrigation pipe cultivation management mode in a high-voltage electrostatic field environment in terms of yield and benefit (experiments are carried out in the Jiang Xingjin county of the city in 2019, 8 months-2021, 8 months).
TABLE 3 comparison of yield and benefit of the inventive method with conventional cultivation management methods under high-voltage electrostatic field environment
TABLE 4 comparison of quality index of the method of the invention with conventional cultivation and management method under high-voltage electrostatic field environment
From tables 3 and 4, compared with a single-planted tomato and reticulate melon cultivation mode (a conventional small Gao Long ridge top ditching field planting and single drip irrigation pipe cultivation management mode under a high-voltage electrostatic field environment), the method provided by the invention has the advantage that the fruit quality of tomatoes and reticulate melons can be remarkably improved by the composite planting mode.
Finally, whether straw rotting microbial inoculum is applied and whether single microbial inoculum is applied in the cultivation process of the invention are subjected to comparison tests on quality and yield characteristics of tomatoes and reticulate melons in high-voltage electrostatic field and non-electrostatic field environments, and the quality and yield characteristics are shown in tables 5 and 6.
TABLE 5 comparison of the cultivation process according to the invention with the quality and yield indicators of tomato with the application of straw-decomposing inoculant and high-voltage electrostatic field environment and with the application of a single inoculant
TABLE 6 comparison of the cultivation method of the invention with quality and yield indicators of melon with straw decomposing inoculant and high-voltage electrostatic field environment and single inoculant
From tables 5 and 6, it can be seen that the straw-decomposing inoculant applied in the method of the present invention, in combination with the high-voltage electrostatic field environment, can significantly improve the quality and yield of tomatoes and reticulate melons, and the effect of the reasonably proportioned composite inoculant in improving the quality and yield of tomatoes and reticulate melons is due to the application of the single inoculant, compared with the application of the single inoculant.
In summary, the method can remarkably improve the yield and mu yield value of tomatoes and reticulate melons by adding high-voltage electrostatic field parameters suitable for the growth of tomatoes and reticulate melons in a cultivation facility, and remarkably improve the fruit quality of tomatoes and reticulate melons by means of small-high-ridge half-slope cultivation, straw effective treatment, grass-soil paving in ridges, and cultivation management modes such as arranging an upper drip irrigation pipe, a lower drip irrigation pipe and the like.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, which are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and other embodiments can be easily made by those skilled in the art through substitution or modification according to the technical disclosure in the present specification, so that all changes and modifications made in the principle of the present invention shall be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for managing the composite facility cultivation of tomatoes and reticulate melons in a high-voltage electrostatic field environment is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Solar greenhouse installation for tomato and reticulate melon plantingThe high-voltage electrostatic field equipment is arranged at a ventilation position selected by the high-voltage electrostatic field induction generator, a three-core plug power socket is used, a ground wire pin and a ground wire are required, a ground conductor is not arranged in the range of 1 meter of a power grid, the output voltage is 30-35kvac, and the output current is 0.015-0.020 milliampere; the installation height of the high-voltage electrostatic field emission end is 2.6-2.8m, and the coverage area of each electrostatic field emission point is 36m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Before field planting, setting the output voltage of a high-voltage electrostatic field induction generator to be 30-35kvac, setting the output current to be 0.015-0.020 mA, setting the working state to be intermittent for 1h every 2h of working operation, and operating the high-voltage electrostatic field in the whole growth period of tomatoes and reticulate melon;
(2) Applying 5T fully decomposed organic fertilizer, 50kg of ternary balanced compound fertilizer, 40kg of medium trace element fertilizer and 1kg of microbial fertilizer per mu before field planting of tomatoes, and uniformly spreading, ploughing and mixing; soil is ploughed after application, so that the soil surface is even and smooth;
(3) Deep soil turning is performed for more than 25cm 20 days before field planting, soil preparation is started, large row spacing is 90-95cm, small row spacing is 55-60cm, bottom width of Gao Long is 45-50cm, and height is 25-30cm; then installing water and fertilizer integrated equipment, paving 2 drip irrigation pipes between each ridge of the small row, wherein the spacing between the drip irrigation pipes is 35cm, and watering and fertilizing by uniformly using a drip irrigation mode after the follow-up planting of tomatoes and reticulate melons;
(4) When tomato seedlings grow to a plant height of 18-20cm and stem thickness of 0.4-0.5cm, and 4-5 true leaves, performing field planting on small high-ridge half slopes among small rows, wherein the height is 10-15cm from the ground, performing field planting with soil lumps on the ridge half slopes, and covering soil without exposing the soil lumps after the field planting;
(5) Paving turfy soil among small rows after field planting is finished, enabling the turfy soil to be flush with cotyledons of tomato field planting seedlings, placing a paved drip irrigation pipe on the next turfy soil, then performing drip irrigation once for water penetration to enable the water content of soil to be more than 95%, and applying 300 times of liquid of the microbial fertilizers with the effective viable count of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and bacillus amyloliquefaciens of more than 1.0 hundred million/ml along with water in the watering process, wherein 1L of microbial fertilizers are applied per mu;
(6) When the bottom layer true leaves of the tomato seedlings grow to be as long as ridges Gao Ji, taking out the drip irrigation tape above the turfy soil, continuously paving the turfy soil to be flush with the ridge height, then covering black mulching films between small rows, digging out the tomato seedlings, paving broken peanut shells or broken straws between large rows, and paving the thickness of 5-8cm; then fertilizing and managing;
(7) Pulling out tomato plants after the sixth spike fruits are ripe and harvested at the end of 2 months in the next year, crushing the tomato plants into crushed segments of 2-3cm by using crushing machinery, naturally airing at a rain-sheltering place for standby, then finishing the indoor environment of a sunlight greenhouse, and after sundries are removed, trimming the big row and small high ridge of the original planted tomatoes to enable the tomato plants to be the same as the tomato plants before field planting;
(8) Effective viable count of reticulated melon seedlings>2.0 hundred million/ml of Pseudomonas fluorescens microbial liquid is dipped in seedlings, ditched and watered with soil lumps and planted on ridges, planting plant spacing is 35-40cm, every 667m 2 Planting 1800-2000 plants, and covering soil after planting to prevent soil lumps;
(9) After harvesting the reticulate melon in the last ten days of 6 months, turning off a high-voltage electrostatic field induction generator, turning off a power supply, crushing the reticulate melon plants into crushed fragments of 2-3cm by using a crushing machine, leveling the land in the sunlight greenhouse, and uniformly broadcasting crushed tomato plant straws and the reticulate melon straws in the planted sunlight greenhouse;
(10) Fully and uniformly mixing a plant straw decomposing inoculant with field fine soil or plant ash according to the mass ratio of 1:5, uniformly spreading the mixture in a sunlight greenhouse, spreading 60kg per mu, ploughing and uniformly mixing, then fermenting the straw, monitoring the temperature in the fermentation process, taking note of closing a greenhouse in rainy days, timing when the temperature reaches 55-60 ℃, ploughing and uniformly mixing again for 3-5 days, and continuously ploughing and uniformly mixing the tomato and the melon straw with reticulate patterns for 4-5 times to finish the fermentation of the straw;
(11) After the fermentation of the tomatoes and the reticulate melon straws is finished, the sunlight greenhouse is integrally watered once and permeable, so that water accumulation of 3-5cm is kept in the sunlight greenhouse, all ventilation openings and outlets in the sunlight greenhouse are closed in 7 months and more, a high-temperature canopy is started by utilizing high temperature in summer, and a new round of composite cultivation management of the tomatoes and the reticulate melon is restarted after the canopy-closing period lasts for 35-40 days.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the medium trace element fertilizer in step (2) requires Ca >2%, mg >0.7%, B >5Mg/kg, cu >6Mg/kg, fe >100Mg/kg, organic matter >20%, polyglutamic acid >2%, water-soluble amino acid >10%, biochemical fulvic acid >30%; the microbial fertilizer requires that the effective viable count of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and bacillus amyloliquefaciens is more than or equal to 2.0 hundred million/g, and the microbial fertilizer and the field fine soil are uniformly mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:20 and then spread.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (10) the plant straw-decomposing inoculant is bacillus, and is uniformly mixed with myceliophthora thermophila and actinomycetes in a mass ratio of 1:0.8:1.5, so that the effective viable count is greater than 3.0 hundred million/g; the bacillus is mixed by mass ratio of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and the like.
4. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that before the tomato is planted, it is first sown and grown in seedlings, in particular as follows:
(1) Preparing seedling raising nutrient soil before sowing, namely selecting 4 parts of fertile field frozen soil, 5 parts of decomposed organic fertilizer and 1 part of washed river sand, adding 5kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer into each square meter of nutrient soil after mixing and sieving, fully and uniformly mixing, spraying 0.2% potassium permanganate aqueous solution, stirring until the water content is 50%, and filling into a hole tray for later use;
(2) Placing tomato seeds to be planted in a high-voltage electrostatic field environment for 24 hours in 7 middle ten days of each year, then placing the seeds in water at 50-55 ℃ and maintaining the water temperature for 10-15 minutes, continuously stirring, stopping stirring when the water temperature is reduced to 30 ℃, soaking for 3 hours, and sowing into seedling culture plug trays to start to prepare for seedling culture;
(3) And (3) using the prepared seedling nutrient soil in a high-voltage electrostatic field environment, carrying out tomato seedling cultivation on the treated seeds by adopting a conventional vegetable plug seedling cultivation management method, and preparing for field planting when the tomato seedlings grow to 4-5 true leaves.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the high voltage electrostatic field environment has an output voltage of 30-35kvac and an output current of 0.015-0.020 milliamperes.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the tomato fertilization management method comprises the steps of:
(1) After the broken peanut shells or the broken straws are paved between large rows, water and fertilizer integrated equipment is used for watering once according to soil moisture content and external weather conditions for 7-10 days, and foliar fertilizer is sprayed once every 7-10 days;
(2) Topdressing a flower-promoting fruit-preserving fertilizer with water before and after the first layer of flowers of tomatoes are bloomed;
(3) The first spike of tomatoes is planted, and then calcium and magnesium fertilizer is applied along with water once, 10kg per mu of the tomato is needed, wherein the fertilizer is required to be 10% of Ca, 3% of Mg and 5% of polyglutamic acid; after 7-10 days, applying Gao Jia type fertilizer with water, then applying calcium-magnesium fertilizer once again with water after 7-10 days, wherein the fertilizer is 10kg per mu, and the requirement of Ca is more than 10%, mg is more than 3% and polyglutamic acid is more than 5%;
(4) The fruit protecting fertilizer I is applied along with water in the second to fifth fruit bearing periods of tomatoes, and the fruit protecting fertilizer II is applied along with water in the sixth fruit bearing period.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the foliar fertilizer of step (1) requires n+k 2 O>70g/L，Ca>180g/L，Zn>3g/L, organic matter>90g/L。
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the flower and fruit promoting fertilizer of step (2) comprises fertilizer 1: require N+K 2 O>70g/L, organic matter>90g/L, and 10kg of the fertilizer is applied per mu; fertilizer 2: requirements of N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O is 12-32-10, zn>1%，B>3, 5kg of the fertilizer is applied to each mu of the seeds.
9. The method of claim 6, wherein the high potassium fertilizer of step (3) comprises fertilizer 3: require N+K 2 O>70g/L, organic matter>90g/L, and 10kg of the fertilizer is applied per mu; fertilizer 4: requirements of N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O is 20-10-20, zn>1%，B>3, 5kg of the fertilizer is applied to each mu of the seeds.
10. The method of claim 6, wherein the fruit retention fertilizer i of step (4) comprises fertilizer 5: requiring N+P 2 O 5 +K 2 O>200g/L humic acid>30g/L, 20kg of fertilizer is applied per mu, 6: is an instant potassium sulfate fertilizer, requires K 2 O>50%，S>18%, dressing 5kg per mu; the fruit-preserving fertilizer II comprises a fertilizer 7: requiring N+P 2 O 5 +K 2 O>200g/L humic acid>30g/L, 20kg of fertilizer is applied per mu, 8: requirements of N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O is 20-10-20, zn>1%，B>3, 5kg of the fertilizer is applied to each mu of the seeds.
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| CN109287461A (en) * | 2018-11-23 | 2019-02-01 | 福建农林大学 | A kind of tomato seedling cultural method significantly improving early yield |
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| CN114303918A (en) * | 2022-02-18 | 2022-04-12 | 北京市农业技术推广站 | Spring-stubble multi-span greenhouse netted melon cultivation method |
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| CN112385491A (en) * | 2020-11-19 | 2021-02-23 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Cultivation method for promoting tomatoes to bloom and bear fruits based on LED light source |
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