CN112047789A - Organic-inorganic composite nutrient solution formula for tomato matrix cultivation and application method thereof - Google Patents
Organic-inorganic composite nutrient solution formula for tomato matrix cultivation and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112047789A CN112047789A CN202010874922.0A CN202010874922A CN112047789A CN 112047789 A CN112047789 A CN 112047789A CN 202010874922 A CN202010874922 A CN 202010874922A CN 112047789 A CN112047789 A CN 112047789A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight
Abstract
The invention relates to an organic-inorganic composite nutrient solution formula for tomato substrate cultivation and an application method thereof. The nutrient solution formula is prepared by the following method: 1) preparing organic mother liquor; 2) preparing inorganic mother liquor; 3) mixing the organic mother liquor and the inorganic mother liquor, and obtaining the organic-inorganic composite nutrient solution for tomato substrate cultivation according to different mixing ratios in different growth periods. The nutrient solution disclosed by the invention is comprehensive in nutrition, can greatly improve the taste, sugar degree and quality of fruits, is low in cost, is simple and convenient in preparation method, and can effectively improve the growth speed and fertilizer utilization efficiency of the medium-cultivated tomatoes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soilless culture, in particular to an organic-inorganic composite nutrient solution formula for tomato substrate culture and an application method thereof.
Background
In facility tomato production, matrix cultivation is the most common soilless cultivation mode, wherein drip irrigation by using an inorganic nutrient solution is the most common fertilization mode, but the inorganic nutrient solution is not as good as an organic nutrient solution in the aspects of improving the taste quality and the sugar degree of fruits. However, the organic nutrient solution has low content of nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium required by plants, is easy to produce a phenomenon of fertilizer removal in the later growth stage of the plants to cause yield reduction, and is fresh to be used in the current tomato matrix cultivation.
The organic-inorganic composite nutrient solution prepared by mixing the organic nutrient solution and the inorganic nutrient solution can improve the taste, sugar degree and quality of tomato fruits and effectively improve the tomato yield. At present, the organic-inorganic composite nutrient solution on the market has fewer varieties, is more fresh, has a composite nutrient solution specially used for tomato substrate cultivation, and has the advantages of high manufacturing cost, difficult acquisition of raw materials, complex process and unobvious quality-improving and yield-increasing effects on plants.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the background art, the invention provides the organic-inorganic compound nutrient solution formula for tomato matrix cultivation and the application method thereof, wherein the organic-inorganic compound nutrient solution formula has comprehensive nutrition, can greatly improve the taste, sugar degree and quality of fruits, has low cost and simple and convenient preparation method, and can effectively improve the growth speed and fertilizer utilization efficiency of tomatoes cultivated in the matrix.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows: the invention relates to an organic-inorganic composite nutrient solution formula for tomato substrate cultivation, which is characterized in that: the nutrient solution formula is prepared by the following method:
1) preparation of organic mother liquor:
1.1) putting the pig, cattle and sheep manure into a fermentation tank or a pile respectively for fermentation and decomposition;
1.2) fully drying or sun-drying fermented and decomposed pig, cow and sheep manure, and mixing and leaching the fermented and decomposed pig, cow and sheep manure with water according to a mass ratio of 1: 10;
1.3) filtering after the leaching is finished, filtering for one time by using a coarse screen, and then filtering for the second time by using a fine screen, wherein the leaching solution is free of impurities as far as possible after the filtering is finished;
1.4) respectively obtaining pig manure leaching liquor, cow manure leaching liquor and sheep manure leaching liquor after filtration, then mixing the pig manure leaching liquor, the cow manure leaching liquor and the sheep manure leaching liquor according to the volume ratio of 1:2:1, and diluting by 3 times to obtain organic mother liquor.
2) Preparing inorganic mother liquor: the formula of the inorganic mother solution is shown in table 1, the required mass is calculated according to the volume of the required mother solution and the concentration of each reagent in table 1 during preparation, each reagent with the weighed mass is separately dissolved in water, and after each reagent is fully dissolved, each reagent solution is poured into a container to be mixed, and water is added to the container to fix the volume to the corresponding volume;
TABLE 1 inorganic mother liquor formula for different growth periods
3) And mixing the organic mother liquor and the inorganic mother liquor according to the content in the table 3, wherein the mixing proportion is different in different growth periods, so that the organic-inorganic composite nutrient solution for cultivating the tomato matrix is obtained.
TABLE 3 mixing ratio of organic mother liquor and inorganic mother liquor in different growth periods
Preferably, a proper amount of microbial fermentation inoculum is sprayed before fermentation in the step 1.1), the water content is controlled to be about 60 percent, the microbial fermentation inoculum cannot be too wet or too dry, the microbial fermentation inoculum needs to be placed in a shed for fermentation in winter to keep the temperature, and the microbial fermentation inoculum can be fermented in the open air in summer but needs to be protected against rain.
Preferably, during fermentation and decomposition in the step 1.1), when the temperature of the core of the pile rises to about 60 ℃, the pile needs to be turned over once a week, and when the temperature of the core of the pile rises to about 3 days in the fermentation peak period, the fermentation is finished when the temperature of the fermentation pile is close to the ambient temperature and the color of the manure is black and has no obvious odor, and the fermentation time is generally 60-90 days according to the fermentation effect.
Preferably, the block particles of the manure during leaching in the step 1.2) are crushed to be smaller, if the block particles are larger, the block particles need to be crushed, otherwise, the leaching effect is affected, the manure is fully leached for 3 days, and the manure is stirred for 3-5 times every day.
Preferably, in the step 1.3), filtration can be carried out for one to two more times if necessary, and if the filtration is not clean, blockage of the drip irrigation equipment is easily caused during fertilization.
Preferably, in step 2), a metal container is not available for preparation, and the reagents used need to reach a level above AR analytical purity.
Preferably, in the step 2), the concentration of each inorganic nutrient element in the inorganic mother liquor is shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 inorganic mother liquor element concentrations at different growth periods
The invention also provides an application method for realizing the organic-inorganic composite nutrient solution formula for tomato matrix cultivation, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the application method comprises the following steps:
1) fertilizing by adopting drip irrigation equipment, and applying the fertilizer once every 5 days at the flowering and fruit setting period and the terminal stage of fruiting, wherein each plant is 500 mL;
2) the preparation is applied once every 3 days in the initial fruit period, and each plant is 800 mL;
3) the preparation is applied every two days in full bearing period, and each time, 1000mL of the preparation is applied to each plant.
Preferably, in the application process, in order to prevent impurities in the nutrient solution from blocking drip irrigation equipment, clear water is firstly started for drip irrigation for 3-5 minutes before fertilization every time, a drip irrigation system is wetted, clear water is started for drip irrigation for 3-5 minutes after fertilization, the drip irrigation system is flushed, the time is not too long, and otherwise the irrigated nutrient solution can be diluted; whether the drip irrigation opening is blocked or not should be checked at any time during fertilization or watering, the special check is implemented once every month, and if the blockage is found, the drip arrow or the drip irrigation tape should be cleaned or replaced in time.
The organic-inorganic composite nutrient solution formula for tomato substrate cultivation provided by the invention is characterized in that a plurality of animal wastes are fermented and extracted to prepare an organic nutrient solution mother solution according to a certain proportion, the organic nutrient solution mother solution and the inorganic nutrient solution mother solution are mixed according to a certain proportion, the tomato fertilization time is divided into four growth periods according to the growth rule of tomatoes, wherein the four growth periods are respectively a flowering and fruit setting period, an initial fruit period, a full fruit period and a terminal fruit period, the formula of the terminal fruit period is the same as that of the flowering and fruit setting period, and the nutrient proportion of each period is determined according to the nutrient requirement rule of different growth periods in the tomato substrate cultivation after a large number of experiments. Therefore, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention is composed of organic nutrient solution and inorganic nutrient solution, realizes the comprehensive combination of organic nutrition and inorganic nutrition, can meet the comprehensive supply of organic nutrient components, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrient elements and medium and trace elements of plants, can improve the activity of the microbial colony of the matrix, and improves the physicochemical property and the water and fertilizer retention capability of the matrix.
2. The invention contains rich organic nutrient substances, can greatly improve the taste, sugar degree and quality of fruits, ensures high and stable yield of plants by using sufficient inorganic nutrient elements, and overcomes the defects of the existing organic nutrient solution and inorganic nutrient solution.
3. The raw materials used in the invention are easy to obtain, the cost is low, the preparation method is simple and easy to operate, the practicability is strong, and the time and the labor are saved in the actual production.
4. The invention is obtained by long-term test and exploration, the adaptability adjustment of the nutrients contained in the tomato matrix is carried out in different growth periods according to the growth rule and the fertilizer requirement characteristics of the tomato matrix, the pertinence is strong, and the growth speed and the fertilizer utilization efficiency of the tomato matrix can be effectively improved.
Detailed Description
The preparation method of the specific embodiment of the formula of the organic-inorganic composite nutrient solution for tomato matrix cultivation comprises the following steps:
1) preparation of organic mother liquor:
1.1) putting the pig, cow and sheep manure into a fermentation tank or a pile respectively for fermentation and decomposition, spraying a proper amount of microbial fermentation inoculum before fermentation, controlling the water content to be about 60 percent, preventing over-wetting or over-drying, fermenting in a shed in winter for heat preservation, fermenting in the open air in summer and taking attention to rain prevention; the method is characterized in that the pile needs to be turned once every time the temperature of the pile core rises to about 60 ℃, generally once a week, and once in 3 days in the fermentation peak period, and the fermentation is finished when the temperature of the fermentation pile is close to the ambient temperature and does not rise any more, and the color of the manure is black and has no obvious odor, and the fermentation time is generally different from 60 to 90 days according to the fermentation effect.
And 1.2) fully drying or sun-drying fermented and decomposed pig, cow and sheep manure, mixing and leaching with water according to a mass ratio of 1:10, wherein the manure is small in block particles during leaching, if the manure is large, the manure needs to be crushed, otherwise, the leaching effect is influenced, fully leaching is carried out for 3 days, and stirring is carried out for 3-5 times every day.
1.3) filtering after leaching is finished, firstly filtering for one time by using a coarse screen, and then filtering for the second time by using a fine screen, wherein after filtering is finished, the leaching solution is changed to have no impurities as much as possible, and the filtering can be carried out for one to two times if necessary, and if the filtering is not clean, the blockage of drip irrigation equipment is easily caused during fertilization.
1.4) respectively obtaining pig manure leaching liquor, cow manure leaching liquor and sheep manure leaching liquor after filtration, then mixing the pig manure leaching liquor, the cow manure leaching liquor and the sheep manure leaching liquor according to the volume ratio of 1:2:1, and diluting by 3 times to obtain organic mother liquor.
2) Preparing inorganic mother liquor:
the formula of the inorganic mother liquor is shown in table 1, the required mass is calculated according to the volume of the required mother liquor and the concentration of each reagent in table 1 during preparation, each reagent with the weighed mass is separately dissolved in water, each reagent solution is poured into a container to be mixed after each reagent is fully dissolved, water is added into the container to fix the volume to the corresponding volume, the concentration of each inorganic nutrient element in the inorganic mother liquor is shown in table 2, a metal container cannot be used during preparation, and the used reagent needs to reach the level higher than AR analytical purity.
TABLE 1 inorganic mother liquor formula for different growth periods
TABLE 2 inorganic mother liquor element concentrations at different growth periods
3) And mixing the organic mother liquor and the inorganic mother liquor according to the content in the table 3, wherein the mixing proportion is different in different growth periods, so that the organic-inorganic composite nutrient solution for cultivating the tomato matrix is obtained.
TABLE 3 mixing ratio of organic mother liquor and inorganic mother liquor in different growth periods
The application method of the invention is as follows:
since the nutrient solution can cause element precipitation after being stored for a long time, the organic mother solution and the inorganic mother solution are prepared at present, and the organic mother solution is extracted by calculating the time in advance and then prepared and used as soon as possible after extraction.
1.1) applying fertilizer by adopting drip irrigation equipment, wherein the fertilizer is applied once every 5 days at the flowering and fruit setting period and the terminal stage of fruiting, and each plant is 500 mL;
1.2) applying the fertilizer once every 3 days in the initial fruit period, wherein each plant is 800 mL;
1.3) administration every two days during full fruit period, 1000mL per plant each time (see Table 4 for details).
TABLE 4 application method of organic-inorganic composite nutrient solution for different growth periods
In order to avoid the blockage of drip irrigation equipment by impurities in the nutrient solution during application, clear water is firstly started for drip irrigation for 3-5 minutes before each application, a drip irrigation system is wetted, clear water is started for drip irrigation for 3-5 minutes after the application is finished, the drip irrigation system is flushed, the time is not too long, and otherwise the irrigated nutrient solution can be diluted. Whether the drip irrigation opening is blocked or not should be checked at any time during fertilization or watering, the special check is implemented once every month, and if the blockage is found, the drip arrow or the drip irrigation tape should be cleaned or replaced in time.
Effect experiment data:
by plant growth, photosynthesis, quality and yield analysis: compared with a tomato matrix cultivation test carried out by the Kawasaki nutrient solution, the test site is positioned in a large-span plastic greenhouse in a gardening field of northwest school district of the university of agriculture and forestry, science and technology, in the Yanzaki demonstration area of Shanxi province. The results show that the net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content of the tomatoes treated by the method are higher than those of the Kawasaki nutrient solution (Table 5); all quality indexes are also better, particularly the content of soluble total sugar reaches 9.48 percent and is far higher than 4.78 percent of that of the nutrient solution processed by Kawasaki; in the aspect of per mu yield, the nutrient solution of the invention reaches 5783kg under treatment, which is 37.85 percent higher than that of Kawasaki nutrient solution. The factors of plant growth, photosynthesis, quality and yield are comprehensively considered, and the performance of the nutrient solution provided by the invention is superior to that of the Kawasaki nutrient solution.
TABLE 5 comparison of various indexes of tomato treated with Kawasaki nutrient solution according to the present invention
The above embodiments are only specific embodiments disclosed in the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and the scope of the present invention disclosed in the present invention should be subject to the scope of the claims.
Claims (9)
1. The formula of the organic-inorganic composite nutrient solution for tomato matrix cultivation is characterized in that: the nutrient solution formula is prepared by the following method:
1) preparation of organic mother liquor:
1.1) putting the pig, cattle and sheep manure into a fermentation tank or a pile respectively for fermentation and decomposition;
1.2) fully drying or sun-drying fermented and decomposed pig, cow and sheep manure, and mixing and leaching the fermented and decomposed pig, cow and sheep manure with water according to a mass ratio of 1: 10;
1.3) filtering after the leaching is finished, filtering for one time by using a coarse screen, and then filtering for the second time by using a fine screen, wherein the leaching solution is free of impurities as far as possible after the filtering is finished;
1.4) respectively obtaining pig manure leaching liquor, cow manure leaching liquor and sheep manure leaching liquor after filtration, then mixing the pig manure leaching liquor, the cow manure leaching liquor and the sheep manure leaching liquor according to the volume ratio of 1:2:1, and diluting by 3 times to obtain organic mother liquor.
2) Preparing inorganic mother liquor: the formula of the inorganic mother solution is shown in table 1, the required mass is calculated according to the volume of the required mother solution and the concentration of each reagent in table 1 during preparation, each reagent with the weighed mass is separately dissolved in water, and after each reagent is fully dissolved, each reagent solution is poured into a container to be mixed, and water is added to the container to fix the volume to the corresponding volume;
TABLE 1 inorganic mother liquor formula for different growth periods
3) And mixing the organic mother liquor and the inorganic mother liquor according to the content in the table 3, wherein the mixing proportion is different in different growth periods, so that the organic-inorganic composite nutrient solution for cultivating the tomato matrix is obtained.
TABLE 3 mixing ratio of organic mother liquor and inorganic mother liquor in different growth periods
2. The formula of the organic-inorganic composite nutrient solution for tomato substrate cultivation according to claim 1, wherein the formula comprises the following components: and (2) spraying a proper amount of microbial fermentation inoculum before fermentation in the step 1.1), controlling the water content to be about 60%, keeping the water content not to be too wet or too dry, fermenting in a shed in winter to preserve heat, and fermenting in the open air in summer but paying attention to rain prevention.
3. The formula of the organic-inorganic composite nutrient solution for tomato substrate cultivation according to claim 2, wherein the formula comprises the following components: during fermentation and decomposition in the step 1.1), when the temperature of the core of the pile rises to about 60 ℃, the pile needs to be turned once, generally once a week, and once in 3 days at the fermentation peak, when the temperature of the fermentation pile is close to the ambient temperature and does not rise any more, and the color of the manure is black and has no obvious odor, the fermentation is finished, and the fermentation time is generally different from 60 to 90 days according to the fermentation effect.
4. The formula of the organic-inorganic composite nutrient solution for tomato substrate cultivation according to claim 3, wherein the formula comprises the following components: and (3) in the step 1.2), the block particles of the manure are crushed to be smaller, if the block particles are larger, the block particles are crushed, otherwise, the leaching effect is influenced, the manure is fully leached for 3 days, and the manure is stirred for 3-5 times every day.
5. The formula of the organic-inorganic composite nutrient solution for tomato substrate cultivation according to claim 4, wherein the formula comprises the following components: in the step 1.3), filtration can be carried out for one or two more times if necessary, and if the filtration is not clean, the blockage of the drip irrigation equipment is easily caused during fertilization.
6. The organic-inorganic composite nutrient solution formula for tomato matrix cultivation as claimed in any one of claims 1-5, wherein: in the step 2), a metal container cannot be used during preparation, and the used reagent needs to reach the level higher than AR analysis purity.
7. The formula of the organic-inorganic composite nutrient solution for tomato substrate cultivation according to claim 6, wherein the formula comprises the following components: in the step 2), the concentrations of various inorganic nutrient elements in the inorganic mother liquor are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 inorganic mother liquor element concentrations at different growth periods
8. An application method for realizing the organic-inorganic composite nutrient solution formula for tomato matrix cultivation in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the application method comprises the following steps:
1) fertilizing by adopting drip irrigation equipment, and applying the fertilizer once every 5 days at the flowering and fruit setting period and the terminal stage of fruiting, wherein each plant is 500 mL;
2) the preparation is applied once every 3 days in the initial fruit period, and each plant is 800 mL;
3) the preparation is applied every two days in full bearing period, and each time, 1000mL of the preparation is applied to each plant.
9. The method for applying the organic-inorganic composite nutrient solution formula for tomato substrate cultivation as claimed in claim 8, wherein: when the fertilizer is applied, in order to avoid the blocking of drip irrigation equipment by impurities in the nutrient solution, clear water is firstly started for drip irrigation for 3-5 minutes before each time of fertilizer application, a drip irrigation system is wetted, clear water is started for drip irrigation for 3-5 minutes after the fertilizer application, the drip irrigation system is flushed, the time is not too long, and otherwise the irrigated nutrient solution is diluted; whether the drip irrigation opening is blocked or not should be checked at any time during fertilization or watering, the special check is implemented once every month, and if the blockage is found, the drip arrow or the drip irrigation tape should be cleaned or replaced in time.
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| CN113661879A (en) * | 2021-09-13 | 2021-11-19 | 山东农业大学 | Fertilizing method for improving yield and quality of medium-cultivated tomatoes |
| CN116553984A (en) * | 2023-06-06 | 2023-08-08 | 西北农林科技大学 | Preparation process of organic nutrient solution |
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