CN108586025A - Application and application process of the sweet potato residue in fruits and vegetables plantation - Google Patents
Application and application process of the sweet potato residue in fruits and vegetables plantation Download PDFInfo
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- CN108586025A CN108586025A CN201810068864.5A CN201810068864A CN108586025A CN 108586025 A CN108586025 A CN 108586025A CN 201810068864 A CN201810068864 A CN 201810068864A CN 108586025 A CN108586025 A CN 108586025A
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- sweet potato
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- potato residue
- pachyrhizus
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
- C05F5/002—Solid waste from mechanical processing of material, e.g. seed coats, olive pits, almond shells, fruit residue, rice hulls
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to fruits and vegetables field of planting, are related to application and application process of the sweet potato residue in fruits and vegetables plantation.The sweet potato residue of the present invention can supply the various trace elements needed for plant growth.The sweet potato residue that the present invention uses is solid forms, thus in the application have the function of sustained release, it is long-acting, spread fertilizer over the fields conveniently, experiments have shown that sweet potato residue is murdered or is driven away to the pest under earth's surface.To the small-sized foliar pest on earth's surface, such as aphid, thrips have and significantly kill effect.It is made using natural materials, it is environmental-friendly, it is useful and harmless to health, solve the problems, such as pesticide and fertilizer residue, materials are extensive, of low cost, are suitable for large-scale promotion and application.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fruits and vegetables field of planting, are related to application and application process of the sweet potato residue in fruits and vegetables plantation.
Background technology
Leek delicious flavour, it is full of nutrition, it is dish indispensable on people's dining table, but leek production management process
In, but annoying vegetable grower always the problem of bradysia odoriphaga, which prevents, causes medicament residue, the thing that leek poisoning in recent years, fruits and vegetables are poisoned
Part occurs repeatedly.Its reason is exactly to have used a large amount of height because vegetable grower is the bradysia odoriphaga for killing leek root or the pest of other fruits and vegetables
Malicious insecticide is poured, is sprayed, to cause caused by pesticide residue.In addition, in fruits and vegetables production process there is also pollution by chemical fertilizer,
The problems such as residual.
China is maximum sweet potato producing country in the world.Total output accounts for whole world sweet potato total output up to 100,000,000 tons or more
80%.Sweet potato does not always have to spray any pesticide, but the insect-free evil of blade.Sweet potato is in addition to sub-fraction directly eats raw, prepared food
Outside, it largely be used to produce starch, such as making vermicelli.And remaining residue is by as waste four after extracting starch
Meaning discharge, has seriously polluted the environment.If all Slag recoverings are planted leek, so that it may to turn waste into wealth, create not
Appreciable economic value.And sweet potato residue is in use, single-dose application, it is annual that effectively economy is convenient, be it is a kind of both
Laborsaving and environmentally friendly natural prodcuts develop green medicine fertilizer with naturally foster naturally, pollution-free, nuisanceless, benefit the nation and the people.
Invention content
The present invention is directed in traditional fruits and vegetables planting process and largely uses pesticide and chemical fertilizer, leads to asking for pesticide and fertilizer residue
Topic proposes application and application process of the sweet potato residue in fruits and vegetables plantation.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is realized using following technical solutions：
Application of the sweet potato residue in leek is planted.
Above-mentioned sweet potato residue is to extract the remaining waste residue after starch makes vermicelli or other food using sweet potato.
Specifically, above application is application of the sweet potato residue as leek base manure or in terms of driving away bradysia odoriphaga.
Preferably, the sweet potato residue is formed using following steps method：
（1）Pachyrhizus is cleaned and is put into the particle for being broken into 0.01-1 millimeters of diameter in sweet potato pulverizer, then adds water, in 50-200
Washing and filtering in the sieve of mesh screen obtains the mixed liquor of sweet potato fine slag and sweet potato starch, pachyrhizus juice after filtering out；
（2）Wintercherry is added in the mixed liquor of sweet potato fine slag and sweet potato starch, pachyrhizus juice and is precipitated 10-30 minutes, taking out bottom has
Starch（It should be noted that if the residue after only using sweet potato extraction starch is as raw material, preceding two each step can save
Slightly）, obtain pachyrhizus juice slag mixed liquor；
（3）Pachyrhizus juice slag mixed liquor is added in fermentation vat and is precipitated 20-30 hours, upper clear supernate is removed, obtains sediment；
（4）Sediment ferments 6-10 months in fermentation vat, obtains humus organic material；
（5）Humus organic material is taken out in outdoor natural drying 10-20 days, dry black solid is obtained；
（6）Black solid is ground into particle of the diameter at 0.1-1 centimetres, obtains purpose product sweet potato residue.
Application of the sweet potato residue in Chinese cabbage is planted, the application include sweet potato residue as Chinese cabbage base manure or drive away aphid
The application of aspect.
Preferably, application process of the sweet potato residue in Chinese cabbage is planted is to sprinkle 1.5-2 kilograms for every meter in Chinese cabbage ditch
Sweet potato residue, then buries soil loading, piles up high 2-5 centimetres of small native ridge, Chinese cabbage is sowed on small ridge.
Application of the sweet potato residue in shallot is planted, the application include sweet potato residue as shallot base manure or drive away thrips
Application in terms of pest.
Preferably, sweet potato residue shallot plant in application process be, before planting shallot, by sweet potato residue with
Every square metre 1-3 kilograms of amount is uniformly sprinkling upon earth's surface, then ploughs deeply and buries, trench digging helps ridge, and green onion seed is implanted in ditch, buries
Then 2-4 centimeters of soil waters.
Application of the sweet potato residue in apple cultivation, the application include sweet potato residue as apple base manure or drive away apple
Application in terms of insect pest.
Compared with prior art, the advantages and positive effects of the present invention are：
1. sweet potato residue of the present invention can use sweet potato, it is possible to use remaining after extraction starch makes vermicelli or other food
Residue be made, not only so that waste is effectively used, and its ingredient for being included is not only pachyrhizus slag（Diet is fine
Dimension）, it further comprises all organic substances of pachyrhizus in addition to desizing itself.So it, when making medicine fertilizer, can supply plant
Various trace elements needed for growth.
2. the sweet potato residue that the present invention uses is solid forms, therefore have the function of sustained release, long-acting in the application, spreads fertilizer over the fields
It is convenient, experiments have shown that sweet potato residue is murdered or is driven to the pest under earth's surface.To the microphyll on earth's surface
Face pest, such as aphid, thrips（The dot on Folium Allii fistulosi surface is exactly thrips pest）Have and significantly kills effect.
3. it is made using natural materials, it is environmental-friendly, it is useful and harmless to health, solve pesticide and fertilizer residue
Problem, materials are extensive, of low cost, are suitable for large-scale promotion and application.
Specific implementation mode
To better understand the objects, features and advantages of the present invention, with reference to specific embodiment pair
The present invention is described further.It should be noted that in the absence of conflict, the spy in embodiments herein and embodiment
Sign can be combined with each other.
Many details are elaborated in the following description to facilitate a thorough understanding of the present invention, still, the present invention may be used also
With using implementing different from other modes described here, therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific of specification is described below
The limitation of embodiment.
Embodiment 1 prepares sweet potato residue using following steps：Pachyrhizus is cleaned to be put into sweet potato pulverizer and is broken into diameter
Then little particle less than or equal to 1 millimeter adds the water of 3 times of pachyrhizus weight, the washing and filtering in the sieve of 100 mesh screens.It will
Bits more than 100 mesh sift out, and are leaked out in sieve less than the sweet potato fine slag and sweet potato starch of 100 mesh, the mixed liquor of pachyrhizus juice,
It trickles in starch separation pond.In separate tank, starch is separated from mixed liquor in case making vermicelli with wintercherry and is used.
By 20 minutes time, 99% starch can be deposited in bottom of pond, must be by the mixing of pachyrhizus slag and pachyrhizus juice before extracting starch
Liquid is skimmed, and the pachyrhizus juice slag mixed liquor of starch upper end is extracted into the small slag fermentation vat of pachyrhizus with 20 centimeters of conduit of diameter and precipitates 24
After hour, the nutritional ingredients such as other oroteins in small slag, pachyrhizus pectin and pachyrhizus all precipitate, at this time by the clear liquid on top
It bleeds off.Sediment is allowed to ferment in fermentation vat an autumn, winter, second year becomes decomposed organic matter April, starts not stop
Bubbling youngster.Decomposed good pachyrhizus is used slush pump to be extracted on vacant lot, after 10 days, pachyrhizus residue is just become by semi-fluid shape
The solid-like of the big and hard black of density.For the ease of using and the volatilization of fertilizer efficiency drug effect, the pachyrhizus of solid-like is precipitated
Object is broken into the particle of beans size, you can uses.
Sweet potato residue effect obtained above is verified using following experimentation：
（1）Experiment material
The sweet potato residue that dries is several, red cubic board N P and K（16、18、11%）Compoiste fertilizer is several, electronic scale, bucket, hoe
Head, camera, recording sheet etc..
（2）Preparatory work of experiment
According to experiment needs to pieces, the sweet potato residue dried is smashed into the graininess of soya bean size with tup, in case using；It weighs
The compoiste fertilizer of 11kg N-P-K contents 6%, in case contrast experiment.
（3）Experimental method
A. experiment is killed in laboratory.Soil is acquired in vegetable garden, is placed on the plastic culture case that 6 areas are 0.5 square metre
In, and 5 bradysia odoriphaga larvas are put into each incubator, then, weigh respectively 0.25kg, 0.50kg, 0.75kg, 1.00kg,
1.25kg sweet potato residues, are sprinkling upon respectively in 1-5 incubators；No. 6 incubators then use 1kg composite fertilizers as a contrast.24 hours
Afterwards, it digs and checks maggot quantity, observe and record its dead, survival condition.Repeat experiment three times, result treatment is same as above, and is then counted
Rate is killed in calculation（Experimental result is shown in Table 1）.
B. crop field cell kills experiment.To reduce the interference of foeign element, experiment is selected in the vinyl house Chinese chive field of field
It carries out.Choose long 10 meters respectively, wide 1 rice and flour product is 10 ㎡ No. 1-6 totally six pieces of regions as experimental plot, respectively by 5kg,
For 10kg, 15kg, 20kg, 25kg sweet potato residue in the regions 1-5, Hua Gou simultaneously carries out disposable top dressing use.No. 6 regions then with
The compoiste fertilizer of 10kg N-P-K contents 6% group as a comparison.Fertilising is followed by watered, and after 24 hours, observes and records worm
Evil situation.A water was poured again every seven days, after continuing eight months, until sweet potato residue has resolved into powder from solid granular
Shape, until combining together with soil.Then statistical test records data, and rate is killed in calculating（Experimental result is shown in Table 2）.
（4）As a result with analysis
Disposable top dressing insecticidal test is done with the sweet potato residue of different number, measurement result is as shown in Table 1 and Table 2.
Kill test result in 1 laboratory of table
2 crop field cell of table kills experimental result
It is demonstrated experimentally that the use of sweet potato residue plays the role of preferably killing to bradysia odoriphaga.Every square metre is arrived for 1 year using 1.6
2.5 kilograms of sweet potato residue fertilizer can absolutely kill bradysia odoriphaga and leek and own in growth course throughout the year
Fertilizer supply.Because of market demand difference, it is also different that leek cuts batch number.One batch is cut in order to meet every 30 days, it is proposed that every square
Rice applies 2-2.5 kilograms of sweet potato residue, and protecting root with the maggot that achievees the purpose that go out obtains economic benefit.And the leek of manure use it is every
One batch is cut, just needs to chase after disposable fertilizer again, and with the continuous breeding of bradysia odoriphaga, leek will certainly cause Large Scale Death.In addition,
During sweet potato makes vermicelli, in addition to starch, remaining organic nutrient substance is all retained in sweet potato residue.So with
Sweet potato residue turns out the leek mouthfeel come clearly, especially perfume, sweet tea, tender of tasting, even if not there is some wind if eating raw
Taste.
Embodiment 2, the implementation case provides Chinese cabbage ground fertilizing method, using sweet potato residue made from embodiment 1：It is sowing
Before Chinese cabbage, vegetable plot is outputed to the shallow ridges of about 10 centimeters or so of a depth, every meter of pachyrhizus for sprinkling 1.5 to 2 kilograms is residual in ditch
Then slag buries soil loading, play one high three centimeters or so of small native ridge, so that early autumn rainwater is more, Chinese cabbage prevention waterlogging.It is broadcast on small ridge
Kind.This method safety is effective, and root will not be not only burnt by pachyrhizus residue fertilizer, but also ensures to grow with Chinese cabbage root growth, fertility source
Source constantly inputs.In Chinese cabbage growth course, it is found that due to having spread fertilizer over the fields pachyrhizus residue, Chinese cabbage leaf has immunity to aphid, one
Aphid does not have yet, it was demonstrated that pachyrhizus residue kills effect to aphid.
Embodiment 3, the implementation case provide shallot ground fertilizing method：It is annual July, before planting shallot, pachyrhizus is residual
Slag is uniformly sprinkling upon earth's surface with 2 kilograms every square metre of amount, then ploughs deeply and buries.Ground trench digging is helped into ridge, green onion seed is implanted in ditch,
3 centimeters or so of soil is buried to water later.Height and its energy vertical growth to ensure Bulbus Allii Fistulosi are wanted during shallot generates
Constantly help ridge.Help ridge that need to only water can to meet the growth of shallot every time because pachyrhizus slag can kill onion fly, maggot etc., protect
Shallot absolutely survival rate has been demonstrate,proved, and has had smoked kill effect, ripe shallot leaf surface to the pest thrips on shallot blade face
Bright and clean light green, mouthfeel of tasting is fine, highly palatable.
The above described is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, being not that the invention has other forms of limitations, appoint
What those skilled in the art changed or be modified as possibly also with the technology contents of the disclosure above equivalent variations etc.
It imitates embodiment and is applied to other fields, but it is every without departing from technical solution of the present invention content, according to the technical essence of the invention
To any simple modification, equivalent variations and remodeling made by the above case study on implementation, the protection model of technical solution of the present invention is still fallen within
It encloses.
Claims (9)
1. application of the sweet potato residue in leek is planted.
2. application of the sweet potato residue in leek is planted according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The sweet potato residue is profit
The remaining waste residue after vermicelli is made of sweet potato extraction starch.
3. application of the sweet potato residue according to claim 1 or claim 2 in leek is planted, it is characterised in that:The sweet potato residue
Application as leek base manure or in terms of driving away bradysia odoriphaga.
4. application of the sweet potato residue in leek is planted according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The sweet potato residue uses
Following steps method forms：
（1）Pachyrhizus is cleaned to the particle for being put into and being broken into diameter in sweet potato pulverizer and being less than or equal to 1 millimeter, then adds water, in 50-
Washing and filtering in the sieve of 200 mesh screens obtains the mixed liquor of sweet potato fine slag and sweet potato starch, pachyrhizus juice after filtering out；
（2）Wintercherry is added in the mixed liquor of sweet potato fine slag and sweet potato starch, pachyrhizus juice and is precipitated 20-30 minutes, taking out bottom has
The starch of value, remaining person are then pachyrhizus scum juice mixed liquor；
（3）Pachyrhizus juice slag mixed liquor is added in fermentation vat and is precipitated 20-30 hours, upper clear supernate is removed, obtains sediment；
（4）Sediment ferments 6-10 months in fermentation vat, obtains humus organic material；
（5）Humus organic material is taken out in outdoor natural drying 10-20 days, dry black solid is obtained；
（6）Black solid is ground into particle of the diameter at 0.1-1 centimetres, obtains purpose product sweet potato residue.
5. application of the sweet potato residue in Chinese cabbage is planted, the application includes sweet potato residue as Chinese cabbage base manure or drives away aphid side
The application in face.
6. application of the sweet potato residue in Chinese cabbage is planted according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：Application process is in Chinese cabbage
1.5-2 kilograms of sweet potato residue is sprinkled in ditch for every meter, then buries soil loading, is piled up high 2-5 centimetres of small native ridge, is sowed on small ridge
Chinese cabbage.
7. application of the sweet potato residue in shallot is planted, the application includes sweet potato residue as shallot base manure or drives away thrips evil
Application in terms of worm.
8. application of the sweet potato residue in shallot is planted according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：Application process is to plant
Before planting shallot, sweet potato residue being uniformly sprinkling upon earth's surface with every square metre 1-3 kilograms of amount, then ploughs deeply and buries, trench digging helps ridge,
Green onion seed is implanted in ditch, 2-4 centimeters of soil is buried and then waters.
9. application of the sweet potato residue in apple cultivation, the application includes sweet potato residue as apple base manure or drives away apple worm
The application of evil aspect.
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| CN201810068864.5A CN108586025A (en) | 2018-01-24 | 2018-01-24 | Application and application process of the sweet potato residue in fruits and vegetables plantation |
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| CN201810068864.5A CN108586025A (en) | 2018-01-24 | 2018-01-24 | Application and application process of the sweet potato residue in fruits and vegetables plantation |
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Application publication date: 20180928 |