CN105612986B - The implantation methods of selenium-rich dragon fruit - Google Patents

The implantation methods of selenium-rich dragon fruit Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105612986B
CN105612986B CN201510972669.1A CN201510972669A CN105612986B CN 105612986 B CN105612986 B CN 105612986B CN 201510972669 A CN201510972669 A CN 201510972669A CN 105612986 B CN105612986 B CN 105612986B
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parts
fertilizer
selenium
fruit
rich
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CN201510972669.1A
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CN105612986A (en
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何树悠
黄日明
包鸿铭
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广西绿希望农业发展有限公司
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilizing, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES, AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES, AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/40—Liliopsida [monocotyledons]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES, AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/40—Liliopsida [monocotyledons]
    • A01N65/48—Zingiberaceae [Ginger family], e.g. ginger or galangal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
    • C05C11/00—Other nitrogenous fertilisers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
    • C05D9/02—Other inorganic fertilisers containing trace elements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of implantation methods of selenium-rich dragon fruit, it is characterised in that：The step of including selection of land, nursery, field planting, trimming and finishing, fertilizer and water management, orchard management and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.The present invention is using advanced farming, fertilizer such as Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer, selenium-rich organic liquid active fertilizer, organic fertilizer, powder ridge machines and except insect pest technology, not only it is effectively improved soil property environment, so that soil with organic matter and Se content greatly increase, the Se content for the dragon fruit planted out is high and dragon fruit yield is high, after testing in dragon fruit Se content in 0.40 0.50mg/kg, and insect pest technology is removed using plant insecticide and botanical fungicide, while nutrition is ensured, preferable insecticidal effect is also acted, economic benefit is very notable.

Description

The implantation methods of selenium-rich dragon fruit

Technical field

The present invention relates to the cultural method of industrial crops, more particularly to a kind of implantation methods of selenium-rich dragon fruit.

Background technology

Dragon fruit（Hylocereus undulatus Britt ), dragon fruit be also referred to as Hylocereus undatus, passion plant, Pitaya fruit, Yulong fruit；For the fruit of Cactaceae hylocereus platymiscium hylocereus, the Mexico and Brazil of Central-south America, people are originated in Work cultivation history has the centuries.The pericarp of dragon fruit takes on a red color pericarp with red elongated scale, and pulp is evenly distributed with sesame The seed of numb shape, the color of pulp have white, yellow, red, fruit and stem all edibles.In each hectogram dragon fruit pulp, 82 .55 grams of moisture content, 6 .1 grams of carrotene, 0 .17 grams of crude fat, 0 .81 grams of protein, 1 .21 grams of crude fibre, carbon aquation Close 13 .91 grams of object, 59 .65 kilocalories of heat, 1 .62 grams of dietary fiber, 3 .8 grams of vitamin C, 2 .83 grams of fructose, glucose 7 .83 grams, 5 .45 milligrams of calcium, 24 .6 milligrams of phosphorus, 0 .552 milligrams of iron and lot of anthocyanin（Red meat fruit kind is most rich）, it is water-soluble Property dietary proteins, phytalbumin etc..Dragon fruit is sweet flat, main nutrient composition have protein, dietary fiber, vitamin B2, Vitamin B3, vitamin C, iron, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium etc., the phase of abounding with are June to November.According to the research theory report of relevant expert, scholar Why road, dragon fruit have health significant medicinal and health-care efficacy, and mainly dragon fruit is rarer than general plant Special effect of three kinds of material compositions.These three material compositions are respectively " vegetable albumin ", " anthocyanidin ", " water-soluble meals Edible cellulose ".The presence of these three material compositions in addition containing multivitamin, a variety of amino acid content than general fruits and vegetables class more Add it is abundant, so more beneficial to the mankind.

Dragon fruit is adaptable, can be planted in provinces such as China Taiwan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Hainan, Fujian, Jiangxi, dragon fruit Not stringent to soil requirement, the more ground of level land, hilly ground, mountainous region, seashore sand ground, Stone Mountain muddy ground, salinity can plant, right Temperature is more sensitive, likes heat and is afraid of to tremble with fear；Therefore, dragon fruit is planted, temperature change, moisture how to be overcome to lack, soil condition is poor, soil The problems such as retain water and nutrients energy force difference.Meanwhile it is also to need to need further exist for solving the problems, such as to select which kind of kind plantation.In addition, During artificial growth dragon fruit, due to the desinsection largely grown using inorganic chemical fertilizer, a variety of high toxicities sprayed, drug effect Agent severely exceeds the residual quantity of chemical fertilizer in dragon fruit, pesticide, after such food is eaten by people, will be remained in human body Heavy metal can seriously endanger the life security of people.

In addition, selenium is indispensable trace element in human body, selenium and vitamin E are both anti-peroxidation substance（Peroxide Compound is harmful）, also turn out that its underfed children caused by lacking protein has therapeutic effect, to some possibility Carcinogen have resistant function.The performance of human body selenium deficiency is mainly alopecia, piptonychia, and skin symptom occur in some patientss, few Number patient may occur in which nervous symptoms and tooth loss.People is slight or moderate selenium deficiency, sign or symptom unobvious.Human body selenium deficiency can The disease that can be generated：Energy deficiency malnutrition, blood hemolytic anemia, Keshan disease, Kaschin-Beck disease, hypertension, ischemic heart Disease, hepatic sclerosis, pancreatitis, fibroma, cancer, myomata, not pregnant disease, diabetes, cataract etc..The World Health Organization has been realized To the harm of selenium deficiency, so various selenium-supply health products largely generate, still, for increasingly pursuing the modern of health, people It is highly desirable to through tonic come instead of building up one's health by taking tonic.In recent years, it is rich with the enhancing of people's health care consciousness and the promotion to the selenium degree of awareness Selenium agricultural and sideline product has been widely accepted and has accepted, and forms a kind of upsurge for pursuing selenium-rich product, therefore studies selenium-rich dragon fruit Have great importance.

At present, the method that foliage-spray inorganic selenium is all used for plantation selenium-rich dragon fruit, shortcoming clearly, leaf first Face, which sprays, requires selenium fertilizer comparision contents high, and the selenium fertilizer of high concentration is added with fertile cost；Secondly because foliage-spray, selenium fertilizer is very It easily trickles down to field, very big waste is thus caused to field runoff water and soil；Again, inorganic selenium residual quantity is often resulted in Greatly, and inorganic selenium has body apparent toxic action, and security is relatively low, it is impossible to be used in the production of organic Se-rich agricultural product.

The content of the invention

The purpose of invention is to provide a kind of implantation methods of dragon fruit, which obtains inorganic selenium fertilizer using fermentation Organic selenium fertilizer impose on dragon fruit, so as to increase the Se content of dragon fruit, increase substantially the quality of dragon fruit, economic benefit ten Divide notable.

The implantation methods of the dragon fruit of the present invention comprise the following steps：

A kind of implantation methods of selenium-rich dragon fruit, it is characterised in that：Including site preparation, nursery, field planting, trimming and finishing, rich water The step of management, orchard management and prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；And using Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer and selenium-rich organic liquid active fertilizer to fire Imperial fruit is applied fertilizer, and every plant applies 0 .5-2kg Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizers and 0 .5-1kg selenium-rich organics liquid active fertilizer；

The material composition and parts by weight of the Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer are ecological 60-85 parts of sheep manure, paulownia bran 10-20 Part, 5-15 parts of turf, the micro- fertilizer of selenium or 0 .5-3 parts of 0 .5-2 parts of selenium mineral powder, bacillus subtilis and/or actinomyces live bacteria agent；

The raw material that the selenium-rich organic liquid active fertilizer includes following parts by weight is made：50-60 parts of sisal hemp waste water, sugar The micro- fertilizer of 25-30 parts sweet, 10-15 parts of analysis for soybean powder, 2-4 parts of vitamin C, selenium or 0 .1-0 .5 of 0 .5-2 parts of selenium mineral powder and saccharomycete Part.

The site preparation is：Selection it is loose it is ventilative, draining is good, water conservation moisture retention is strong, silt content is the sand of 50-70% Matter soil plantation improves soil with Chinese medicine slag, pig, cattle and sheep excrement and the mixed fermentate of probiotics, and whole using powder ridge machine powdery ridge Mixed fermentate is spread on ground by ground, is mixed fertilizer in soil using the rotary tillage of powdery ridge depth.

The nursery is：Nursery is carried out using cuttage mode, selects annual above aging, robust growth, without disease pest Harmful rear fruitful branch of adopting is cut, and by the seedling anvil that its cutting back is 25-30cm, will be planted end with knife and is whittled into wedge, then with diluting 600 times Carbendazim solution takes out inversion and is placed on that 2-3 is small at shady and cool ventilation after impregnating 1-2 minute when, then cuttage in it is loose, ventilative, moisten Sandy loam seedbed in.

The field planting is：Be colonized in 3-4 months every year, during field planting, should weeds be first placed on cave bottom during backfill, table soil and Subsoil mixes with the fertilizer of equivalent fill out back respectively, and backfill face should be higher than that 3 centimetres of ground, wait the fertilizer in plant holes and soil shrinkage It can be colonized after stabilization.

The trimming and finishing is：After dragon fruit field planting, the pinching when stem length is to 1 .5-1 .8m promotees its top and grows Side shoot, every is stayed bud 3, and top of breaking again when sprouting is grown to 1 .5m inspires second branch；It yields positive results the phase, fruiting branch and battalion The lateral bud newly sprouted on foster branch, which is all dredged, to be gone, while also to dredge bud all on nutrition branch.

The fertilizer and water management is：1-2kg organic fertilizers and the life of 0 .5-1kg selenium-rich are spread fertilizer over the fields before field planting in the cave bottom dug As base manure after organic fertilizer mixing, in the organic fertilizer and Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer for applying Accelerate bloom by the end of March or at the beginning of 4 months every year Mixed fertilizer, thank spend after fruiting period apply selenium-rich organic liquid active fertilizer as top dressing, and coordinate and impose suitable nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer With extra-nutrition element.

The orchard management is：The spring tip is controlled, summer shoot of erasing protects leaf flower and fruit protecting, flower and fruit thinning after steady fruit, enhancing tree Gesture cultivates strong tree；Timely trimming is spent to malformed fruit, disease fruit disease, discovery, which has, is short of seedling, and should reseed in time, the plant reseeded will be strengthened Management.

The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control is to heap wax powder a red-spotted lizard, red spider, ant, snail, shot hole, anthracnose, droop Prevention；Dragon fruit insect pest is prevented using plant insecticide, dragon fruit disease is prevented using botanical fungicide.

Further, the probiotics for saccharomycete, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, lactic acid bacteria, Trichoderma, It is two or more in actinomyces.

Further, the material composition of the organic fertilizer and parts by weight be 30-60 parts of organic matter, 15-20 parts of crop tangerine stalk, 2-4 parts of 15-20 parts of pineapple waste residue, 5-10 parts of human faecal mass, 5-10 parts of waste residue of Chinese herbs, 2-4 parts of compound amino acid and humic acid.

Further, the production method of the Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following steps：In parts by weight by ecological sheep manure, Paulownia bran, turf are uniformly mixed, and obtain mixture；The micro- fertilizer of selenium of parts by weight or selenium mineral powder, withered grass gemma are added in the mixture Bacillus and/or actinomyces live bacteria agent, control moisture are uniformly mixed, build heap in 35%-50%, fermented 15-20 days at normal temperatures, i.e., It can obtain Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer.

Further, the material composition of the plant insecticide and parts by weight are：25-35 parts of galangal, Chinese prickly ash 20-30 Part, 10-15 parts of tobacco, 5-10 parts of lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus), 2-4 parts of ginkgo leaf, 2-4 parts of cloves, 2-4 parts of fruit of washing one's hands.

Further, the material composition of the botanical fungicide and parts by weight are：25-35 parts of macleaya cordata, kuh-seng 20-30 Part, 10-15 parts of baeckea frutescen, 5-10 parts of Desmos chinensis, 5-10 parts of betel nut, 2-4 parts of stone-like omphalia, 2-4 parts of Sophora alopecuroide, 2-4 parts of fruit of washing one's hands.

The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：

1st, the dragon fruit that the present invention plants is with growth is fast, production fruit is fast, flowers and fruits are very large, result is more, the receipts phase is long, selenium content The features such as high, fruit matter good yield height, fruiting period are disperseed, fruit storage tolerance.

Inorganic selenium fertilizer is imposed on flue by the 2nd, the selenium-rich dragon fruit of the method for the present invention plantation using the organic selenium fertilizer that fermentation obtains Fruit so that selenium element is easily absorbed abundant, the Se content height and dragon fruit yield height of the dragon fruit planted out by dragon fruit, After testing in dragon fruit Se content in 0.40-0.50mg/kg.

3rd, cultural method of the present invention is using Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer, selenium-rich organic liquid active fertilizer, organic fertilizer, powder ridge machine etc. Advanced farming, fertilizer and except insect pest technology, are not only effectively improved soil property environment so that soil with organic matter and Se content increase Add, and while nutrition is ensured, also acted preferably except insect pest technology using plant insecticide and botanical fungicide Insecticidal effect.

4th, the plant insecticide and botanical fungicide that the present invention uses are refined by herbaceous plant, abundant raw materials It is easy to get, production process is simple, at low cost, less toxic or even nontoxic to people, animal, Crop securify, environmentally safe, no drug Residual；Also there is apparent getting fat, production-increasing function, while at regulating crop growth, raising plant immune and degeneration-resistant aspect also There is apparent effect.

5th, Chinese medicine slag of the present invention, pig, cattle and sheep excrement and the mixed fermentate improvement soil environment of probiotics, inhibit harmful Microorganism enriches beneficial microbe, forms regenerative system, and dissolving phosphorus, potassium, fixed nitrogen collect energy three-dimensional, and improves soil The undesirable properties such as acid, alkali, viscous, husky and easy flooded, easy drought, promote pellet, improve the water conservation and permeability of soil.

Specific embodiment

Embodiment 1

A kind of implantation methods of selenium-rich dragon fruit, it is characterised in that：Including site preparation, nursery, field planting, trimming and finishing, rich water The step of management, orchard management and prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；And using Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer and selenium-rich organic liquid active fertilizer to fire Imperial fruit is applied fertilizer, and every plant applies 0 .5-2kg Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizers and 0 .5-1kg selenium-rich organics liquid active fertilizer；

The site preparation is：Selection it is loose it is ventilative, draining is good, water conservation moisture retention is strong, silt content is the sand of 50-70% Matter soil plantation improves soil with Chinese medicine slag, pig, cattle and sheep excrement and the mixed fermentate of probiotics, and whole using powder ridge machine powdery ridge Mixed fermentate is spread on ground by ground, is mixed fertilizer in soil using the rotary tillage of powdery ridge depth；

The nursery is：Nursery is carried out using cuttage mode, selects annual above aging, robust growth, without disease pest Harmful rear fruitful branch of adopting is cut, and by the seedling anvil that its cutting back is 25cm, will be planted end with knife and is whittled into wedge, then with dilution more than 600 times Bacterium spirit solution takes out inversion and is placed on that 2 .5 are small at shady and cool ventilation after impregnating 1 minute when, then cuttage is in loose, ventilative, moistening In sandy loam seedbed；

The field planting is：Annual field planting in March, during field planting, weeds first should be placed on cave bottom, table soil and bottom by when backfill Soil mixes with the fertilizer of equivalent fills out back respectively, and backfill face should be higher than that 3 centimetres of ground, waits fertilizer in plant holes and soil shrinkage steady It can be colonized after fixed；

The trimming and finishing is：After dragon fruit field planting, the pinching when stem length is to 1 .5m promotees its top and grows side shoot, Every is stayed bud 3, and top of breaking again when sprouting is grown to 1 .5m inspires second branch；It yields positive results the phase, fruiting branch and nutrition branch On the lateral bud newly sprouted all dredge and go, while also to dredge bud all on nutrition branch；

The fertilizer and water management is：1kg organic fertilizers and 0 .5kg Se-enriched bios are spread fertilizer over the fields in the cave bottom dug before field planting has As base manure after machine fertilizer mixing, in the mixing for the organic fertilizer and Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer for applying Accelerate bloom by the end of March or at the beginning of 4 months every year Fertilizer, thank spend after fruiting period apply selenium-rich organic liquid active fertilizer as top dressing, and coordinate and impose suitable nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to mend Fill nutrient；

The orchard management is：The spring tip is controlled, summer shoot of erasing protects leaf flower and fruit protecting, flower and fruit thinning after steady fruit, enhancing tree Gesture cultivates strong tree；Timely trimming is spent to malformed fruit, disease fruit disease, discovery, which has, is short of seedling, and should reseed in time, the plant reseeded will be strengthened Management；

The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control is to heap wax powder a red-spotted lizard, red spider, ant, snail, shot hole, anthracnose, droop Prevention；Dragon fruit insect pest is prevented using plant insecticide, dragon fruit disease is prevented using botanical fungicide.

The material composition and parts by weight of the Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer are ecological 60 parts of sheep manure, 10 parts of paulownia bran, grass The micro- fertilizer of 5 parts of charcoal, selenium or 0 .5 parts of 0 .5 parts of selenium mineral powder, bacillus subtilis and/or actinomyces live bacteria agent；

The raw material that the selenium-rich organic liquid active fertilizer includes following parts by weight is made：50 parts of sisal hemp waste water, molasses 0 .5 parts of 25 parts, 10 parts of analysis for soybean powder, 2 parts of vitamin C, the micro- fertilizer of selenium or selenium mineral powder and 0 .1 parts of saccharomycete.

Embodiment 2

A kind of implantation methods of selenium-rich dragon fruit, it is characterised in that：Including site preparation, nursery, field planting, trimming and finishing, rich water The step of management, orchard management and prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；And using Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer and selenium-rich organic liquid active fertilizer to fire Imperial fruit is applied fertilizer, and every plant applies 0 .5-2kg Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizers and 0 .5-1kg selenium-rich organics liquid active fertilizer；

The site preparation is：Selection it is loose it is ventilative, draining is good, water conservation moisture retention is strong, silt content is the sand of 50-70% Matter soil plantation improves soil with Chinese medicine slag, pig, cattle and sheep excrement and the mixed fermentate of probiotics, and whole using powder ridge machine powdery ridge Mixed fermentate is spread on ground by ground, is mixed fertilizer in soil using the rotary tillage of powdery ridge depth；

The nursery is：Nursery is carried out using cuttage mode, selects annual above aging, robust growth, without disease pest Harmful rear fruitful branch of adopting is cut, and by the seedling anvil that its cutting back is 30cm, will be planted end with knife and is whittled into wedge, then with dilution more than 600 times Bacterium spirit solution taken out after impregnating 2 minutes inversion be placed at shady and cool ventilation 2 it is small when, then cuttage is in the husky earth of loose, ventilative moistening In native seedbed；

The field planting is：Annual field planting in April, during field planting, weeds first should be placed on cave bottom, table soil and bottom by when backfill Soil mixes with the fertilizer of equivalent fills out back respectively, and backfill face should be higher than that 3 centimetres of ground, waits fertilizer in plant holes and soil shrinkage steady It can be colonized after fixed；

The trimming and finishing is：After dragon fruit field planting, the pinching when stem length is to 1 .8m promotees its top and grows side shoot, Every is stayed bud 3, and top of breaking again when sprouting is grown to 1 .5m inspires second branch；It yields positive results the phase, fruiting branch and nutrition branch On the lateral bud newly sprouted all dredge and go, while also to dredge bud all on nutrition branch；

The fertilizer and water management is：Before field planting 2kg organic fertilizers and 1kg Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizers are spread fertilizer over the fields in the cave bottom dug As base manure after mixing, in the organic fertilizer and the mixed fertilizer of Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer of applying Accelerate bloom by the end of March or at the beginning of 4 months every year, Thank spend after fruiting period apply selenium-rich organic liquid active fertilizer as top dressing, and coordinate and impose suitable nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer with Replacement Battalion Support element；

The orchard management is：The spring tip is controlled, summer shoot of erasing protects leaf flower and fruit protecting, flower and fruit thinning after steady fruit, enhancing tree Gesture cultivates strong tree；Timely trimming is spent to malformed fruit, disease fruit disease, discovery, which has, is short of seedling, and should reseed in time, the plant reseeded will be strengthened Management；

The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control is to heap wax powder a red-spotted lizard, red spider, ant, snail, shot hole, anthracnose, droop Prevention；Dragon fruit insect pest is prevented using plant insecticide, dragon fruit disease is prevented using botanical fungicide.

The material composition and parts by weight of the Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer are ecological 85 parts of sheep manure, 20 parts of paulownia bran, grass The micro- fertilizer of 15 parts of charcoal, selenium or 3 parts of 2 parts of selenium mineral powder, bacillus subtilis and/or actinomyces live bacteria agent；

The raw material that the selenium-rich organic liquid active fertilizer includes following parts by weight is made：60 parts of sisal hemp waste water, molasses 2 parts of 30 parts, 15 parts of analysis for soybean powder, 4 parts of vitamin C, the micro- fertilizer of selenium or selenium mineral powder and 0 .5 parts of saccharomycete.

Embodiment 3

A kind of implantation methods of selenium-rich dragon fruit, it is characterised in that：Including site preparation, nursery, field planting, trimming and finishing, rich water The step of management, orchard management and prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；And using Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer and selenium-rich organic liquid active fertilizer to fire Imperial fruit is applied fertilizer, and every plant applies 0 .5-2kg Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizers and 0 .5-1kg selenium-rich organics liquid active fertilizer；

The site preparation is：Selection it is loose it is ventilative, draining is good, water conservation moisture retention is strong, silt content is the sand of 50-70% Matter soil plantation improves soil with Chinese medicine slag, pig, cattle and sheep excrement and the mixed fermentate of probiotics, and whole using powder ridge machine powdery ridge Mixed fermentate is spread on ground by ground, is mixed fertilizer in soil using the rotary tillage of powdery ridge depth；

The nursery is：Nursery is carried out using cuttage mode, selects annual above aging, robust growth, without disease pest Harmful rear fruitful branch of adopting is cut, and by the seedling anvil that its cutting back is 26cm, will be planted end with knife and is whittled into wedge, then with dilution more than 600 times Bacterium spirit solution taken out after impregnating 1 minute inversion be placed at shady and cool ventilation 2 it is small when, then cuttage is in the husky earth of loose, ventilative moistening In native seedbed；

The field planting is：Annual field planting in March, during field planting, weeds first should be placed on cave bottom, table soil and bottom by when backfill Soil mixes with the fertilizer of equivalent fills out back respectively, and backfill face should be higher than that 3 centimetres of ground, waits fertilizer in plant holes and soil shrinkage steady It can be colonized after fixed；

The trimming and finishing is：After dragon fruit field planting, the pinching when stem length is to 1 .6m promotees its top and grows side shoot, Every is stayed bud 3, and top of breaking again when sprouting is grown to 1 .5m inspires second branch；It yields positive results the phase, fruiting branch and nutrition branch On the lateral bud newly sprouted all dredge and go, while also to dredge bud all on nutrition branch；

The fertilizer and water management is：Before field planting 1 .5kg organic fertilizers and 0 .6kg Se-enriched bios are spread fertilizer over the fields in the cave bottom dug As base manure after organic fertilizer mixing, in the mixed of the organic fertilizer and Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer for applying Accelerate bloom by the end of March or at the beginning of 4 months every year Hefei, thank spend after fruiting period apply selenium-rich organic liquid active fertilizer as top dressing, and coordinate impose suitable nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer with Extra-nutrition element；

The orchard management is：The spring tip is controlled, summer shoot of erasing protects leaf flower and fruit protecting, flower and fruit thinning after steady fruit, enhancing tree Gesture cultivates strong tree；Timely trimming is spent to malformed fruit, disease fruit disease, discovery, which has, is short of seedling, and should reseed in time, the plant reseeded will be strengthened Management；

The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control is to heap wax powder a red-spotted lizard, red spider, ant, snail, shot hole, anthracnose, droop Prevention；Dragon fruit insect pest is prevented using plant insecticide, dragon fruit disease is prevented using botanical fungicide.

The material composition and parts by weight of the Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer are ecological 70 parts of sheep manure, 15 parts of paulownia bran, grass The micro- fertilizer of 10 parts of charcoal, selenium or 2 parts of 1 part of selenium mineral powder, bacillus subtilis and/or actinomyces live bacteria agent；

The raw material that the selenium-rich organic liquid active fertilizer includes following parts by weight is made：55 parts of sisal hemp waste water, molasses 1 part of 27 parts, 12 parts of analysis for soybean powder, 3 parts of vitamin C, the micro- fertilizer of selenium or selenium mineral powder and 0 .2 parts of saccharomycete.

Embodiment 4

A kind of implantation methods of selenium-rich dragon fruit, it is characterised in that：Including site preparation, nursery, field planting, trimming and finishing, rich water The step of management, orchard management and prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；And using Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer and selenium-rich organic liquid active fertilizer to fire Imperial fruit is applied fertilizer, and every plant applies 0 .5-2kg Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizers and 0 .5-1kg selenium-rich organics liquid active fertilizer；

The site preparation is：Selection it is loose it is ventilative, draining is good, water conservation moisture retention is strong, silt content is the sand of 50-70% Matter soil plantation improves soil with Chinese medicine slag, pig, cattle and sheep excrement and the mixed fermentate of probiotics, and whole using powder ridge machine powdery ridge Mixed fermentate is spread on ground by ground, is mixed fertilizer in soil using the rotary tillage of powdery ridge depth；

The nursery is：Nursery is carried out using cuttage mode, selects annual above aging, robust growth, without disease pest Harmful rear fruitful branch of adopting is cut, and by the seedling anvil that its cutting back is 28cm, will be planted end with knife and is whittled into wedge, then with dilution more than 600 times Bacterium spirit solution taken out after impregnating 2 minutes inversion be placed at shady and cool ventilation 3 it is small when, then cuttage is in the husky earth of loose, ventilative moistening In native seedbed；

The field planting is：Annual field planting in April, during field planting, weeds first should be placed on cave bottom, table soil and bottom by when backfill Soil mixes with the fertilizer of equivalent fills out back respectively, and backfill face should be higher than that 3 centimetres of ground, waits fertilizer in plant holes and soil shrinkage steady It can be colonized after fixed；

The trimming and finishing is：After dragon fruit field planting, the pinching when stem length is to 1 .7m promotees its top and grows side shoot, Every is stayed bud 3, and top of breaking again when sprouting is grown to 1 .5m inspires second branch；It yields positive results the phase, fruiting branch and nutrition branch On the lateral bud newly sprouted all dredge and go, while also to dredge bud all on nutrition branch；

The fertilizer and water management is：Before field planting 1 .8kg organic fertilizers and 0 .8kg Se-enriched bios are spread fertilizer over the fields in the cave bottom dug As base manure after organic fertilizer mixing, in the mixed of the organic fertilizer and Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer for applying Accelerate bloom by the end of March or at the beginning of 4 months every year Hefei, thank spend after fruiting period apply selenium-rich organic liquid active fertilizer as top dressing, and coordinate impose suitable nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer with Extra-nutrition element；

The orchard management is：The spring tip is controlled, summer shoot of erasing protects leaf flower and fruit protecting, flower and fruit thinning after steady fruit, enhancing tree Gesture cultivates strong tree；Timely trimming is spent to malformed fruit, disease fruit disease, discovery, which has, is short of seedling, and should reseed in time, the plant reseeded will be strengthened Management；

The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control is to heap wax powder a red-spotted lizard, red spider, ant, snail, shot hole, anthracnose, droop Prevention；Dragon fruit insect pest is prevented using plant insecticide, dragon fruit disease is prevented using botanical fungicide.

The material composition and parts by weight of the Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer are ecological 80 parts of sheep manure, 18 parts of paulownia bran, grass The micro- fertilizer of 12 parts of charcoal, selenium or 1 part of 1 .5 parts of selenium mineral powder, bacillus subtilis and/or actinomyces live bacteria agent；

The raw material that the selenium-rich organic liquid active fertilizer includes following parts by weight is made：58 parts of sisal hemp waste water, molasses 1 .5 parts of 28 parts, 14 parts of analysis for soybean powder, 3 parts of vitamin C, the micro- fertilizer of selenium or selenium mineral powder and 0 .4 parts of saccharomycete.

The plantation situation table of 1 dragon fruit of table：

4000 jin of implantation methods per mu yield dragon fruit of selenium-rich dragon fruit of the present invention or more, more than 0 .40 mg/kg of Se content, Worm disease rate is below 14%, remarkable in economical benefits.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of implantation methods of selenium-rich dragon fruit, it is characterised in that：Including site preparation, nursery, field planting, trimming and finishing, rich water pipe The step of reason, orchard management and prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；And using Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer and selenium-rich organic liquid active fertilizer to flue Fruit is applied fertilizer, and every plant applies 0.5-2kg Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizers and 0.5-1kg selenium-rich organics liquid active fertilizer；
The material composition and parts by weight of the Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer be ecological 60-85 parts of sheep manure, 10-20 parts of paulownia bran, The micro- fertilizer of 5-15 parts of turf, selenium or 0.5-3 parts of 0.5-2 parts of selenium mineral powder, bacillus subtilis and/or actinomyces live bacteria agent；
The production method of Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following steps：Ecological sheep manure, paulownia bran, turf are mixed in parts by weight equal It is even, obtain mixture；The micro- fertilizer of selenium of parts by weight or selenium mineral powder, bacillus subtilis and/or actinomyces are added in the mixture Live bacteria agent, control moisture are uniformly mixed, build heap in 35%-50%, fermented 15-20 days at normal temperatures, you can obtaining Se-enriched bio has Machine fertilizer；
The raw material that the selenium-rich organic liquid active fertilizer includes following parts by weight is made：50-60 parts of sisal hemp waste water, molasses 0.5-2 parts of 25-30 parts, 10-15 parts of analysis for soybean powder, 2-4 parts of vitamin C, the micro- fertilizer of selenium or selenium mineral powder and 0.1-0.5 parts of saccharomycete.
2. the implantation methods of selenium-rich dragon fruit according to claim 1, including site preparation, nursery, field planting, trimming and finishing, fertilizer The step of water management, orchard management and prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, it is characterised in that：It is as follows：
The site preparation is：Selection it is loose it is ventilative, draining is good, water conservation moisture retention is strong, silt content is the sandy soil of 50-70% Plantation improves soil with Chinese medicine slag, pig, cattle and sheep excrement and the mixed fermentate of probiotics, and uses powder ridge machine powdery ridge site preparation, Mixed fermentate is spread on ground, is mixed fertilizer in soil using the rotary tillage of powdery ridge depth；
The nursery is：Nursery is carried out using cuttage mode, selects annual above aging, robust growth, no disease and pests harm It adopts rear fruitful branch to cut, by the seedling anvil that its cutting back is 25-30cm, will plant end with knife and be whittled into wedge shape, then with dilution more than 600 times When bacterium spirit solution takes out inversion and is placed on that 2-3 is small at shady and cool ventilation after impregnating 1-2 minute, then cuttage in it is loose, ventilative, moisten In sandy loam seedbed；
The field planting is：It is colonized in 3-4 months every year, during field planting, weeds first should be placed on cave bottom, table soil and subsoil by when backfill It mixes and fills out back with the fertilizer of equivalent respectively, backfill face should be higher than that 3 centimetres of ground, and the fertilizer in plant holes and soil shrinkage is waited to stablize After can be colonized；
The trimming and finishing is：After dragon fruit field planting, the pinching when stem length is to 1.5-1.8m promotees its top and grows side shoot, Every is stayed bud 3, and top of breaking again when sprouting is grown to 1.5m inspires second branch；It yields positive results the phase, on fruiting branch and nutrition branch The lateral bud newly sprouted all is dredged and gone, while also to dredge bud all on nutrition branch；
The fertilizer and water management is：1-2kg organic fertilizers are spread fertilizer over the fields in the cave bottom dug and 0.5-1kg Se-enriched bios are organic before field planting As base manure after fertilizer mixing, in the mixing for the organic fertilizer and Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer for applying Accelerate bloom by the end of March or at the beginning of 4 months every year Fertilizer, thank spend after fruiting period apply selenium-rich organic liquid active fertilizer as top dressing, and coordinate and impose suitable nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to mend Fill nutrient；
The orchard management is：The spring tip is controlled, summer shoot of erasing protects leaf flower and fruit protecting, and flower and fruit thinning after steady fruit enhances tree vigo(u)r, Cultivate strong tree；Timely trimming is spent to malformed fruit, disease fruit disease, discovery, which has, is short of seedling, and should reseed in time, the plant reseeded wants reinforced pipe Reason；
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control is the prevention to heap wax powder a red-spotted lizard, red spider, ant, snail, shot hole, anthracnose, droop； Dragon fruit insect pest is prevented using plant insecticide, dragon fruit disease is prevented using botanical fungicide.
3. the implantation methods of selenium-rich dragon fruit according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The probiotics is yeast It is two or more in bacterium, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, lactic acid bacteria, Trichoderma, actinomyces.
4. the implantation methods of selenium-rich dragon fruit according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The material composition of the organic fertilizer With parts by weight be 30-60 parts of organic matter, 15-20 parts of crop tangerine stalk, 15-20 parts of pineapple waste residue, 5-10 parts of human faecal mass, Chinese medicine give up 2-4 parts of 5-10 parts of slag, 2-4 parts of compound amino acid and humic acid.
5. the implantation methods of selenium-rich dragon fruit according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The material of the plant insecticide Material ingredient and parts by weight are：25-35 parts of galangal, 20-30 parts of Chinese prickly ash, 10-15 parts of tobacco, 5-10 parts of lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus), ginkgo leaf 2-4 parts, 2-4 parts of cloves, 2-4 parts of fruit of washing one's hands.
6. the implantation methods of selenium-rich dragon fruit according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The material of the botanical fungicide Material ingredient and parts by weight are：25-35 parts of macleaya cordata, 20-30 parts of kuh-seng, 10-15 parts of baeckea frutescen, 5-10 parts of Desmos chinensis, betel nut 5- 10 parts, 2-4 parts of stone-like omphalia, 2-4 parts of Sophora alopecuroide, 2-4 parts of fruit of washing one's hands.
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