CN103389370A - Establishment and application of mineral element nutrient diagnosis system for leaves of Xinjiang almond - Google Patents
Establishment and application of mineral element nutrient diagnosis system for leaves of Xinjiang almond Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses establishment and application of a mineral element nutrient diagnosis system for leaves of Xinjiang almond. According to the invention, through acquisition and analysis of samples of almond leaves from different regions and production areas in Xinjiang, the conditions of richness and shortage of nutrients in Xinjiang almond trees are known, thereby providing scientific bases for fertilization demands for realizing high-quality and high-yield production of Xinjiang almond. Concentrations of macroelements consisting of N, P, K, Ca and Mg and trace elements consisting of Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn in the Xinjiang almond leaf samples are determined by using a chemical analysis method, and the conditions of richness and shortage of nutrients in the Xinjiang almond trees are analyzed by using deviation from optimum percentage; the normal value range of standard values of mineral elements in the leaves of Xinjiang almond is established, so the mineral element nutrient diagnosis system for the leaves of Xinjiang almond and an application scheme of the system are established, and the system and the application scheme have extensive practicality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to almond nutrient diagnosis technical field.Specifically, the present invention relates to the foundation of a kind of Xinjiang almond Leaf Mineral nutrient diagnosis system and the technical field of application.
Background technology
The Xinjiang Shache county is China's almond main producing region, the existing nearly 60000hm of cultivated area
2for many years, Xinjiang almond output is unstable, remove outside climate reasons, the picked-up of plant nutrition is also the importance that determines output, in recent years by the mode to the leaf nutrition diagnosis to plant leaf nutrition estimated, its method has comparison curves method, polygon graphical method, critical value method, probability hierarchical method etc., but these diagnostic methods have certain limitation, the nutrient diagnosis method (
diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System) to be called for short DRIS be by South Africa
beaufields(1973) Methods of Nutrition Diagnosis for Plants proposed, can diagnose multiple element simultaneously, be based upon on the Mathematical Statistics Analysis basis, there is higher reliability, be not subject to the restriction in plant variety and strain age simultaneously, can reflect the relative demand order of plant to various nutrients.But it is not good that diagnosis effect is carried out in the not high orchard of production level, Appropriate deviation percent method (
deviation from Optimum Percentage, be called for short DOP) be by
mpntanes(1993) the new diagnostic method of a kind of convenience of calculation proposed, overcome these shortcomings to a certain extent, and can diagnose nutrient rich the same as the DRIS method lacks, also can discharge and need fertile order, but aspect the interaction of reflection element not as the DRIS method.Wherein Main Basis is: collect certain crop yield and the leaf composition data in somewhere, calculate the diagnostic criteria value, weigh accordingly the analysis result of unknown sample, point out equilibrium state between certain crop endotrophic element and to the desirability of each element.Its advantage is to be judged the demand order of crop alimentary element, and result of determination is not planted the restriction of age, leaf position.As can be seen here, the mode to leaf nutrition diagnosis that prior art provides to plant leaf nutrition estimate and have many restrictions and deficiency, need badly and improved.
South Africa in 1973
beaufilspropose nutrient diagnosis and fertilising and set up overall approach (being called for short DRIS), this method is subject to the impact at kind, nutrition and position of plant less, not only can reflect Condition of abundance or deficiency and the demand order of various nutrients, and can be diagnosed various nutrient elements simultaneously.1993,
mpntanesproposed a kind of new diagnostic method of convenience of calculation, the method has been corrected the deficiency that DRIS can not centering low yield garden be diagnosed, i.e. Appropriate deviation percent method (being called for short DOP).The DOP diagnosis also can be diagnosed the Condition of abundance or deficiency of nutrient, also can discharge and need fertile order; The character of the DOP exponential sum DRIS index of a certain mineral nutrient is consistent, and positive exponent means to set this element in body and can meet tree body needs or relative surplus; Index is more approaching zero, and this element balance more in the tree body is described; Negative exponent means this element deficiency, and the absolute value of negative value is larger, and in the tree body, this mineral nutrient element just more lacks.And Xinjiang local cultivation almond kind is Central Asia strain kind, U.S.'s cultivation almond is Mediterranean strain kind, adds that the grower strengthens using of almond intercropping plant wheat N fertilizer in recent years simultaneously, and the almond body is in combination of forestal and agricultural crops system, unavoidablely will absorb the N element, per unit area yield is lower.
In prior art, the standard value of nutritive element content in the almond leaf of Zhu Jinglin research Xinjiang, the suitable growth scope of N element is 2.0-2.8%, and the P element is 0.1-0.25 mg/g, and the K element is 1.4-2.2 mg/g, the Ca element is 2.0-2.8 mg/g, the Cu element is 4.0-7.3 μ g/g, and the Zn element is 25-31 μ g/g, and the Mn element is 20-35 μ g/g, the Fe element is 116-141 μ g/g, and the B element is 29-38 μ g/g, U.S. Warren C. almond that Micke shows is produced in the handbook book and is determined in the almond blade in content standard value scope, the suitable growth scope of N is 2.2-2.5%, the P element is 0.1-0.3 mg/g, the K element is 1.4 mg/g, the Ca element is 2.0 mg/g, the Mn element is 20 μ g/g, B is 30-65 μ g/g, the suitable growth scope difference of N in the content that both provide, in the almond leaf of Zhu Jinglin research Xinjiang, the standard value of nutritive element content is to determine before 30 years, lower of the equal prevailing condition of its research means and method is done, exist method excessively old, inapplicable under cultivation management fertilizer application condition nowadays, U.S. Warren C. almond that Micke shows is produced in the handbook book and is determined that in the almond blade, content standard value scope is applicable under continental United States's weather edaphic condition, all from body series, can carry out nutritive element content carries out classification and discharges needing fertile order different, after both existence has detected the almond mineral element, can not carry out the problem that classification and mineral element need fertile order to sort.
For high yield garden in existing Xinjiang almond plantation, with the coefficient of variation in low yield garden, compare, most mineral element coefficient of variation are greater than the low yield garden, for foundation and the application of Xinjiang almond Leaf Mineral nutrient diagnosis system, have important and far-reaching meaning.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed in prior art and have no the state of the art of report about Xinjiang almond Leaf Mineral nutrient diagnosis Establishing, prior art outwardness can not carry out the classification of almond Leaf Mineral and mineral element needs the fertile sequentially deficiency of sequence, in order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention aims to provide foundation and the application of a kind of Xinjiang almond Leaf Mineral nutrient diagnosis system, by the scientific evaluation almond body nutrition status of profit and loss, determine the range of normal value of almond blade Mineral Elements standard value, set up Xinjiang almond Leaf Mineral nutrient diagnosis system, and obtain good technique effect by the applicating evaluating in Xinjiang almond body nutrition break even, unbalanced for Xinjiang almond body nutrition supply, pass through science, reasonable supplement constant and micro elements aspect has important using value.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: by collection and the analysis of the almond leaf sample to Xinjiang different geographical, the place of production, be intended to understand the Xinjiang almond body nutrition status of profit and loss, the scientific basis of fertilising demand is provided to the harvesting high-quality high-yield for the Xinjiang almond; By adopting chemical analysis method to measure Xinjiang almond leaf sample macroelement N, P, K, Ca, Mg and micro-Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn concentration, and use Appropriate deviation percent method (DOP) to analyze the Xinjiang almond body nutrition status of profit and loss; Set up the range of normal value of Xinjiang almond blade Mineral Elements standard value: nitrogen 3.21～3.54%, phosphorus 1.33～1.48 mg/g, potassium 18.93～22.95 mg/g, calcium 24.53～29.69 mg/g, iron 212.82～272.09 μ g/g, copper 7.11～8.42 μ g/g, zinc 20.61～25.98 μ g/g, manganese 27.93～39.68 μ g/g and boron 150.25～198.12 μ g/g, and set up the application scheme of Xinjiang almond Leaf Mineral nutrient diagnosis system and this system.
The present invention is directed to the Xinjiang different geographical, the almond plantation present situation in the different places of production, serious according to the current trophic disturbance of Xinjiang almond, the unstable quality of output descends, the objective realization that the orchard continuous production is indifferent, particularly embodied the precipitation deficiency, specific aim is not strong, the state of the art of fruit tree nutrition and the inharmonic real contradiction of yield and quality, chemically measure the mineral element nitrogen in the blade in 90 the most representative almond gardens, Xinjiang, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, copper, zinc, 10 kinds of mineral elements of manganese and boron, then the height according to output is divided into low yield garden, 30,30 Ge Zhongchan garden of 30 high yields, mineral element utilization to high low yield garden
proc univariateprocess is carried out test of normality, to 9 elements in the almond blade that meets test of normality, use two kinds of nutrient diagnosis method DRIS and DOP, the coefficient of variation that is aided with the various elements in high low yield garden relatively after, show that take the DOP theory is advisable as basic nutrient diagnosis, the nutrition sequence of the mineral element drawn with its theory, afterwards to meeting 9 kinds of elements of normal distribution, with the probability hierarchical method mineral element grade scale that 4: 5 point-scores draw, nutrition sequence and the grade scale of final mineral element form the present invention.
The present invention specifically provides a kind of method of setting up Xinjiang almond Leaf Mineral nutrient diagnosis system, and this system step is by the following method set up:
(1) by holding the regularity of distribution of leaf nutritive element content, determine the check of almond high yield garden leaf nutrition element distribution normal state, adopt
proc univariateprocess is done the normal state check to high yield group nutrient, the elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, iron, copper, zinc, manganese and boron, and the test of normality probability is equal
p>=0.079, the content of these nine kinds of elements in the almond blade all is normal distribution, and magnesium elements content in the almond blade shows abnormal negative bias tendency; Wherein be in the almond blade of normal distribution each elemental nitrogen, potassium, iron, manganese and be positively biased and distribute,
skewness>0, phosphorus, calcium, copper, zinc, boron are negative bias and distribute,
skewness<0.
(2) division of almond leaf nutritive element content standard value range: according to Xinjiang almond leaf nutritive element content standard value, comprise shortage, low value, normal value, high value, cross high 5 numerical ranges; To 9 kinds of elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, iron, copper, zinc, manganese and boron in the almond blade that meets normal distribution, according to probability hierarchical, determine Xinjiang almond leaf nutritive element content standard value range: nitrogen is 3.21～3.54%, phosphorus is that 1.33～1.48 mg/g, potassium are that 18.93～22.95 mg/g, calcium are that 24.53～29.69 mg/g, iron are that 212.82～272.09 μ g/g, copper are that 7.11～8.42 μ g/g, zinc are that 20.61～25.98 μ g/g, manganese are that 27.93～39.68 μ g/g and boron are 150.25～198.12 μ g/g.
(3) division of almond leaf nutrient DOP diagnostic result critical field: the Xinjiang almond blade content provided according to step (2) meets the nitrogen of normal distribution, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, iron, copper, zinc, nine kinds of elements of manganese and boron, 5 grades of value ranges of its blade content obtained according to the probability hierarchical method, then use the DOP index method to provide almond leaf nutritive element content standard value range critical value to carry out diagnostic evaluation to step (2), can be by the N in diagnosis orchard, P, K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, the DOP index of B, wherein index method is according to DOP=[(C * 100)/Cref]-100, C is by the concentration of diagnosis sample element, the Optimum Contents that Cref is this element.
(4) Xinjiang almond leaf nutrient DOP diagnostic result: the DOP index means the intensity index that crop needs a certain nutrient, and it can be positive and negative and zero; Positive exponent is larger, shows that the intensity of needs is less, sometimes or even superfluous; Negative exponent is larger, shows that the intensity of needs is larger; When index equals zero, this element and other element are in equilibrium state, but equilibrium state might not be exactly not want it, and balance has high-caliber balance and low-level balance; Balance is relative, and when relative equilibrium is damaged because of fertilising or other factors impact, the DOP index of this element can transform to the plus or minus direction.
In the present invention, adopt
proc univariateprocess is carried out test of normality, and by N, P in check almond blade, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, B content distribution Normal Distribution whether, wherein W:Normal is
shapiro-Wilkthe test of normality statistic, Prob<W is the significance probability value (p value) of check.When N≤2000, test of normality is used
shapiro-Wilkstatistic, N>2000 o'clock use
kolmogorov Dstatistic; Execute
univariateafter process, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, B content distribution process in the almond blade
univariateafter the test of normality process; test of normality probability P rob<W is 0.0631,0.4687,0.167,0.7365,0.0019,0.4277,0.125,0.8547,0.1586,0.079; every p value should be refused null hypothesis under 0.05 level; think the distribution abnormal; be assay be N, P in the almond blade, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, B content distribution except Mg the content distribution of elements abnormal, other element is normality and distributes; In the present invention, Prob>W is the p value in statistics, and the test of normality probability is (Prob>W)>=0.079 all, is p>=0.079.
Simultaneously; the present invention also specifically provides the application of Xinjiang almond Leaf Mineral nutrient diagnosis system in tree body nutrition break even; it is applied simply: be the blade of getting a certain almond garden; according to its mineral element of chemical gauging N, P, K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, B; after obtaining its content value; use the DOP theory by the various Mineral Elements Content value of almond substitution DOP diagnostic formulation; calculate the DOP value of various mineral elements; according to the sequence of DOP numerical values recited, get final product to such an extent that this almond garden mineral element needs fertile order; Then with the above-mentioned almond leaf nutritive element content standard value range provided, compare, known these 9 kinds of mineral elements are in shortage, low value, normal value, high value, too high that one-level, after judging the rank of 9 kinds of mineral element blade content distribution, can know whether the mineral element needed in blade needs to carry out soil or blade fertilising.
By implementing the concrete summary of the invention of the present invention, can reach following effect.
(1) compared with prior art, the invention provides the foundation of Xinjiang almond Leaf Mineral nutrient diagnosis system, by setting up the range of normal value of almond blade Mineral Elements standard value: nitrogen 3.21～3.54%, phosphorus 1.33～1.48 mg/g, potassium 18.93～22.95 mg/g, calcium 24.53～29.69 mg/g, iron 212.82～272.09 μ g/g, copper 7.11～8.42 μ g/g, zinc 20.61～25.98 μ g/g, manganese 27.93～39.68 μ g/g and boron 150.25～198.12 μ g/g, unbalanced for Xinjiang almond body nutrition supply, answer science, the reasonable supplement constant and micro elements is the necessary condition of almond harvesting high-quality high-yield, this method is applied to the almond fertilization diagnosis of Xinjiang region, for balance fertilizing, increase almond output, improve quality foundation is provided.
(2) known by prior art, the optimum of fruit tree nutrition, not only depend on and the absolute value of all nutrients of blade also will depend on the equilibrium state between each nutrient; The high yield high-quality of each planting fruit-trees not only all has certain requirement to the optimal dose of nutrient, and, when a certain nutritive element content improves, if other nutrient also can correspondingly improve, just can reach the new balance of higher level, and yield and quality will further improve; And the foundation of Xinjiang provided by the invention almond Leaf Mineral nutrient diagnosis system is intended to show that the DOP index can clearly indicate to reach the primary element of this new equilibrium state, can be used as the important evidence that instructs fertilising; The size that is noted that DOP index absolute value is the concentrated expression of element balance state, and absolute value is larger, more uneven between element; DOP index absolute value and be called the nutritional imbalance index (
nutrient Imbalance Indexuse ∑ DOP) mean, ∑ DOP value approaches zero or while equalling zero, show to set mineral nutrient element relative equilibrium in body, this value is more uneven more greatly, less of relative equilibrium more, ∑ DOP all shows the high yield woods (scope 63.37～110.60 of ∑ DOP, mean value is 88.57) be less than low production forest (scope 97.10～275.05 of ∑ DOP, mean value is 167.53), this and prior art
nachtigall(2007) consistent with conclusion with the result of study of (2009) such as Liu Hongxia.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is for setting up Xinjiang almond Leaf Mineral nutrient diagnosis system process figure.
Embodiment
Below, by reference to the accompanying drawings 1, for embodiment, the present invention is described, still, the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
Select collection and the analysis of the almond leaf sample in Xinjiang different geographical, the different places of production in the present invention, small towns, territory, the Shache County county plantation almond of take especially is the typical sampling object, the all product of leaf are collected in 8-September in 2011, pick up from 26Ge village, 19 small towns of Xinjiang Shache County group, each 30 almond gardens of representative high yield garden (output>80kg/ mu) and low yield garden (output<20kg/ mu), age of tree 5-15a.Typical trees 5 strains are selected in each almond garden, take the stochastic sampling method according to the almond garden, at the tree crown middle part East, West, South, North direction random acquisition complete flawless mature leaf of growing on livings branch in 1 year, each 10,4 directions of every strain tree, form to mix the leaf sample, clean with distilled water flushing after, dry latter 105 ℃ and dry 10 minutes, latter 80 ℃ are dried 4 hours, and the sealing bag of packing into after pulverizing after collecting is standby.
The all material of selecting in the present invention, reagent, equipment and instrument are all well known selecting, but do not limit enforcement of the present invention, and other reagent more well known in the art and equipment are all applicable to the enforcement of the following embodiment of the present invention.
embodiment mono-: the foundation of Xinjiang almond Leaf Mineral nutrient diagnosis system
For the Xinjiang different geographical, the almond plantation present situation in the different places of production, serious according to the current trophic disturbance of Xinjiang almond, the unstable quality of output descends, the objective realization that the orchard continuous production is indifferent, particularly embodied the precipitation deficiency, specific aim is not strong, the state of the art of fruit tree nutrition and the inharmonic real contradiction of yield and quality, chemically measure the mineral element nitrogen in the blade in 90 the most representative almond gardens, Xinjiang, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, copper, zinc, 10 kinds of mineral elements of manganese and boron, then the height according to output is divided into low yield garden, 30,30 Ge Zhongchan garden of 30 high yields, mineral element utilization to high low yield garden
proc univariateprocess is carried out test of normality, to 9 elements in the almond blade that meets test of normality, use two kinds of nutrient diagnosis method DRIS and DOP, the coefficient of variation that is aided with the various elements in high low yield garden relatively after, show that take the DOP theory is advisable as basic nutrient diagnosis, the nutrition sequence of the mineral element drawn with its theory, afterwards to meeting 9 kinds of elements of normal distribution, with the probability hierarchical method mineral element grade scale that 4: 5 point-scores draw, nutrition sequence and the grade scale of final mineral element form the present invention, referring to accompanying drawing 1, Xinjiang almond Leaf Mineral nutrient diagnosis system is set up by following technical step.
(1) by holding the regularity of distribution of leaf nutritive element content, determine the check of almond high yield garden leaf nutrition element distribution normal state, adopt
proc univariateprocess is done the normal state check to high yield group nutrient, the elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, iron, copper, zinc, manganese and boron, and the test of normality probability is (Prob>W)>=0.079 all,
p>=0.079, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, iron, copper, zinc, manganese and the content of nine kinds of elements of boron in the almond blade all are normal distribution, and magnesium elements content in the almond blade shows abnormal negative bias tendency.Wherein be in the almond blade of normal distribution each elemental nitrogen, potassium, iron, manganese and be positively biased and distribute,
skewness>0, phosphorus, calcium, copper, zinc, boron are negative bias and distribute,
skewness<0.
(2) known according to step (1): nitrogen, potassium, iron, manganese, phosphorus, calcium, copper, zinc, boron pass through
proc univariatethe test of normality of process, then according to the normality distribution character of data, adopt probability hierarchical (SPG) method to be divided almond leaf nutritive element content standard value range: according to Xinjiang almond leaf nutritive element content standard value, to comprise shortage, low value, normal value, high value, cross high 5 numerical ranges.To 9 kinds of elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, iron, copper, zinc, manganese and boron in the almond blade that meets normal distribution, according to probability hierarchical, determine Xinjiang almond leaf nutritive element content standard value range: nitrogen is 3.21～3.54%, phosphorus is that 1.33～1.48 mg/g, potassium are that 18.93～22.95 mg/g, calcium are that 24.53～29.69 mg/g, iron are that 212.82～272.09 μ g/g, copper are that 7.11～8.42 μ g/g, zinc are that 20.61～25.98 μ g/g, manganese are that 27.93～39.68 μ g/g and boron are 150.25～198.12 μ g/g.
(3) carry out the division of almond leaf nutrient DOP diagnostic result critical field according to each grade standard after step (2) probability hierarchical: the Xinjiang almond blade content provided according to step (2) meets the nitrogen of normal distribution, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, iron, copper, zinc, nine kinds of elements of manganese and boron, 5 grades of value ranges of its blade content obtained according to the probability hierarchical method, then use the DOP index method to provide almond leaf nutritive element content standard value range critical value to carry out diagnostic evaluation to step (2), can be by the N in diagnosis orchard, P, K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, the DOP index of B, wherein index method is according to DOP=[(C * 100)/Cref]-100, C is by the concentration of diagnosis sample element, the Optimum Contents that Cref is this element.
(4) Xinjiang almond leaf nutrient DOP diagnostic result: the DOP index means the intensity index that crop needs a certain nutrient, and it can be positive and negative and zero; Positive exponent is larger, shows that the intensity of needs is less, sometimes or even superfluous; Negative exponent is larger, shows that the intensity of needs is larger; When index equals zero, this element and other element are in equilibrium state, but equilibrium state might not be exactly not want it, and balance has high-caliber balance and low-level balance, therefore to equilibrium problem, need to conscientiously judge; Balance is relative, and when relative equilibrium is damaged because of fertilising or other factors impact, the DOP index of this element can transform to the plus or minus direction.
By the above-mentioned Xinjiang almond Leaf Mineral nutrient diagnosis system provided is provided, technical scheme provided by the invention compared with prior art, the invention provides the foundation of Xinjiang almond Leaf Mineral nutrient diagnosis system, by setting up the range of normal value of almond blade Mineral Elements standard value: nitrogen 3.21～3.54%, phosphorus 1.33～1.48 mg/g, potassium 18.93～22.95 mg/g, calcium 24.53～29.69 mg/g, iron 212.82～272.09 μ g/g, copper 7.11～8.42 μ g/g, zinc 20.61～25.98 μ g/g, manganese 27.93～39.68 μ g/g and boron 150.25～198.12 μ g/g, unbalanced for Xinjiang almond body nutrition supply, answer science, the reasonable supplement constant and micro elements is the necessary condition of almond harvesting high-quality high-yield, this method is applied to the almond fertilization diagnosis of Xinjiang region, for balance fertilizing, increase almond output, improve quality foundation is provided.
embodiment bis-: the foundation of Xinjiang almond Leaf Mineral nutrient diagnosis system
Take 1g and pulverize the leaf sample, add dioxysulfate water to disappear and boil, mixed liquor disappear boil to clarified solution, standing, survey N nutrient content (Kjeldahls method is surveyed N) with clarified solution; Take 1g and pulverize the leaf sample, (according to LY/T 1270-1999 standard test Zn, Fe, Mg, Cu, Mn, Ca, k, the anti-method of molybdenum antimony is surveyed P, and the azomethine method is surveyed B).Can table 1 after adding up according to said method.
The calculating of DOP index
DOP=[(C * 100)/Cref]-100 [formula 1]
Wherein: C is by the concentration of diagnosis sample element, the Optimum Contents that Cref is this element.
The check of table 1 almond high yield garden leaf nutrition element distribution normal state
Annotate: "
* " the normality assumption establishment.
According to table 1, adopt proc univariate process to do the normal state check to high yield group nutrient, the elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, iron, copper, zinc, manganese and boron, the test of normality probability is (Prob>W) >=0.079 all, be that the content of these nine kinds of elements in the almond blade all is normal distribution, and magnesium elements content in the almond blade show abnormal negative bias tendency.Wherein be in the almond blade of normal distribution each elemental nitrogen, potassium, iron, manganese and be positively biased and distribute (Skewness>0), phosphorus, calcium, copper, zinc, boron are negative bias distribute (Skewness<0).
Table 2 Xinjiang almond leaf nutritive element content standard value
Known in the almond blade as shown in Table 1: in the almond blade, 9 kinds of elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, iron, copper, zinc, manganese and boron meet normal distribution.Characteristic by normal distribution can comprise leaf nutritive element content standard value shortage, low value, normal value, high value, cross high 5 numerical ranges, get final product to obtain table 2, to 9 kinds of elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, iron, copper, zinc, manganese and boron in the almond blade that meets normal distribution, be divided into 5 grades according to probability hierarchical by 4 minutes leaf analysis data of naming a person for a particular job, make 1 ~ 5 grade of shortage, low value, normal value, high value, too high 5 numerical range in the corresponding standard value of difference, 5 other sample probabilities of occurrence of level are respectively 10%, 20%, 40%, 20% and 10%.Wherein be in 3rd level, be about to the range of normal value of leaf analysis value as standard value, its value is as follows: nitrogen is 3.21～3.54%, phosphorus is that 1.33～1.48 mg/g, potassium are that 18.93～22.95 mg/g, calcium are that 24.53～29.69 mg/g, iron are that 212.82～272.09 μ g/g, copper are that 7.11～8.42 μ g/g, zinc are that 20.61～25.98 μ g/g, manganese are that 27.93～39.68 μ g/g and boron are 150.25～198.12 μ g/g.
Table 3: almond blade DOP diagnostic formulation
| Element | Formula F ormula |
| Nitrogen N | N DOP=[C×100/3.3753]-100 |
| Phosphorus P | P DOP=[C×100/1.4077]-100 |
| Potassium K | K DOP=[C×100/20.9383]-100 |
| Calcium Ca | Ca DOP=[C×100/27.10988]-100 |
| Iron Fe | Fe DOP=[C×100/242.4508]-100 |
| Copper Cu | Cu DOP=[C×100/7.7641]-100 |
| Zinc Zn | Zn DOP=[C×100/23.2928]-100 |
| Manganese Mn | Mn DOP=[C×100/33.80708]-100 |
| Boron | B DOP=[C×100/174.1851]-100 |
The mean value substitution of the various mineral elements of table 1 formula [1] in embodiment bis-is got final product to obtain to table 3.While below using the DOP diagnosis, all utilize diagnostic formulation in table 3 to calculate.
Table 4 DOP index classification Preliminary Standards
Nine kinds of elements that meet normal distribution according to table 2 almond blade content, 5 grades of value ranges of its blade content obtained according to the probability hierarchical method, then use DOP index method [formula 1] to carry out diagnostic evaluation to its scope critical value, can be by the DOP index of N, the P in diagnosis orchard, K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, B in Table 4.Index is less, shows to need fertile intensity larger, and each index absolute value sum is larger, shows between element more unevenly, estimates accordingly nutrient balance level in the almond blade, and from table 4: the suitable Σ DOP of each element value is 93.27.
Table 5 high yield garden DOP diagnoses index and needs fertile order
| Sequence number | Nitrogen N | Phosphorus P | Potassium K | Calcium Ca | Iron Fe | Copper Cu | Zinc Zn | Manganese Mn | Boron | Need fertile order | ΣDOP |
| 1 | -8.16 | 8.26 | 40.81 | 20.21 | -18.32 | 0.13 | -18.01 | -39.11 | 31.38 | Mn＞Fe＞Zn＞N＞Cu＞P＞Ca＞B＞K | 184.37 |
| 2 | -0.99 | -5.73 | -1.56 | -9.72 | 8.45 | 17.48 | 4.63 | 54.18 | -4.40 | Ca＞P＞B＞K＞N＞Zn＞Fe＞Cu＞Mn | 107.14 |
| 3 | -7.68 | -10.03 | 19.55 | 27.36 | 11.11 | 16.14 | 43.50 | 31.49 | 27.80 | P＞N＞Fe＞Cu＞K＞Ca＞B＞Mn＞Zn | 194.68 |
| 4 | -13.79 | -5.06 | -2.93 | 15.36 | 8.66 | 1.17 | 7.55 | -27.38 | 16.48 | Mn＞N＞P＞K＞Cu＞Zn＞Fe＞Ca＞B | 98.39 |
| 5 | 14.12 | -5.15 | -21.85 | -10.81 | -32.18 | -9.09 | -13.36 | -16.18 | -38.16 | B＞Fe＞K＞Mn＞Zn＞Ca＞Cu＞P＞N | 160.89 |
| 6 | -11.74 | 4.47 | -10.15 | 3.16 | 37.86 | -3.52 | 32.87 | 29.26 | 10.11 | N＞K＞Cu＞Ca＞P＞B＞Mn＞Zn＞Fe | 143.15 |
| 7 | -10.11 | 2.06 | 14.37 | 18.64 | 17.20 | 14.29 | -4.32 | 60.43 | -5.15 | N＞B＞Zn＞P＞Cu＞K＞Fe＞Ca＞Mn | 146.59 |
| 8 | -7.74 | 0.34 | -11.99 | -3.66 | -29.60 | -4.81 | 28.44 | 2.73 | 13.46 | Fe＞K＞N＞Cu＞Ca＞P＞Mn＞B＞Zn | 102.76 |
| 9 | 8.79 | -7.98 | -18.64 | -10.75 | -11.32 | -5.28 | 9.12 | 8.16 | -47.75 | B＞K＞Fe＞Ca＞P＞Cu＞Mn＞N＞Zn | 127.80 |
| 10 | -0.84 | 11.94 | -21.38 | -14.69 | -28.66 | 22.25 | -21.45 | -6.60 | 23.82 | Fe＞Zn＞K＞Ca＞Mn＞N＞P＞Cu＞B | 151.64 |
| 11 | -9.73 | -4.40 | -18.15 | 13.39 | -13.71 | -11.47 | 40.09 | -15.75 | 13.65 | K＞Mn＞Fe＞Cu＞N＞P＞Ca＞B＞Zn | 140.34 |
| 12 | -8.22 | -7.10 | 6.05 | 11.28 | -5.20 | -6.29 | 4.79 | 83.17 | -19.21 | B＞N＞P＞Cu＞Fe＞Zn＞K＞Ca＞Mn | 151.31 |
| 13 | -0.66 | 10.30 | -3.40 | -1.38 | -1.04 | 27.56 | 11.78 | 33.25 | -7.82 | B＞K＞Ca＞Fe＞N＞P＞Zn＞Cu＞Mn | 97.20 |
| 14 | 11.31 | 5.41 | -13.95 | -19.42 | 9.93 | -2.49 | -30.19 | -45.12 | -66.96 | B＞Mn＞Zn＞Ca＞K＞Cu＞P＞Fe＞N | 204.78 |
| 15 | -16.42 | -6.45 | -9.65 | 22.30 | 41.28 | -26.29 | 5.33 | -21.94 | -1.68 | Cu＞Mn＞N＞K＞P＞B＞Zn＞Ca＞Fe | 151.34 |
| 16 | 9.56 | 2.64 | 6.95 | -34.24 | 2.42 | 3.09 | 23.09 | -28.54 | 21.23 | Ca＞Mn＞Fe＞P＞Cu＞K＞N＞B＞Zn | 131.76 |
| 17 | 4.35 | -11.60 | -13.89 | 6.88 | 24.02 | -48.92 | -12.59 | -27.77 | -1.55 | Cu＞Mn＞K＞Zn＞P＞B＞N＞Ca＞Fe | 151.56 |
| 18 | 10.63 | 1.16 | 20.25 | -5.39 | -30.47 | -3.90 | 9.32 | 17.05 | -28.54 | Fe＞B＞Ca＞Cu＞P＞Zn＞N＞Mn＞K | 126.70 |
| 19 | -1.40 | -1.13 | -20.10 | -0.20 | 1.93 | -11.32 | -26.05 | -31.21 | 13.40 | Mn＞Zn＞K＞Cu＞N＞P＞Ca＞Fe＞B | 106.74 |
| 20 | -10.14 | 2.47 | 22.89 | 16.46 | 30.71 | 10.08 | -11.98 | -26.90 | 2.54 | Mn＞Zn＞N＞P＞B＞Cu＞Ca＞K＞Fe | 134.18 |
| 21 | 13.95 | 11.35 | 20.71 | -18.86 | -10.48 | 27.88 | 6.00 | -9.55 | 27.51 | Ca＞Fe＞Mn＞Zn＞P＞N＞K＞B＞Cu | 146.29 |
| 22 | 13.29 | -26.40 | -28.47 | -41.94 | -4.78 | -20.00 | -54.09 | -47.46 | -52.82 | Zn＞B＞Mn＞Ca＞K＞P＞Cu＞Fe＞N | 289.26 |
| 23 | 1.44 | -6.09 | -5.12 | -4.89 | -31.76 | 0.94 | -15.47 | -13.30 | -8.25 | Fe＞Zn＞Mn＞B＞P＞K＞Ca＞Cu＞N | 87.26 |
| 24 | 14.54 | -3.33 | -2.23 | -13.54 | 27.78 | -0.76 | 22.13 | -8.55 | 44.79 | Ca＞Mn＞P＞K＞Cu＞N＞Zn＞Fe＞B | 137.65 |
| 25 | -6.11 | 13.54 | 28.62 | 22.19 | -3.03 | 5.89 | -4.76 | -36.09 | 12.11 | Mn＞N＞Zn＞Fe＞Cu＞B＞P＞Ca＞K | 132.33 |
| 26 | -7.06 | -2.04 | -9.65 | 31.79 | -11.69 | -10.96 | -28.42 | 30.08 | 13.98 | Zn＞Fe＞Cu＞K＞N＞P＞B＞Mn＞Ca | 145.66 |
| 27 | 4.17 | 16.62 | -17.19 | -22.36 | -12.14 | 20.83 | -10.94 | 5.69 | -1.34 | Ca＞K＞Fe＞Zn＞B＞N＞Mn＞P＞Cu | 111.28 |
| 28 | 9.62 | 16.22 | 9.58 | -3.73 | 11.69 | 4.74 | 7.46 | 36.70 | -14.82 | B＞Ca＞Cu＞Zn＞K＞N＞Fe＞P＞Mn | 114.57 |
| 29 | -1.28 | -17.48 | 31.84 | 11.63 | -37.13 | -8.16 | 3.50 | -4.34 | 4.24 | Fe＞P＞Cu＞Mn＞N＞Zn＞B＞Ca＞K | 119.60 |
| 30 | 6.30 | 13.19 | 8.68 | -5.09 | 48.46 | 0.82 | -7.96 | 13.59 | 21.97 | Zn＞Ca＞Cu＞N＞K＞P＞Mn＞B＞Fe | 126.05 |
Meet normal distribution according to N, P, K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, B in the known almond blade of table 1, then the element that meets normal distribution is used to the DOP diagnostic method, can table 5.Then the DOP value of gained, mean the intensity index that crop needs a certain nutrient, and it can be positive and negative and zero.Positive exponent is larger, shows that the intensity of needs is less, sometimes or even superfluous; Negative exponent is larger, shows that the intensity of needs is larger; When index equals zero, this element and other element are in equilibrium state, but equilibrium state might not be exactly not want it, and balance has high-caliber balance and low-level balance.Therefore to equilibrium problem, need to conscientiously judge.Balance is relative, and when relative equilibrium is damaged because of fertilising or other factors impact, the DOP index of this element can transform to the plus or minus direction.As shown in Table 5: in almond high yield garden, the fertile order of the need to mineral element in each orchard is different, its Σ DOP value is high is 289.26, hanging down is 87.26, and mean value is 140.8, with the suitable Σ DOP value 93.27 of table 3 gained almond blade Plays, compares, be greater than its suitable Σ DOP value 93.27 in its 30 almond high yield gardens 29 orchards are arranged, only have an orchard Σ DOP value to be less than 93.27, both Shache County plantation almond body nutrition supply was unbalanced, in production, should supplement various mineral elements.
embodiment tri-: the application of Xinjiang almond Leaf Mineral nutrient diagnosis system
The Xinjiang almond Leaf Mineral nutrient diagnosis system provided according to above-described embodiment one and two; get the blade in a certain almond garden, Xinjiang; according to its mineral element of chemical gauging N, P, K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, B; after obtaining its content value; use the DOP theory by the various Mineral Elements Content value of almond substitution DOP diagnostic formulation; calculate the DOP value of various mineral elements, according to the sequence of DOP numerical values recited, get final product to such an extent that this almond garden mineral element needs fertile order; Then with the above-mentioned almond leaf nutritive element content standard value range provided, compare, known these 9 kinds of mineral elements are in shortage, low value, normal value, high value, too high that one-level, after judging the rank of 9 kinds of mineral element blade content distribution, can know whether the mineral element needed in blade needs to carry out soil or blade fertilising.As 3 groups, 14 village, Kashi Area of Xingjiang Autonomous Region A Rele township almond garden Leaf Mineral N 3.1%, P 1.52mg/g, K 29.48mg/g, Ca 32.59 mg/g, Fe 198.04 μ g/g, Cu 7.77 μ g/g, Zn 19.1 μ g/g, Mn20.59 μ g/g, B 228.85 μ g/g.Known its of the technology provided according to embodiment mono-step (4) needs fertile order for Mn>Fe>Zn>N>Cu>P>Ca>B>K, Σ DOP is 184.37, by analyzing known Mn, it is low value, Fe is low value, Zn is low value, N is low value, Cu is suitable, P is high value, Ca is excessive, B is high value, K is excessive, comprehensive above known this each mineral element of almond garden is unbalanced, need blade face or soil to supplement Mn, Fe, Zn and N, other element wouldn't need to supplement, in with this, almond being produced, gather blade in good time, variation according to the blade Mineral Elements, precisely fertilising is produced in the guidance of science.
Prior art is known, and the optimum of fruit tree nutrition not only depends on and the absolute value of all nutrients of blade also will depend on the equilibrium state between each nutrient; The high yield high-quality of each planting fruit-trees not only all has certain requirement to the optimal dose of nutrient, and, when a certain nutritive element content improves, if other nutrient also can correspondingly improve, just can reach the new balance of higher level, and yield and quality will further improve; And the foundation of Xinjiang provided by the invention almond Leaf Mineral nutrient diagnosis system is intended to show that the DOP index can clearly indicate to reach the primary element of this new equilibrium state, can be used as the important evidence that instructs fertilising; The size that is noted that DOP index absolute value is the concentrated expression of element balance state, and absolute value is larger, more uneven between element; DOP index absolute value and be called the nutritional imbalance index (
nutrient Imbalance Indexuse ∑ DOP) mean, ∑ DOP value approaches zero or while equalling zero, show to set mineral nutrient element relative equilibrium in body, this value is more uneven more greatly, less of relative equilibrium more, ∑ DOP all shows the high yield woods (scope 63.37～110.60 of ∑ DOP, mean value is 88.57) be less than low production forest (scope 97.10～275.05 of ∑ DOP, mean value is 167.53), this and prior art
nachtigall(2007) consistent with conclusion with the result of study of (2009) such as Liu Hongxia.
Claims (2)
1. a method of setting up Xinjiang almond Leaf Mineral nutrient diagnosis system, is characterized in that, described method is set up by following steps:
(1) by holding the regularity of distribution of leaf nutritive element content, determine the check of almond high yield garden leaf nutrition element distribution normal state, adopt
proc univariateprocess is done the normal state check to high yield group nutrient, the elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, iron, copper, zinc, manganese and boron, and the test of normality probability is equal
p>=0.079, the content of these nine kinds of elements in the almond blade all is normal distribution, and magnesium elements content in the almond blade shows abnormal negative bias tendency; Wherein be in the almond blade of normal distribution each elemental nitrogen, potassium, iron, manganese and be positively biased and distribute,
skewness>0, phosphorus, calcium, copper, zinc, boron are negative bias and distribute,
skewness<0;
(2) division of almond leaf nutritive element content standard value range: according to Xinjiang almond leaf nutritive element content standard value, comprise shortage, low value, normal value, high value, cross high 5 numerical ranges; To 9 kinds of elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, iron, copper, zinc, manganese and boron in the almond blade that meets normal distribution; according to probability hierarchical, determine Xinjiang almond leaf nutritive element content standard value range: nitrogen is 3.21～3.54%, phosphorus is that 1.33～1.48 mg/g, potassium are that 18.93～22.95 mg/g, calcium are that 24.53～29.69 mg/g, iron are that 212.82～272.09 μ g/g, copper are that 7.11～8.42 μ g/g, zinc are that 20.61～25.98 μ g/g, manganese are that 27.93～39.68 μ g/g and boron are 150.25～198.12 μ g/g;
(3) division of almond leaf nutrient DOP diagnostic result critical field: the Xinjiang almond blade content provided according to step (2) meets the nitrogen of normal distribution, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, iron, copper, zinc, nine kinds of elements of manganese and boron, 5 grades of value ranges of its blade content obtained according to the probability hierarchical method, then use the DOP index method to provide almond leaf nutritive element content standard value range critical value to carry out diagnostic evaluation to step (2), can be by the N in diagnosis orchard, P, K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, the DOP index of B, wherein index method is according to DOP=[(C * 100)/Cref]-100, C is by the concentration of diagnosis sample element, the Optimum Contents that Cref is this element,
(4) Xinjiang almond leaf nutrient DOP diagnostic result: the DOP index means the intensity index that crop needs a certain nutrient, and it can be positive and negative and zero; Positive exponent is larger, shows that the intensity of needs is less, sometimes or even superfluous; Negative exponent is larger, shows that the intensity of needs is larger; When index equals zero, this element and other element are in equilibrium state, but equilibrium state might not be exactly not want it, and balance has high-caliber balance and low-level balance; Balance is relative, and when relative equilibrium is damaged because of fertilising or other factors impact, the DOP index of this element can transform to the plus or minus direction.
2. the application of method in tree body nutrition break even of setting up Xinjiang almond Leaf Mineral nutrient diagnosis system as claimed in claim 1; it is characterized in that; get the blade in almond garden, Xinjiang; according to its mineral element of chemical gauging N, P, K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, B; after obtaining its content value; calculate the DOP value of various mineral elements, according to the sequence of DOP numerical values recited, get final product to such an extent that this almond garden mineral element needs fertile order; Then with almond leaf nutritive element content standard value range, compare; known these 9 kinds of mineral elements are in shortage, low value, normal value, high value, too high that one-level; after judging the rank of mineral element blade content distribution, can know whether the mineral element needed in blade needs to carry out soil or blade fertilising; Xinjiang almond leaf nutritive element content standard value range: nitrogen is 3.21～3.54%, phosphorus is that 1.33～1.48 mg/g, potassium are that 18.93～22.95 mg/g, calcium are that 24.53～29.69 mg/g, iron are that 212.82～272.09 μ g/g, copper are that 7.11～8.42 μ g/g, zinc are that 20.61～25.98 μ g/g, manganese are that 27.93～39.68 μ g/g and boron are 150.25～198.12 μ g/g.
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