CN104865349A - Blueberry leaf nutrient diagnosis and fertilizing method - Google Patents
Blueberry leaf nutrient diagnosis and fertilizing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104865349A CN104865349A CN201510216604.4A CN201510216604A CN104865349A CN 104865349 A CN104865349 A CN 104865349A CN 201510216604 A CN201510216604 A CN 201510216604A CN 104865349 A CN104865349 A CN 104865349A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a blueberry leaf nutrient diagnosis and fertilizing method. The method comprises six steps of blueberry leaf sampling, pre-treatment, leaf analysis, nutrient diagnosis, efficient fertilizing and element deficiency correction. According to the method, technical requirements of blueberry leaf sampling, pre-treatment, leaf analysis, nutrient diagnosis, efficient fertilizing and element deficiency correction are raised and standardized, and the method is applicable to production of high-bush blueberries and rabbit-eye blueberries.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of blueberry Foliar nutrient diagnosis and fertilizing method.
Background technology
Nutrient diagnosis (nutrient diagnosis) is using the index such as phytomorph, Physiology and biochemistry as basis, judges the nutrition condition of plant.
In recent years, domestic the research that trees carry out nutrient diagnosis to be increased gradually.Huang Yizong utilizes critical value method to have studied the relation of growth of Eucalyptus urophylla and Leaf nutrient contents, determines the critical nutrient density scope of needle N, P, K.Wei Maorong determines N/P (mass ratio) in the research of larch-tree just when being 10.088 ± 0.0754, K/P (mass ratio) just when be 1.2873 ± 0.4355, K/N (mass ratioes) just when being 0.4722 ± 0.036.Nutrient diagnosis about forests such as wet-land pine tree, chestnut, ginkgo, tung oil tree, American elm, walnut, Chinese catalpa, locust tree, Eucalyptus urophyllas also has certain research report.The Measures compare of tree nutrition diagnosis is many, has cultivation experiments method, Analysis on Soil Nutrients method, forest form symptom vector analysis, Plant tissue analysis diagnosis.
Plant tissue analysis method is all generally carry out according to the result of leaf analysis, because blade not only nutrient is more, and be that trees change the most responsive organ to nutrient profit and loss, the collection of laboratory sample and preparation are all than being easier to, so many research all adopts the nutrition condition of blade to determine forest nutrient situation, its diagnostic result is comparatively reliable.Certainly the also growing point of useful branch, blade tip or go handle blade, gnarl or trunk bast, myron, root, leaf bud etc. to carry out diagnosing.Leaf analysis diagnosis can be roughly divided into critical value concentration method and diagnosis and recommendation integrated system again.Richards definition obtains the nutrient density of 90% of maximum harvest yield, is critical value concentration.The method measuring critical value concentration be the nutrient density reached in plant tissue and after using varying number fertilizer the increment of plant connect, the para-curve setting up increment or output and leaf nutrient concentration is reached the same goal equation.And draw.In equation the corresponding nutrient density of increment extreme value be just when, the corresponding nutrient density of production peak 90% is critical value.
Diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (Diagnosis and Reeommendation Integrated System, be called for short DRIS) be teach deficiency for crop leaf nutrition critical value diagnostic method by French scholar Beaufils and South Africa Sumner, for the false antagonism between avoiding due to nutrient causes the mistaken diagnosis of chemical diagnosis and propose from Crop nutrient balance angle.Theoretical for foundation with nutrient balance, the ratio adopting nutrient density in plant is diagnosis index, is successfully applied to the nutrient diagnosis of crops.Simultaneously its advantage can diagnose multiple element; The formulation of standard applies Mathematical Statistics Analysis, improves the reliability of diagnosis; Impact by factors such as kind, breeding time, sampling sites is less; Accuracy is high.Over nearly more than 30 years, more and more come into one's own with Fertilizer Application Based On Nutrient Diagnosis, but the diagnosis index adopted at present is the critical range method (i.e. appropriate value) of single nutrient, because Nutrient content in foliage often fluctuates by various factors, still there is certain problem during application.
DRIS diagnosis can not only diagnosis of plant fertilising order and also not by the restriction such as the age of tree, tree vigo(u)r and picking leaves standard, accuracy is high.DRIS diagnosis is tested on soybean, corn, wheat, all obtains positive effect, but the still rare report of application on perennial fruit tree.Be subject to the attention of agrochemical scholar in states such as the U.S., South Africa, Holland, Australia, Brazil, and be applied aborning.
Blueberry is constant substantially to the demand of certain nutrition on physiology, due to the change of environmental baseline, management and nutrition supply level, easily occurs the shortage of fruit tree nutrition and excessive.Except holding the supply of nutrition, the mutual coordination between various nutrient is considerable, if ignore this problem, easily causes crop and fruit quality to decline, causes inevitable economic loss.The theory of mineral nutrition of Li Bixi and law of minimum nourishment are that Foliar nutrient diagnosis has established theoretical foundation; Leaf analysis technology is utilized to carry out nutrient diagnosis to fruit tree nutrition situation, object is not only the Optimum proposing fertilizer, by regulate fertilizer use the imbalance problem solving trunk infusion, also the absorption of apple nutrient, utilization, distribution and accumulation are regulated, thus realize the balance of nutrient.Nutrient content in foliage standard value comprises shortage, low value, normal value, high level, crosses high 5 numerical ranges, in the normal leaf of large result various nutritive element content statistics basis on, confirmed standard normal value, determines critical concentration and optimum concentration further.
The determination of DRIS parameter is on the basis of building database, has been come by data analysis.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of blueberry Foliar nutrient diagnosis and fertilizing method.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is: blueberry Foliar nutrient diagnosis and fertilizing method, comprise the following steps:
(1) foliar analysis
Proper Sampling Period: in after gathering 1 ~ 2 week before fruit harvesting;
Roguing: in flakes orchard, each Fruit variety at least 10 strain, adopt S type or diagonal method roguing, selected plant can represent whole orchard situation, the selected tree age of tree, residing soil fertility, important and influential persons consistent; If physical features P balance is comparatively large in a slice orchard, subregion roguing sampling;
Sampling: from the blade of 4th ~ 6 growth and maturity in top on fruitful branch, every strain tree all gets 5 leaves by orientation, and totally 100 leaves form a sample; Should avoid choosing disease worm leaf or damage leaf;
Sample preparation: by the blade gathered, first cleans in 0.1% neutral detergent, then rinses with clear water, then with after deionized water rinsing at least twice, by 70 DEG C ~ 80 DEG C oven for drying, grinds with glass mortar, crosses 0.25 ~ 0.5mm sieve; Scene can not process in time can be cleaned after Cord blood again;
Sample analysis:
Full dose N P and K in blade, adopts H
2sO
4-H
2o
2clear up, Kjeldahl nitrogen determination nitrogen, spectrophotometry phosphorus, flame spectrophotometric determination potassium;
Full dose Fe, Mn, Cu zinc calcium magnesium in blade, adopts micro-wave digestion, and atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) measures;
Full dose boron in blade, adopts dry ash method to decompose, Using Curcumin Colorimetric;
Full dose sulphur in blade, adopts HNO
3-HClO
4clear up, BaSO
4turbidimetry for Determination;
Full dose molybdenum in blade, can, after dry ashing, adopt Polarographic Catalytic Wave to measure;
(2) diagnose
According to the result of foliar analysis standard value, foliar analysis, with reference to soil analysis result and orchard management situation, orchard trunk infusion profit and loss are judged, formulate fertilizer applications;
(3) apply fertilizer
Principle: take balance fertilizing as principle, fertilizer used and using priciple should meet the requirement of NY/T 496 " fertilizer reasonable application general rule "; Do not use chloride, calcic and nitrate nitrogen fertilizer, preferentially select fertilizer and composite fertilizer, when nutritional deficiency is corrected, single-element fertilizer can be selected;
Rate of fertilizer application and fertilization time: after field planting the first three years can Shaoshi fertile, the best fruiting period, nitrogen total amount 15kg was executed for standard every year with every mu in orchard, joins execute phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer by 1: 1: 1; For nutritional deficiency orchard adjustable phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer ratio; Fertilization time is mainly before and after rudiment in early spring or after fruit harvesting;
Fertilizing method: to spread fertilizer over the fields; High clump blueberry and Vaccinium ashei can adopt ditch to excute a law, and degree of depth 10cm ~ 15cm is advisable; Spread fertilizer over the fields in periphery, tree crown orthogonal projection edge or open strip groove when fertilizer, composite fertilizer and blueberry special fertilizer make base manure and apply, also can be mixed into soil layer in conjunction with shallow plowing weeding; Liquid or dissolved fertilizer can in conjunction with fertigation, also can foliage-spray;
Nutritional deficiency is rescued
Iron-deficient chlorosis: mugineic acid fertilizer (NH4)
2sO
4, the mors such as the peat composed of rotten mosses can be mixed in conjunction with soil improvement simultaneously; Simultaneously also can blade spraying chelated iron, within 30 days, intra vane turns green, and Second Year is still effective; To iron deficiency plant can summer or after spending blade face spurt and execute chelated iron 6.7 kg/ha; As still continued iron deficiency, chelated iron 28 kg/ha can be executed by soil;
Magnesium deficiency: rescue with MgO, amount of application is 22.4 kg/ha;
Boron deficiency: by blade face spray boron rescue, can evening the summer or next year initial bloom stage at foliage application 11.7 kg/ha boric acid; As lasting boron deficiency, can in native top application boric acid 5.6 kg/ha.
The correcting method lacking other elements can with reference to the related content of table 2 in embodiment.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The technical requirement that proposition of the present invention and the specification sampling of blueberry blade, pre-treatment, foliar analysis, nutrient diagnosis, efficient fertilising and nutritional deficiency are rescued, is applicable to the production of high clump blueberry and Vaccinium ashei.
Embodiment
A kind of blueberry Foliar nutrient diagnosis and Efficient fertilization method, specifically comprise the following steps:
1 foliar analysis
1.1 sampling
Proper Sampling Period: in after gathering 1 ~ 2 week before fruit harvesting;
Roguing: in flakes orchard, each Fruit variety at least 10 strain, adopt S type or diagonal method roguing, selected plant can represent whole orchard situation, the selected tree age of tree, residing soil fertility, important and influential persons consistent; If physical features P balance is comparatively large in a slice orchard, roguing sampling be distinguished;
Sampling: select the blade from 4th ~ 6 growth and maturity in top on fruitful branch, every strain tree all gets 5 leaves by orientation, and totally 100 leaves form a sample; Should avoid choosing disease worm leaf or damage leaf;
1.2 sample preparation
By the blade gathered, first clean in 0.1% neutral detergent, then rinse with clear water, then with after deionized water rinsing at least twice, by 70 DEG C ~ 80 DEG C oven for drying, grind with glass mortar, cross 0.25 ~ 0.5mm sieve;
1.3 analyze
Sample adopts following analytical approach to carry out content analysis to sample after drying:
Full dose N P and K in blade, adopts H
2sO
4-H
2o
2clear up, Kjeldahl nitrogen determination nitrogen, spectrophotometry phosphorus, flame spectrophotometric determination potassium;
In blade, contained Fe, Mn, Cu zinc calcium magnesium, adopts micro-wave digestion, and atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) measures;
Institute's boracic in blade, adopts dry ash method to decompose, Using Curcumin Colorimetric;
Institute's sulfur-bearing in blade, adopts HNO
3-HClO
4clear up, BaSO
4turbidimetry for Determination;
Contained molybdenum in blade, can, after dry ashing, adopt Polarographic Catalytic Wave to measure.
2 diagnosis
According to the result of foliar analysis standard value, foliar analysis, soil analysis result and orchard management situation, orchard trunk infusion profit and loss are judged, formulate fertilizer applications.
High clump blueberry and Vaccinium ashei foliar analysis standard value, reference table 1.
Table 1: high clump blueberry and Vaccinium ashei foliar analysis standard value
| Element | Lack < | Optimum range | Excessive > |
| High clump blueberry (Vaccinium ashei) | |||
| Nitrogen (%) | 1.70 | 1.80(1.2)～2.10(NA) | 2.50 |
| Phosphorus (%) | 0.10 | 0.12(0.08)～0.40(0.17) | 0.80 |
| Potassium (%) | 0.30 | 0.35(0.28)～0.65(0.60) | 0.95 |
| Calcium (%) | 0.13 | 0.40(0.24)～0.80(0.70) | 1.00 |
| Magnesium (%) | 0.08 | 0.12(0.14)～0.25(0.20) | 0.45 |
| Sulphur (%) | 0.10 | 0.12(NA)～0.20(1.70) | NA |
| Manganese (mg/kg) | 23 | 50(25)～350(100) | 450 |
| Iron (mg/kg) | 60 | 60(25)～200(700) | 400 |
| Zinc (mg/kg) | 8 | 8(10)～30(25) | 80 |
| Copper (mg/kg) | 5 | 5(2)～20(10) | 100 |
| Boron (mg/kg) | 20 | 30(12)～70(35) | 200 |
| Molybdenum (mg/kg) | 5 | 5(2)～20(20) | NA |
3 fertilisings
3.1 principle
Take balance fertilizing as principle, fertilizer used and using priciple should meet the requirement of NY/T 496 " fertilizer reasonable application general rule "; Do not use chloride, calcic and nitrate nitrogen fertilizer, preferentially select fertilizer and composite fertilizer, when nutritional deficiency is corrected, single-element fertilizer can be selected;
3.2 rates of fertilizer application and fertilization time
After field planting the first three years can Shaoshi fertile, the best fruiting period, nitrogen total amount 5kg was executed for standard every year with every mu in orchard, joins execute phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer by 1: 1: 1; For nutritional deficiency orchard adjustable phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer ratio; Fertilization time is mainly before and after rudiment in early spring or after fruit harvesting;
3.3 fertilizing method
To spread fertilizer over the fields; High clump blueberry and Vaccinium ashei can adopt ditch to excute a law, and degree of depth 10cm ~ 15cm is advisable; Spread fertilizer over the fields in periphery, tree crown orthogonal projection edge or open strip groove when fertilizer, composite fertilizer and blueberry special fertilizer make base manure and apply, also can be mixed into soil layer in conjunction with shallow plowing weeding; Liquid or dissolved fertilizer can in conjunction with fertigation, also can foliage-spray.
3.4 nutritional deficiencys are rescued
Iron-deficient chlorosis: mugineic acid fertilizer (NH4)
2sO
4, the mors such as the peat composed of rotten mosses can be mixed in conjunction with soil improvement simultaneously; Simultaneously also can blade spraying chelated iron, within 30 days, intra vane turns green, and Second Year is still effective; To iron deficiency plant can summer or after spending blade face spurt and execute chelated iron 6.7 kg/ha; As still continued iron deficiency, chelated iron 28 kg/ha can be executed by soil.
Magnesium deficiency: rescue with MgO, amount of application is 22.4 kg/ha.
Boron deficiency: rescued by blade face spray boron; Can evening the summer or next year initial bloom stage at foliage application 11.7 kg/ha boric acid; As lasting boron deficiency, can in native top application boric acid 5.6 kg/ha.
Blueberry mineral matter nutrient dificiency disease and rescuing see table 2.
Table 2: blueberry mineral matter nutrient dificiency disease and rescuing
Above-described embodiment of the present invention, does not form limiting the scope of the present invention.Any amendment done within the spirit and principles in the present invention, equivalent replacement and improvement etc., all should be included within claims of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. blueberry Foliar nutrient diagnosis and fertilizing method, comprises the following steps:
(1) foliar analysis
Proper Sampling Period: in after gathering 1 ~ 2 week before fruit harvesting;
Roguing: in flakes orchard, each Fruit variety at least 10 strain, adopt S type or diagonal method roguing, selected plant can represent whole orchard situation, the selected tree age of tree, residing soil fertility, important and influential persons consistent; If physical features P balance is comparatively large in a slice orchard, subregion roguing sampling;
Sampling: from the blade of 4th ~ 6 growth and maturity in top on fruitful branch, every strain tree all gets 5 leaves by orientation, and totally 100 leaves form a sample; Should avoid choosing disease worm leaf or damage leaf;
Sample preparation: by the blade gathered, first cleans in 0.1% neutral detergent, then rinses with clear water, then with after deionized water rinsing at least twice, by 70 DEG C ~ 80 DEG C oven for drying, grinds with glass mortar, crosses 0.25 ~ 0.5mm sieve; Scene can not process in time can be cleaned after Cord blood again;
Sample analysis:
Full dose N P and K in blade, adopts H
2sO
4-H
2o
2clear up, Kjeldahl nitrogen determination nitrogen, spectrophotometry phosphorus, flame spectrophotometric determination potassium;
Full dose Fe, Mn, Cu zinc calcium magnesium in blade, adopts micro-wave digestion, and atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) measures;
Full dose boron in blade, adopts dry ash method to decompose, Using Curcumin Colorimetric;
Full dose sulphur in blade, adopts HNO
3-HCIO
4clear up, BaSO
4turbidimetry for Determination;
Full dose molybdenum in blade, can, after dry ashing, adopt Polarographic Catalytic Wave to measure;
(2) diagnose
According to the result of foliar analysis standard value, foliar analysis, with reference to soil analysis result and orchard management situation, orchard trunk infusion profit and loss are judged, formulate fertilizer applications;
(3) apply fertilizer
Principle: take balance fertilizing as principle, fertilizer used and using priciple should meet the requirement of NY/T 496 " fertilizer reasonable application general rule "; Do not use chloride, calcic and nitrate nitrogen fertilizer, preferentially select fertilizer and composite fertilizer, when nutritional deficiency is corrected, single-element fertilizer can be selected;
Rate of fertilizer application and fertilization time: after field planting the first three years can Shaoshi fertile, the best fruiting period, nitrogen total amount 15kg was executed for standard every year with every mu in orchard, joins execute phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer by 1: 1: 1; For nutritional deficiency orchard adjustable phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer ratio; Fertilization time is mainly before and after rudiment in early spring or after fruit harvesting;
Fertilizing method: to spread fertilizer over the fields; High clump blueberry and Vaccinium ashei can adopt ditch to excute a law, and degree of depth 10cm ~ 15cm is advisable; Spread fertilizer over the fields in periphery, tree crown orthogonal projection edge or open strip groove when fertilizer, composite fertilizer and blueberry special fertilizer make base manure and apply, also can be mixed into soil layer in conjunction with shallow plowing weeding; Liquid or dissolved fertilizer can in conjunction with fertigation, also can foliage-spray;
Nutritional deficiency is rescued
Iron-deficient chlorosis: mugineic acid fertilizer (NH4)
2sO
4, the mors such as the peat composed of rotten mosses can be mixed in conjunction with soil improvement simultaneously; Simultaneously also can blade spraying chelated iron, within 30 days, intra vane turns green, and Second Year is still effective; To iron deficiency plant can summer or after spending blade face spurt and execute chelated iron 6.7 kg/ha; As still continued iron deficiency, chelated iron 28 kg/ha can be executed by soil;
Magnesium deficiency: rescue with MgO, amount of application is 22.4 kg/ha;
Boron deficiency: by blade face spray boron rescue, can evening the summer or next year initial bloom stage at foliage application 11.7 kg/ha boric acid; As lasting boron deficiency, can in native top application boric acid 5.6 kg/ha.
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Cited By (10)
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| CN105746064A (en) * | 2016-03-04 | 2016-07-13 | 西北农林科技大学 | Apple leaf nutrient diagnosis based fertilizing method |
| CN106568721A (en) * | 2016-10-18 | 2017-04-19 | 东北农业大学 | Leaf nutrition diagnosis method of raspberry |
| CN106831057A (en) * | 2017-03-02 | 2017-06-13 | 北京市农林科学院 | Strawberry fertilizer based on foliar element analysis determines method, fertilizer and implantation methods for strawberry cultivating |
| CN107942008A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-04-20 | 玉溪市农业科学院 | Blueberry brilliance kind yellowing leaf disease diagnoses and correcting method |
| CN109168520A (en) * | 2018-10-25 | 2019-01-11 | 江西省科学院生物资源研究所 | A kind of research method of south jiangxi navel orange nutrient fertilization |
| CN109220415A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2019-01-18 | 浙江省亚热带作物研究所 | A kind of morning fragrant shaddock magnesium deficiency restorative procedure |
| CN110521516A (en) * | 2019-08-20 | 2019-12-03 | 世多乐(青岛)农业科技有限公司 | A kind of high-quality and efficient implantation methods of baby cabbage |
| CN112119726A (en) * | 2020-09-23 | 2020-12-25 | 四川省农业科学院茶叶研究所 | Method for applying potash fertilizer to tea garden based on tree detection diagnosis and application of potash fertilizer |
| CN113282642A (en) * | 2021-06-02 | 2021-08-20 | 宁夏农产品质量标准与检测技术研究所(宁夏农产品质量监测中心) | System and method for diagnosing and adjusting crop plant nutrition balance based on Excel software |
| CN117495066A (en) * | 2024-01-03 | 2024-02-02 | 昆明大蚯蚓科技有限公司 | Fruit tree fertilization amount calculating method and system |
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| CN105746064A (en) * | 2016-03-04 | 2016-07-13 | 西北农林科技大学 | Apple leaf nutrient diagnosis based fertilizing method |
| CN105746064B (en) * | 2016-03-04 | 2019-01-01 | 西北农林科技大学 | A kind of fertilizing method based on Apple Leaf Blade Nutrition Diagnosis |
| CN106568721A (en) * | 2016-10-18 | 2017-04-19 | 东北农业大学 | Leaf nutrition diagnosis method of raspberry |
| CN106831057A (en) * | 2017-03-02 | 2017-06-13 | 北京市农林科学院 | Strawberry fertilizer based on foliar element analysis determines method, fertilizer and implantation methods for strawberry cultivating |
| CN107942008A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-04-20 | 玉溪市农业科学院 | Blueberry brilliance kind yellowing leaf disease diagnoses and correcting method |
| CN107942008B (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2020-05-12 | 玉溪市农业科学院 | Diagnosis and correction method for yellowing of leaves of blueberry brilliant variety |
| CN109220415A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2019-01-18 | 浙江省亚热带作物研究所 | A kind of morning fragrant shaddock magnesium deficiency restorative procedure |
| CN109220415B (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2021-04-09 | 浙江省亚热带作物研究所 | Magnesium deficiency repair method for early fragrant pomelos |
| CN109168520A (en) * | 2018-10-25 | 2019-01-11 | 江西省科学院生物资源研究所 | A kind of research method of south jiangxi navel orange nutrient fertilization |
| CN109168520B (en) * | 2018-10-25 | 2020-10-30 | 江西省科学院生物资源研究所 | Research method for nutrient fertilization of Gannan navel orange |
| CN110521516A (en) * | 2019-08-20 | 2019-12-03 | 世多乐(青岛)农业科技有限公司 | A kind of high-quality and efficient implantation methods of baby cabbage |
| CN112119726A (en) * | 2020-09-23 | 2020-12-25 | 四川省农业科学院茶叶研究所 | Method for applying potash fertilizer to tea garden based on tree detection diagnosis and application of potash fertilizer |
| CN112119726B (en) * | 2020-09-23 | 2022-05-17 | 四川省农业科学院茶叶研究所 | Method for applying potash fertilizer to tea garden based on tree detection diagnosis and application of potash fertilizer |
| CN113282642A (en) * | 2021-06-02 | 2021-08-20 | 宁夏农产品质量标准与检测技术研究所(宁夏农产品质量监测中心) | System and method for diagnosing and adjusting crop plant nutrition balance based on Excel software |
| CN117495066A (en) * | 2024-01-03 | 2024-02-02 | 昆明大蚯蚓科技有限公司 | Fruit tree fertilization amount calculating method and system |
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