CN107942008B - Diagnosis and correction method for yellowing of leaves of blueberry brilliant variety - Google Patents
Diagnosis and correction method for yellowing of leaves of blueberry brilliant variety Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for diagnosing and correcting plant leaf yellowing, in particular to a method for diagnosing and correcting blueberry brilliant variety leaf yellowing. The diagnosis and correction method for the yellowing of leaves of the blueberry brilliant variety comprises the following steps: A. observing external symptoms of plant leaves; B. measuring the SPAD value of plant leaves: C. measuring the pH value of plant rhizosphere soil: D. measuring the nutrients and the ratio inside the plant leaves; E. diagnosing; F. provided is a method for correcting leaf yellowing. The method can accurately diagnose whether the plants of the blueberry brilliant variety have the leaf yellowing disease and the disease degree by adopting four steps of observing external symptoms of plant leaves, measuring the SPAD value of the plant leaves, measuring the pH value of rhizosphere soil of the plants, and measuring the internal nutrients and the ratio of the plant leaves, adjusts the pH value of the rhizosphere soil of the plants of the blueberry brilliant variety with the leaf yellowing disease, and has good prevention and treatment effects on the plants of the blueberry brilliant variety from mild yellowing disease to severe yellowing disease.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for diagnosing and correcting plant leaf yellowing, in particular to a method for diagnosing and correcting blueberry brilliant variety leaf yellowing.
Background
Blueberry (Blueberry), means blue berry. One is low shrub, dwarf wild, small in particle, but high in anthocyanin content; the second is artificially cultured blueberry which can grow to 240cm high, has larger fruits, more water and relatively lower anthocyanin content. The blueberry fruit contains rich nutrient components, has good nutrition and health care effects, and also has the functions of preventing cranial nerve aging, strengthening heart, resisting cancer, softening blood vessels, enhancing human body immunity and the like.
Brilliant is an early-maturing variety, a plant is strong and upright, a crown is small, a tree easily grows and branches grow, the flowering is late, the frost resistance is higher than that of other varieties of the rabbit-eye blueberries, the yield is high, the arrangement of berries on clusters is loose, the blueberry is extremely suitable for mechanical harvesting and selling as fresh fruits, the fruits are large in size, hard and light blue, the pedicles are dry, the flavor is good, and the berries do not crack after rain, so that the blueberry-blueberry hybrid is an optimal variety in the fresh fruit market.
The physiological requirement of the blueberries on certain nutrition is basically constant, and due to the change of environmental conditions, management and nutrition supply levels, the lack and excess of nutrition of fruit trees are easy to occur, so that the blueberries grow abnormally, and the leaves of plants show physiological diseases such as yellowing, and the like, thereby affecting the yield and quality of fruits.
Chinese patent publication No.: CN104865349A discloses a blueberry leaf nutrition diagnosis and fertilization method. The method comprises 6 steps of blueberry leaf sampling, pretreatment, leaf analysis, nutrition diagnosis, efficient fertilization and missing rope correction. The invention provides and standardizes the technical requirements of blueberry leaf sampling, pretreatment, leaf analysis, nutrition diagnosis, efficient fertilization and nutrient deficiency correction, and is suitable for the production of high cluster blueberries and rabbit eye blueberries.
However, the method only analyzes the nutrient elements of the blueberry leaves, and does not analyze and correspondingly correct other reasons influencing the blueberry leaf yellowing. The blueberry has extremely strict requirements on the rhizosphere soil environment condition, and the growth rhizosphere environment of the blueberry is obviously changed along with the increase of the planting years.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a diagnosis and correction method for leaf yellowing of a brilliant blueberry variety, which can accurately diagnose whether a brilliant blueberry variety plant has the leaf yellowing and the diseased degree by adopting four steps of observing external symptoms of plant leaves, determining the SPAD value of the plant leaves, determining the pH value of rhizosphere soil of the plant, and determining the internal nutrients and the specific value of the plant leaves, thereby providing an effective basis for subsequent correction.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the diagnosis and correction method for the yellowing of leaves of the blueberry brilliant variety comprises the following steps:
A. observing external symptoms of plant leaves;
B. measuring the SPAD value of plant leaves:
measuring the upper leaves and the lower leaves of the plants by using a SPAD-502 chlorophyll apparatus to obtain a green SPAD value;
C. measuring the pH value of plant rhizosphere soil:
adopting a water-soil ratio of 2.5: 1, detecting the pH value of plant rhizosphere soil by a potential method;
D. determining the internal nutrients and the ratio of the plant leaves:
measuring the internal nutrients of the upper leaves of the plants by adopting a leaf nutrient element detection method, and calculating a Ca/Fe value and a Ca/Mn value;
E. and (3) diagnosis:
a. preliminary diagnosis was performed on external symptoms of the leaf:
1. normal strain
The whole plant grows strongly, leaves of the plant are dark green or bright green, newly-extracted branches and leaves and tender leaves grow normally, and fruits are hung normally;
2. slightly yellow plants
The branches at the middle lower part of the plant grow normally, 10-20% of newly-extracted branches and leaves at the top of young tips lose green between leaf veins, the leaf veins are kept green, and normal fruit bearing can be realized;
3. moderately yellow strain
Leaves at the middle upper part of the plant are dark green between leaf veins, leaves at the tops of newly-extracted branches and young tips are yellow, and fruits are few and small;
4. severe etiolate strain
Yellowing occurs on more than 50% of leaves at the middle upper part of the plant, leaf veins are dark green, obvious yellowing and whitening occur on the leaves at the tops of newly-extracted branches and young tips, leaf margins are scorched, the tip tips are seriously withered, the tree vigor is weak, and no high-quality fruits exist basically;
b. further diagnosis by SPAD value of leaf:
for the upper leaves, the normal strain is obtained when the SPAD value is more than or equal to 55, the mild yellowing strain is obtained when the SPAD value is 38-44, the moderate yellowing strain is obtained when the SPAD value is 24-37, and the severe yellowing strain is obtained when the SPAD value is less than or equal to 23;
c. further diagnosis according to the pH value of rhizosphere soil:
when the pH value is more than 5.2, the blanched blueberry varieties have leaf yellowing;
d. further diagnosis according to the internal nutrients and the ratio of the leaves:
when the iron content of the upper leaves is less than 34mg/kg, the manganese content is less than 107mg/kg or the Ca/Fe value is more than 124 and the Ca/Mn value is more than 64, the leaf yellowing of the plants of the blueberry brilliant variety occurs;
F. the method for correcting the leaf yellowing comprises the following steps:
a. adjusting the pH value of rhizosphere soil: when the pH value of the soil is more than 5.2, the pH value needs to be adjusted, and 1-2kg of acidic microbial organic fertilizer and 5-10kg of common organic fertilizer are applied to each plant; the acidic microbial organic fertilizer comprises the following components: n + P2O5+K2O is more than or equal to 5.0 percent, organic matter is more than or equal to 45 percent, pH is as follows: 2.5-4.0;
b. reasonably distributing and applying special fertilizer: applying 7-12 g of blueberry special fertilizer and 8-10 g of full water-soluble organic fertilizer to each plant every time, and applying the fertilizer once every 20-30 days; the blueberry special fertilizer N: p2O5：K2O is 18: 18: 18; the full water-soluble organic fertilizer N + P2O5+K2O is more than or equal to 10.0 percent, the total water-soluble organic matter is more than or equal to 60 percent, and the total water-soluble humic acid is more than or equal to 30 percent;
c. timely supplying and applying chelated iron: applying rhizosphere soil and leaf surfaces by adopting 400 times of solution of chelated iron, wherein the content of Fe in the chelated iron is 8%, the soil is applied for 2-4 times, and the dosage of each plant is 2-3L; spraying 3-5 times on leaf surface before initial flowering, wherein the dosage per mu is 60L.
The application method of the acid microbial organic fertilizer comprises the steps of applying the acid microbial organic fertilizer to a pond before transplanting, fully and uniformly mixing, then planting or ditching and annularly applying around plants and covering soil.
From 8 months to 9 months in 2017 in 2016, the blueberry primary producing area in Yuxi city and part of the blueberry producing area in Chuxiong, Kunming and Qujing (City) were investigated on site.
1. Investigation method
1.1 blueberry leaf yellowing and severity grading method thereof
Grading blueberry yellowing symptoms:
normal plants: the whole plant grows strongly, leaves of the plant are dark green or bright green, and newly-extracted branches and leaves and tender leaves grow normally and fruit is hung normally.
Slightly yellow plants: the branches at the middle and lower parts of the plant grow normally, 10-20% of newly-extracted branches and leaves at the tops of young tips lose green between leaf veins, the leaf veins are kept green, and normal fruit bearing can be realized.
Moderately yellow strain: leaves at the middle upper part of the plant 20-50% lose green, leaves at the tops of newly-extracted branches and young tips are yellow, and fruits are few and small.
Severe yellowing of the plant: more than 50% of leaves at the middle upper part of the plant are yellowed, leaf veins are dark green, obvious yellow and white leaves at the tops of newly-extracted branches and young tips are yellowed at leaf margins, severe tip withering and death are caused, the tree vigor is weak, and high-quality fruits are basically absent.
1.2 soil sample and leaf sample collection and processing method
After the yellowing disease level is determined, normal plants, mild yellowing plants, moderate yellowing plants and severe yellowing plants are collected in a matched manner in an investigation region, and the green degree of each level of leaves is measured by a SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter before collection. The leaf position is collected by upper leaves and lower leaves, and rhizosphere soil is collected at the same time. And after the soil sample is collected, preprocessing such as air drying and the like is carried out, and after the leaf sample is collected, drying and crushing are carried out to obtain a detection sample.
1.3 soil sample and leaf sample detection method
The method for detecting the soil pH value and the soil and leaf related nutrient elements is issued by the ministry or the national standard.
2 results of the study
2.1 causes of occurrence
2.1.1 rhizosphere soil pH planting and related nutrient analysis
The pH value of rhizosphere soil is high, the content of effective iron is reduced, and yellowing of blueberry leaves is caused. The pH value of rhizosphere soil of normal strains of the blueberry and brilliant varieties is 4.96, and the content of effective iron is 120.4 mg/kg; while the pH value of the mild yellowing plant is increased to 5.05, and the effective iron content is reduced to 113.8 mg/kg; the pH value of the strain which is heavily yellowed is increased to 6.01, and the content of effective iron is reduced to 69.3 mg/kg. The contents of Ca and Mg are increased along with the increase of leaf yellowing, and the effective manganese content is reduced.
Comparison of rhizosphere soil nutrient content of normal blueberry brilliant strain and yellowed blueberry strain
2.1.2 analysis of leaf-related nutrient content
The content of iron and manganese generated by yellowing of blueberry leaves is obviously reduced, the content of Ca and Mg is obviously increased, and the ratio of Ca/Fe to Ca/Mn is not coordinated. The iron and manganese contents of the upper leaves of normal strains of the blueberry brilliant varieties are 33.5mg/kg and 107.4mg/kg respectively, and the iron and manganese contents of the mild yellowing strains are 20.0 mg/kg and 78.1 mg/kg respectively; the weight of the heavily yellow strain was 25.5mg/kg and 54.4mg/kg, respectively. The contents of Ca and Mg are increased along with the increase of leaf yellowing, and are consistent with the change rule of Ca and Mg contents of rhizosphere soil exchange.
Comparing the nutrient contents of the upper leaves of normal strain and yellow strain of blueberry brilliant strain and related ratio
The Ca/Fe and Ca/Mn ratios were lower for normal plants and increased with increasing yellowing. The nutrient change rule of the lower leaves is consistent with the performance of the upper leaves.
Comparing the nutrient contents of the lower leaves of normal strain and yellow strain of blueberry brilliant strain and related ratio
2.1.3 summary of the causes of occurrence
The analysis proves that the reason for the occurrence of the leaf yellowing of the brilliant blueberry variety is mainly that the pH value of rhizosphere soil is higher (more than 5.2) through rhizosphere soil analysis, so that the content of effective iron and manganese in the soil is reduced, and the content of exchanged calcium and magnesium is too high; from the analysis of the nutrient content of the leaves, the method is mainly caused by the reduction of the contents of iron and manganese, the increase of the contents of calcium and magnesium and the overhigh ratio of Ca/Fe and Ca/Mn. The occurrence of the blueberry brilliant variety leaf yellowing is also described to be related to not only iron element but also manganese element, and the occurrence severity of the leaf yellowing is also described to be inversely related to the iron and manganese contents of rhizosphere soil and leaves, and to be positively related to the contents of Ca and Mg and the ratios of Ca/Fe and Ca/Mn, and excessive calcium can inhibit the absorption of iron and manganese.
2.1.4 correlation of leaf yellowing with Green degrees (SPAD values)
When the visual angle division is carried out on the occurrence degree of the leaf yellowing, the SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter is used for carrying out quantitative determination on the green degree (SPAD value), and the result shows that the occurrence degree of the leaf yellowing of the brilliant blueberry variety is positively correlated with the green degree (SPAD value). The SPAD value of the upper leaves of the slightly yellowed strain was 37.4, that of the moderately yellowed strain was 29.0, and that of the heavily yellowed strain was 8.6, which were respectively reduced by 35.2%, 49.7%, and 85.1% from 57.7 of the normal strain.
Correlation between representation degree of brilliant blue variety yellowing of blueberry and green degree (SPAD value)
The quantitative determination of the yellowing and chlorosis degree of the blueberry leaves in the field by using the SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter is feasible, the severity of the yellowing of the blueberry leaves can be intuitively determined, and corresponding prevention and treatment measures can be scientifically guided.
Advantageous effects
1. The invention has better prevention and treatment effects on mild yellowing to severe yellowing of blueberry brilliant plants. The main manifestations are that the leaf yellowing is obviously reduced and tends to be normal, the fruit is full, and the grain weight is increased; the content of iron and manganese in the leaves is increased, and the ratio of Ca/Fe and Ca/Mn is reduced to a more proper range.
2. The method can accurately diagnose whether the blueberry brilliant variety plants have the leaf yellowing disease and the diseased degree by adopting four steps of observing external symptoms of the plant leaves, measuring the SPAD value of the plant leaves, measuring the pH value of the rhizosphere soil of the plants and measuring the internal nutrients and the specific value of the plant leaves, and provides an effective basis for the subsequent correction.
3. The invention adopts the acidic microbial organic fertilizer, and can adjust the pH value of rhizosphere soil of plants suffering from leaf yellowing of the blueberry brilliant varieties.
4. The invention adopts reasonable application of the special fertilizer for the blueberries and the full water-soluble organic fertilizer, and can ensure the nutritional requirements of plants of the brilliant varieties of the blueberries.
5. The invention adopts timely supplying chelated iron, can increase the content of effective iron in soil and iron in leaves, and ensures the nutritional requirement of plants of the brilliant blueberry variety.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION
Example 1
In 2016 to 2017 and 9, 2 fields with mild yellowing are selected for a field-by-field comparison test in the main blueberry production area in Yuxi city, the area of the test field is about 1 mu, and the test period is from the flowering period to the full bearing period. After the test field is selected, half is the conventional fertilization method (contrast) of the grower, and the other half is the correction control method (correction). Collecting related nutrient elements and chlorophyll SPAD values of upper leaves and lower leaves before implementation; and evaluating the change condition of the leaf yellowing after the test is finished, detecting related nutrient elements and chlorophyll SPAD values of upper leaves and lower leaves by processing and contrasting, and measuring the weight of fruit grains.
The diagnosis and correction method for the yellowing of leaves of the blueberry brilliant variety comprises the following steps:
A. observing external symptoms of plant leaves;
B. measuring the SPAD value of plant leaves:
measuring the upper leaves and the lower leaves of the plants by using a SPAD-502 chlorophyll apparatus to obtain a green SPAD value;
C. measuring the pH value of plant rhizosphere soil:
adopting a water-soil ratio of 2.5: 1, detecting the pH value of plant rhizosphere soil by a potential method;
D. determining the internal nutrients and the ratio of the plant leaves:
measuring the internal nutrients of the upper leaves of the plants by adopting a leaf nutrient element detection method, and calculating a Ca/Fe value and a Ca/Mn value;
E. and (3) diagnosis:
a. preliminary diagnosis was performed on external symptoms of the leaf:
branches at the middle lower part of the plant grow normally, 10-20% of newly-extracted branches and leaves and leaf veins at the tops of young tips lose green, the leaf veins are kept green, fruits can be hung normally, and the blueberry brilliant plant is a slightly yellow plant;
b. further diagnosis by SPAD value of leaf:
the SPAD value of the upper leaves of the blueberry brilliant plant is =37.4, and the blueberry brilliant plant is a slightly yellow plant;
c. further diagnosis according to the pH value of rhizosphere soil:
rhizosphere soil pH = 5.05;
d. further diagnosis according to the internal nutrients and the ratio of the leaves:
the leaf yellowing of the plants of the blueberry brilliant variety with the upper leaf iron content =25.5mg/kg, the manganese content =0.20mg/kg or the Ca/Fe value =194 and the Ca/Mn value = 106;
F. the method for correcting the leaf yellowing comprises the following steps:
a. adjusting the pH value of rhizosphere soil: the pH value of rhizosphere soil is =5.05, the pH value is not more than 5.2, and the pH value is not required to be adjusted;
b. reasonably distributing and applying special fertilizer: 7 g of special blueberry fertilizer and 8 g of full water-soluble organic fertilizer are applied to each plant every time, and the additional application is performed once every 30 days; the blueberry special fertilizer N: p2O5：K2O is 18: 18: 18; the full water-soluble organic fertilizer N + P2O5+K2O is more than or equal to 10.0 percent, the total water-soluble organic matter is more than or equal to 60 percent, and the total water-soluble humic acid is more than or equal to 30 percent;
c. timely supplying and applying chelated iron: applying rhizosphere soil and leaf surfaces by adopting 400 times of solution of chelated iron, wherein the content of Fe in the chelated iron is 8%, the soil is applied for 2 times, and the dosage of each plant is 2L; the foliage spray is carried out 3 times before the initial bloom, and the dosage per mu is 60L.
The application method of the acid microbial organic fertilizer is that the acid microbial organic fertilizer is applied to a pond before transplantation, fully and uniformly mixed and then field planted.
The results of 2 groups of experiments in the same field show that after mild yellowing of leaves of a blueberry brilliant variety, the yellowing of the leaves is basically controlled by adopting a correction method, the plants are normal in performance, the contents of iron and manganese in the leaves are improved, the ratio of Ca/Fe to Ca/Mn is reduced to a more appropriate range, the SPAD value of the upper leaves is increased to 57, and the weight of the blueberry fruits per hundred grains is increased to 139 g; while the control leaf yellowing is not controlled, moderate yellowing still continues to occur, the SPAD value of the upper leaf is reduced to 30, the corresponding iron and manganese contents of the leaf are reduced, the Ca/Fe and Ca/Mn ratios are improved, and the weight of the blueberry fruit in hundred grains is 120 g.
Comparison of prevention and treatment effects on mild yellowing of leaves of Brilliant blueberry varieties (2 groups average)
Example 2
8-2017 and 9-2016, 2 medium yellowing fields are selected from partial blueberry production areas in Kunming city for field-by-field comparison test, the area of the test field is about 1 mu, and the test period is from the flowering period to the full bearing period. After the test field is selected, half is the conventional fertilization method (contrast) of the grower, and the other half is the correction control method (correction). Collecting related nutrient elements and chlorophyll SPAD values of upper leaves and lower leaves before implementation; and evaluating the change condition of the leaf yellowing after the test is finished, detecting related nutrient elements and chlorophyll SPAD values of upper leaves and lower leaves by processing and contrasting, and measuring the weight of fruit grains.
The diagnosis and correction method for the yellowing of leaves of the blueberry brilliant variety comprises the following steps:
A. observing external symptoms of plant leaves;
B. measuring the SPAD value of plant leaves:
measuring the upper leaves and the lower leaves of the plants by using a SPAD-502 chlorophyll apparatus to obtain a green SPAD value;
C. measuring the pH value of plant rhizosphere soil:
adopting a water-soil ratio of 2.5: 1, detecting the pH value of plant rhizosphere soil by a potential method;
D. determining the internal nutrients and the ratio of the plant leaves:
measuring the internal nutrients of the upper leaves of the plants by adopting a leaf nutrient element detection method, and calculating a Ca/Fe value and a Ca/Mn value;
E. and (3) diagnosis:
a. preliminary diagnosis was performed on external symptoms of the leaf:
leaves at the middle upper part of the plant are dark green between 20-50%, leaves at the tops of newly-extracted branches and young tips are yellow, fruits are few and small, and the blueberry brilliant plant is a moderately yellow plant;
b. further diagnosis by SPAD value of leaf:
the SPAD value of the upper leaves of the blueberry brilliant plant is =29.0, and the blueberry brilliant plant is a moderate yellow plant;
c. further diagnosis according to the pH value of rhizosphere soil:
the pH value =5.80, the leaf yellowing of the brilliant plant of the blueberry;
d. further diagnosis according to the internal nutrients and the ratio of the leaves:
when the iron content of the upper leaves =21.0mg/kg, the manganese content =0.22mg/kg or the Ca/Fe value =287 and the Ca/Mn value =120, the leaves of the blueberry brilliant variety plants are yellowed;
F. the method for correcting the leaf yellowing comprises the following steps:
a. adjusting the pH value of rhizosphere soil: the pH value of the soil is =5.80, the pH value is more than 5.2, the pH value is required to be adjusted, and 1kg of acidic microbial organic fertilizer and 5kg of common organic fertilizer are applied to each plant; the acidic microbial organic fertilizer comprises the following components: n + P2O5+K2O is more than or equal to 5.0 percent, organic matter is more than or equal to 45 percent, pH is as follows: 2.5-4.0;
b. reasonably distributing and applying special fertilizer: applying 9 g of blueberry special fertilizer and 9 g of full water-soluble organic fertilizer to each plant every time, and topdressing once every 25 days; the blueberry special fertilizer N: p2O5：K2O is 18: 18: 18; the full water-soluble organic fertilizer N + P2O5+K2O is more than or equal to 10.0 percent, the total water-soluble organic matter is more than or equal to 60 percent, and the total water-soluble humic acid is more than or equal to 30 percent;
c. timely supplying and applying chelated iron: applying rhizosphere soil and leaf surfaces by adopting 400 times of solution of chelated iron, wherein the content of Fe in the chelated iron is 8%, the soil is applied for 3 times, and the dosage of each plant is 2.5L; the foliage is sprayed for 4 times before the initial bloom, and the dosage per mu is 60L.
The application method of the acidic microbial organic fertilizer comprises the steps of ditching and annular applying around plants and covering soil.
2, results of field-by-field comparison tests of group 2 tests show that after moderate yellowing occurs in leaves of a blueberry brilliant variety, the yellowing of the leaves is basically controlled by adopting a correction method, plants are normal in performance, the SPAD value of the upper leaves is increased to 56, the iron and manganese contents of the leaves are increased, the Ca/Fe and Ca/Mn ratios are reduced to a proper range, and the weight of the blueberry fruits per hundred grains is increased to 142 g; while the control leaf yellowing is not controlled and still continues to cause severe yellowing, the SPAD value of the upper leaf is reduced to 11, the corresponding iron and manganese contents of the leaf are reduced, the Ca/Fe and Ca/Mn ratios are improved, and the weight of the blueberry fruit in hundred grains is 90 g.
Comparison of prevention and treatment effects on moderate yellowing of leaves of Brilliant blueberry varieties (2 groups average)
Example 3
In 2016 to 2017 and 9, selecting 2 severe yellowing fields in a part of blueberry producing areas in Qujing City for field-by-field comparison test, wherein the area of a test field is about 1 mu, and the test period is from the flowering period to the full bearing period. After the test field is selected, half is the conventional fertilization method (contrast) of the grower, and the other half is the correction control method (correction). Collecting related nutrient elements and chlorophyll SPAD values of upper leaves and lower leaves before implementation; and evaluating the change condition of the leaf yellowing after the test is finished, detecting related nutrient elements and chlorophyll SPAD values of upper leaves and lower leaves by processing and contrasting, and measuring the weight of fruit grains.
The diagnosis and correction method for the yellowing of leaves of the blueberry brilliant variety comprises the following steps:
A. observing external symptoms of plant leaves;
B. measuring the SPAD value of plant leaves:
measuring the upper leaves and the lower leaves of the plants by using a SPAD-502 chlorophyll apparatus to obtain a green SPAD value;
C. measuring the pH value of plant rhizosphere soil:
adopting a water-soil ratio of 2.5: 1, detecting the pH value of plant rhizosphere soil by a potential method;
D. determining the internal nutrients and the ratio of the plant leaves:
measuring the internal nutrients of the upper leaves of the plants by adopting a leaf nutrient element detection method, and calculating a Ca/Fe value and a Ca/Mn value;
E. and (3) diagnosis:
a. preliminary diagnosis was performed on external symptoms of the leaf:
more than 50% of leaves on the middle upper part of the plant are yellowed, leaf veins are dark green, obvious yellow and white leaves on the tops of newly-extracted branches and young tips are generated, leaf margins are scorched, severe tip withering is caused, the tree vigor is weak, no high-quality fruit exists basically, and the blueberry brilliant variety plant is a severely yellowed plant;
b. further diagnosis by SPAD value of leaf:
the SPAD value of the upper leaves of the blueberry brilliant plant is =8.6, and the blueberry brilliant plant is a severely yellowed plant;
c. further diagnosis according to the pH value of rhizosphere soil:
the pH value is =6.01, and the leaves of the blueberry brilliant plant are yellowed;
d. further diagnosis according to the internal nutrients and the ratio of the leaves:
when the iron content of the upper leaves =20.2mg/kg, the manganese content =0.23mg/kg or the Ca/Fe value =314 and the Ca/Mn value =132, the blueberry brilliant variety plants generate leaf yellowing;
F. the method for correcting the leaf yellowing comprises the following steps:
a. adjusting the pH value of rhizosphere soil: the pH value of the soil is =6.01, the pH value is required to be adjusted when the pH value is more than 5.2, and 2kg of acidic microbial organic fertilizer and 10kg of common organic fertilizer are applied to each plant; the acidic microbial organic fertilizer comprises the following components: n + P2O5+K2O is more than or equal to 5.0 percent, organic matter is more than or equal to 45 percent, pH is as follows: 2.5-4.0;
b. reasonably distributing and applying special fertilizer: applying 12 g of blueberry special fertilizer and 10 g of full water-soluble organic fertilizer to each plant every time, and topdressing once every 30 days; the blueberry special fertilizer N: p2O5：K2O is 18: 18: 18; the full water-soluble organic fertilizer N + P2O5+K2O is more than or equal to 10.0 percent, the total water-soluble organic matter is more than or equal to 60 percent, and the total water-soluble humic acid is more than or equal to 30 percent;
c. timely supplying and applying chelated iron: applying rhizosphere soil and leaf surfaces by adopting 400 times of solution of chelated iron, wherein the content of Fe in the chelated iron is 8%, the soil is applied for 4 times, and the dosage of each plant is 3L; spraying 5 times on leaf surface before initial flowering, wherein the dosage per mu is 60L.
The application method of the acidic microbial organic fertilizer comprises the steps of ditching and annular applying around plants and covering soil.
2, results of field-by-field comparison tests of group 2 tests show that after severe yellowing of leaves of a blueberry brilliant variety, the degree of yellowing of the leaves is reduced by adopting a correction method, plants show mild to moderate degrees, the SPAD value of the upper leaves is increased to 34, the contents of iron and manganese in the leaves are increased, the ratios of Ca/Fe and Ca/Mn are reduced, and the weight of the blueberry fruits per hundred grains is increased to 132 g; and the control leaf yellowing is not controlled and still continues to occur, the SPAD value of the upper leaves is reduced to 8, the corresponding iron and manganese contents of the leaves are reduced, the ratios of Ca/Fe and Ca/Mn are improved, and the weight of the blueberry fruit in hundred grains is 75 g.
Comparison of prevention and treatment effects on severe yellowing of leaves of Brilliant blueberry variety (2 groups average)
Claims (2)
1. The diagnosis and correction method for the yellowing of leaves of the blueberry brilliant variety is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
A. observing external symptoms of plant leaves;
B. measuring the SPAD value of plant leaves:
measuring the upper leaves and the lower leaves of the plants by using a SPAD-502 chlorophyll apparatus to obtain a green SPAD value;
C. measuring the pH value of plant rhizosphere soil:
adopting a water-soil ratio of 2.5: 1, detecting the pH value of plant rhizosphere soil by a potential method;
D. determining the internal nutrients and the ratio of the plant leaves:
measuring the internal nutrients of the upper leaves of the plants by adopting a leaf nutrient element detection method, and calculating a Ca/Fe value and a Ca/Mn value;
E. and (3) diagnosis:
a. preliminary diagnosis was performed on external symptoms of the leaf:
1. normal strain
The whole plant grows strongly, leaves of the plant are dark green or bright green, newly-extracted branches and leaves and tender leaves grow normally, and fruits are hung normally;
2. slightly yellow plants
The branches at the middle lower part of the plant grow normally, 10-20% of newly-extracted branches and leaves at the top of young tips lose green between leaf veins, the leaf veins are kept green, and normal fruit bearing can be realized;
3. moderately yellow strain
Leaves at the middle upper part of the plant are dark green between leaf veins, leaves at the tops of newly-extracted branches and young tips are yellow, and fruits are few and small;
4. severe etiolate strain
Yellowing occurs on more than 50% of leaves at the middle upper part of the plant, leaf veins are dark green, obvious yellowing and whitening occur on the leaves at the tops of newly-extracted branches and young tips, leaf margins are scorched, the tip tips are seriously withered, the tree vigor is weak, and no high-quality fruits exist basically;
b. further diagnosis by SPAD value of leaf:
for the upper leaves, the normal strain is obtained when the SPAD value is more than or equal to 55, the mild yellowing strain is obtained when the SPAD value is 38-44, the moderate yellowing strain is obtained when the SPAD value is 24-37, and the severe yellowing strain is obtained when the SPAD value is less than or equal to 23;
c. further diagnosis according to the pH value of rhizosphere soil:
when the pH value is more than 5.2, the blanched blueberry varieties have leaf yellowing;
d. further diagnosis according to the internal nutrients and the ratio of the leaves:
when the iron content of the upper leaves is less than 34mg/kg, the manganese content is less than 107mg/kg or the Ca/Fe value is more than 124 and the Ca/Mn value is more than 64, the leaf yellowing of the plants of the blueberry brilliant variety occurs;
F. the method for correcting the leaf yellowing comprises the following steps:
a. adjusting the pH value of rhizosphere soil: when the pH value of the soil is more than 5.2, the pH value needs to be adjusted, and 1-2kg of acidic microbial organic fertilizer and 5-10kg of common organic fertilizer are applied to each plant; the acidic microbial organic fertilizer comprises the following components: n + P2O5+K2O is more than or equal to 5.0 percent, organic matter is more than or equal to 45 percent, pH is as follows: 2.5-4.0;
b. reasonably distributing and applying special fertilizer: applying 7-12 g of blueberry special fertilizer and 8-10 g of full water-soluble organic fertilizer to each plant every time, and applying the fertilizer once every 20-30 days; the blueberry special fertilizer N: p2O5：K2O is 18: 18: 18; the full water-soluble organic fertilizer N + P2O5+K2O is more than or equal to 10.0 percent, the total water-soluble organic matter is more than or equal to 60 percent, and the total water-soluble humic acid is more than or equal to 30 percent;
c. timely supplying and applying chelated iron: applying rhizosphere soil and leaf surfaces by adopting 400 times of solution of chelated iron, wherein the content of Fe in the chelated iron is 8%, the soil is applied for 2-4 times, and the dosage of each plant is 2-3L; spraying 3-5 times on leaf surface before initial flowering, wherein the dosage per mu is 60L.
2. The method for diagnosing and correcting the yellowing of leaves of the blueberry brilliant variety as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for applying the acidic microbial organic fertilizer is to apply the acidic microbial organic fertilizer to a pond before transplanting, sufficiently and uniformly mix the fertilizer and then plant the blueberry brilliant variety or to perform ditching and annular application around plants and soil covering.
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