CN111567351B - Sugarcane seedling yellowing disease grading and preventing method - Google Patents
Sugarcane seedling yellowing disease grading and preventing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111567351B CN111567351B CN202010363736.0A CN202010363736A CN111567351B CN 111567351 B CN111567351 B CN 111567351B CN 202010363736 A CN202010363736 A CN 202010363736A CN 111567351 B CN111567351 B CN 111567351B
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- sugarcane
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- etiolation
- leaves
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/55—Sugar cane
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/22—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom rings with more than six members
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
- A01N47/18—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof containing a —O—CO—N< group, or a thio analogue thereof, directly attached to a heterocyclic or cycloaliphatic ring
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/28—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N<
- A01N47/38—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N< containing the group >N—CO—N< where at least one nitrogen atom is part of a heterocyclic ring; Thio analogues thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N61/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing substances of unknown or undetermined composition, e.g. substances characterised only by the mode of action
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C11/00—Other nitrogenous fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of disease and pest control of sugarcane, and particularly discloses a sugarcane seedling yellowing disease grading method, which comprises the steps of detecting the relative chlorophyll content of yellowing leaves of sugarcane with field yellowing disease by using a portable chlorophyll meter; detecting whether the etiolation virus exists in the leaves, wherein the etiolation virus detected in the etiolation leaves is pathological etiolation disease, and the etiolation virus not detected is physiological etiolation disease; judging sugarcane seedling yellowing diseases of different levels according to the relative content of chlorophyll in yellowing leaves of sugarcane with the yellowing diseases and whether the yellowing viruses exist, wherein the sugarcane seedling yellowing diseases are classified into 1-3 levels of physiological yellowing diseases and 1-3 levels of pathological yellowing diseases. The invention also provides a method for preventing and treating the sugarcane seedling yellowing diseases of different grades. The grading method of the sugarcane seedling yellows can quickly judge the severity of the sugarcane seedling yellows, effectively distinguish physiological yellows from pathological yellows, provide a reasonable prevention and treatment method of the sugarcane seedling yellows, and reduce sugarcane planting loss and resource waste.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of pest control of sugarcane, and particularly relates to a sugarcane seedling yellowing disease grading and prevention method.
Background
Sugarcane is a temperate zone and tropical crop, is an important sugar economic crop in southern areas of China, and is widely planted in areas such as Guangxi, Guangdong Fujian and the like of China. In the planting process of the sugarcane, plant diseases and insect pests can seriously hinder the growth of the sugarcane, wherein the sugarcane seedling yellowing disease is a worldwide sugarcane disease which seriously harms the growth of the sugarcane, the morbidity is between 10 and 30 percent, and the sugarcane seedling yellowing disease is quite common and serious in various sugarcane planting areas in China, so that the yield of the sugarcane is reduced, and the quality of the sugarcane is poor. The yellows are mainly characterized in that one part or all of stems and leaves are faded green, and the phenomena of yellows or yellow-green are generated, and the yellows can be divided into physiological yellows and pathological yellows according to different pathogenies, wherein the physiological yellows are caused by excessive deficiency of nutrients and mainly lack of iron; pathological yellows are infectious diseases caused by mycoplasmas. The method has the advantages that the etiology and the severity of the sugarcane seedling yellows are proved, the method has an important guiding effect on the prevention and the treatment of the sugarcane yellows, the prevention and the treatment measures can be targeted and can be done twice with half the effort, and the method has important significance on improving the yield and the quality of the sugarcane and increasing the income of sugarcane farmers.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for grading the yellowing disease of sugarcane seedlings, which is used for diagnosing and grading the etiology and the severity of the yellowing disease which harms the growth of sugarcane and is beneficial to reducing the harm of the yellowing disease by adopting an effective prevention and treatment method.
In order to realize the aim, the invention provides a sugarcane seedling yellowing disease grading method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) detecting the relative content of chlorophyll in etiolation leaves of the sugarcane with the etiolation disease in the field by adopting a portable chlorophyll meter;
(2) collecting etiolation leaves of etiolation disease sugarcane and leaves of normal sugarcane, carrying out virus detection, detecting whether etiolation virus exists in the leaves, taking the leaves of the normal sugarcane as negative control, wherein etiolation virus detected in the etiolation leaves is pathological etiolation disease, and the etiolation virus not detected is physiological etiolation disease;
(3) judging sugarcane seedling yellowing diseases of different levels according to the relative content of chlorophyll in yellowing leaves of sugarcane with the yellowing diseases and whether the yellowing viruses exist, wherein the sugarcane seedling yellowing diseases are divided into 1-3 levels of physiological yellowing diseases and 1-3 levels of pathological yellowing diseases, wherein the 1-3 levels respectively represent the severity of the yellowing diseases: the chlorophyll is light, moderate and severe, and the relative contents of 1-3 grades of chlorophyll are respectively 21-35 SPAD, 10-20 SPAD and less than 10 SPAD.
The method for preventing and treating the sugarcane seedlings from the yellows of different grades comprises the steps of preventing and treating the physiological yellows and preventing and treating the pathological yellows, wherein the prevention and treatment of the physiological yellows are realized by spraying a fertilizer solution on sugarcane leaf surfaces, and the fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of ferrous sulfate, 20-45 parts of amino acid, 18-35 parts of fulvic acid, 2.5-5 parts of ascorbic acid, 3-8 parts of oxalic acid, 1-2 parts of surfactant and 40-60 parts of water, wherein the fertilizer is diluted by water to prepare a fertilizer solution, and the concentrations of the fertilizer solution for preventing and treating physiological yellowing disease at 1-3 levels are 100-150 ppm, 180-250 ppm and 300-350 ppm respectively; the amount of the fertilizer solution applied to each mu of sugarcane field is 60-80L.
Preferably, in the control method, the preparation method of the fertilizer comprises the following steps:
sequentially adding ferrous sulfate, amino acid, ascorbic acid and water into a reaction kettle, stirring and mixing, adjusting the pH to 5.5-6.5, heating to 65-80 ℃, and carrying out heat preservation reaction for 0.5-1 h;
cooling to 35-45 ℃, adding fulvic acid, adjusting the pH to 6.5-7.5, stirring for reaction for 1-2 h, and cooling to room temperature to obtain an amino acid-fulvic acid double-chelate iron solution;
thirdly, mixing the amino acid-fulvic acid double-chelated iron solution, oxalic acid and a surfactant to obtain the fertilizer.
In the fertilizer solution, the amino acid-fulvic acid double-chelated iron has the characteristics of high chelation coefficient, small antagonism with other elements, good stability, high absorption and utilization rate and the like, can quickly supplement iron elements for the sugarcane, prevent ferrous ions from being oxidized, improve the utilization rate of iron, facilitate the migration and transformation of the ferrous ions in sugarcane leaves, promote the formation of chlorophyll, prevent and control the iron-deficiency physiological yellowing disease of the sugarcane, provide nutrient substances for the sugarcane, promote the growth of the sugarcane, improve the quality of the sugarcane and improve the yield. The oxalic acid can inhibit the activity of manganese ions and reduce the oxidation of the manganese ions on ferrous ions; the surfactant can reduce the surface tension of the leaves, so that the fertilizer solution is better attached to the leaves and fully spread on the leaves, and the absorption rate of the leaves to the fertilizer solution is improved.
Preferably, in the control method, the surfactant is one or a combination of more of sodium lignosulfonate, sodium lauryl sulfate and polysorbate, and the amino acid is glycine.
Preferably, in the above prevention and treatment method, the prevention and treatment of pathological yellows are as follows: spraying a medicament solution on sugarcane leaf surfaces, wherein the medicament consists of the following components in parts by weight: 10-12 parts of prochloraz, 10-15 parts of carbendazim, 8-10 parts of trichloroisocyanuric acid, 3-5 parts of fulvic acid salt, 0.02-0.03 part of brassinolide and 1-3 parts of sodium dodecyl sulfate, wherein the solubility of a medicament solution for preventing and treating pathological yellowing disease at grade 1-3 is respectively 50-80 ppm, 100-120 ppm and 150-180 ppm.
Prochloraz in the medicament solution inhibits ergosterol biosynthesis to cause pathogen death; carbendazim can interfere the formation of a spindle body in mitosis of pathogenic bacteria, influence cell division and play a role in sterilization; the trichloroisocyanuric acid is hydrolyzed to generate hypochlorous acid and active oxygen, and the hypochlorous acid and the cell wall action of pathogenic bacteria invade cells to oxidize thallus protease to kill the pathogenic bacteria; the three action mechanisms of prochloraz, carbendazim and trichloroisocyanuric acid are different, and the compound has good synergistic effect; the fulvic acid salt promotes the plants to absorb and operate the nutrients and trace elements, increases the chlorophyll content, can improve the activity of catalase in the plants and the like, and enhances the disease resistance of the sugarcane; the brassinolide can promote cell division and elongation, increase chlorophyll content in leaves, enhance photosynthesis, increase plant nutrition, improve plant disease resistance, promote growth of sugarcane, and improve quality of sugarcane.
Preferably, in the control method, the spraying amount of the pesticide solution is 50-70L/mu.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the grading method of the sugarcane seedling yellows can quickly judge the severity of the sugarcane seedling yellows, effectively distinguish physiological yellows from pathological yellows, is beneficial to providing a reasonable prevention and treatment method of the sugarcane seedling yellows, reduces sugarcane planting loss and resource waste, improves the yield and quality of sugarcane, and has important economic value.
2. The method for preventing and treating the sugarcane seedlings from the etiolation diseases of different grades respectively adopts different prevention and treatment methods aiming at the physiological etiolation diseases and the pathological etiolation diseases, so that the prevention and the treatment are reasonable and effective, the resource waste is reduced, and the prevention and the treatment cost is reduced. The disease resistance of the sugarcane can be improved and the growth of the sugarcane can be promoted while the yellow spot is treated.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention is provided, but it should be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a sugarcane seedling yellowing disease grading method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) detecting the relative content of chlorophyll in etiolation leaves of the sugarcane with the etiolation disease in the field by adopting a portable chlorophyll meter;
(2) collecting etiolation leaves of etiolation disease sugarcane and leaves of normal sugarcane, carrying out virus detection, detecting whether etiolation virus exists in the leaves, taking the leaves of the normal sugarcane as negative control, wherein etiolation virus detected in the etiolation leaves is pathological etiolation disease, and etiolation virus not detected is physiological etiolation disease;
(3) judging sugarcane seedling yellowing diseases of different levels according to the relative content of chlorophyll in yellowing leaves of sugarcane with the yellowing diseases and whether the yellowing viruses exist, wherein the sugarcane seedling yellowing diseases are divided into 1-3 levels of physiological yellowing diseases and 1-3 levels of pathological yellowing diseases, wherein the 1-3 levels respectively represent the severity of the yellowing diseases: the chlorophyll is light, moderate and severe, and the relative contents of 1-3 grades of chlorophyll are respectively 21-35 SPAD, 10-20 SPAD and less than 10 SPAD.
The virus detection method specifically comprises the following steps:
A1. transversely cutting the leaves into planes, forcibly pressing the cut planes vertically on the nitrocellulose membrane to obtain the print spots;
A2. air-drying the blot spots, immersing the nitrocellulose membrane in a sealing buffer solution, and incubating for 45min at 37 ℃; immersing the nitrocellulose membrane into a TBST buffer solution, slightly rotating for several times, and then discarding the TBST buffer solution; TBST buffer solution is prepared into 6.05g of Tris-HC1(pH8.0), 2.92g of NaC1 and 1000mL of double distilled water, and then 0.5mL of Tween20 is added; the blocking buffer is TBST buffer and 5% skimmed milk powder is added;
A3. immersing the cellulose nitrate membrane into TBST buffer solution containing 0.01% of sugarcane yellow leaf virus specific antiserum and l% of skimmed milk powder, incubating for 2h at 37 ℃, and washing the membrane for 3 times for 3min each time by the TBST buffer solution;
A4. immersing the nitrocellulose membrane into TBST buffer solution containing 0.1% alkaline phosphatase labeled antibody and l% skimmed milk powder, incubating for 2h at 37 ℃, and washing the membrane for 3min each time for 4 times by the TBST buffer solution;
A5. transferring the nitrocellulose membrane into a substrate/buffer solution BCIP/NBT two-piece solution, adding 20mL double distilled water for dissolving, developing for 10min, taking out, washing with distilled water, and naturally drying;
A6. and (4) microscopic observation and judgment show that the tissue spots of the sample infected with the sugarcane seedling yellowing virus are purple, and the uninfected tissue spots are not colored.
The embodiment also provides a method for preventing and treating the sugarcane seedlings from the yellows at different levels, which comprises the steps of preventing and treating the physiological yellows and preventing and treating the pathological yellows, wherein the step of preventing and treating the physiological yellows at the 1-3 level is to spray fertilizer solutions with the concentrations of 120ppm, 200ppm and 320ppm on sugarcane leaf surfaces, and the amount of the fertilizer solution applied to each mu of sugarcane field is 65L. The fertilizer for prevention and control comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of ferrous sulfate, 32 parts of amino acid, 28 parts of fulvic acid, 3 parts of ascorbic acid, 5 parts of oxalic acid, 1.5 parts of sodium lignosulfonate and 50 parts of water, and diluting the fertilizer with water to prepare a fertilizer solution. The preparation method of the fertilizer comprises the following steps:
sequentially adding ferrous sulfate, amino acid, ascorbic acid and water into a reaction kettle, stirring and mixing, adjusting the pH value to 5.5-6.0, heating to 70 ℃, and carrying out heat preservation reaction for 0.5 h;
cooling to 40 ℃, adding fulvic acid, adjusting the pH value to 6.5-7.0, stirring for reaction for 1.5h, and cooling to room temperature to obtain an amino acid-fulvic acid double-chelate iron solution;
thirdly, mixing the amino acid-fulvic acid double-chelated iron solution, oxalic acid and sodium lignosulfonate to obtain the fertilizer.
The prevention and treatment of 1-3 grades of pathological yellowing disease is to spray chemical solution with concentration of 60ppm, 100ppm and 160ppm on sugarcane leaf surfaces, wherein the spraying amount of the chemical solution is 70L/mu. The medicament for preventing and treating the diseases consists of the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of prochloraz, 13 parts of carbendazim, 9 parts of trichloroisocyanuric acid, 3.5 parts of fulvic acid salt, 0.02 part of brassinolide and 1.5 parts of sodium dodecyl sulfate, and the solution is prepared by adopting water to dissolve.
Example 2
The method for grading the sugarcane seedling yellowing disease provided by the embodiment is the same as that of the embodiment 1.
The embodiment also provides a method for preventing and treating the sugarcane seedlings from the yellows at different levels, which comprises the steps of preventing and treating the physiological yellows and preventing and treating the pathological yellows, wherein the step of preventing and treating the physiological yellows at the 1-3 level is to spray fertilizer solutions with the concentrations of 100ppm, 220ppm and 300ppm on sugarcane leaf surfaces, and the amount of the fertilizer solution applied to each mu of sugarcane field is 70L. The fertilizer for prevention and control comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of ferrous sulfate, 45 parts of amino acid, 32 parts of fulvic acid, 5 parts of ascorbic acid, 3 parts of oxalic acid, 2 parts of polysorbate and 60 parts of water, and diluting the fertilizer with water to prepare a fertilizer solution. The preparation method of the fertilizer comprises the following steps:
sequentially adding ferrous sulfate, amino acid, ascorbic acid and water into a reaction kettle, stirring and mixing, adjusting the pH value to 5.5-6.0, heating to 65 ℃, and carrying out heat preservation reaction for 1 h;
cooling to 45 ℃, adding fulvic acid, adjusting the pH value to 6.5-7.0, stirring for reaction for 1 hour, and cooling to room temperature to obtain an amino acid-fulvic acid double-chelate iron solution;
and thirdly, mixing the amino acid-fulvic acid double-chelated iron solution, oxalic acid and polysorbate to obtain the fertilizer.
The prevention and treatment of 1-3 grades of pathological yellowing disease is to spray chemical solution with the concentration of 80ppm, 110ppm and 180ppm on sugarcane leaf surfaces, wherein the spraying amount of the chemical solution is 55L/mu. The medicament for preventing and treating the diseases consists of the following components in parts by weight: 11 parts of prochloraz, 10 parts of carbendazim, 8 parts of trichloroisocyanuric acid, 4 parts of fulvic acid salt, 0.02 part of brassinolide and 1 part of sodium dodecyl sulfate, and the components are dissolved by water to prepare a medicament solution.
Example 3
The method for grading the sugarcane seedling yellowing disease provided by the embodiment is the same as that of the embodiment 1.
The embodiment also provides a method for preventing and treating the sugarcane seedlings from the yellows at different levels, which comprises the steps of preventing and treating the physiological yellows and preventing and treating the pathological yellows, wherein the step of preventing and treating the physiological yellows at the 1-3 level is to spray fertilizer solutions with the concentrations of 150ppm, 250ppm and 340ppm on sugarcane leaf surfaces, and the amount of the fertilizer solution applied to each mu of sugarcane field is 60L. The fertilizer for prevention and control comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 18 parts of ferrous sulfate, 38 parts of amino acid, 26 parts of fulvic acid, 3 parts of ascorbic acid, 6 parts of oxalic acid, 0.5 part of sodium lauryl sulfate, 1 part of polysorbate and 55 parts of water, and diluting the fertilizer with water to prepare a fertilizer solution. The preparation method of the fertilizer comprises the following steps:
sequentially adding ferrous sulfate, amino acid, ascorbic acid and water into a reaction kettle, stirring and mixing, adjusting the pH to 6.0-6.5, heating to 80 ℃, and carrying out heat preservation reaction for 0.5 h;
cooling to 35 ℃, adding fulvic acid, adjusting the pH value to 7.0-7.5, stirring for reaction for 2 hours, and cooling to room temperature to obtain an amino acid-fulvic acid double-chelate iron solution;
and mixing the amino acid-fulvic acid double-chelated iron solution, oxalic acid, sodium lauryl sulfate and polysorbate to obtain the fertilizer.
The prevention and treatment of the pathological yellowing disease of grade 1-3 is to spray pesticide solution with concentration of 70ppm, 120ppm and 160ppm on sugarcane leaf surfaces, wherein the spraying amount of the pesticide solution is 60L/mu. The medicament for preventing and treating the diseases consists of the following components in parts by weight: prochloraz 12 parts, carbendazim 14 parts, trichloroisocyanuric acid 8 parts, fulvic acid salt 3 parts, brassinolide 0.025 part and sodium dodecyl sulfate 2 parts, and the components are dissolved by water to prepare a medicament solution.
Test examples
The test is carried out in a sugarcane planting area where sugarcane is yellowed in Guangxi academy of agricultural sciences, firstly, the yellowed sugarcane seedlings are subjected to yellows grading by adopting the grading method, and the yellows of the yellowed sugarcane seedlings are confirmed to be divided into two types: the method comprises the steps of carrying out physiological yellows grade 2 and pathological yellows grade 3, and randomly dividing the yellows sugarcanes of each grade into 4 groups (5 rows in each group, 7 meters in row length, 1.2 meters in row spacing and 50 plants in each row), wherein 3 groups are respectively treated by adopting the corresponding prevention and treatment method in the embodiments 1-3 of the invention, and 1 group is sprayed with the same amount of clear water to be treated as a control group. The relative chlorophyll content in the leaves was measured 20 days after spraying and the results are shown in table 1. The plant height, effective stem number, sucrose content and yield were investigated at maturity, and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 1 chlorophyll content of leaves 20 days after spraying
As shown in table 1, 20 days after spraying, sugarcane leaves had significantly regreened, whereas the control group had more severe yellowing.
As shown in Table 2, compared with the control group, the method provided by the invention for treating the etiolation disease of the sugarcane seedlings in the mature period of the sugarcane has the advantages that the plant height, the effective stem number, the yield and the sucrose content are obviously improved, and the effect of applying the fertilizer solution or the medicament solution of the invention on improving the yield and the quality of etiolation sugarcane is obvious.
TABLE 2 sugarcane plant height, effective Stem number, sucrose content and yield
The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain certain principles of the invention and its practical application to enable one skilled in the art to make and use various exemplary embodiments of the invention and various alternatives and modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (3)
1. The method for preventing and treating the sugarcane seedlings from yellowing at different grades is characterized by grading the sugarcane seedlings, wherein the grading method comprises the following steps:
(1) detecting the relative content of chlorophyll in etiolation leaves of the sugarcane with the etiolation disease in the field by adopting a portable chlorophyll meter;
(2) collecting etiolation leaves of etiolation disease sugarcane and leaves of normal sugarcane, carrying out virus detection, detecting whether etiolation virus exists in the leaves, taking the leaves of the normal sugarcane as negative control, wherein etiolation virus detected in the etiolation leaves is pathological etiolation disease, and etiolation virus not detected is physiological etiolation disease;
(3) judging sugarcane seedling yellowing diseases of different levels according to the relative content of chlorophyll in yellowing leaves of sugarcane with the yellowing diseases and whether the yellowing viruses exist, wherein the sugarcane seedling yellowing diseases are divided into 1-3 levels of physiological yellowing diseases and 1-3 levels of pathological yellowing diseases, wherein the 1-3 levels respectively represent the severity of the yellowing diseases: the chlorophyll is light, moderate and severe, and the relative contents of 1-3 grades of chlorophyll are respectively 21-35 SPAD, 10-20 SPAD and less than 10 SPAD;
the control method comprises the control of physiological yellows and the control of pathological yellows, wherein the control of the physiological yellows is realized by spraying a fertilizer solution on the sugarcane leaf surface, and the fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of ferrous sulfate, 20-45 parts of amino acid, 18-35 parts of fulvic acid, 2.5-5 parts of ascorbic acid, 3-8 parts of oxalic acid, 1-2 parts of surfactant and 40-60 parts of water, wherein the fertilizer is diluted by water to prepare a fertilizer solution, and the concentrations of the fertilizer solution for preventing and treating physiological yellowing disease at 1-3 levels are 100-150 ppm, 180-250 ppm and 300-350 ppm respectively; the amount of the fertilizer solution applied to each mu of sugarcane field is 60-80L;
the preparation method of the fertilizer comprises the following steps:
sequentially adding ferrous sulfate, amino acid, ascorbic acid and water into a reaction kettle, stirring and mixing, adjusting the pH to 5.5-6.5, heating to 65-80 ℃, and carrying out heat preservation reaction for 0.5-1 h;
cooling to 35-45 ℃, adding fulvic acid, adjusting the pH to 6.5-7.5, stirring for reaction for 1-2 h, and cooling to room temperature to obtain an amino acid-fulvic acid double-chelate iron solution;
mixing the amino acid-fulvic acid double-chelated iron solution, oxalic acid and a surfactant to obtain a fertilizer;
the prevention and treatment of the pathological yellows are as follows: spraying a medicament solution on sugarcane leaf surfaces, wherein the medicament consists of the following components in parts by weight: 10-12 parts of prochloraz, 10-15 parts of carbendazim, 8-10 parts of trichloroisocyanuric acid, 3-5 parts of fulvic acid salt, 0.02-0.03 part of brassinolide and 1-3 parts of sodium dodecyl sulfate, wherein the medicaments are added with water to prepare medicament solutions, and the solubility of the medicament solutions for preventing and treating pathological yellowing disease at 1-3 levels is 50-80 ppm, 100-120 ppm and 150-180 ppm respectively.
2. The control method according to claim 1, wherein the surfactant is one or a combination of sodium lignosulfonate, sodium lauryl sulfate and polysorbate, and the amino acid is glycine.
3. The control method according to claim 1, wherein the spraying amount of the chemical solution is 50 to 70L/mu.
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