CN104458593A - Method for nutrient diagnosis of olive leaves - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for nutrient diagnosis of olive leaves. The method is carried out according to the following steps: a, selecting 5-10 representative sample plants from a to-be-detected garden plot from July and August every year, collecting 200-300 leaves from each sample plant, and mixing various sample plant leaves as sample leaves; b, drying the collected sample leaves in the shade for later use; c, digesting the dried sample leaves through concentrated sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide, and then determining nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium; d, referring to that the appropriate nutrient value ranges for nutrient diagnosis of the olive leaves are as follows: N is 1.50%-1.83%, P is 0.16-0.22%, K is 0.91-1.16%, P/N is 0.10-0.14, and K/N is 0.55-0.71; and e judging the determination result, judging deficiency or balance of nutrient elements of the sample plants by comparing with the nutrient diagnosis indicator standard provided in the step d according to the determination result in the step c, wherein the actually measured values of the detected sample plant leaves are closer to the appropriate nutrient value, the nutrient is closer to balance. According to the method disclosed by the invention, the fertilization blindness is reduced; the cost is reduced; and adverse effects on soil are reduced.

Description

The method of olive Foliar nutrient diagnosis

Technical field

The invention belongs to plant nutrient studying technological domain, be specifically related to the method for olive Foliar nutrient diagnosis.

Background technology

Olive (Olea europaea L.) has another name called olive, belong to Oleaceae (Oleaceae) wooden slippers olive and belong to (Olea), aiphyllium is that world-renowned high-quality woody oleiferous plants holds concurrently fruit with seeds, is also that the mankind are familiar with the earliest, tame, one of the oil crops planted.China introduces a fine variety and starts from 1964, and Gansu is introduced a fine variety olive and started from 1975, and the Longnan Prefecture being located in Qin_Ba mountain areas is one of best normal region of China's olive.Ended for the end of the year 2013, Longnan City olive cultivated area reaches 2.37 ten thousand hm2, fresh pod yield 1.2 ten thousand tons in 2013, extracts oil 1800 tons, realizes the output value 6.6 hundred million yuan.Olive all ranks first in the country in planting area, output and converted products kind, and olive has become local specialty industries, at quickening Longnan mountainous area Regional Economic Development, promotes that peasant programme aspect plays more and more important effect.But current oil olive is produced still ubiquity low yield, non-stable yields and even to be lasted for several years the problem of low yield, its reason is except climatic factor, and the low and trunk infusion imbalance of the soil fertility that extensive orchard management causes also is one of major reason of olive low yield.

The basis that nutrition is growth and development of fruit tree, yield and quality improves, mineral nutrient element is the important component forming fruit, is also one of key factor affecting fruit yield and quality.Foliar analysis can reflect the Condition of abundance or deficiency that tree is recuperated point more exactly, and leaf nutrient analysis is one of important means of plant nutrient status evaluation with diagnosing.Gansu Forestry Science Research Institute is in 2009-2011, recuperate on the basis of data information that point status investigation and lot of experiments accumulate the olive tree carried out 62, olive normal region, Gansu olive orchard, according to variation amplitude, the feature of each constituent content of blade, and consider that olive nutritional need characteristic determines the optimum range of olive Optimum range.For olive nutrition diagnosis, for rectification nutritional deficiency and balance fertilizing provide new diagnostic method.

Summary of the invention

The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is a kind of method providing olive Foliar nutrient diagnosis, thus can be olive tree and correct nutritional deficiency and balance fertilizing foundation is accurately and effectively provided, and then accomplish the scientific and reasonable fertilising of olive tree, solve the technical matters that ubiquity low yield produced by olive, non-stable yields even lasts for several years low yield.

It is as follows that the present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme taked: a kind of method of olive Foliar nutrient diagnosis, carries out in the steps below:

A, leaf harvest: annual 7 ~ August, representational sample strain 5 ~ 10 strain is selected in field to be measured, leaf harvest is carried out in the direction, east, south, west, north that every strain is set, be the raw mature leaf at current-year branch by picking leaves sheet, each sample strain gathers 200 ~ 300 blades, using the mixing of various kinds strain blade as sample blade; Gathering blade in 7 ~ August, is because this time period Leaf nutrient contents is relatively steady; Each sample strain collection 200 ~ 300,5 ~ 10 strain sample strain blades add up to weight to be about 500g, meet the amount needed for determination and analysis.

The process of b, sample blade: gathered sample blade is dried in the shade, stand-by;

The mensuration of c, foliar element: the sample vanes concentrated sulphuric acid dried in the shade and hydrogen peroxide disappear and boil, namely claim leaves of plants sample 0.25g ~ 0.30g to boil in pipe in disappearing and add concentrated sulphuric acid 5ml, place 10 ~ 12 hours, add hydrogen peroxide 2ml again, be placed in 300 DEG C and disappear and boil on stove, every 30min drips 10 hydrogen peroxide later, drip to boil to disappearing for 3 ~ 4 times liquid limpid after at heating 30min, naturally, after cooling, constant volume 50ml, transfers in plastic bottle for subsequent use; Offset sample measuring blade nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium after boiling; Adopt Kjeldahl method to measure nitrogen, adopt the yellow colorimetric method for determining phosphorus of acid-soluble-vanadium molybdenum, adopt acid-soluble-flame spectrophotometric determination potassium;

D, nutrient diagnosis criterion: the nutrient Appropriate scope of olive Foliar nutrient diagnosis is: N is 1.50% ~ 1.83%, P be 0.16% ~ 0.22%, K be 0.91% ~ 1.16%, P/N be 0.10 ~ 0.14, K/N is 0.55 ~ 0.71;

This nutrient diagnosis criterion is that applicant lasts 3 years, on the basis that the regression relation of 62, olive normal region, Gansu olive orchard output and blade content is for many years studied, and the conclusion drawn.

E, measurement result judge: according to step c measurement result, the nutrient diagnosis criterion that contrast steps d provides, and judge disappearance and the balance of sample strain nutrient, measured value and the nutrient Appropriate of detected sample strain blade are more close, illustrate close to balance.

The generation causing fruit tree growth dystrophia problem owing to blindly applying fertilizer in production is quite general, and not only cause the improper underproduction of olive tree, change of production amplitude is large, also causes tree vigo(u)r, fruit quality to decline.Trace it to its cause and mainly cannot accomplish scientific and reasonable fertilising, and by the present invention to olive fruit tree leaf nutrient diagnosis, working out corresponding fertilization program can address this problem preferably.

China does not have olive nutrient diagnosis standard at present, the rational application of fertilizer that the nutrient diagnosis method utilizing the present invention to propose is olive, formulate the measure of cultivation intensive management and scientific basis is provided, the disappearance of nutrient can not only be judged, and the equilibrium condition that can judge between each nutrient, thus reduce fertilising blindness, and cost-saving, reduce the harmful effect to soil; Method provided by the invention is less by the impact of the factors such as kind, breeding time, sampling sites simultaneously, and degree of accuracy is high.Facts have proved that according to the method for olive Foliar nutrient diagnosis provided by the invention be foundation, carry out the olive orchard of balance fertilizing, per mu yield increases by more than 30%, effectively can stabilize large and small annual production difference.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1,

A, July 21 days, representational sample strain 5 strain is selected in certain field to be measured, leaf harvest is carried out in the direction, east, south, west, north that every strain is set, be the raw mature leaf at current-year branch by picking leaves sheet, each sample strain gathers 200 ~ 300 blades, 5 strain sample strain blades add up to weight to be about 500g, using the mixing of various kinds strain blade as sample blade;

The process of b, sample blade: gathered sample blade is dried in the shade, stand-by;

The mensuration of c, foliar element: the sample vanes concentrated sulphuric acid dried in the shade and hydrogen peroxide disappear and boil, concrete grammar claims leaves of plants sample 0.25g to boil in pipe in disappearing to add concentrated sulphuric acid 5ml, place 12 hours, add hydrogen peroxide 2ml again, be placed in 300 DEG C and disappear and boil on stove, every 30min drips 10 hydrogen peroxide later, drip to boil to disappearing for 3 times liquid limpid after at heating 30min, naturally, after cooling, constant volume 50ml, transfers in plastic bottle for subsequent use; Offset sample measuring blade nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium after boiling; Adopt Kjeldahl method to measure nitrogen, adopt the yellow colorimetric method for determining phosphorus of acid-soluble-vanadium molybdenum, adopt acid-soluble-flame spectrophotometric determination potassium; Measured result: N is 2.39%, P be 0.20%, K is 1.23%; P/N is 0.085, K/N is 0.52;

D, nutrient diagnosis criterion: the nutrient Appropriate scope of olive Foliar nutrient diagnosis is: N is 1.50% ~ 1.83%, P be 0.16% ~ 0.22%, K be 0.91% ~ 1.16%, P/N be 0.10 ~ 0.14, K/N is 0.55 ~ 0.71;

E, measurement result judge: according to step c measurement result, the nutrient diagnosis criterion that contrast steps d provides, judge disappearance and the balance of sample strain nutrient, this garden olive tree body nitrogen, potassium element are excessive, especially nitrogen element, and out of proportion between element, therefore should increasing the p application rate and potash fertilizer, balance nitrogen.

Embodiment 2,

A, August 10 days, select representational sample strain 10 strain in certain field to be measured, remaining same embodiment 1;

The process of b, sample blade: with embodiment 1;

The mensuration of c, foliar element: the sample vanes concentrated sulphuric acid dried in the shade and hydrogen peroxide disappear and boil, concrete grammar claims leaves of plants sample 0.30g to boil in pipe in disappearing to add concentrated sulphuric acid 5ml, place 10 hours, add hydrogen peroxide 2ml again, be placed in 300 DEG C and disappear and boil on stove, every 30min drips 10 hydrogen peroxide later, drip to boil to disappearing for 3 times liquid limpid after at heating 30min, naturally, after cooling, constant volume 50ml, transfers in plastic bottle for subsequent use; Offset sample measuring blade nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium after boiling; Adopt Kjeldahl method to measure nitrogen, adopt the yellow colorimetric method for determining phosphorus of acid-soluble-vanadium molybdenum, adopt acid-soluble-flame spectrophotometric determination potassium; Measured result: N is 1.50%, P be 0.16%, K is 0.93%; P/N is 0.11, K/N is 0.62;

D, nutrient diagnosis criterion: with embodiment 1;

E, measurement result judge: according to step c measurement result, the nutrient diagnosis criterion that contrast steps d provides, and judge disappearance and the balance of sample strain nutrient, each nutritive element balance of this garden olive tree body.

Embodiment 3,

A, August 16 days, select representational sample strain 8 strain in certain field to be measured, remaining same embodiment 1;

The process of b, sample blade: with embodiment 1;

The mensuration of c, foliar element: the sample vanes concentrated sulphuric acid dried in the shade and hydrogen peroxide disappear and boil, concrete grammar claims leaves of plants sample 0.28g to boil in pipe in disappearing to add concentrated sulphuric acid 5ml, place 12 hours, add hydrogen peroxide 2ml again, be placed in 300 DEG C and disappear and boil on stove, every 30min drips 10 hydrogen peroxide later, drip to boil to disappearing for 4 times liquid limpid after at heating 30min, naturally, after cooling, constant volume 50ml, transfers in plastic bottle for subsequent use; Offset sample measuring blade nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium after boiling; Adopt Kjeldahl method to measure nitrogen, adopt the yellow colorimetric method for determining phosphorus of acid-soluble-vanadium molybdenum, adopt acid-soluble-flame spectrophotometric determination potassium; Measured result: N is 1.93%, P be 0.13%, K is 1.16%; P/N is 0.07, K/N is 0.62;

D, nutrient diagnosis criterion: with embodiment 1;

E, measurement result judge: according to step c measurement result, the nutrient diagnosis criterion that contrast steps d provides, and judge disappearance and the balance of sample strain nutrient, this garden olive tree body nitrogen is excessive, phosphorus is not enough, and potassium element is appropriate, out of proportion between element, therefore should increasing the p application rate, balance nitrogen.

Claims (1)

1. a method for olive Foliar nutrient diagnosis, is characterized in that carrying out in the steps below:

A, leaf harvest: annual 7 ~ August, representational sample strain 5 ~ 10 strain is selected in field to be measured, leaf harvest is carried out in the direction, east, south, west, north that every strain is set, be the raw mature leaf at current-year branch by picking leaves sheet, each sample strain gathers 200 ~ 300 blades, using the mixing of various kinds strain blade as sample blade;

The process of b, sample blade: gathered sample blade is dried in the shade, stand-by;

The mensuration of c, foliar element: the sample vanes concentrated sulphuric acid dried in the shade and hydrogen peroxide disappear and boil, concrete grammar claims leaves of plants sample 0.25g ~ 0.30g to boil in pipe in disappearing to add concentrated sulphuric acid 5ml, place 10 ~ 12 hours, add hydrogen peroxide 2ml again, be placed in 300 DEG C and disappear and boil on stove, every 30min drips 10 hydrogen peroxide later, drip to boil to disappearing for 3 ~ 4 times liquid limpid after at heating 30min, naturally, after cooling, constant volume 50ml, transfers in plastic bottle for subsequent use; Offset sample measuring blade nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium after boiling; Adopt Kjeldahl method to measure nitrogen, adopt the yellow colorimetric method for determining phosphorus of acid-soluble-vanadium molybdenum, adopt acid-soluble-flame spectrophotometric determination potassium;

D, nutrient diagnosis criterion: the nutrient Appropriate scope of olive Foliar nutrient diagnosis is: N is 1.50% ~ 1.83%, P be 0.16% ~ 0.22%, K be 0.91% ~ 1.16%, P/N be 0.10 ~ 0.14, K/N is 0.55 ~ 0.71;

E, measurement result judge: according to step c measurement result, the nutrient diagnosis criterion that contrast steps d provides, and judge disappearance and the balance of sample strain nutrient, measured value and the nutrient Appropriate of detected sample strain blade are more close, illustrate close to balance.