CN105319327B

CN105319327B - Tea tree full growing season Leaf mineral nutrition diagnostic techniques

Info

Publication number: CN105319327B
Application number: CN201510711886.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 丁兆堂; 王玉
Original assignee: Qingdao Agricultural University
Current assignee: Qingdao Agricultural University
Priority date: 2015-10-28
Filing date: 2015-10-28
Publication date: 2018-03-09
Anticipated expiration: 2035-10-28
Also published as: CN105319327A

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of tea leaf mineral element nutrient diagnosis technology." tea leaf nutrient index " and " tea leaf Mineral Elements Content diagnoses reference index " are formulated；Within the annual breeding time of tea tree, according to different diagnosis units, using serpentine or the point sampling route of " W " shape five；Determine " three sections of nutrient diagnosis patterns of tea leaf "：I.e. first paragraph is the full nutrient diagnosis stage in autumn, using ICP OES and half amount Kjeldahl nitrogen determination tea tree mature leaf whole nutrient, that is the constituent content such as N, P, K, S, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, as the foundation for preparing base manure and spring vernalization fertilizer；At the beginning of second stage is spring tea end summer tea, N, P, K content are only determined, determines summer tea fertilizer formula；At the beginning of phase III is autumn tea, using the content of N in half amount Kjeldahl nitrogen determination blade, so that it is determined that summer and autumn fertilization type and standard.

Description

Tea tree full growing season Leaf mineral nutrition diagnostic techniques

Specification

Technical field

The invention belongs to plant nutrient field, specially tea leaf nutrient diagnosis technology.

Background technology

Tea tree nutrient management is its high-quality, high yield, the basis of stable yields, and nutrient diagnosis is the theory and technology of nutrient management Foundation.Methods of Nutrition Diagnosis for Plants has a variety of sides such as soil diagnosis, foliar diagnosis, field test, labelled atom, microbioassay Method.Because tea root is larger, the nutriment of tree body demand and storage is more, and field land occupation condition is complicated, using soil nutrient Diagnosis and diagnostic accuracy poor problem, its result such as low with efficiency are commonly present the methods of field test also it are considered only as in production Reference value.And blade is the most sensitive organ of nutrition reaction, the change of its nutrition dynamic can Real-time Feedback tree body and soil nutrient Condition of abundance or deficiency.Therefore, Foliar nutrient diagnosis method is more satisfactory nutrient diagnosis method.But tea leaf nutrient is deposited In temporal and spatial orientation rule, in determination sample, Harvest time is different with processing method, and its analyzing and diagnosing result difference is larger. Especially tea tree is that nutrient is largely consumed to gather young sprout as harvest organ, need continuous harvesting from spring to autumn every year, It must take into full account that a great number of elements changes because of caused by leaf picking when determining leaf nutrition element variation, when gathering sample The change dynamic of element is must take into consideration, just can determine that the rich of element lacks, and formulate rational fertilization type and quantity accordingly.

Tea tree is different in Various Seasonal nutrient absorption and transformation rule.Autumn-winter is the nutrient storage phase, main to support Divide and be housed in root system, blade and resting bud；Spring is tea tree germination period, and nutrient shifts from root system, blade to bud, improves bud Germination, and as the continuous harvesting of young sprout, mineral nutrition can be constantly pulled away, it is necessary to nutrient is supplemented in time, could meet tea Set the needs that young sprout is sprouted；Summer is the vigorous growth season of tea tree, and nutriment storage is few, and the sprouting of bud and the growth of blade disappear Consume a large amount of nutrients；Different in the period of, different element reservoir status and operative configuration are different, tea leaf nutrient diagnosis and other Crop just has obvious difference naturally.

The work of tea tree nutrient diagnosis has been carried out for many years, still lacks quick, convenient, practical diagnostic method.At present, China Still belong to blank on tea leaf nutrient diagnosis standard and its application.The present invention is investigated by tea place, analysis determines and fixed point Experiment, a large amount of relevant tea leaf nutrient content data are obtained, by multiple regression analysis and principal component analysis, specify tea place The nutrition condition of main breed, the standard value and nutrient diagnosis technical standard of tea tree representativeness kind nutrient are established, is carried Go out the tea tree nutrient diagnosis technical system using leaf nutrient analysis as core, the rich water quality management to improving tea place is horizontal with important Meaning.

The content of the invention

The problem of present invention exists for current tea place nutrition diagnosis, using tea leaf nutrition change rule as foundation, with Nutrition efficient utilizes and rational proportion is target, establishes tea leaf nutrient diagnosis technical method.

1. the present invention is achieved by the steps of, first by determine it is high, in and low yield tea plantation tea leaf mineral Nutrition, the trophic level in tea place is determined, and by multivariate analysis, establish tea leaf nutrient index, pass through the index Just, preliminary judgement can be made to the trophic level of tea tree；Secondly, by analyzing the contents level of different elements, it is determined that respectively The deficiency of nutrient, the supplement for single nutrient provide foundation；Third, grinding by crop field blade sampling method Study carefully, it is determined that rational sampling method and standard.

2. the tea leaf nutrient index that the present invention is established, is calculated by equation below：Y=0.4196N+ 0.0471P+0.1560K+0.1751S+0.1314Ca+0.0371Mg+0.0316Mn+0.0018Zn+0.0004Fe+ 0.0001Cu；

Wherein：

Y:Represent leaf nutrition index；

N:The content of nitrogen in blade is represented, utilizes half amount Kjeldahl's method；

P:The content of phosphorus in blade is represented, is determined using the methods of ICP-OES；

K:The content of potassium in blade is represented, is determined using the methods of ICP-OES；

S:The content of potassium in blade is represented, is determined using the methods of ICP-OES；

Ca:The content of calcium in blade is represented, is determined using the methods of ICP-OES；

Mg：The content of magnesium in blade is represented, is determined using the methods of ICP-OES；

Mn：The content of manganese in blade is represented, is determined using the methods of ICP-OES；

Zn：The content of zinc in blade is represented, is determined using the methods of ICP-OES；

Cu：The content of copper in blade is represented, is determined using the methods of ICP-OES；

Fe：The content of iron in blade is represented, is determined using the methods of ICP-OES.

By determining tea leaf each element actual content, leaf nutrition exponential formula is inserted in, determines tea tree trophic level It is divided into level Four (being shown in Table 1)：

The tea leaf nutrient index of table 1 and its grade scale

3. the methods of by half amount Kjeldahl's method, ICP-OES, determine high, medium and low production tea place tea leaf each element Content, it is determined that the diagnosis index (being shown in Table 2, table 3) of And Development of Tea Shoot the 3rd leaf (climax leaves) each nutrient：

The content standard (g/kg) of the 10 kinds of elements of tealeaves of table 2

Relative amount (%) standard of the 10 kinds of elements of tealeaves of table 3

4. according to Various Seasonal tea tree law of nutritive absorption, it is determined that " three sections of diagnostic modes of tea leaf nutrition ", i.e., One section is the full nutrient diagnosis stage in autumn, using ICP-OES and Kjeldahl nitrogen determination tea tree mature leaf (top young sprout then 3rd leaf) whole nutrients, the i.e. constituent content such as N, P, K, S, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu；Second stage is spring tea end summer tea Just, macro-element nutrients diagnose, i.e. measure top mature leaf N, P, K content；At the beginning of phase III is summer tea production season to autumn tea, Graded uses the content of N in the leaf of Kjeldahl nitrogen determination young sprout the 3rd.

4. by studying " three sections of diagnostic modes of tea leaf nutrition " for establishing, its main purpose is to give birth to entirely for tea tree The fertilising of phase different phase provides foundation, and its essential characteristic is first stage sampling, main to calculate tea leaf nutrient index, It is horizontal to evaluate tea place totality nutrient supply, determines autumn base manure dosage and Second Year spring vernalization fertilizer species and dosage；Second and third Stage is tea tree vigorous growth season, is tea picking season again, by determining Main Nutrients index, it may be determined that essential element it is rich The degree of lacking, determined whether to carry out soil or foliage dressing according to deficiency；Wherein second stage is mainly used in determining summer tea Garden dose；Phase III is mainly used in preparing autumn tea place dose.

5. the research that the present invention passes through different sampling methods, it is proposed that tea leaf acquisition method, these methods are mainly wrapped Include：The division of diagnosis unit, mainly with soil types, tea tree breed, the age of tree, upgrowth situation, fertilizing management and harvesting system etc. Essentially identical tea place is as a diagnosis unit；The optimum plot size of one diagnosis unit is 1hm²~2hm²；Diagnosis unit preferably with The age of tree or kind division, its size depend on the size of tea tree breed, the uniform level of soil types and workload；Sampling Depending on route is with landform, it is less than 5 ° of place on level land or the gradient, using " 5 points " sampling routes of serpentine or " W " shape；In the gradient Big or terracing tea place, is sampled as stated above respectively in the plantation row of upper, middle and lower；The selection of plant, examined at one Selection 5-6 strains grow normal tea tree and set as sampling in disconnected unit, and sampling tree should be randomly dispersed in the diagnosis unit, freeze injury Tree, disease tree, boundary tree should not be used as sampling tree.

Claims

1. a kind of tea tree full growing season Leaf mineral nutrition diagnostic method, it is characterised in that formulated tea leaf nutrient index Reference index is diagnosed with mineral element, within the annual breeding time of tea tree, using " three sections of nutrient diagnosis patterns ", according to different Diagnosis unit, using serpentine or the point sampling route of " W " shape five, tea leaf Mineral Elements Content is determined in three times, is determined according to this The a certain element in tea place, which is increased or subtracted, to be applied, and establishes annual fertilizer practice standard；

Three sections of described nutrient diagnosis patterns, it is specially：First paragraph is the full nutrient diagnosis stage in autumn, using ICP-OES and half Measure kjeldahl apparatus measure tea tree top the leaf whole nutrient of young sprout the 3rd, i.e. N, P, K, S, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu then Constituent content；At the beginning of second stage is spring tea end summer tea, macro-element nutrients diagnosis, i.e. measure top mature leaf N, P, K content； Phase III is at the beginning of summer tea produces season to autumn tea, and graded is using half content for measuring N in the leaf of Kjeldahl nitrogen determination young sprout the 3rd；

Described tea leaf nutrient index and mineral element diagnosis reference index are as follows：

By to tea tree Mineral Elements Content under Different Nutrition state, having formulated " tea leaf nutrient index ", it is determined that Tea leaf nutritional deficiency diagnostic criteria；Tea leaf nutrient index calculating means, Y=0.4196N+0.0471P+0.1560K+ 0.1751S+0.1314Ca+0.0371Mg+0.0316Mn+0.0018Zn+0.0004Fe+0.0001Cu；By determining tea free Piece each element actual content, the content are inserted in formula in terms of g/kg, determine that tea tree trophic level is divided into level Four, are specifically shown in Table 1：

The tea leaf nutrient index of table 1 and its grade scale

；

By half amount Kjeldahl's method, ICP-OES methods, the content of tea leaf each element is determined, determines the leaf of And Development of Tea Shoot the 3rd The diagnosis index of each nutrient, it is shown in Table 2, table 3：

Content standard of table 2 tealeaves, the 10 kinds of elements in terms of g/kg

The relative % content standards of table 3 tealeaves, 10 kinds of elements

。