CN108668584A - The farmland section phosphorus synergy fertilizing method of soil environment capacity is taken into account under rice wheat rotation system - Google Patents
The farmland section phosphorus synergy fertilizing method of soil environment capacity is taken into account under rice wheat rotation system Download PDFInfo
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- CN108668584A CN108668584A CN201810298403.7A CN201810298403A CN108668584A CN 108668584 A CN108668584 A CN 108668584A CN 201810298403 A CN201810298403 A CN 201810298403A CN 108668584 A CN108668584 A CN 108668584A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of farmlands for taking into account soil environment capacity suitable for Rice and wheat rotation domain to save phosphorus synergy fertilizing method, and this method is:In wheat planting season:Site preparation Base-appling once P is combined before wheat cultivation2O590~110 kg/hm2, nitrogenous fertilizer, potash fertilizer are by local custom dosage application;In Rice Cropping season:Nitrogenous fertilizer, the potash fertilizer outside dephosphorization are normally applied by local custom dosage.The present invention, which can ensure demand of the crop to phosphorus nourishing and control the science of agricultural land soil phosphorus excessive buildup, applies phosphorus, and the scientifical use of phosphate fertilizer during current agricultural can be instructed to produce, to saving phosphor resource, protection water body environment is of great significance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural plantation technology fields, and in particular to one kind taking into account soil suitable for Rice and wheat rotation domain
Save phosphorus synergy fertilizing method in the farmland of environmental carrying capacity.
Background technology
Phosphorus is the restriction factor of plant growth and the critical factor of body eutrophication, is also important non-renewable money
Source.When water body total phosphorus is more than 20mg/L, so that it may determine that there are enriched risks.
The eighties in last century, Chinese arable land soil generally lack phosphorus, and soil phosphorus supply power is extremely low.In order to meet growing people
Demand of the mouth to grain, country start to greatly develop Phosphate Fertilizer Industry, increase Phosphorus fertilizer usage, to realize carrying for Available phosphate
Rise the raising with soil Phosphorus supply capacity.Statistics shows that 2008, Chinese phosphate fertilizer consumption accounts for generation up to 1214.6 ten thousand tons
The 33.2% of boundary's total flow is 4.3 times in 1980.Long-term tillage study on monitoring including the inventors of the present invention is found, although phosphorus
Fertilizer input improve soil fertility, it is ensured that grain security, but but also agricultural year Soils In The Region P elements occur accumulation,
The waste of the reduction and phosphate rock resource of applying phosphorus economic benefit is caused, while increasing Determination of Water Soluble Phosphorus in Soil and being lost in production to water body
The risk of raw eutrophication.
Henan is as agriculture granary province of China first, and in the past 20 years, the input of phosphate fertilizer is in apparent increase trend year by year,
The part high-yielding grain fields soil phosphorus is caused to generate a large amount of accumulations, one causes the waste of non-renewable phosphorus resource, increases agricultural
Production cost, two may cause the potential risk that agricultural run-off loss causes body eutrophication to pollute.River in 2010
It is 117.9 ten thousand tons that south, which saves agricultural phosphate fertilizer amount of application, accounts for national total amount(805.6 ten thousand tons)15%.Pass through within continuous 7 years according to Mu Lan etc.
To 45, Henan Province soil fertility monitoring point, the survey showed that, and the arable soil based on high, middle soil fertility is carried with rapid available phosphorus
It is high most fast.
However, in the current agricultural production in Rice and wheat rotation, wind caused by a large amount of applications of phosphate fertilizer and possibility
Dangerous problem does not still cause the enough attention of peasant and agricultural experts, traces it to its cause and essentially consists in:P elements are easy by neutral, stone
Ash soil is fixed(Applying excessive phosphorus can be preserved by soil fixing), it is easy unlike nitrogen, potassium with water movement or stream
It loses, and the rapid available phosphorus in soil under certain condition being capable of mutual inversion of phases with fixed phosphorus;Also based on this or even some experts
Propose " phosphorus is applied in strategic reserves ", " storing food in land " fertilising guiding theory.
Henan south rice workspace and be the typical rice of the Yellow River and Huai He River-wheat rice field-upland field rotation area along yellow rice workspace is high for unilateral pursuit
Production, stable yields, under the guidance of some traditional fertilising theories, long-term existence apply fertilizer it is unreasonable, extensive style that especially phosphate fertilizer is planned strategies for,
The problems such as blindness and stronger uncertainty.
Invention content
For unreasonable problems such as the excessive applications occurred during current China's phosphate fertilizer, the invention solves skill
Art problem is to provide a kind of section phosphorus synergy fertilizing method being suitable for taking into account soil environment capacity along the rice wheat rotation area in yellow area.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention uses following technical thought:
First, inventor studies the pedotheque Analysis of phosphorus contents of a large amount of historical summary and long-term tillage monitoring by inquiry
Data find current Henan Province(Especially along yellow region)It is rich that rice soil topsoil soils phosphorus content is in soil phosphorus content
The medium level for the standard of lacking.
Secondly, inventor is fixed easily according to upland soil phosphorus element, waterflooding can activate phosphorus element activity to increase available phosphorus content
Practical studies are found, rice season harvest time by carrying out monitor on field experiment in Henan the Yellow River and Huai He River rice wheat rotation typical case farmland for many years
Soil available phosphorus content be significantly higher than wheat season, and phosphorus element is then easily by soil fixing, activity drop under wheat season dry farming
It is low, it is difficult to be absorbed by crops utilization.
Furthermore inventor specifies work by being studied in the location test in the Yellow River and Huai He River rice wheat rotation typical case farmland for years
Object grain yield applies phosphorus in single cropping and two Ji Jun are applied between phosphorus without significant difference, especially for the higher river of soil available phosphorus content
South is even more so along yellow rice wheat rotation farmland.
In addition, research also found that excessive phosphate fertilizer makes crop in the Regional field(Rice or wheat)It is inhaled from soil
Receiving excessive phosphorus nourishing can promote crop respiration excessively vigorous, and the dry matter of consumption is more than the dry matter of accumulation, causes
Organ of multiplication is developed in advance, causes crop precocious, and seed is small, low output;The zinc in soil can be made to be acted on excessive phosphorus
Trbasic zinc phosphate precipitation is generated, crop is made apparent zinc deficiency symptom occur;Also the silicon in soil can be caused to be fixed, crop is caused to lack silicon,
Influence bigger especially to the gramineous crop for liking silicon, such as silicophilic crop rice, it may occur that stalk is very thin, lodging and disease-resistant energy
The scarce silicon symptom such as force difference;Harmful element in soil can be also caused to accumulate, phosphate fertilizer is mainly derived from rock phosphate in powder, contains in rock phosphate in powder and is permitted
More impurity are easily absorbed by crops including harmful elements such as cadmium, lead, fluorine, can be caused damages to people and animals.
Based on above-mentioned long-term experimental study, the present invention proposes that soil environment capacity is taken into account in a kind of rice wheat rotation farmland
Section phosphorus synergy fertilizing method, include the following steps:
In wheat planting season:Site preparation Base-appling once P is combined before wheat cultivation2O590~110 kg/hm2, nitrogenous fertilizer, potash fertilizer are by working as
It is accustomed to dosage application in ground;
In Rice Cropping season:Nitrogenous fertilizer, the potash fertilizer outside dephosphorization are normally applied by local custom dosage.
Preferably, the P2O5At least one in Diammonium phosphate (DAP), calcium superphosphate, double superhosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate
Kind.
Preferably, 210~230 kg/ hm of N are being applied wheat planting seasons2、K250~70 kg/hm of O2。
Preferably, 230~250 kg/ hm of N are being applied Rice Cropping seasons2、K280~100 kg/hm of O2。
Preferably, the N is from least one of urea, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), ammonium hydrogen carbonate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate.
Preferably, the K2O is from least one of potassium sulfate, potassium chloride.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial technical effect of the present invention lies in:
1. the present invention to the Yellow River and Huai He River rice wheat rotation area by carrying out Regional field phosphate fertilizer situation and soil phophorus library Condition of abundance or deficiency tune
It looks into, after specifying one's respective area rice and kernel agricultural land soil phosphorus planting modes on sink characteristic, carries out the research of phosphate fertilizer science application technique field trial, establish both
It can ensure demand of the crop to phosphorus nourishing, and the science that can control agricultural land soil phosphorus excessive buildup applies phosphorus technology mode, be agriculture
Industry production technology popularizing department provides decision-making foundation.
2. the present invention using the Henan rice wheat rotation area of wheat as research object, is ground in conjunction with to the investigation of Soils of Henan Province phosphorus library Condition of abundance or deficiency
Study carefully analysis and phosphate fertilizer technology monitor on field experimental study for years, research finds suitable in Henan Rice and wheat rotation
It is preferably applied by the way of phosphorus rice season do not apply phosphate fertilizer, is breached about phosphate fertilizer traditional concept using wheat season.
3. the present invention is via fertilizer effect position monitor for many years the study found that when forward position Huang wheat-rice rotation Rotation System
Under, only wheat season apply phosphate fertilizer can meet two season crop to the nutritional need of phosphorus nourishing, and preciousness can be saved
Non-renewable phosphate fertilizer resource and avoid phosphate fertilizer excessively pollution of the application to agroecological environment.
4. the present invention has important practical significance to the science application of phosphate fertilizer in instructing current agricultural to produce, and to section
About phosphor resource, protection water body environment also have immeasurable social benefit.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is Henan Province's topsoil soils available phosphorus contents life history variation diagram;
Fig. 2 is Henan Province's Main Paddy Soil available phosphorus contents condition diagram;
Fig. 3 is rice wheat rotation farmland phosphate fertilizer production effect test processing figure;
Fig. 4 is topsoil soils available phosphorus contents condition diagram after rice harves in October, 2012;
Fig. 5 is topsoil soils available phosphorus contents condition diagram after in June, 2013 harvesting wheat;
Fig. 6 is topsoil soils available phosphorus contents condition diagram after in October, 2013 harvesting wheat;
Fig. 7 is topsoil soils available phosphorus contents condition diagram after in June, 2014 harvesting wheat;
Fig. 8 is that different phosphate fertilizers handle in October, 2012 rice grain Yield mapping;
Fig. 9 is that different phosphate fertilizers handle in June, 2013 wheat grain yield figure;
Figure 10 is that different phosphate fertilizers handle in October, 2013 rice grain Yield mapping;
Figure 11 is that different phosphate fertilizers handle in June, 2014 wheat grain yield figure;
Figure 12 is that different phosphate fertilizers handle 2012-2014 two anniversary in season of rice and kernel average product figures.
Specific implementation mode
Illustrate the specific implementation mode of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, but following embodiment is used only in detail
It describes the bright present invention in detail, does not limit the scope of the invention in any way.
Involved instrument and equipment is routine instrument device unless otherwise instructed in the examples below;Involved
Test raw material is commercially available conventional products unless otherwise instructed;Involved test method is unless otherwise instructed routine
Method.
Embodiment one:Save the research of phosphorus synergy fertilizer test in the Yellow River and Huai He River rice wheat rotation farmland
(One)Soil In Henan Province phosphorus content measures
It can be obtained based on the national soil measurement formula 400,000 parts of soil sample researching determining outcome researches of project of 2005-2009, current river
Nan Sheng the whole provinces soil quick-effective phosphor average content compared with the Second National overall survey of soil 2.94 times of 5.90 P mg/kg high, up to 17.37
P mg/kg, detailed data are as shown in Figure 1.
By being found to Henan Province's rice soil topsoil soils phosphorus content historical variations comparative studies, 2005-2009 years
National soil measurement formula measurement result average content be 12.73 P mg/kg, and 2012 by 829 parts come from the whole province's rice soil
Sample tests oneself result average content up to 15.10 P mg/kg, respectively compared with second of overall survey of soil result of nineteen eighty-two(5.70 P mg/
kg)High 7.03 P mg/kg and 9.40 P mg/kg, detailed data are as shown in Figure 2.
Current Henan Province rice soil topsoil soils phosphorus content is in the medium level of the rich scarce standard of soil phosphorus content
(10~20 P mg/kg), i.e., current Henan Province's topsoil soils phosphorus content can meet need of the crop this season to phosphorus nourishing substantially
It asks, this just provides Research foundation to carry out the application of Henan rice wheat rotation farmland sysrem phosphate fertilizer science.
(Two)Experimental design
1. test process
It is tested in June, 2012~2014 year June respectively in District, Xinyang Area, Henan Province Wuli shop(Rice soil), Henan Xinxiang Yuanyang Xi Quan
(Moisture soil)And Henan Xinxiang Fengqiu Chen Qiao eight stockaded villages(The Yellow River alluvial plain conditioned soil)3 rice wheat rotation typical case farmlands are carried out at the same time phosphorus
Fertile science applies field trial.
4 processing of experiment setting, respectively handle 1. two Ji Jun of rice and kernel and do not apply phosphorus;2. only rice season applies phosphorus for processing;Processing
3. only wheat season applies phosphorus;4. two Ji Jun of rice and kernel applies phosphorus, 6 × 6 m of plot area for processing2, repeat three times, random alignment, field is detailed
Thin arrangement is as shown in Figure 3.
Wheat season, rate of fertilizer was: N 220kg/hm2、P2O5 100 kg/hm2And K2O 60 kg/hm2;Rice season fertilizer
Expect that amount of application is:N 240 kg/hm2、P2O5 100 kg/hm2And K2O 90 kg/hm2.N derives from urea(N46%)And phosphoric acid
Diammonium(N18%), P2O5From Diammonium phosphate (DAP)(P2O5 46%)And double superhosphate(P2O5 46%), K2O derives from potassium sulfate
(K2O 50%).Nitrogenous fertilizer divides base manure and jointing fertilizer according to 6:4 split applications, phosphorus, potash fertilizer are with site preparation as base manure one-time use.
By in the setting of the Yellow River and Huai He River rice wheat rotation area, two Ji Jun of rice and kernel does not apply phosphorus, wheat season applies phosphorus, rice season applies phosphorus and wheat/
Two Ji Jun of rice applies the phosphate fertilizer effect field comparative test of 4 processing of phosphorus, and experiment nitrogen, phosphorus, Potassium Fertilizer are before rice/wheat sowing
It is accustomed to carrying out on the basis of soil testing assay and with reference to Current Farmers, crop time of infertility field management is accustomed to local farmers, harvest
When singles singly receive, count yield.
2. investigation and assay method
A. agricultural land soil investigation and sampling
The method that rural household sample survey is carried out using agriculture tune team of State Statistics Bureau:Take point, symmetrical method of equal intervals at random.
B. soil phosphorus content measures
Soil sample is respectively used to soil quick-effective phosphor and the analysis of full phosphorus after air-drying processing after crossing 1 mm and 0.15 mm sieves.With second
Method therefor is consistent when the overall survey of soil, and content of soil available phosphor assay method uses NaHCO3Extraction, the anti-colorimetric method for determining of molybdenum ladder
(That is Oslen methods);Total Phosphorus In Soil HClO4-H2SO4Resolution, the anti-colorimetric method for determining of molybdenum ladder.
C. crop yield and yield component
Maturity period fixes sampling point and investigates to rice, wheat, calculates sampling point and be averaged spike number, and randomly selects 10 plants, progress room
Interior species test analysis, mass of 1000 kernel press 12.5% moisture determination, and when rice, harvesting wheat, paid 4 m is distinguished per cell2Calculate seed
Yield converts output per hectare.
(3)Topsoil soils phosphorus content seasonal variations measure
Topsoil soils phosphorus content seasonal variations are as also shown in e.g. figs. 4-7.
As seen from Figure 4, after corresponding to phosphate fertilizer processing by first season Rice Cropping, three test sites are to apply phosphorus
Processing topsoil soils available phosphorus contents, which are significantly higher than, does not apply phosphorus processing, especially in Fengqiu and Yuanyang testing site.In addition, by Fig. 3
It can also be seen that three test site topsoil soils available phosphorus contents, there are notable difference, Yuanyang highest, Fengqiu is taken second place, Xinyang
It is minimum, show that farmland phosphate fertilizer science is being instructed to accomplish guidance to different types of areas, section using to consider different location soil phosphorus content situation
Learn fertilising.
Fig. 5 shows that after second season wheat planting, the processing of this season phosphate fertilizer is not obviously applied phosphorus processing compared with this season and ploughed
Layer soil phosphorus content is high.Consistent with topsoil soils available phosphorus contents variation tendency after first season rice harves, three experimental field
Point is also higher with Yuanyang and Fengqiu testing site, and Xinyang testing site is relatively low.
Fig. 6 shows after positioning of continuous 3 season phosphate fertilizer processing, either continuously applies phosphorus processing, or in rice wheat rotation system
It is only handled in wheat season or rice season single cropping phosphate fertilizer in system, three quick-acting phosphorus contents of test site topsoil soils are notable
It is handled higher than phosphorus is not applied continuously.Analysis shows, continuously apply phosphorus processing through significance test and single cropping applies topsoil soils between phosphorus processing
Quick-acting phosphorus content differences are not notable, but apply phosphorus processing topsoil soils quick-acting phosphorus contents wheat season and apply phosphorus processing compared with rice season
It is high.
Fig. 7 shows after positioning of continuous 4 season phosphate fertilizer processing, either continuously applies phosphorus processing, or in rice wheat rotation system
Only three quick-acting phosphorus contents of test site topsoil soils are handled in system in wheat season or rice season single cropping phosphate fertilizer relatively to connect
It is continuous not apply phosphorus processing.Significance test show continuously to apply phosphorus processing and single cropping apply phosphorus processing between topsoil soils available phosphorus contents it is poor
Different to reach the level of signifiance, soil quick-effective phosphor can be reduced in the long-term single cropping phosphate fertilizer in current Henan Province's rice wheat rotation farmland by, which showing, contains
Amount has and causes the potentiality of water body phosphorus environment pollution risk by subtracting phosphorus.
Therefore, in practical farmland operates, only using phosphate fertilizer can be met week in wheat season for Rice and wheat rotation
The demand of year crop to phosphorus nutrients.
In addition, by testing topsoil soils available phosphorus contents result to two harvest wheat of Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 two seasons rice
It was found that rice season harvest time soil phosphorus content is apparently higher than wheat season, analysis reason mainly exists in rice season soil
Phosphorus element increased activity under waterflooding environment, available phosphorus content increase, and phosphorus element is living easily by soil fixing under wheat season dry farming
Property reduce.
(4)Rice, wheat grain yield performance
Continuous two season of two anniversaries rice and two harvest wheat grain yields are as shown in Fig. 8~11.
By result it can be seen that:First season rice does not apply the processing rice yield of phosphate fertilizer and applies the processing yield of phosphate fertilizer without aobvious
Difference is write, or even does not apply phosphorus processing yield in Fengqiu, Xinyang testing site and also slightly above applies phosphorus processing;Second harvest wheat does not apply phosphate fertilizer
Processing has downward trend in Fengqiu, Yuanyang two places wheat yield;The processing that rice season does not apply phosphorus, applies phosphorus wheat season can improve
Three test site wheat grain yields or even the processing have been more than continuous rice and kernel in three testing site wheat grain yield levels
Two Ji Jun apply phosphate fertilizer processing, and horizontal up to significant difference in Yuanyang testing site;The third quarter does not apply phosphorus processing in Yuanyang testing site
Difference reaches the level of signifiance between rice yield and two Ji Jun apply phosphorus processing, and difference is not notable between other testing sites and processing;The fourth season
Apply phosphorus processing(Single cropping applies phosphorus or double seasons apply phosphorus)Wheat grain yield is all remarkably higher than two Ji Jun and does not apply phosphorus processing, and in soil speed
Phosphorus processing is applied in effect phosphorus content relatively high Fengqiu testing site and Yuanyang testing site single cropping(Rice season applies phosphorus and wheat season applies phosphorus)
Between and single cropping apply phosphorus and it is annual apply phosphorus processing two seasons between wheat yield without significant difference, but in the lower Xinyang of available phosphorus contents
Difference reaches the level of signifiance between testing site single cropping applies phosphorus and applies phosphorus double seasons.
Figure 12 can be seen that apply 3 two seasons of test site rice and kernel phosphorus processing and do not apply phosphorus processing between the anniversary average product it is equal
It is horizontal and relatively high with phosphate fertilizer wheat season, average product anniversary up to significant difference, but single cropping is applied phosphorus and is applied at phosphorus in season with double
Difference is not notable between reason, or even applies phosphorus significantly more only in relatively high two Ji Jun of Yuanyang testing site rice and kernel of soil available phosphorus content
Apply phosphorus processing anniversary low output wheat season.
In conclusion in current Henan under yellow wheat-rice rotation Rotation System, it is only relatively low in soil available phosphorus element
Wheat season, which applies phosphate fertilizer, can meet two season of rice and kernel crop to the nutritional need of phosphorus nourishing, and then can play saving phosphate fertilizer
Resource and the effect for avoiding phosphate fertilizer excess application from polluting agricultural eco-environment system.
The present invention is described in detail above in conjunction with drawings and examples, still, those of skill in the art
Member is it is understood that without departing from the purpose of the present invention, can also carry out each design parameter in above-described embodiment
Change, forms multiple specific embodiments, is the common variation range of the present invention, is no longer described in detail one by one herein.
Claims (6)
1. taking into account the farmland section phosphorus synergy fertilizing method of soil environment capacity under a kind of rice wheat rotation system, which is characterized in that packet
Include following steps:
In wheat planting season:Site preparation Base-appling once P is combined before wheat cultivation2O590~110 kg/hm2, nitrogenous fertilizer, potash fertilizer are by working as
It is accustomed to dosage application in ground;
In Rice Cropping season:Nitrogenous fertilizer, the potash fertilizer outside dephosphorization are normally applied by local custom dosage.
2. the farmland section phosphorus synergy fertilizing method of soil environment capacity is taken into account under rice wheat rotation system according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, the P2O5From at least one of Diammonium phosphate (DAP), calcium superphosphate, double superhosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate.
3. the farmland section phosphorus synergy fertilizing method of soil environment capacity is taken into account under rice wheat rotation system according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, applying 210~230 kg/ hm of N wheat planting seasons2、K250~70 kg/hm of O2。
4. the farmland section phosphorus synergy fertilizing method of soil environment capacity is taken into account under rice wheat rotation system according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, applying 230~250 kg/ hm of N Rice Cropping seasons2、K280~100 kg/hm of O2。
5. saving phosphorus synergy fertilising side according to the farmland for taking into account soil environment capacity under the rice wheat rotation system of claim 3 or 4
Method, which is characterized in that the N is from least one of urea, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), ammonium hydrogen carbonate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate.
6. saving phosphorus synergy fertilising side according to the farmland for taking into account soil environment capacity under the rice wheat rotation system of claim 3 or 4
Method, which is characterized in that the K2O is from least one of potassium sulfate, potassium chloride.
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Cited By (1)
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CN109548595A (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-04-02 | 浙江大学 | A kind of semilate rice-wheat crop rotation method in cadmium slight pollution soil |
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CN107056505A (en) * | 2017-06-15 | 2017-08-18 | 江苏省农业科学院 | One plant vegetables rice crop rotation farmland nutrient emission reduction and maintain stable crop yield method |
CN107047046A (en) * | 2017-06-15 | 2017-08-18 | 江苏省农业科学院 | A kind of rice wheat rotation farmland nutrient emission reduction and the method for maintaining stable crop yield |
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CN1264692A (en) * | 1999-02-26 | 2000-08-30 | 刘佳义 | Once-only compound fertilizer for rice and its application method |
CN102598944A (en) * | 2012-03-13 | 2012-07-25 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Efficient fertilization method of matching slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in garlic and corn crop rotation |
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CN109548595B (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2021-02-09 | 浙江大学 | Method for crop rotation of medium rice and wheat in cadmium slightly-polluted soil |
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