CN115362781A - Method for relieving soil secondary salinization and continuous cropping obstacles and application - Google Patents

Method for relieving soil secondary salinization and continuous cropping obstacles and application Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115362781A
CN115362781A CN202210815316.0A CN202210815316A CN115362781A CN 115362781 A CN115362781 A CN 115362781A CN 202210815316 A CN202210815316 A CN 202210815316A CN 115362781 A CN115362781 A CN 115362781A
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soil
continuous cropping
secondary salinization
relieving
cropping obstacles
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Inventor
王小兵
付宽宽
汪晓丽
封克
陈悦
程通
秦蓁天
陈木
闵逸雯
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Yangzhou University
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Yangzhou University
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00Methods for working soil
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/15Leaf crops, e.g. lettuce or spinach 
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00Botany in general
    • A01G7/06Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K17/00Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
    • C09K17/40Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/20Bacteria; Culture media therefor
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2101/00Agricultural use
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12RINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
    • C12R2001/00Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
    • C12R2001/01Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
    • C12R2001/07Bacillus

Abstract

The invention discloses a method and application for relieving soil secondary salinization and continuous cropping obstacles, belonging to the technical field of facility crop culture and comprising the following steps: collecting soil with secondary salinization, adding lime nitrogen and organic materials into the soil, then watering until the soil humidity is 60-70%, covering the soil with a film for at least 20 days after watering, uncovering the film, airing the crops for at least 5 days, and spraying diluted biological inoculants to the seedling stage and the growth stage of the crops respectively to effectively relieve the secondary salinization and continuous cropping obstacle of the soil.

Description

Method for relieving soil secondary salinization and continuous cropping obstacles and application
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method and application for relieving soil secondary salinization and continuous cropping obstacles, and belongs to the technical field of facility crop culture.
Background
The production of the facility vegetables has the characteristics of high intensification, high multiple cropping index and single type, the planting area of the facility vegetables is continuously increased along with the rapid development of the facility vegetable industry in China, the facility soil is easy to salinize and serious soil-borne diseases occur due to unreasonable water and fertilizer management and continuous high-density planting, the adverse phenomena of deterioration of the soil environment, reduction of yield, reduction of quality and the like can be caused along with the increase of the continuous cropping cultivation age, the development of agriculture is seriously influenced, and the problem is urgently needed to be solved in the facility vegetable cultivation.
The causes of the continuous cropping obstacle of the greenhouse vegetables are mainly summarized into five aspects: namely, the soil infectious diseases, the unbalance of soil microflora, allelopathy and the deterioration of soil physicochemical properties. At present, the method for preventing and treating the continuous cropping obstacle of soil mainly comprises three measures of agricultural prevention and treatment, chemical prevention and treatment and biological prevention and treatment, wherein the agricultural prevention and treatment comprises the steps of cultivating new disease-resistant varieties, grafting, soilless culture, reasonable rotation, irrigation and greenhouse closing and the like. Chemical control mainly adopts methods such as soil disinfection and the like to control soil-borne diseases. The biological control mainly comprises organic fertilizers, microbial fertilizers, biological agents and the like at present, and also comprises the steps of utilizing a genetic breeding technology and a genetic engineering technology to cultivate disease-resistant varieties to overcome the continuous cropping obstacles of vegetables, but the difficulty of the work is high, and many of the problems are actively researched, so that the control effect of the prior art is single, and the occurrence of soil-borne diseases of continuous cropping soil of greenhouse vegetables cannot be really and effectively controlled.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a method for relieving secondary salinization and continuous cropping obstacles of soil, which is applied to facility crop culture.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a method for relieving soil secondary salinization and continuous cropping obstacles, which comprises the following steps:
collecting soil subjected to secondary salinization, adding lime nitrogen and organic materials into the soil, and uniformly turning over to obtain pretreated soil;
watering the pretreated soil until the humidity of the pretreated soil is 60% -70%, covering the film and closing the shed for at least 20 days after the watering is finished, uncovering the film, and airing for at least 5 days to obtain spare soil;
planting crop seeds or crop seedlings on the spare soil;
and respectively spraying the diluted biological agents to the seedling stage and the growth stage of the crops.
Further, the mass ratio of the lime nitrogen added into the soil to the organic materials is 1:15 to 20.
Further, the biological agent comprises bacillus amyloliquefaciens BZ6-1.
Furthermore, the concentration of effective viable bacteria in the biological agent sprayed each time is 1 multiplied by 10 11 ~6×10 12 cfu/ml。
Further, the biological agent can produce surfactin, fengycin and iturin.
Further, the total nitrogen content of the lime nitrogen is not less than 21%, and the total nitrogen content of the lime nitrogen is not less than 55%.
Further, the organic material is any one or more of wheat bran, straws, vegetable leaves and dead branches and fallen leaves.
The invention provides a method for relieving soil secondary salinization and continuous cropping obstacles, which is applied to facility crop culture.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method for relieving soil secondary salinization and continuous cropping obstacles provided by the invention has the advantages that lime nitrogen and organic materials are added into soil with secondary salinization and continuous cropping obstacles, irrigation is carried out after uniform ploughing, mulching is carried out, shed closing is carried out, airing and planting are carried out, diluted biological inoculants are respectively sprayed at the seedling stage and the growth stage of crops, the soil continuous cropping obstacles are effectively improved, the microbial community structure of the soil is adjusted, the problems of soil continuous cropping obstacles such as soil acidification, secondary salinization, pest and disease damage occurrence are reduced, and the quality and the yield of the crops are improved.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below, and the following examples are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, but not to limit the scope of the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows:
preparing a test material, wherein celery is selected as a test vegetable material in the embodiment, and the specific variety is small celery in four seasons, produced in Jiangsu dormitory; the organic material can be any one or more of wheat bran, straws, vegetable leaves and dead branches and fallen leaves, and the organic material used in the embodiment is wheat bran; the total nitrogen content of lime nitrogen is more than or equal to 21 percent, the total nitrogen content of calcium cyanamide is more than or equal to 55 percent, and the lime nitrogen is produced by Shandong Jinnaite environmental protection technology Limited company.
The bacteria content in the biological agent is 1 × 10 8 cfu/ml, independently developed by laboratories of Yangzhou university, and the main strains include Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BZ6-1 which produces surfactin, fengycin and iturin, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BZ6-1 (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) which is preserved in a preservation unit designated by the national intellectual property office, wherein the preservation date is 2009, 01-22 days, and the name of the preservation unit: china general microbiological culture Collection center, preservation Address: china science of great Tunnel of Chaojing Kogyang districtInstitute for microbiology, accession number: CGMCC No.2892.
Collecting facility soil with serious perennial salinization of Changzhou, and screening the facility soil uniformly by using a rotary cultivator for facility soil treatment.
Example two:
the potting test is carried out in a test greenhouse of Yangzhou university, and the specific test treatment is as follows:
according to the experimental design of table 1, the soil was subjected to 8 different treatments, with 3 replicates per group, with the following additions per group: number 1) set the secondary salination facility soil without any treatment as a control group; number 2) single Shi Youji material; number 3) mono Shi Danhui nitrogen; number 4) lime nitrogen + organic material; numbering 5) spraying a biological agent; number 6) organic materials + biological agents; number 7) lime nitrogen + biological agent; number 8) organic materials + lime nitrogen + biological agents.
The treated facility soil is respectively filled into flowerpots, the height of each flowerpot selected by the embodiment of the invention is 14cm, the width of each flowerpot is 23.5cm, each flowerpot contains 5kg +/-20 g of fresh soil, each flowerpot is respectively applied with 0.83g of urea, 2.67g of organic compound fertilizer, 0.50g of phosphate fertilizer and 0.33g of potash fertilizer as base fertilizers, and the base fertilizers are applied with lime nitrogen to balance the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizers, and the 3 rd group and the 7 th group are not applied with urea.
The spare soil of the test cell with the number 1 is filled into flowerpots with the numbers 1 and 5; the spare soil of the test cell with the number 2 is filled into flowerpots with the numbers 3 and 7; the spare soil of the test cell with the number 3 is filled into flowerpots with the numbers 2 and 6; the spare soil of the test cell No. 4 was filled in the flowerpots of the treatment groups No. 4 and No. 8.
Quantitative celery seedlings are transplanted in each pot, 5 celery seedlings are transplanted in each pot in the embodiment of the invention, topdressing is carried out for 1-3 times in the vigorous growth period of celery plants, and the application amount of each topdressing is as follows: 0.50g of compound fertilizer and 0.17g of urea.
The application method of the biological agent comprises the following steps: 5-8, respectively spraying 10ml of diluted 100 times of biological agent in seedling stage and growth stage of celery, wherein the effective viable bacteria concentration in the biological agent sprayed each time is 1 × 10 11 ~ 6×10 12 cfu/ml, when used in batch, the application amount of the biological agent is as follows: 2000 ml/mu.
Table 1: design of experiments
Figure RE-RE-GDA0003849387520000041
Example three:
the influence of different experimental group treatments on the physical and chemical properties of soil, the biomass of celery and the quality of celery is tested, and the method comprises the following steps:
the influence of the treatments of different test groups on the physicochemical properties of the soil is tested, as shown in table 2, the influence of 8 different treatment test groups on the physicochemical properties of the soil is shown, and as can be seen from table 2, the pH values of the groups numbered 2 to 8 after the improvement treatment are obviously increased compared with that of the control group 1, wherein the maximum pH value of the group 3 is 7.23, and the increase is 17.18% compared with that of the control group 1; the pH of the treatment groups 7 and 4 was 7.22, 7.17, which increased 17.0% and 16.2% respectively over control group 1. The conductivity of the group 8 treatment was a minimum of 300.3cS/cm, which is a 65.5% reduction over the control group 1. The nitrate nitrogen content of the group 3 treated by the method is the lowest, is 50.9mg/kg, and is reduced by 59.4 percent compared with the control group 1. The nitrate nitrogen content of the treated group 8 is 76.8mg/kg, which is reduced by 38.7 percent compared with the control group 1.
Table 2: effect of different treatments on the physicochemical Properties of the soil
Processing number pH Conductivity (cS/cm) Nitrate nitrogen (mg/kg)
1 6.17±0.06f 870.3±22.28a 125.3±19.46a
2 6.74±0.02d 633.0±28.58c 58.2±6.33de
3 7.23±0.16a 584.7±7.51d 50.9±14.83e
4 7.05±0.03bc 581.7±34.96 90.6±7.92bc
5 6.44±0.07e 733.3±16.62b 104.8±9.86b
6 6.99±0.09c 546.3±29.30d 65.4±2.13de
7 7.22±0.12a 543.7±31.09d 68.4±10.49de
8 7.17±0.10ab 300.3±15.04e 76.8±7.45cd
The influence of different improvement treatments on the biomass of celery is shown in table 3, the treatment of the group 4 can greatly improve the plant height, stem thickness, fresh weight and dry weight of celery, and the average plant height after the treatment of the group 4 is 32.0cm, stem thickness is 2.7cm, fresh weight is 38.82g and dry weight is 5.78g, which are respectively increased by 16.4%, 92.9%, 230.7% and 312.9% compared with the control group 1.
Table 3: effect of different treatments on celery Biomass
Figure RE-RE-GDA0003849387520000051
Figure RE-RE-GDA0003849387520000061
The influence of different improvement measures on the celery quality is shown in table 4, the content of soluble sugar in the treated group 8 is 10.9 percent at most, and is increased by 299.3 percent compared with the control group 1; the lowest nitrate content of the group 7 treated is 120.9mg/g, which is reduced by 80.8% compared with the group 1. The nitrate content after the treatment of the 8 th group is 122.5 mg/g, which is reduced by 80.6 percent compared with the control group 1.
Table 4: influence of different treatments on celery quality
Processing number Soluble sugar (%) Nitrate (mg/g)
1 2.74±0.14f 630.6±10.03a
2 4.86±0.06d 214.0±10.00c
3 5.37±0.54d 156.4±5.64e
4 8.29±0.72b 190.6±2.69d
5 3.66±0.11e 549.5±11.75b
6 6.97±0.59c 227.0±14.75c
7 6.81±0.53c 120.9±2.07f
8 10.94±0.64a 122.5±2.46f
In the 8 th group of experiments, organic materials and lime nitrogen are treated by combining with a biological pesticide, and biological inoculants are respectively sprayed in the seedling stage and the growth stage of celery, so that the conductivity value and the nitrate nitrogen content in soil can be remarkably reduced, and are reduced by 65.5% and 38.7% compared with the control group 1; the quality and the yield of celery can be remarkably improved, the content of soluble sugar is increased by 299.3% compared with that of a control group 1, and the dry weight of a single celery plant is increased by 312.9%. The nitrate content in the celery after the treatment of the 8 th group is obviously reduced by 80.6 percent compared with that of the control group 1. In conclusion, the group 8 treatment has the best effect on improving the facility celery secondary salinization and improving the celery biomass and quality, and can effectively relieve the celery continuous cropping obstacle.
The continuous cropping celery is reduced in yield due to secondary salinization, plant diseases and insect pests and other problems, the prevention and control measures in the prior art are single, and the occurrence of soil-borne diseases of facility vegetable continuous cropping soil cannot be really and effectively controlled; by combining irrigation with a high-temperature shed-closing method and biological pesticides, the killed microbial community can be quickly recovered, can be converted into anaerobic bacteria beneficial to soil, resists diseases and promotes growth, reduces the soil salt content of a plough layer, kills pathogenic bacteria, effectively relieves the continuous cropping obstacle of celery, and improves the yield and quality of celery.
The invention constructs a comprehensive prevention and control system for continuous cropping obstacles of facility crops, is used for keeping ecological balance of the facility crops, achieves the aims of reducing the input of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, realizing the coordination of high quality and high yield of the facility crops and protecting the ecological environment, and has great practical significance.
The invention sprays biological agent containing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BZ6-1, can effectively kill pathogenic bacteria mainly comprising fungi in soil, and adjust bacterial community structure to be changed from aerobic bacteria to anaerobic bacteria mainly comprising actinomycetes, firmicutes and the like. The soil physical and chemical properties can be improved, including reducing the content of nitrate nitrogen and conductivity value in soil, increasing pH, increasing fresh weight, dry weight and soluble sugar of celery, and reducing the content of nitrate in celery.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A method for relieving soil secondary salinization and continuous cropping obstacles is characterized by comprising the following steps:
collecting soil subjected to secondary salinization, adding lime nitrogen and organic materials into the soil, and uniformly turning over to obtain pretreated soil;
watering the pretreated soil until the humidity of the pretreated soil is 60-70%, covering the film and closing the shed for at least 20 days after the watering is finished, uncovering the film, and airing for at least 5 days to obtain spare soil;
planting crop seeds or crop seedlings on the spare soil;
and respectively spraying the diluted biological agent to the seedling stage and the growth stage of the crops.
2. The method for relieving soil secondary salinization and continuous cropping obstacles of claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the lime nitrogen added to the soil to the organic materials is 1:15 to 20.
3. The method for alleviating soil secondary salinization and continuous cropping obstacles of claim 1, wherein the biological agent comprises bacillus amyloliquefaciens BZ6-1.
4. The method for relieving soil secondary salinization and continuous cropping obstacle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the effective viable bacteria concentration in the biological agent sprayed each time is 1 x 10 11 ~6×10 12 cfu/ml。
5. The method for relieving soil secondary salinization and continuous cropping obstacles of claim 1, wherein the biological agent can produce surfactin, fengycin and iturin.
6. The method for relieving soil secondary salinization and continuous cropping obstacles of claim 1, wherein the total nitrogen content of lime nitrogen is not less than 21%, and the calcium cyanamide is not less than 55%.
7. The method for relieving soil secondary salinization and continuous cropping obstacles of claim 1, wherein the organic material is any one or more of wheat bran, straw, vegetable leaves, and dry branches and fallen leaves.
8. The method for alleviating secondary salinization and continuous cropping obstacles of soil according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein the method is applied to facility crop cultivation.
CN202210815316.0A 2022-07-12 2022-07-12 Method for relieving soil secondary salinization and continuous cropping obstacles and application Pending CN115362781A (en)

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CN110063222A (en) * 2019-05-24 2019-07-30 宁夏农林科学院 Overcome the pepper planting method of greenhouse continuous cropping obstacle
CN111088191A (en) * 2020-01-08 2020-05-01 华东理工大学 Bacillus and trichoderma combined culture method and application
CN112823578A (en) * 2019-11-20 2021-05-21 南平市烟草公司邵武分公司 Soil improvement method for reducing continuous cropping obstacles of crops
CN113200794A (en) * 2021-04-25 2021-08-03 北京比奥瑞生物科技有限公司 Method for improving and repairing soil by using quaternary method

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104145551A (en) * 2014-07-31 2014-11-19 上海市农业技术推广服务中心 Method for improving soil with asparagus succession cropping obstacles
CN104770096A (en) * 2015-04-15 2015-07-15 滨海随耕生态农业有限公司 Continuous cropping obstacle removal method for facility culturing soil
CN105541489A (en) * 2016-01-22 2016-05-04 河北农业大学 Preparation method for organic fertilizer for preventing and treating secondary salinization of solar greenhouse vegetable field
CN106105450A (en) * 2016-06-28 2016-11-16 南京农业大学 Method associated with the soil treatment of a kind of prevention and control crop droop and biological organic fertilizer
CN106831019A (en) * 2017-01-11 2017-06-13 扬州大学 A kind of prevention and controls of solanaceous vegetables soil continuous cropping obstacle
CN109220035A (en) * 2018-08-03 2019-01-18 南京市蔬菜科学研究所 A kind of control method of muskmelon continuous cropping obstacle
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CN109618589A (en) * 2019-01-31 2019-04-16 太仓市农业技术推广中心 A kind of method of soil secondary salinization in improvement facility cultivation
CN110063222A (en) * 2019-05-24 2019-07-30 宁夏农林科学院 Overcome the pepper planting method of greenhouse continuous cropping obstacle
CN112823578A (en) * 2019-11-20 2021-05-21 南平市烟草公司邵武分公司 Soil improvement method for reducing continuous cropping obstacles of crops
CN111088191A (en) * 2020-01-08 2020-05-01 华东理工大学 Bacillus and trichoderma combined culture method and application
CN113200794A (en) * 2021-04-25 2021-08-03 北京比奥瑞生物科技有限公司 Method for improving and repairing soil by using quaternary method

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