CN106831019A - A kind of prevention and controls of solanaceous vegetables soil continuous cropping obstacle - Google Patents
A kind of prevention and controls of solanaceous vegetables soil continuous cropping obstacle Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of prevention and controls of solanaceous vegetables soil continuous cropping obstacle, comprise the following steps：Lain fallow period in greenhouse, lime nitrogen is first spread fertilizer over the fields on soil, turned over and bury, raked, watered, greenhouse is sealed after cover film, temperature is reached more than 60 DEG C, the vexed 25d of canopy suffocating treatment 15；After stifling end, by the 12d of greenhouse ventilation process 8, then using the 1500kghm of bio-bacterial manure 800‑2, and ground ridging is revolved, solanaceous vegetables transplantation of seedlings is entered in greenhouse and overlay film.The present invention significantly reduces the generation of continuous cropping soil soil-borne disease in early stage liming nitrogen by the decomposition of lime nitrogen, improves soil physico-chemical property and biological property.Bio-bacterial manure is applied in planting process, rebuild the soil microenvironment of health, improve soil texture, improve soil organic matter content and improvement salt-soda soil, improved Soil Micro-environment, plant root nutritional sufficiency, root growth is healthy and strong, absorbability enhancing, is rich in nutriment additionally, due to bio-bacterial manure, it is possible to increase quality of agricultural product and yield.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural technology field, and in particular to a kind of prevention and controls of solanaceous vegetables soil continuous cropping obstacle.
Background technology
Continuous cropping obstacle refers to continuous more than two batches plantations same origin or equal crop in same piece of land, even if normal
Cultivation management measure under, plant growing way is died down, yield and quality decline phenomenon.At present, for solanaceous vegetables
The agriculturals such as the main resistant breed of variety of the preventing and treating of continuous cropping soil-borne disease, chemical prevention, biological control and crop rotation, the change of crops are anti-
Control.
Chemical prevention mainly carries out the preventing and treating of soil-borne disease using methods such as soil disinfections, wherein soil disinfection is before cultivation
The conventional measure of solanaceous vegetables soil-borne disease is controlled in production.In recent years, lime nitrogen soil disinfection technology with its efficiently, without dirt
The features such as dye, noresidue, safety, health, gradually paid attention to by scientific research expert.Lime nitrogen, is commonly called as that crow is fertile or black fertilizer, mainly into
It is divided into nitrolim (Calcium Cyanamide, molecular formula：CaCN2), other compositions have calcium oxide and carbon etc..Lime nitrogen
Meeting the intermediate product cyanogen ammonia and dicyandiamide of water decomposition has the killing action of broad spectrum activity to the harmful organism in soil, especially right
Fungal disease effect is more preferable, such as the clubroot of brassicaceous vegetable, the damping-off of spinach, droop of cucumber etc..Donald
Deng and the research such as this high mountain of Zhu find that lime nitrogen has good prevention effect (Donald et al, 2004 to celery cabbage clubroot；Zhu
This high mountain etc., 1995).In the research of cucurbits fusarium wilt, the research of Bourbos (1997) finds, lime nitrogen combination high temperature Exposure to Sunlight
Vexed canopy, the effective killing rate to the sickle-like bacteria in soil can reach more than 99%, in can effectively controlling Cucumber Greenhouse
The generation of droop, solves the continuous cropping obstacle caused due to fusarium wilt in Cucumber Greenhouse.However, chemical disinfection has
The drawbacks of it is inevitable, also kills the beneficial microbe in soil while stifling kill harmful microorganism, and to soil
The restoration of the ecosystem of earth and effect less (Burge, 1988 of improvement soil fertility；Hornby, 1990).
Compared with traditional chemical prophylactico-therapeutic measures, root of the crop is prevented and treated using beneficial microbe (including bacterium, fungi, actinomyces)
Portion's soil-borne disease is not only environmentally safe, it is nontoxic on people and animals, beneficial microbe in soil is not influenceed, use cost compared with
It is low, such as used with high-quality organic fertilizer compatibility, effect will more preferably (remaining vertical cloud etc., 2008).The administration of bio-bacterial manure, not only suppresses soil
The quantity of pathogen is passed, and improves beneficial microorganism quantity.Intelligent grade (2007) research shows Antagonistic Fungi and organic fertilizer
Applying can change Soil Microorganism quantity, and fungi is reduced in making continuous cropping soil, and the quantity of bacterium and actinomyces is
Rise.But, there is not serious soil remediation effect to soil-borne disease preferably in bio-bacterial manure, and soil-borne disease morbidity is serious
The effect on driving birds is not good of geobiont bacterial manure preventing and treating.
In sum, Chemical Physics sterilization has preferable effect to preventing and treating soil-borne disease, but broken to soil microbial community
It is bad more serious, and restoration of the ecosystem to soil and improve soil fertility effect it is little.Biological control soil-borne disease is to compare
Feasible, but more serious continuous cropping soil of falling ill, its prevention effect is general.Find effective solanaceous vegetables soil-borne disease preventing and treating side
Method, builds comprehensive countermeasure system, for effectively keeping the solanaceous vegetables vegetable plot ecological balance, reaches the input for reducing fertilizer and pesticide,
The target that solanaceous vegetables production good quality and high output is mutually coordinated, preserved the ecological environment is realized, is of great immediate significance.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide the solanaceous vegetables soil continuous cropping based on a kind of combined remediation technology by chemical-biological
The prevention and controls of obstacle, the method rebuilds healthy microbiota double effects using lime nitrogen is sterilized with bio-bacterial manure, can
The harmful mushroom of soil and the microecological balance of beneficial mushroom are effectively maintained, soil harmful bacteria biotic population quantity is significantly reduced, from
And play a part of to prevent and treat or reduce soil-borne disease.
Realize that the technical scheme of the object of the invention is as follows：
A kind of prevention and controls of solanaceous vegetables soil continuous cropping obstacle, comprise the following steps：
Step 1, is lain fallow period in greenhouse, and lime nitrogen is spread fertilizer over the fields on soil, turns over bury afterwards, is raked, and is watered, after cover film
Sealing greenhouse, makes temperature reach more than 60 DEG C, vexed canopy suffocating treatment 15-25d；
Step 2, fumigates after terminating, by greenhouse ventilation process 8-12d, then using bio-bacterial manure 800-1500kghm-2,
And ground ridging is revolved, the solanaceous vegetables transplantation of seedlings that will be cultivated in advance enters in greenhouse and overlay film, and described bio-bacterial manure passes through following steps
It is obtained：Antagonistic Fungi BZ6-1 and Promoting bacteria SC-12 are inoculated into LB fluid nutrient mediums respectively, liquid fermentation production is carried out, fermented
Condition is pH 6-7,28-35 DEG C of temperature, mixing speed 200-300rpm, respectively by Antagonistic Fungi BZ6-1 and growth-promoting after fermentation ends
Bacterium SC-12 is inoculated into the pig manure for becoming thoroughly decomposed by the amount of 40L/t and carries out solid fermentation, each turning sooner or later daily in fermentation process
1 time, two kinds of bacterial manure are sufficiently mixed simultaneously after-ripening 4~6 days in equal volume after fermentation ends, that is, are made bio-bacterial manure.
Preferably, in step 1, the described suffocating treatment time is 20d.
Preferably, in step 2, the described ventilation process time is 10d.
Preferably, in step 2, the amount of application of described bio-bacterial manure is 1000kghm-2。
In step 2, described Antagonistic Fungi BZ6-1 is bacillus amyloliquefaciens (Bacillus
Amyloliquefaciens), on January 22nd, 2009 be preserved in China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's common micro-organisms
Center, preserving number is CGMCC NO.2892, and is fully disclosed in Chinese patent application 201010217803.4；Described rush
Raw bacterium SC-12 is stratosphere bacillus (Bacillus stratosphericus), and it is micro- that on May 15th, 2013 is preserved in China
Biological inoculum preservation administration committee common micro-organisms center, preserving number is CGMCC NO.7622, and in Chinese patent application
Fully disclosed in 201310646842.X.
The present invention is carried out disinfection using the decomposition of lime nitrogen before planting, and bio-bacterial manure structure soil is applied during planting
Earth health micro-ecological environment.In early stage liming nitrogen, continuous cropping soil soil-borne disease is significantly reduced by the decomposition of lime nitrogen
Generation, improve soil physico-chemical property and biological property.Bio-bacterial manure is applied in planting process, health is rebuild
Soil microenvironment, improves soil texture, improves soil organic matter content and improvement salt-soda soil, is changed Soil Micro-environment
It is kind, plant root nutritional sufficiency, root growth is healthy and strong, absorbability enhancing, and nutriment, energy are rich in additionally, due to bio-bacterial manure
Enough improve quality of agricultural product and yield.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the influence result figure of different lime nitrogen amounts of application and prevention and controls to capsicum continuous cropping soil urease activity.
Fig. 2 is the influence result figure of different lime nitrogen amounts of application and prevention and controls to capsicum continuous cropping soil sucrase active.
Fig. 3 is the influence result figure of different lime nitrogen amounts of application and prevention and controls to capsicum continuous cropping soil phosphatase activity.
Fig. 4 is the influence result of different lime nitrogen amounts of application and prevention and controls to capsicum continuous cropping soil catalase activity
Figure.
Fig. 5 is the influence result of different lime nitrogen amounts of application and prevention and controls to capsicum continuous cropping soil cellulase activity
Figure.
Fig. 6 is the influence result figure of different lime nitrogen amounts of application and prevention and controls to capsicum continuous cropping soil bacterial number.
Fig. 7 is the influence result figure of different lime nitrogen amounts of application and prevention and controls to capsicum continuous cropping soil fungi.
Fig. 8 is the influence result figure of different lime nitrogen amounts of application and prevention and controls to capsicum continuous cropping soil Population of Actinomycetes.
Fig. 9 is the influence result figure of different lime nitrogen amounts of application and prevention and controls to capsicum continuous cropping soil microorganism carbon amounts.
Figure 10 difference lime nitrogen amounts of application and prevention and controls are to the influence result figure of capsicum continuous cropping soil microbial biomass nitrogen quantity.
Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiment and accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1
Prevent and treat the preparation of the bio-bacterial manure of solanaceous vegetables soil continuous cropping obstacle：
One plant of Antagonistic Fungi BZ6-1 that laboratory is separate is bacillus amyloliquefaciens (Bacillus
Amyloliquefaciens), on January 22nd, 2009 be preserved in China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's common micro-organisms
Center, preserving number is CGMCC NO.2892, and is fully disclosed in Chinese patent application 201010217803.4.One plant of growth-promoting
Bacterium SC-12 is stratosphere bacillus (Bacillus stratosphericus), and on May 15th, 2013 is preserved in Chinese micro- life
Thing culture presevation administration committee common micro-organisms center, preserving number is CGMCC NO.7622, and in Chinese patent application
Fully disclosed in 201310646842.X.
Antagonistic Fungi BZ6-1 and Promoting bacteria SC-12 are inoculated into LB fluid nutrient mediums respectively, liquid fermentation production is carried out,
Fermentation condition：PH 6-7,28-35 DEG C of temperature, 200-300 revs/min of mixing speed, fermentation time 50 hours.Respectively by antagonism
Bacterium BZ6-1 and Promoting bacteria SC-12 is inoculated into the pig manure for becoming thoroughly decomposed according to the amount of 40 liters/ton and carries out solid fermentation, ferments
Each turning sooner or later 1 time daily, ferments 7 days in journey, after by two kinds of bacterial manure according to volume ratio 1:1 is sufficiently mixed simultaneously after-ripening 4~6 days,
It is made bio-bacterial manure.
Test was carried out in 2014 in TianXing village of Rudong County of Nantong City green house of vegetables, was continuous plantation 6 for examination soil
Has there is more obvious continuous cropping obstacle phenomenon in year capsicum soil, the soil.Foundation soil fertility：Content of organic matter 28.90g
kg-1, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 1.22mg g-1, full nitrogen 1.45g kg-1, rapid available phosphorus 65.64mg kg-1, available potassium 168.70mg kg-1、pH
5.40、EC 214μm cm-1.Test process are shown in Table 2.1.Greenhouse 49m long, width 6m.Each zone leader 9m, 3m wide, area 27m2,
Minizone is every 25cm.Experiment RANDOMIZED BLOCK DESIGN, 6 repetitions.Greenhouse lie fallow period, spread fertilizer over the fields lime nitrogen carry out the vexed canopy of high temperature smoke
Steaming is processed.Stifling program:Lime nitrogen spreads fertilizer over the fields, turns over and bury, rake, and waters, cover film, the stifling 20d of sealing greenhouse.After stifling end
Greenhouse ventilation is processed into 30d, then 3 bio-bacterial manure 1000kghm of repetitive administration independent development-2, another 3 repetitive administrations
The common chemical fertilizer of equivalent simultaneously revolves ground ridging, and the Hot Pepper Seedling that will be cultivated in advance is transplanted into each treatment of greenhouse and overlay film.
The test process of table 1
The influence of embodiment 2 different lime nitrogen amounts of application and prevention and controls to capsicum continuous cropping soil physicochemical property
Table 2 is the influence result of different lime nitrogen amounts of application and prevention and controls to capsicum continuous cropping soil physicochemical property.From table 2
Find out, liming nitrogen can improve continuous cropping soil pH, 6.85 risen to from 5.4, and the amount of application with lime nitrogen increasing
Plus and rise.This is can improve soil pH in soil due to, containing about 60% lime, to be imposed in lime nitrogen.There is acceleration using chemical fertilizer
The effect of soil acidification.It can also be seen that compared with the treatment that single lime nitrogen is applied with lime nitrogen and chemical fertilizer from table 2
Capsicum continuous cropping soil organic matter, ammonium nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus and quick-acting can be significantly improved compared with the sterilization of, lime nitrogen and bio-bacterial manure treatment
Potassium content.
The influence of table 2 different lime nitrogen amounts of application and prevention and controls to capsicum continuous cropping soil physicochemical property
The urease activity of embodiment 3 is determined
Take 2g air-dry soil, be put into 50mL triangular flasks, plus 0.5mL toluene.The urea of 5mL 10% is added after 15min
The citrate buffer of solution and 10mL pH6.7.37 DEG C of insulating box culture 24h are put into after shaking up.Filtering, then takes 1mL filters
Liquid is simultaneously injected in 50mL volumetric flasks, adds 4mL phenol sodium solution and 3mL liquor natrii hypochloritises, is shaken up, and starts to show after 20 minutes
In 578nm colorimetric estimation urease activities in color, afterwards constant volume, 1h.Specification Curve of Increasing：The titer 1 of absorption dilution, 3,5,7,
9,11,13mL and 20mL is settled to, afterwards plus 4mL phenol sodium solution and 3mL liquor natrii hypochloritises, shaken up, started after 20 minutes
Develop the color, afterwards constant volume.In 578nm colorimetrics in 1h.And paint standard curve.The NH that urease activity is produced with 1g soil after 24h3- N's
Mg numbers are represented i.e.：NH3In-N (mg)=a*2 formulas, a- searches the NH for drawing from standard curve3The mg numbers of-N, 2- is converted into 1g soil
The coefficient of earth.
Urase is widely existed in bacterium in soil, fungi, algae and higher plant as a kind of ectoenzyme, can
Single-minded forms ammonia and carbon dioxide by hydrolysis of urea.Urase is related to soil organic matter content and soil microbe quantity, is
One of sign of utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer.Fig. 1 is different lime nitrogen amounts of application and prevention and controls to capsicum continuous cropping soil urease activity
Influence result.As shown in Figure 1, lime nitrogen treatment soil urease liveness is above control, and high content lime nitrogen can be significantly improved
Urease activity, from terms of different fertilization, soil urease liveness is improve using bio-bacterial manure treatment, and soil disinfection and
The urease highest of bio-bacterial manure treatment.
The sucrase active of embodiment 4 is determined
Take 2g and air-dry soil, be put into 50mL triangular flasks, plus 6mL 8% sucrose solution, the phosphoric acid of 5mL pH 5.5 delays
Fliud flushing simultaneously adds 5 to drip toluene.Mixture is shaken up, is put into 37 DEG C of constant incubators and is cultivated 24h.Take out, filter immediately.Then take
In filtrate 1mL injection 25mL volumetric flasks, 1.5mL 3 is added, 5- dinitrosalicylic acids are heated 5 minutes, Ran Hou in boiling water bath
Cooled down 3 minutes or so under running water.Solution into showing yellow after 3- amino -5-NITROSALICYLIC ACID, distilled water diluting to 50mL,
508nm colorimetrics on spectrophotometer.Need to do the control without matrix to eliminate error sample.Whole experiment needs are done without soil
Control.Sucrase active is represented i.e. with the mg numbers that 1g soil glucose after 24h is produced：Glucose (mg)=a*4, a- is from mark
Directrix curve searches the mg numbers of the glucose for drawing, 4- is converted into the coefficient of 1g soil.
Soil saccharase to increasing soil in ease of solubility nutriment play an important role, with soil microbe quantity, organic
Matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and soil respiration are slightly relevant, not only, can characterize Soil fertility intensity, it is also possible to used as evaluation soil
One index of amount of cure and soil fertility level.Fig. 2 is different lime nitrogen amounts of application and prevention and controls to capsicum continuous cropping soil
The influence result of earth sucrase active.Fig. 2 shows that the treatment of different amounts lime nitrogen can significantly improve the work of soil saccharase
Property.And amount of application is bigger, soil invertase activity is more improved, soil invertase activity can be made to improve up to more than 50%；And
Compare between different fertilization, to be significantly higher than using bio-bacterial manure treatment effect and be processed using chemical fertilizer.And lime nitrogen sterilization and
Bio-bacterial manure treatment significantly improves sucrase active.
The phosphatase activity of embodiment 5 is determined
Weigh 2.5g and air-dry soil, be put into 50mL triangular flasks, the phosphoric acid of 20mL 0.5% is added after the drop toluene of addition 5
After the sodium solution of benzene two, fully vibration, it is placed in 37 DEG C of constant incubators and cultivates 2h.Take out, filter immediately.Then 5mL filtrates are taken,
Plus 20mL distilled water, then add 0.25mL buffer solutions, 0.5mL 4- amino antipyrine solution, 0.5mL potassium ferricyanide solutions.Shake up
Constant volume, colorimetric after colour developing afterwards.Specification Curve of Increasing：1,3,5,7,9,11,13mL phenol working solutions are taken, in 50mL volumetric flasks, plus
20mL distilled water.Again plus 0.25mL buffer solutions, 0.5mL4- amino antipyrine solution, 0.5mL potassium ferricyanide solutions.After shaking up
Constant volume.Colorimetric in 15min, and paint standard curve.The activity P produced in the 100g soil after 2h of phosphatase2O5ML number tables
Show：P2O5(mg)=a*80*0.32*2.29, in formula, the mg numbers of phenol in a-5mL filtrates；80- is to be when being converted into 100g soil
Number；0.32- with phosphorus be unit Fruiting coefficient；2.29- phosphorus is scaled P2O5Coefficient.
Soil phosphorus loss can accelerate the Threshing injury of organophosphor, and the validity to soil phosphorus plays an important roll, its work
Property can be used as the index for evaluating soil phosphorus bioconversion direction and intensity.Fig. 3 is different lime nitrogen amounts of application and prevention and controls
Influence to capsicum continuous cropping soil phosphatase activity.Fig. 3 shows that different administration amount lime nitrogen has suppression to Available phosphorus
Make and use, and effect difference is not notable between different fertilization, lime nitrogen sterilization and bio-bacterial manure have certain suppression to invertase
Make and use.
The measure of the catalase activity of embodiment 6
Take 2g and air-dry soil, be put into 100mL triangular flasks, add the hydrogen peroxide of 40mL distilled water and 5mL 0.3%
Then be put into triangular flask on reciprocating oscillator by solution, shakes 20min or so and adds the sulfuric acid of 5mL 3N, molten for stablizing
Undecomposed hydrogen peroxide in liquid.Suspension filtering, takes 25mL filtrates in bottle, and rose pink is titrated to the liquor potassic permanganate of 0.1N
Color is terminal (not taking off for 30 seconds).The volume of the potassium permanganate that titration filtrate is consumed is B, the original peroxide for titrating 25mL
The potassium permanganate volume of hydrogen solution consumption is A, and (B-A) * T are the activity of catalase.Consumed with every gram of soil after 20min
The volume (mL) of 0.1N potassium permanganate counts to represent.T represents the correction value of liquor potassic permanganate titer.
Catalase is widely present in soil and in organism, and enzymatic hydrogen peroxide decomposes the poison prevented to organism
Evil effect is related to the content of the soil organism, micro organism quantity.Fig. 4 is different lime nitrogen amounts of application and prevention and controls to capsicum
The influence result of continuous cropping soil catalase activity.As seen from Figure 4, compared with the control, different lime nitrogen amounts of application and apply
The catalase activity of fertilizer treatment has not significant impact.
The cellulase of embodiment 7 is determined
Take 10g and air-dry soil, be put into the triangular flask of 100mL, add addition 5mL acetate salt buffers after 1.5mL toluene
Liquid (pH5.5), adds 1% carboxymethylcellulose calcium 5mL after 15min.Triangular flask is put into 37 DEG C of constant incubators afterwards
Culture 72h, after culture terminates, 100 DEG C of terminating reactions (boiling water bath) is heated to by triangular flask.Adding 0.3g potassium alums afterwards makes
Obtain undecomposed carboxymethylcellulose calcium precipitation.Constant volume in 50mL volumetric flasks is transferred to after filtering.Take 2.5mL this solution be put into it is resistance to
Adduction adds 5mL Onion ketone reagents, 100 DEG C of boiling water bath 10min, last colorimetric in the test tube of heat.The activity 72h of cellulase
The glucose mg of 10g soil generation is represented i.e. afterwards：The glucose mg numbers that M=a*20, a- find from standard curve, 20- points takes
Multiple.
Cellulose is one of important component of carbohydrate that plant residue enters soil, can hydrocellulose formed
Glucose and water, so cellulase is an important enzyme in Carbon cycle.Fig. 5 is different lime nitrogen amounts of application and preventing and treating side
Influence result of the method to capsicum continuous cropping soil cellulase activity.As seen from Figure 5, compared with control group, the stone of different amounts
Grey nitrogen treatment can improve soil xylanase；And activity of soil xylanase is significantly improved using bio-bacterial manure treatment, with
Single treatment is compared, and the sterilization of liming nitrogen and bio-bacterial manure treatment significantly improve cellulase activity.
The micro organism quantity of embodiment 8 is determined
Bacterium uses beef-protein medium, and fungi uses Martin (Martin) culture medium, and actinomyces use and change
Good Gause I culture medium, bacillus uses the nutrient medium culture of 1/2 malt extract medium+1/2, based on dilution-plate method
Suspension is boiled 10min by number, wherein bacillus when separating in 80 DEG C.Nitrobacteria uses nitrite bacteria culture medium, instead
Nitrobacteria uses denitrifying bacteria culture medium, and (Li Zhen is high, 2008) is counted by MPN methods.
Fig. 6 is the influence of different lime nitrogen amounts of application and prevention and controls to capsicum continuous cropping soil bacterial number.Can be with from Fig. 6
Find out, compared with the control, the bacterial number of lime nitrogen treatment is high than compareing in all times.Result shows that lime nitrogen can show
The quantity for improving continuous cropping soil bacterium is write, and bio-bacterial manure is processed and improved significantly, and lime nitrogen sterilization and bio-bacterial manure are processed
The bacterial content for the treatment of be significantly higher than lime nitrogen disinfect with chemical fertilizer treatment, show, bio-bacterial manure be conducive to improve capsicum connect
Make soil bacterial community, improve bacterial populations.
Fig. 7 is the influence of different lime nitrogen amounts of application and prevention and controls to capsicum continuous cropping soil fungi.Can be with from Fig. 7
Find out, lime nitrogen can significantly reduce the quantity of continuous cropping soil fungi, show that lime nitrogen has preferably suppression to soil fungi
Effect, and chemical fertilizer processes fungi also above bio-bacterial manure quantity, lime nitrogen sterilization and bio-bacterial manure treatment fungi are most
It is few, and as lime nitrogen is stronger to fungi suppression using increasing, there are some researches show Solanaceae class continuous cropping obstacle soil is most typical
Feature is exactly fungi type microbiologic population feature, and lime nitrogen sterilization and bio-bacterial manure can effectively suppress fungi.
Fig. 8 is influence of the different lime nitrogen amounts of application to capsicum continuous cropping soil Population of Actinomycetes.As can be seen from Figure 8, with
Control is compared, and lime nitrogen and fertilising can increase the quantity of actinomyces in soil, and lime nitrogen amount of application is bigger, soil actinomycete
Quantity is more, and bio-bacterial manure treatment in addition can also dramatically increase soil actinomycete quantity, lime nitrogen sterilization and bio-bacterial manure treatment
Unwrapping wire bacterial content can be effectively improved.
The measure of the soil microbial biomass of embodiment 9
3 parts of fresh soil (equivalent to dry ground 25g) is weighed to be respectively put into 3 culture dishes.Culture dish is put into vacuum to do
In dry device, and placement fills 2, the 25ml beakers without ethanol chloroform (about 2/3), a small amount of anti-bumping bead is put into beaker, together
When be put into a small beaker for filling dilute NaOH solution, with absorb it is stifling during the CO that discharges2, drier bottom adds few
Amount water is with holding container humidity.Vacuum desiccator lid is covered, is vacuumized with vavuum pump, make chloroform boiling 5min.Close vacuum
Drier valve, in cultivating 24h under 25 DEG C of dark conditions.
After stifling end, and opening vacuum desiccator valve (sound that air enters should be heard, otherwise fumigates incomplete, it is heavy
Do), taking-up fills the small beaker of chloroform (repeatable to utilize) and dilute NaOH solution, cleans drier, and (5 or 6 are vacuumized repeatedly
Secondary, each 3min preferably opens drier lid completely after vacuumizing every time) untill soil is without chloroform taste.Meanwhile, separately
Outer 3 parts of soil for claiming equivalent are placed in another drier, cannot not do stiflingly control treatment.
Taken out from drier stifling and do not fumigate soil sample, soil sample is completely transferred in 200mL vinyl tubes, plus
(soil ratio is 4 to enter 100mL 0.5ml/L potassium sulfate solution (0.5mol/L) solution:1) 300r/min concussions 30min, uses middling speed
Quantitative filter paper is filtered.3 are also set without soil matrix blank simultaneously.Soil extract is analyzed immediately.
Above-mentioned soil extract 10ml is drawn in 150ml digest tubes, 10ml potassium bichromates (0.018mol/ is accurately added
L)-sulfuric acid (12mol/L) mixed liquor, adds 3 ceramics after concentrated hydrochloric acid soaked liquid, (preventing bumping), after mixing
It is placed in oil bath slaking apparatus and boils 10min.Be transferred to after cooling in 150ml triangular flasks, be washed with deionized digest tube 3~
Make liquor capacity about 80ml for 5 times, add the adjacent phenanthrene hello purine indicator of a drop, titrated with 0.05mol/L ferrous sulfate standard liquid,
Solution colour is blue-green by orange color change, then is changed into brownish red i.e. titration end-point.
Microbial biomass C not only itself contains a number of carbon, can more regard an available nutrient deposit carbon as
Storehouse.Microbial biomass carbon can reflect soil nutrient effective condition and bioactivity size, can largely reflect
Soil microbe quantity, and it is very sensitive to soil disturbance, but can not be directly affected by DIC, frequently as soil to ring
The indication index of border response.Lime nitrogen treatment microbial biomass C is can be seen that from Fig. 9 and Figure 10 and Soil microbial nitrogen contains
Amount, and amount of application is bigger, improves more；Compare between different fertilization, bio-bacterial manure treatment is significantly increased than chemical fertilizer, special
Other lime nitrogen consumption is bigger, more notable.And lime nitrogen sterilization and bio-bacterial manure co-administer and Microbial and microorganism nitrogen are carried
It is high more notable.
The investigation of embodiment 10 different lime nitrogen amounts of application and bio-bacterial manure to the bacterial wilt incidence of disease
70 days investigation bacterial wilt incidences are transplanted in capsicum, the incidence of disease, the incidence of disease (%)=(morbidity strain number/total is counted
Strain number) × 100%.
From table 3 it can be seen that the bacterial wilt incidence of disease that chemical fertilizer is respectively processed is all higher than the incidence of disease of bio-bacterial manure treatment, show
With the process of capsicum breeding time, bacterial wilt persistently occurs, and late onset is more serious.The high content lime nitrogen treatment incidence of disease is equal
Substantially less than control treatment, with contrast difference less, and lime nitrogen sterilization and bio-bacterial manure treatment can show low content lime nitrogen
Write the generation for reducing bacterial wilt.
The different lime nitrogen amounts of application of table 3 are to bacterial wilt prevention effect (%)
The influence that the different lime nitrogen amounts of application of embodiment 11 and bio-bacterial manure grow to pepper plant
Each 5 plants of sample for the treatment of, is determined with ruler and slide measure.Plant height is with the height of stem bottommost to growing point
It is accurate.
The influence of table 4 different lime nitrogen amounts of application and bio-bacterial manure to capsicum plant height
As can be seen from Table 4, after the transplanting of chili growth, compared with the control, the biological bacteria on the basis of liming nitrogen
Fertilizer can be effectively promoted the increase of capsicum plant height, and lime nitrogen amount of application is bigger, and facilitation is more notable.But maximum applied
Lime nitrogen quantity and medium consumption effect almost, and will be less than biological organic fertilizer, lime nitrogen sterilization and biology using chemical fertilizer effect
Bacterial manure treatment remarkably promotes the growth of capsicum, and this is relevant containing Promoting bacteria with bio-bacterial manure.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of prevention and controls of solanaceous vegetables soil continuous cropping obstacle, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
Step 1, is lain fallow period in greenhouse, and lime nitrogen is spread fertilizer over the fields on soil, turns over bury afterwards, is raked, and is watered, and is sealed after cover film
Greenhouse, makes temperature reach more than 60 DEG C, vexed canopy suffocating treatment 15-25d；
Step 2, fumigates after terminating, by greenhouse ventilation process 8-12d, then using bio-bacterial manure 800-1500kghm-2, and revolve
Ground ridging, the solanaceous vegetables transplantation of seedlings that will be cultivated in advance enters in greenhouse and overlay film, and described bio-bacterial manure is obtained by following steps：
Antagonistic Fungi BZ6-1 and Promoting bacteria SC-12 are inoculated into LB fluid nutrient mediums respectively, liquid fermentation production, fermentation condition is carried out
It is pH 6-7,28-35 DEG C of temperature, mixing speed 200-300rpm, respectively by Antagonistic Fungi BZ6-1 and Promoting bacteria after fermentation ends
SC-12 is inoculated into the pig manure for becoming thoroughly decomposed by the amount of 40L/t and carries out solid fermentation, each turning 1 sooner or later daily in fermentation process
It is secondary, two kinds of bacterial manure are sufficiently mixed simultaneously after-ripening 4~6 days in equal volume after fermentation ends, that is, it is made bio-bacterial manure.
2. prevention and controls of solanaceous vegetables soil continuous cropping obstacle according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described in step 1
The suffocating treatment time be 20d.
3. prevention and controls of solanaceous vegetables soil continuous cropping obstacle according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described in step 2
The ventilation process time be 10d.
4. prevention and controls of solanaceous vegetables soil continuous cropping obstacle according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described in step 2
Bio-bacterial manure amount of application be 1000kghm-2。
5. prevention and controls of solanaceous vegetables soil continuous cropping obstacle according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described Antagonistic Fungi
BZ6-1 is bacillus amyloliquefaciens (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens), and preserving number is CGMCC NO.2892；It is described
Promoting bacteria SC-12 be stratosphere bacillus (Bacillus stratosphericus), preserving number is CGMCC
NO.7622。
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| CN114847082A (en) * | 2022-06-13 | 2022-08-05 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Method for eliminating continuous cropping obstacles of morchella |
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