CN115005027A

CN115005027A - Method for cultivating hot peppers

Info

Publication number: CN115005027A
Application number: CN202210631240.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘建军
Original assignee: Wuhan Lanshi Agricultural Development Co ltd
Current assignee: Wuhan Lanshi Agricultural Development Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-06-06
Filing date: 2022-06-06
Publication date: 2022-09-06

Abstract

The invention is suitable for the technical field of agricultural planting, and provides a pepper cultivation method, which comprises the following steps: s1, selecting cultivation time: selecting different cultivation time according to different cultivation places; s2, selecting a cultivation site: the sunlight greenhouse, the heat preservation type improved ridge, the plastic greenhouse, the small arched shed can be used for covering with the mulching film and the grass curtain; s3, pepper seed pretreatment: A. selecting pepper seeds: selecting naturally mature, full, complete and undamaged pepper seeds; B. drying pepper seeds: and (4) airing the seeds selected in the step A for 2 days in the sun. According to the pepper cultivation method, the copper sulfate solution in the S3 can kill deadly germs carried on the surfaces of the seeds, so that the survival rate of the seeds is further improved, and then the trisodium phosphate solution and the sodium hydroxide solution can play a role in disinfection and soften the surfaces of the seeds, so that the seeds can absorb external nutrition, and the activity of the seeds is improved.

Description

Method for cultivating hot peppers

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a cultivation method of peppers.

Background

The planting is plant cultivation, including the cultivation of various crops, woods, fruit trees, flowers and plants, medicinal and ornamental plants and the like, including grain crops, economic crops, vegetable crops, green manure crops, feed crops, pastures and the like, and aims to utilize resources to the maximum extent, reduce waste and reduce cost. The planting water quality and the ecological environment are improved by utilizing pollution-free land, water area and natural environment or applying ecological technical measures, planting is carried out according to a special planting mode of the daoyi planting, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, other harmful substances and the like are not used, and the aim is to produce pollution-free green food and organic food.

The pepper is one of the main vegetable crops in China, can be used as a vegetable and a seasoning, is deeply loved by the masses of people, and becomes indispensable food in daily life of people.

However, the pepper sprouts slowly due to the long sprouting period in the cultivation process, the seedling quality of the pepper is seriously affected due to the slow sprouting, and the problems of low sprouting rate, irregular sprouting, weak seedlings and the like of pepper seeds due to pathogenic bacteria in the cultivation process are solved.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a cultivation method of hot peppers, and aims to solve the problems that the germination of hot peppers is delayed due to the long germination period in the cultivation process, the seedling quality of the hot peppers is seriously influenced due to the delayed germination, and the germination rate of hot pepper seeds is low, the germination is irregular, the seedlings are weak and the like due to pathogenic bacteria in the cultivation process.

The invention is realized in such a way that the pepper cultivation method comprises the following steps: s1, selecting cultivation time: selecting different cultivation time according to different cultivation places; s2, selecting a cultivation site: the sunlight greenhouse, the heat preservation type improved ridge, the plastic greenhouse, the small arched shed can be used for covering with the mulching film and the grass curtain; s3, pepper seed pretreatment: A. selecting pepper seeds: selecting naturally mature, full, complete and undamaged pepper seeds; B. drying the pepper seeds: b, placing the seeds subjected to selection in the step A in the sun for airing for 2 days; C. sterilizing pepper seeds: soaking the seeds treated by the B in clear water for 5 hours, taking out the seeds, draining, respectively soaking the seeds in 1% copper sulfate solution, 10% trisodium phosphate solution and 2% sodium hydroxide solution for 10 minutes, and then taking out the seeds and washing the seeds with clear water; s4, pepper seed germination: A. activating seeds: firstly, placing the disinfected seeds in an environment with the temperature of 20-25 ℃ for activation for 2-3 hours; B. accelerating germination of seeds: soaking the seeds treated by the step A in a sodium bicarbonate solution, mixing with fermented soybean powder, and wrapping in a wet cloth; s5, pepper seedling culture: A. selecting a plug tray: selecting a plug tray with the size of 54 multiplied by 28 cm and 72 seedling holes; B. selection of the matrix: prepared by grass carbon, vermiculite and perlite in proportion; C. and (3) plug treatment: filling the substrate into the hole trays to enable the substrate to be equal to the plane of the hole trays in height, stacking and pressing 5 or 10 hole trays in a group until the distance between the hole substrate and the hole surface is 1 cm, putting the pressed hole trays in a seedbed in order, and pouring water on the soles; D. sowing: dividing the seeds treated by the S4 into a plurality of groups, placing 2 to 3 seeds in each group into the holes, and covering the holes with a substrate; s6, pepper planting: digging out pepper seedlings in the hole tray by using a shovel, then digging out small pits on the ground to be planted, and placing the dug-out pepper seedlings in the small pits; s7, periodic observation: and after the pepper seedlings are planted, the pepper seedlings are regularly observed, so that factors such as insect damage, natural disasters and the like are prevented in time.

Preferably, in S1, the sowing period in spring planting is from 1 late month to 2 early months, the planting period is from 3 middle months to 4 early months, the harvesting period is from 5 months to 7 months, the sowing period in autumn planting is from 8 early months, the planting period is 9 months, and the harvesting period is from 10 months to 12 months.

Preferably, the airing temperature in the step S3 is kept between 50 and 70 degrees, and the airing temperature is turned over.

Preferably, the wet cloth wrapping the seeds is placed in a constant temperature environment in the step S4, and the environment temperature is controlled between 5 ℃ and 10 ℃ for 7 days to 9 days.

Preferably, the seedlings can be grown when 70% of the seeds after the S4 treatment are exposed to the white.

Preferably, the grass carbon, the vermiculite and the perlite in the S5 can be used as basic raw materials, and are uniformly mixed with tasteless chicken manure, organic fertilizer and the like to prepare the nutrient soil.

Preferably, in S5, the selected tray may be sterilized with a 0.3% potassium permanganate solution, and the substrate is filled with the sterilized solution after the sterilized solution is dried.

Preferably, in S5, the plug tray after sowing and covering the substrate is sprayed with a small amount of nutrient solution and covered with a mulching film.

Preferably, transplanting is performed in rainy days in the step S6, when pepper seedlings are dug out from the plug tray, a plurality of seedlings are broken, and when pepper seedlings are dug out, the root system is provided with the following soil.

Preferably, the depth of the small hole in the S6 is deeper than the length of the root of the pepper seedling, base fertilizer is placed at the bottom of the small hole, and the soil is lightly pressed and watered after the planting is completed.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the cultivation time and the selection of the field can ensure that the pepper can not grow difficultly due to the environment in the growth process, the moisture in the seeds can be dried by drying the seeds in the air in S3, so that bacteria contained in the moisture are sterilized, the influence of diseases such as anthracnose, epidemic disease, damping-off and the like on the yield and the quality after the pepper is planted is avoided, fatal germs carried on the surfaces of the seeds can be killed by the copper sulfate solution in S3, the survival rate of the seeds is further improved, then the trisodium phosphate solution and the sodium hydroxide solution can play a role in sterilization and soften the epidermis of the seeds so as to facilitate the absorption of the seeds on external nutrition, so that the activity of the seeds is improved, and the seeds can absorb nutritional ingredients such as amino acid, vitamin, polysaccharide and the like in the soybean flour by the sodium bicarbonate solution and the fermented soybean flour in S4, can improve the accumulation of the nutrient components of the seeds and the germination rate and the growth speed.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: a cultivation method of hot pepper comprises the following steps: s1, selecting cultivation time: selecting different cultivation time according to different cultivation places; because the temperature difference of each region is different, the most suitable season is selected.

S2, selecting a cultivation site: the sunlight greenhouse, the heat preservation type improved ridge, the plastic greenhouse, the small arched shed can be used for covering with the mulching film and the grass curtain; the cultivation environment of the hot pepper can be ensured by selecting the field, and the problems of yield and quality caused by environmental factors are avoided.

S3, pepper seed pretreatment: A. selecting pepper seeds: selecting naturally mature, full, complete and undamaged pepper seeds; the selected seeds can improve the quality of the cultivated hot pepper.

B. Drying the pepper seeds: b, placing the seeds subjected to selection in the step A in the sun for airing for 2 days; the seeds can be dried in the sun through airing, so that bacteria contained in the water are sterilized, and the influence of diseases such as anthracnose, epidemic disease, damping-off and the like on the yield and the quality after the pepper is planted is avoided.

C. Sterilizing pepper seeds: soaking the seeds treated by the B in clear water for 5 hours, taking out the seeds, draining, respectively soaking the seeds in 1% copper sulfate solution, 10% trisodium phosphate solution and 2% sodium hydroxide solution for 10 minutes, and then taking out the seeds and washing the seeds with clear water;

the copper sulfate solution in the S3 can kill the deadly germs carried on the surface of the seeds, further improve the survival amount of the seeds, and then the trisodium phosphate solution and the sodium hydroxide solution can play a role in disinfection and soften the epidermis of the seeds so as to facilitate the absorption of the seeds on external nutrition, thereby improving the activity of the seeds.

S4, pepper seed germination: A. seed activation: firstly, placing the disinfected seeds in an environment with the temperature of 20-25 ℃ for activation for 2-3 hours; B. accelerating germination of seeds: soaking the seeds treated by the step A in a sodium bicarbonate solution, mixing with fermented soybean powder, and wrapping in a wet cloth;

the sodium bicarbonate solution and fermented soybean powder in S4 can make the seeds absorb amino acids, vitamins, polysaccharides, etc., and can improve the accumulation of nutrients in the seeds, and improve germination rate and growth speed

S5, pepper seedling culture: A. selecting a plug tray: selecting a plug tray with the size of 54 x 28 cm and 72 seedling holes; B. selection of the matrix: prepared by mixing grass carbon, vermiculite and perlite; the soil can have better nutrition through the selection of the substrate, so that the seeds can better survive in the period of raising the seedlings.

C. And (3) plug treatment: filling the substrate into the hole trays to enable the substrate to be equal to the plane of the hole trays in height, stacking and pressing 5 or 10 hole trays in a group until the distance between the hole substrate and the hole surface is 1 cm, putting the pressed hole trays in a seedbed in order, and pouring water on the soles; D. sowing: dividing the seeds treated by the S4 into a plurality of groups, placing 2 to 3 seeds in each group into the holes, and covering the holes with a substrate;

s6, pepper planting: digging out pepper seedlings in the hole tray by using a shovel, then digging out small pits on the ground to be planted, and placing the dug-out pepper seedlings in the small pits; s7, periodic observation: and after the pepper seedlings are planted, the pepper seedlings are regularly observed, so that factors such as insect damage, natural disasters and the like are prevented in time.

Further, in S1, the sowing period in spring planting is from late 1 month to late 2 months, the planting period is from middle 3 months to late 4 months, the harvesting period is from 5 months to 7 months, the sowing period in autumn planting is from late 8 months, the planting period is 9 months, and the harvesting period is from 10 months to 12 months.

In the embodiment, because the hot pepper is hot, the yield and the quality are improved under the condition that the permanent planting period is ensured to be hotter and warmer.

Further, the airing temperature in the step S3 is kept between 50 and 70 ℃, and the airing temperature is turned over.

In the embodiment, the seeds can be aired in all aspects by turning, and the seeds can be prevented from being different due to overlarge differences of airing temperatures by controlling the temperature.

Further, in the step S4, the wet cloth wrapping the seeds is placed in a constant temperature environment, and the environment temperature is controlled between 5 degrees and 10 degrees for 7 days to 9 days.

In this embodiment, the activity of the seeds can be improved by using the wet cloth in a constant temperature environment, and the wet water in the wet cloth can be absorbed.

Further, the seedlings can be grown when 70% of the seeds treated by the S4 are exposed to the white.

In this embodiment, the seeds are prevented from being removed too early or too late, which affects the yield of the seeds.

Furthermore, the grass carbon, the vermiculite and the perlite in the S5 can be used as basic raw materials, and odorless chicken manure, organic fertilizer and the like are added and uniformly mixed to prepare the nutrient soil.

In this embodiment, can guarantee through the setting of nutrition soil that the nutrition of seed is even in the cave dish, avoid appearing sprouting untidy and the low problem of germination rate.

Further, in S5, the selected tray may be sterilized with a 0.3% potassium permanganate solution, and the substrate is filled with the sterilized solution after the sterilized solution is dried.

In this embodiment, utilize potassium permanganate solution can disinfect the cave dish to avoid the germ that the cave dish carried to influence the survival rate of seed.

Further, in S5, a small amount of nutrient solution may be sprayed to the plug tray after sowing and covering the substrate, and a mulching film may be covered.

In the embodiment, the nutrition of the seedlings in the growth process can be ensured by spraying the nutrient solution, and the problem of weak seedlings caused by nutrient deficiency is avoided.

Further, transplanting in rainy days is selected in S6, when pepper seedlings are dug out from the hole tray, a plurality of seedlings are broken off, and when the pepper seedlings are dug out, the root systems have the following soil.

In the embodiment, the transplanting can be easily performed in rainy days, so that the seedling roots and the soil can be fully combined into a whole, and the survival growth is facilitated.

Further, the depth of the small hole in the S6 is deeper than the length of the root of the pepper seedling, base fertilizer is placed at the bottom of the small hole, and the soil is lightly pressed and watered after the planting is finished.

In the embodiment, the base fertilizer can ensure the nutrition of the pepper growing in the soil, and the pepper seedlings can be stably planted in the soil after the soil is lightly pressed.

The working principle and the using process of the invention are as follows: the method comprises the following steps of selecting cultivation time, selecting a cultivation field, pretreating pepper seeds, accelerating germination of the pepper seeds, growing pepper seedlings, planting pepper and observing the pepper seeds at regular intervals.

The present invention is not limited to the above preferred embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cultivation method of hot pepper is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

s1, selecting cultivation time: selecting different cultivation time according to different cultivation places;

s2, selecting a cultivation site: selecting a sunlight greenhouse, a heat preservation type improved ridge, a plastic greenhouse, a small arched shed, a plastic film mulching and a grass curtain;

s3, pepper seed pretreatment:

A. selecting pepper seeds: selecting naturally mature, full, complete and undamaged pepper seeds;

B. drying the pepper seeds: b, placing the seeds subjected to selection in the step A in the sun for airing for 2 days;

s4, pepper seed germination:

A. seed activation: firstly, placing the disinfected seeds in an environment with the temperature of 20-25 ℃ for activation for 2-3 hours;

B. accelerating germination of seeds: soaking the seeds treated by the step A in a sodium bicarbonate solution, mixing with fermented soybean powder, and wrapping in a wet cloth;

s5, pepper seedling culture:

A. selecting a plug tray: selecting a plug tray with the size of 54 x 28 cm and 72 seedling holes;

B. selection of the matrix: prepared by grass carbon, vermiculite and perlite in proportion;

C. and (3) plug treatment: filling the substrate into the plug tray to enable the substrate to be equal to the plane of the plug tray in height, stacking and pressing 5 or 10 plug trays in a group until the distance between the substrate of the plug hole and the plug tray is 1 cm, regularly placing the pressed plug trays in a seedbed, and watering the soles;

D. sowing: dividing the seeds treated by the S4 into a plurality of groups, placing 2 to 3 seeds in each group into the holes, and covering the holes with a substrate;

s6, pepper planting: digging out pepper seedlings in the hole tray by using a shovel, then digging out small pits on the ground to be planted, and placing the dug-out pepper seedlings in the small pits;

s7, periodic observation: and after the pepper seedlings are planted, the pepper seedlings are regularly observed, so that factors such as insect damage, natural disasters and the like are prevented in time.

2. A method of cultivating pepper as claimed in claim 1, wherein: s1 the sowing period of spring planting is from 1 late month to 2 early months, the planting period is from 3 middle ten days to 4 early months, the harvesting period is 5-7 months, the sowing period of autumn planting is from 8 early months, the planting period is 9 months, and the harvesting period is 10-12 months.

3. A method of cultivating pepper as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and in the S3, the airing temperature is kept between 50 and 70 ℃, and the airing is turned over.

4. A method of cultivating pepper as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step S4, the wet cloth wrapped around the seeds is placed in a constant temperature environment, and the temperature of the environment is controlled between 5 ℃ and 10 ℃ for 7 days to 9 days.

5. The method for cultivating pepper as claimed in claim 4, wherein: and (4) breeding the seeds after the S4 treatment when 70% of the seeds are exposed to the white.

6. The method for cultivating capsicum annuum according to claim 1, wherein the culture method comprises the following steps: the basic raw materials of the substrate in the S5 are grass peat, vermiculite and perlite, and are supplemented with tasteless chicken manure, organic fertilizer and the like and uniformly mixed to prepare the nutrient soil.

7. A method of cultivating pepper as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and in the S5, the selected hole tray is sterilized by using a potassium permanganate solution with the concentration of 0.3%, and the substrate is filled after the sterilizing solution is dried.

8. A method of cultivating pepper as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step S5, a small amount of nutrient solution can be sprayed on the plug tray which is sowed and covered with the substrate, and a mulching film is covered.

9. A method of cultivating pepper as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and S6, transplanting in rainy days, breaking off multiple seedlings when digging out pepper seedlings from the hole tray, and enabling root systems to have soil when digging out the pepper seedlings.

10. A method of cultivating pepper as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and the depth of the small hole in the S6 is greater than the length of the root of the pepper seedling, base fertilizer is placed at the bottom of the small hole, and the soil is lightly pressed and watered after the planting is finished.