CN105284357A - Method for multicropping leguminous green manure crop in wheat field - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
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Abstract
The invention mainly belongs to the technical field of crop planting, and particularly relates to a method for multicropping a leguminous green manure crop in a wheat field. The method for multicropping the leguminous green manure crop in the wheat field comprises the steps of: soil preparation, sowing, turning of the leguminous green manure crop and sowing of later-crop winter wheat. The method for multicropping the leguminous green manure crop in the wheat field specifically comprises: after harvesting previous-crop winter wheat, suddenly sowing the leguminous green manure crop while soil is moist, wherein the sowed leguminous green manure crop is a mung bean species or a soybean species; and when the leguminous green manure crop grows to a full-blossom period, turning the leguminous green manure crop as a fertilizer. The method provided by the invention can be used for quickly fertilizing soil, effectively reducing the use level of chemical nitrogen fertilizers, and remarkably improving the utilization ratio of chemical fertilizers.
Description
Technical field
The present invention mainly belongs to proportion of crop planting technical field, is specifically related to a kind of method of wheatland multiple cropping leguminous greenmanuring crop.
Background technology
China's soil plough horizon content of organic matter is generally between 5 ~ 50g/kg, but some Soils In The Region topsoil content of organic matter is lower, such as NORTHWEST CHINA Soils In The Region topsoil content of organic matter major part, at about 10g/kg, belongs to the main area of low fertility soil.Wherein, Loess Plateau farmland has 2/3rds its top layer (0 ~ 10cm) contents of organic matter lower than 10g/kg, and other 1/3rd soil organic matter also only have 10 ~ 15g/kg.
Winter wheat is important cereal crops, and in the area of soil depletion, drought, Production of Winter Wheat level is in the low and situation of shakiness always.Traditionally, in order to the method improving winter wheat yields improves the consumption of chemical fertilizer often, but the amount of application improving chemical fertilizer can cause production cost to improve on the one hand, also can cause potential environmental problem on the other hand.
Green manure is the green plants body being used as fertilizer, is a kind of nutrient biological source of manure completely.Plant green manure and be not only a kind of effective ways increasing the source of manure, and also have very large effect to improvement soil.Green manure can provide abundant nutrient for soil, difficultly soluble nutrient in soil can be made to transform, can improve the physical and chemical character of soil and promote the activity of edaphon, but wants the production-increasing function giving full play to green manure, must accomplish reasonably to plant.
For the research of wheatland multiple cropping leguminous greenmanuring crop technology, unusual imperfection so far, does not form ripe technological means.
Summary of the invention
Yield poorly for the fertile Winter Wheat Planted of low fertility soil and the present situation of unstable situation, applying quantity of chemical fertilizer increase production cost, the invention provides a kind of method of wheatland multiple cropping leguminous greenmanuring crop, the present invention turns over technology by plantation leguminous greenmanuring crop, improvement leguminous greenmanuring crop, and introduce the use of bacillus subtilis, achieve Study on Fertilizing dryland soil, reduce the object of rear stubble winter wheat chemical nitrogen fertilizer amount of application.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
A kind of method of wheatland multiple cropping leguminous greenmanuring crop, the method of described wheatland multiple cropping leguminous greenmanuring crop comprises wholely, sow, leguminous greenmanuring crop turns over and rear stubble winter wheat sowing step, the method of described wheatland multiple cropping leguminous greenmanuring crop is specifically: sowing leguminous greenmanuring crop of losing no time in sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil after front stubble winter wheat results, the described leguminous greenmanuring crop of sowing is mung bean variety or soybean varieties, after described leguminous greenmanuring crop grows to full-bloom stage, described leguminous greenmanuring crop is turned over as green manure.
Further, the described soybean varieties in leguminous greenmanuring crop is the one that Changwu cherishes in beans or wheat black soya bean.
Further, the method for described wheatland multiple cropping leguminous greenmanuring crop specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) wholely: when front stubble winter wheat gathers in the crops laggard robbing wholely, during whole ground, middle fertility and medium above plot, do not apply fertilizer; If the soil fertility in described plot is low, use 24 ~ 40 kilograms of superphosphate for every mu;
(2) sow: sowing leguminous greenmanuring crop, the sowing time of described leguminous greenmanuring crop is annual mid or late June, seeding method be broadcast sowing, any one in drilling and no-tillage Direct seed;
(3) leguminous greenmanuring crop turns over: the mode that turns over of described leguminous greenmanuring crop comprises two kinds: one and directly turned over as fertilizer when described leguminous greenmanuring crop is in full-bloom stage, and the time of turning over is 30 ~ 40 days before rear stubble winter wheat sowing; Two is that the acrial part cradling described leguminous greenmanuring crop for 30 ~ 40 days before rear stubble winter wheat sowing is covered earth's surface, within 1 ~ 10 day, is turned over as green manure before after planting stubble winter wheat;
(4) stubble winter wheat sowing afterwards: stubble winter wheat after plantation, in rear stubble winter wheat planting process, the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer reduces 10% ~ 30% than conventional amount of application.
Further, rotovator is used to turn over stubble-cleaning in step (1) whole ground step.
Further, step (1) is replaced with and does not turn over after winter wheat results, retain the stubble-field after harvesting wheat.
Further, when in step (2), seeding method is drilling, line-spacing 20 ~ 25 centimetres, seed level 3 ~ 5 centimetres.
Further, when in step (2), seeding method is drilling, the plot seed level of soil moisture content difference is set to 5 ~ 7 centimetres.
Further, when in step (2), seeding method is drilling, the seeding quantity of different leguminous greenmanuring crop is respectively: 30 ~ 45 kilograms/hectare, mung bean, bosom, Changwu beans 75 ~ 90 kilograms/hectare, rye beans 105 ~ 120 kg/hectare.
Further, turn in process in step (3) leguminous greenmanuring crop, the distance controlling described leguminous greenmanuring crop distance earth's surface is 20 ~ 30cm.
Further, turn in process in step (3) leguminous greenmanuring crop, before turning over, bacillus subtilis bacterium liquid is evenly sprayed on the blade face of described leguminous greenmanuring crop, and in described bacillus subtilis bacterium liquid, total viable count is more than 2,000,000,000/ml.
Advantageous Effects of the present invention:
(1) the present invention can significantly improve Wheat Growing Soils fertility level by planting and turning over leguminous greenmanuring crop, with do not plant compared with green manure, soil organic matter content improves 8% ~ 15%, total nitrogen content improves 11% ~ 14%, chemical nitrogen fertilizer amount of application can reduce 10% ~ 30%, in the time that precipitation is abundant, the wheatland winter wheat yields of multiple cropping green manure improves more than 10%;
(2) by controlling the distance turning over rear described leguminous greenmanuring crop distance earth's surface, both ensure that the plantation of described leguminous greenmanuring crop can not affect the growth of rear stubble winter wheat, simultaneously this distance ensure that rear stubble winter wheat can make full use of described leguminous greenmanuring crop abundant nutrient is provided.
(3) the present invention sprays bacillus subtilis bacterium liquid before described leguminous greenmanuring crop turns over, bacillus subtilis has the ability improving crop disease-resistant, cold-resistant, drought resisting, and the structure of soil nutrient, improvement soil can be improved, soil with organic matter can also be resolved into humus; Therefore, under the assistance of bacillus subtilis, described leguminous greenmanuring crop can be generated humus by fast degradation, stimulates the growth of crop.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1: the method schematic diagram of a kind of wheatland multiple cropping leguminous greenmanuring crop.
Embodiment
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly understand, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is explained in further detail.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only for explaining the present invention, being not intended to limit the present invention.
On the contrary, the present invention is contained any by the substituting of making on marrow of the present invention and scope of defining of claim, amendment, equivalent method and scheme.Further, in order to make the public have a better understanding to the present invention, in hereafter details of the present invention being described, detailedly describe some specific detail sections.Do not have the description of these detail sections can understand the present invention completely for a person skilled in the art yet.
embodiment 1
Changwu County of Shaanxi Province rain is selected to support wheatland production area---it is experimental field that about the 1000 mu rain in Shi Lipu village support wheatland.
Select suitable soybean varieties---bosom, Changwu beans, bosom, Changwu beans be in Changwu County of Shaanxi Province, Bin County and Lingtai County, Gansu Province and surrounding area thereof the soybean varieties of extensively planting, sow after general mid or late June harvesting wheat, mid or late October gathers in the crops.Plant height 60 cm, leaf look dark green, and palm fibre is fine and soft, spends in vain, 110 ~ 120 days breeding times, seed coffee color-brownish red, ellipse, 100-grain weight 10 ~ 12g.
The method of the present embodiment wheatland multiple cropping leguminous greenmanuring crop is lost no time in sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil sowing after front stubble winter wheat results, described in sowing of losing no time in sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil be that when taking advantage of ground moistening, assault is sowed, specifically comprise the following steps (as shown in Figure 1):
(1) wholely: general in mid-June, front stubble winter wheat results are laggard robs moisture in the soil wholely, and use rotovator to turn over stubble-cleaning, local soil organic matter content is 10g/kg after measured, belongs to the soil that fertility is poor, so every mu is used 24 kilograms of superphosphate;
(2) sow: bosom, sowing Changwu beans, the sowing time is annual mid or late June, the latest earlier than July 1, seeding method is drilling, line-spacing 20 ~ 25 centimetres, seed level 3 ~ 5 centimetres, can be set to 5 ~ 7 centimetres at the plot seed level of soil moisture content difference, seeding quantity is 75 ~ 90 kilograms/hectare; Seeding method of the present invention, sowing time and seeding quantity ensure that the emergence rate of leguminous greenmanuring crop, and the seeding quantity of 75 ~ 90 kilograms/hectare can ensure that the Basic Seedling of per hectare is 45 ~ 750,000.
(3) leguminous greenmanuring crop turns over: directly turn over when bosom, Changwu beans are in full-bloom stage in mid-August; If green manure growing period rainfall lower than long-term average rainfall more than 15% time should turn over for 30 ~ 40 days before wheat cultivation; If rainfall with over the years average quite or rainfall is abundant time be engraved in Wheat Sowing before within 2 ~ 3 weeks, turn over, the above-mentioned selection turning over the time ensure that the growth of described green manure, ensures to provide sufficient organic matter to rear stubble winter wheat; After turning over, the distance on described leguminous greenmanuring crop distance earth's surface is 20 ~ 30cm, both ensure that the plantation of described leguminous greenmanuring crop can not affect the growth of rear stubble winter wheat, simultaneously this distance ensure that rear stubble winter wheat can make full use of described leguminous greenmanuring crop abundant nutrient is provided.
Meanwhile, turn in front 1 ~ 4h, bacillus subtilis bacterium liquid is evenly sprayed on the blade face of described leguminous greenmanuring crop, and in described bacillus subtilis bacterium liquid, total viable count is more than 2,000,000,000/ml; Under the assistance of bacillus subtilis, described leguminous greenmanuring crop can be generated humus by fast degradation, stimulates the growth of crop; Bacillus subtilis can improve crop disease-resistant, cold-resistant, drought-resistant ability simultaneously, increases soil nutrient, improvement soil structure, improves chemical fertilizer utilization ratio, impel the organic matter decomposition in soil to become humus, stimulate plant growth.
(4) stubble winter wheat sowing afterwards: after planting during stubble winter wheat, be 40 ~ 60Kg/ mu than general planting method Shaoshi nitrogenous fertilizer 20% ~ 30%(general planting method amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer), (general planting method Phosphorus fertilizer usage is 30 ~ 50Kg/ mu to the same conventional amount used of phosphorus potash fertilizer; General planting method K Amounts is 10 ~ 20Kg/ mu); Inclined nonirrigated farmland district, nitrogenous fertilizer do base manure before Wheat Sowing with phosphorus, potash fertilizer simultaneously applied once; The larger regional nitrogenous fertilizer of rainfall probability in spring can application in two dressings, and base manure accounts for 80%, other 20% wheat turn green-shooting stage imposes with rain.After in the present embodiment in stubble winter wheat planting process nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer amount of application and ensure that rear stubble winter wheat has sufficient nutrient supply service time, and the fertilizer type supplied is complete, ensure that the growth of rear stubble winter wheat.
Adopt this technology, not only can reduce nitrogen fertilizer amount, Upland Wheat Field soil of simultaneously fostering and apply fertilizer, improves soil physical and chemical property, this test village has carried out 7 years nonirrigated farmland growing after wheat leguminous greenmanuring crop production technologies.
embodiment 2
Yongshou County, Shaanxi Province rain is selected to support wheatland production area---it is experimental field that about the 1000 mu rain in imperial carriage palace village support wheatland.
Select soybean varieties---the rye beans of suitable planting.
The method of the present embodiment wheatland multiple cropping leguminous greenmanuring crop specifically comprises the following steps (as shown in Figure 1):
(1) wholely: general in late June, front stubble winter wheat results are laggard robs moisture in the soil wholely, and use rotovator to turn over stubble-cleaning, local soil organic matter content is 6g/kg after measured, lower than 10g/kg, belongs to low fertility soil, so every mu is used 40 kilograms of superphosphate;
This step can also replace with: do not turn over after winter wheat results, retain the stubble-field after harvesting wheat.
(2) sow: bosom, sowing Changwu beans, the sowing time is annual mid-June, seeding method be broadcast sowing, any one in drilling and no-tillage Direct seed; If be drilling, line-spacing 20 ~ 25 centimetres, seed level 3 ~ 5 centimetres.
(3) leguminous greenmanuring crop turns over: in mid-August, directly turns over when rye beans are in full-bloom stage, green manure growing period rainfall lower than long-term average rainfall more than 15% time within first 1 month, should turn at Wheat Sowing; Rainfall with over the years average quite or rainfall is abundant time be engraved in Wheat Sowing before within 2 ~ 3 weeks, turn over.
(4) stubble winter wheat sowing afterwards: after planting during stubble winter wheat, be 40 ~ 60Kg/ mu than general planting method Shaoshi nitrogenous fertilizer 20% ~ 30%(general planting method amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer), (general planting method Phosphorus fertilizer usage is 30 ~ 50Kg/ mu to the same conventional amount used of phosphorus potash fertilizer; General planting method K Amounts is 10 ~ 20Kg/ mu); Inclined nonirrigated farmland district, nitrogenous fertilizer do base manure before Wheat Sowing with phosphorus, potash fertilizer simultaneously applied once; The larger regional nitrogenous fertilizer of rainfall probability in spring can application in two dressings, and base manure accounts for 80%, other 20% wheat turn green-shooting stage imposes with rain.
Adopt this technology, not only can reduce nitrogen fertilizer amount, Upland Wheat Field soil of simultaneously fostering and apply fertilizer, improves soil physical and chemical property, this test village has carried out 5 years nonirrigated farmland growing after wheat leguminous greenmanuring crop production technologies.
Claims (10)
1. the method for a wheatland multiple cropping leguminous greenmanuring crop, the method of described wheatland multiple cropping leguminous greenmanuring crop comprises wholely, sow, leguminous greenmanuring crop turns over and rear stubble winter wheat sowing step, it is characterized in that, the method of described wheatland multiple cropping leguminous greenmanuring crop is specifically: sowing leguminous greenmanuring crop of losing no time in sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil after front stubble winter wheat results, the described leguminous greenmanuring crop of sowing is mung bean variety or soybean varieties, after described leguminous greenmanuring crop grows to full-bloom stage, described leguminous greenmanuring crop is turned over as green manure.
2. the method for a kind of wheatland multiple cropping leguminous greenmanuring crop according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the described soybean varieties in leguminous greenmanuring crop is the one in Changwu bosom beans or wheat black soya bean.
3. the method for a kind of wheatland multiple cropping leguminous greenmanuring crop according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the method for described wheatland multiple cropping leguminous greenmanuring crop specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) wholely: when front stubble winter wheat gathers in the crops laggard robbing wholely, during whole ground, middle fertility and medium above plot, do not apply fertilizer; If the soil fertility in described plot is low, use 24 ~ 40 kilograms of superphosphate for every mu;
(2) sow: sowing leguminous greenmanuring crop, the sowing time of described leguminous greenmanuring crop is annual mid or late June, seeding method be broadcast sowing, any one in drilling and no-tillage Direct seed;
(3) leguminous greenmanuring crop turns over: the mode that turns over of described leguminous greenmanuring crop comprises two kinds: one and directly turned over as fertilizer when described leguminous greenmanuring crop is in full-bloom stage, and the time of turning over is 30 ~ 40 days before rear stubble winter wheat sowing; Two is that the acrial part cradling described leguminous greenmanuring crop for 30 ~ 40 days before rear stubble winter wheat sowing is covered earth's surface, within 1 ~ 10 day, is turned over as green manure before after planting stubble winter wheat;
(4) stubble winter wheat sowing afterwards: stubble winter wheat after plantation, in rear stubble winter wheat planting process, the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer reduces 10% ~ 30% than conventional amount of application.
4. the method for a kind of wheatland multiple cropping leguminous greenmanuring crop according to claim 3, is characterized in that, uses rotovator to turn over stubble-cleaning in step (1) whole ground step.
5. the method for a kind of wheatland multiple cropping leguminous greenmanuring crop according to claim 3, is characterized in that, step (1) is replaced with and does not turn over after winter wheat results, retain the stubble-field after harvesting wheat.
6. the method for a kind of wheatland multiple cropping leguminous greenmanuring crop according to claim 3, is characterized in that, when in step (2), seeding method is drilling, and line-spacing 20 ~ 25 centimetres, seed level 3 ~ 5 centimetres.
7. the method for a kind of wheatland multiple cropping leguminous greenmanuring crop according to claim 6, is characterized in that, when in step (2), seeding method is drilling, the plot seed level of soil moisture content difference is set to 5 ~ 7 centimetres.
8. the method for a kind of wheatland multiple cropping leguminous greenmanuring crop according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, when in step (2), seeding method is drilling, the seeding quantity of different leguminous greenmanuring crop is respectively: 30 ~ 45 kilograms/hectare, mung bean, bosom, Changwu beans 75 ~ 90 kilograms/hectare, rye beans 105 ~ 120 kg/hectare.
9. the method for a kind of wheatland multiple cropping leguminous greenmanuring crop according to claim 3, is characterized in that, turn in process in step (3) leguminous greenmanuring crop, and the distance controlling described leguminous greenmanuring crop distance earth's surface is 20 ~ 30cm.
10. the method for a kind of wheatland multiple cropping leguminous greenmanuring crop according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, turn in process in step (3) leguminous greenmanuring crop, before turning over, bacillus subtilis bacterium liquid is evenly sprayed on the blade face of described leguminous greenmanuring crop, and in described bacillus subtilis bacterium liquid, total viable count is more than 2,000,000,000/ml.
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| CN106818174A (en) * | 2017-01-25 | 2017-06-13 | 上海百泉生物技术有限公司 | A kind of organic implantation methods of crops of the two crops a year that crop makees altogether with green manure |
| CN107135801A (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2017-09-08 | 山东省花生研究所 | It is a kind of to prevent the implantation methods of Spring Peanut continuous cropping obstacle |
| CN107509509A (en) * | 2017-08-29 | 2017-12-26 | 山东省花生研究所 | A kind of wheat Green manuring method |
| CN108419632A (en) * | 2018-03-07 | 2018-08-21 | 贵州省土壤肥料研究所 | The method of milpa crop rotation green manure crop |
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| CN109618589A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-04-16 | 太仓市农业技术推广中心 | A kind of method of soil secondary salinization in improvement facility cultivation |
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| CN109717023A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-05-07 | 西北农林科技大学 | A kind of method of green manure-wheat crop rotation production zinc-rich wheat |
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