CN114568233A - Method for improving farmland soil fertility of winter wheat - Google Patents
Method for improving farmland soil fertility of winter wheat Download PDFInfo
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- CN114568233A CN114568233A CN202210276724.3A CN202210276724A CN114568233A CN 114568233 A CN114568233 A CN 114568233A CN 202210276724 A CN202210276724 A CN 202210276724A CN 114568233 A CN114568233 A CN 114568233A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/15—Leaf crops, e.g. lettuce or spinach
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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Abstract
The invention discloses a farmland fertility betterment method for winter wheat, which comprises the following steps: s1: in the middle ten days of June, after winter wheat is planted and harvested, turning the farmland into four areas with equal areas; s2: detecting the moisture content of the four areas, and controlling the moisture content to be 10-20%; s3: in late June, different kinds of green manure plants are planted in four areas, and gaps for planting winter wheat are reserved between any two adjacent rows of green manure plants; s4: in the first ten days of October, sowing the winter wheat in the four areas respectively, and planting the winter wheat in the middle of the gap between two rows of green manure plants; s5: after the winter wheat is planted, the rain collection and irrigation mode is adopted for each area regularly to supplement water properly in the growth period of the winter wheat; s6: after winter wheat is harvested in the second year, different kinds of green manure varieties are alternately planted in the area A, the area B, the area C and the area D.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of winter wheat planting, and particularly relates to a farmland fertility fertilizing method for winter wheat.
Background
The soil fertility improvement refers to a process of constructing a good soil body, cultivating a fertile plough layer and improving soil fertility and productivity through human production activities. The combination of land utilization and soil cultivation, and the combination of fertility decline prevention and soil treatment are the basic principles of soil fertility improvement.
The existing winter wheat is usually planted according to seasonality, soil is turned and leveled and chemical fertilizers are thrown before planting, the problems of soil hardening and insufficient soil fertility are solved, however, the chemical fertilizers are always put in, if excessive nitrogen fertilizers cause overlarge cell growth, thin cell walls, juicy cells, soft plants and easy mechanical damage and germ invasion, in addition, a large amount of carbohydrates are consumed by excessive nitrogen, the product quality of crops can be influenced, the biological diversity is reduced, the soil hardening is easy to occur, and the air permeability is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a farmland fertility fertilizing method for winter wheat, which is characterized in that another plant with multiple functions of nitrogen fixation and the like is planted at the early stage of winter wheat planting on the premise of not influencing winter wheat seeding and growth and development, the plant finishes the growth and development process along with the coming of winter, so that a large amount of biomass is provided to cover the ground surface, and meanwhile, a certain amount of nutrient substances such as nitrogen and the like are fixed on a root system, so that the aims of providing plant nutrients, reducing fertilizer application, increasing biological diversity, having good ventilation property, improving resource utilization efficiency and realizing green production of winter wheat are fulfilled, and the problems in the background technology are solved.
The technical scheme is as follows: a method for cultivating and fertilizing winter wheat farmland soil strength comprises the following steps:
s1: in mid-six-month, after winter wheat is planted and harvested, soil is turned over, the farmland is divided into four areas with equal areas, and the four areas are marked as an area A, an area B, an area C and an area D respectively;
s2: respectively detecting the moisture content of the area A, the area B, the area C and the area D, controlling the moisture content to be 10-20%, and properly supplementing moisture to the area with the moisture content lower than 10% to enable the moisture content to be 10-20%;
s3: in late June, different kinds of green manure plants are planted in the areas A, B, C and D respectively, and gaps for planting winter wheat are reserved between any two adjacent rows of green manure plants;
s4: in the first ten days of October, sowing winter wheat in the areas A, B, C and D in a drill mode, and planting the winter wheat in the middle of the gap between two rows of green manure plants;
s5: after the winter wheat is planted, the rain collection and irrigation mode is adopted for each area regularly to supplement water properly in the growth period of the winter wheat;
s6: after winter wheat is harvested in the second year, different kinds of green manure varieties are alternately planted in the area A, the area B, the area C and the area D.
Preferably, the green manure plants in step S3 are chenopodium album, vetch seed, winter rape and shawang.
Preferably, the gap between any two adjacent rows of green manure plants in the step S3 is 20-30cm, the distance between the planting position of the winter wheat and the adjacent green manure plants in the step S4 is kept between 10-15cm, the green manure plants are controlled to be upright in the growth process, and the situation that the green manure plants fall to the position of the winter wheat to influence the growth of the later-period planted winter wheat is avoided.
Preferably, in S5, soil nitrogen content detection is performed on each area every other one week or 10 days, and a table filling record is performed, so as to count the growth value of nitrogen content in each stage in soil, and provide a basis for rational fertilization in the later stage.
Preferably, no high buildings or trees are arranged around the area A, the area B, the area C and the area D of the farmland, the illumination time of each area is basically the same, after the winter wheat seedlings are tillered, the operation of rainwater collection and water supplement for the green manure soil planted in the area A, the area B, the area C and the area D is stopped, and the green manure soil is naturally grown according to the seasonal environment.
Further, in step S1, the farmland is divided into four equal areas by drawing or setting isolation belts.
Preferably, the farmland in the step S1 is a rectangular farmland, and the areas a, B, C and D are all rectangular structures, so that a matrix structure is formed among the areas of the whole farmland.
Has the advantages that: the farmland fertility betterment method of winter wheat disclosed by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
on the premise of not influencing sowing and growth and development of the winter wheat, another green manure plant with multiple functions of nitrogen fixation and the like is planted at the early stage of planting of the winter wheat, the green manure plant finishes the growth and development process along with coming of winter, so that a large amount of biomass is provided to cover the ground surface, and meanwhile, a certain amount of nutrient substances such as nitrogen and the like are fixed on a root system, so that the aims of providing plant nutrients, reducing fertilizer application, increasing biological diversity and improving ventilation are fulfilled, the resource utilization efficiency is improved, and green production of the winter wheat is realized;
through comparison of experimental data of the embodiment of the invention, it can be seen that when the winter wheat stops growing along with temperature reduction, the nitrogen-fixing plants do not stop growing, and during the period, the nitrogen-fixing plants can generate a certain amount of crops, and simultaneously carry out nitrogen fixation and soil moisture preservation, and stop growing in the winter, at the moment, the straws of the nitrogen-fixing plants are equivalent to straw coverage, and can play a certain role in carbon fixation by soil temperature preservation, so that under the condition of known experimental data, the planting of the nitrogen-fixing plants in the set idle period can be used for the farmland soil fertility fertilization green production and popularization of the winter wheat, and the purposes of providing plant nutrients, reducing fertilizer application, increasing biological diversity and improving resource utilization efficiency and realizing green production of the winter wheat are achieved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of leisure planting of green manure.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for farmland fertility betterment of winter wheat disclosed by the invention.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the following describes in detail specific embodiments of the present invention.
Example 1
The implementation place is as follows: selecting a Zhongzhuang village located at 21km east of a city of Pengyang county in an autonomous region of Ningxia Hui nationality, belonging to typical temperate continental climate, wherein the landform type belongs to loess plateau, abdominal ridge, loess hilly land, annual average precipitation is 433.6mm, and the Zhongzhuang village is divided into obvious dry season and rainy season, wherein 50-75% of the Zhongzhuang village is concentrated in 6-9 months. The average annual temperature is 7.4 ℃, and the accumulated temperature of more than or equal to 10 ℃ is 2200-2750 ℃. Frost free period 140-160 d. The main meteorological disasters include drought, frost, hail and the like. Drought is an agricultural meteorological disaster which has many times of occurrence, wide influence range and most serious harm in the area.
As shown in figures 1 and 2, the method for improving the farmland fertility of the winter wheat comprises the following steps:
s1: in the middle ten days of June, after winter wheat is planted and harvested, soil is turned over for a rectangular farmland with the area of 10 mu, the rectangular farmland is divided into four areas with equal areas, the four areas are marked as an area A, an area B, an area C and an area D, and each area is about 2.5 mu;
s2: respectively detecting the moisture content of the area A, the area B, the area C and the area D, controlling the moisture content to be 10-20%, and properly supplementing moisture to the area with the moisture content lower than 10% to enable the moisture content to be 10-20%;
s3: in late June, different kinds of green manure plants are planted in the areas A, B, C and D respectively, and gaps for planting winter wheat are reserved between any two adjacent rows of green manure plants;
s4: in the first ten days of October, sowing winter wheat in the areas A, B, C and D in a drill mode, and planting the winter wheat in the middle of the gap between two rows of green manure plants;
s5: after the winter wheat is planted, the rain collection and irrigation mode is adopted for each area regularly to supplement water properly in the growth period of the winter wheat;
s6: after winter wheat is harvested in the second year, different kinds of green manure varieties are alternately planted in the area A, the area B, the area C and the area D.
Preferably, the green manure plants in step S3 are chenopodium album, vetch seed, winter rape and shawang.
Preferably, the gap between any two adjacent rows of green manure plants in the step S3 is 25cm, the distance between the planting position of the winter wheat and the adjacent green manure plants in the step S4 is kept at 12.5cm, the green manure plants are controlled to be kept upright in the growth process, and the situation that the winter wheat planted in the later period is influenced by the fact that the green manure plants fall to the position of the winter wheat is avoided.
Preferably, in S5, every other week, soil nitrogen content is detected and a fill-up record is performed for each area, so as to count the growth value of nitrogen content in each stage of soil and provide a basis for rational fertilization in the later stage. In another embodiment, soil nitrogen content detection is carried out on each area every 10 days, and form filling recording is carried out, so that the increase value of the nitrogen content in each stage of the soil is counted, and a basis is provided for reasonable fertilization in the later stage.
Preferably, no high buildings or trees are arranged around the area A, the area B, the area C and the area D of the farmland, the illumination time of each area is basically the same, after the winter wheat seedlings are tillered, the operation of rainwater collection and water supplement for the green manure soil planted in the area A, the area B, the area C and the area D is stopped, and the green manure soil is naturally grown according to the seasonal environment.
Further, in step S1, the farmland is divided into four equal areas by drawing or setting isolation belts.
Test results show that the yield of winter wheat planted by the planting method is increased by more than 10%, the total nitrogen content of plough layer soil is increased by more than 5%, and the organic carbon content is increased by more than 5%.
Example 2
Is substantially the same as example 1 except that:
in the step S3, the gap between any two adjacent rows of green manure plants is 20cm, the distance between the planting position of the winter wheat and the adjacent green manure plants in the step S4 is kept at 10cm, the green manure plants are controlled to be upright in the growth process, and the situation that the winter wheat planted in the later period is influenced by the fact that the green manure plants fall to the position where the winter wheat is located is avoided.
Example 3
Substantially the same as example 1, except that:
in the step S3, the gap between any two adjacent rows of green manure plants is 30cm, the distance between the planting position of the winter wheat and the adjacent green manure plants in the step S4 is kept at 15cm, the green manure plants are controlled to be upright in the growth process, and the situation that the winter wheat planted in the later period is influenced by the fact that the green manure plants fall to the position where the winter wheat is located is avoided.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail. However, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for cultivating and fertilizing winter wheat farmland soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: in the middle ten days of June, after winter wheat is planted and harvested, soil turning is carried out on a farmland, the farmland is divided into four areas with equal areas, and the four areas are marked as an area A, an area B, an area C and an area D respectively;
s2: respectively detecting the moisture content of the area A, the area B, the area C and the area D, controlling the moisture content to be 10-20%, and properly supplementing moisture to the area with the moisture content lower than 10% to enable the moisture content to be 10-20%;
s3: in late June, different kinds of green manure plants are planted in the areas A, B, C and D respectively, and gaps for planting winter wheat are reserved between any two adjacent rows of green manure plants;
s4: in the first ten days of October, sowing winter wheat in the areas A, B, C and D in a drill mode, and planting the winter wheat in the middle of the gap between two rows of green manure plants;
s5: after the winter wheat is planted, the rain collection and irrigation mode is adopted for each area regularly to supplement water properly in the growth period of the winter wheat;
s6: after winter wheat in the second year is harvested, different kinds of green manure varieties are alternately planted in the area A, the area B, the area C and the area D.
2. The method for improving farmland fertility of winter wheat according to claim 1, wherein the green manure plants in step S3 are chenopodium quinoa, vetch, winter rape and shawang.
3. The method for fertility betterment of farmland of winter wheat according to claim 1, wherein the gap between any two adjacent rows of green manure plants in the step S3 is 20-30cm, the distance between the planting position of the winter wheat and the adjacent green manure plants in the step S4 is kept between 10-15cm, and the green manure plants are controlled to be kept upright in the growth process, so that the situation that the green manure plants fall to the position of the winter wheat to influence the growth of the winter wheat planted in later period is avoided.
4. The method for soil fertility improvement of winter wheat farmland according to claim 1, wherein in S5, soil nitrogen content detection and surface filling recording are carried out on each area every other week or 10 days for counting the increase value of nitrogen content in each stage of soil and providing basis for reasonable fertilization in the later period.
5. The method for fertilizing winter wheat farmland through soil fertility as claimed in claim 1, wherein no tall buildings or trees are arranged around the areas A, B, C and D of the farmland, the illumination time of each area is basically the same, and after the winter wheat seedlings tillering, the operations of rainwater collection and water supplement for the green manure soil planted in the areas A, B, C and D are stopped, and the winter wheat grows naturally according to the seasonal environment.
6. The method for improving the soil fertility of the winter wheat in the farmland as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the farmland is divided into four equal areas by adopting a drawing line or a setting isolation belt.
7. The method for improving farmland fertility of winter wheat according to claim 1, wherein the farmland in step S1 is a rectangular farmland, and the areas A, B, C and D are all rectangular structures, so that a matrix structure is formed among the areas of the whole farmland.
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| CN202210276724.3A CN114568233B (en) | 2022-03-21 | 2022-03-21 | Winter wheat farmland soil fertility fertilizer method |
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| CN202210276724.3A CN114568233B (en) | 2022-03-21 | 2022-03-21 | Winter wheat farmland soil fertility fertilizer method |
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Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105284357A (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2016-02-03 | 西北农林科技大学 | Method for multicropping leguminous green manure crop in wheat field |
| CN106342437A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-01-25 | 李万 | Efficient regional fertilizing method |
| CN109328592A (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2019-02-15 | 大连民族大学 | A kind of method of utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer in raising corn planting |
| CN109717023A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-05-07 | 西北农林科技大学 | A kind of method of green manure-wheat crop rotation production zinc-rich wheat |
| CN110063228A (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2019-07-30 | 西北农林科技大学 | A method of crop in cruciferae is used as wheat field green manure |
| CN111328655A (en) * | 2020-03-24 | 2020-06-26 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Wheat-spinach-corn-green manure intercropping planting and cultivating method |
| CN113728888A (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2021-12-03 | 兰州大学 | Grain and grass composite planting method for alfalfa intercropping wheat and corn |
-
2022
- 2022-03-21 CN CN202210276724.3A patent/CN114568233B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105284357A (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2016-02-03 | 西北农林科技大学 | Method for multicropping leguminous green manure crop in wheat field |
| CN106342437A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-01-25 | 李万 | Efficient regional fertilizing method |
| CN109328592A (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2019-02-15 | 大连民族大学 | A kind of method of utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer in raising corn planting |
| CN109717023A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-05-07 | 西北农林科技大学 | A kind of method of green manure-wheat crop rotation production zinc-rich wheat |
| CN110063228A (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2019-07-30 | 西北农林科技大学 | A method of crop in cruciferae is used as wheat field green manure |
| CN111328655A (en) * | 2020-03-24 | 2020-06-26 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Wheat-spinach-corn-green manure intercropping planting and cultivating method |
| CN113728888A (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2021-12-03 | 兰州大学 | Grain and grass composite planting method for alfalfa intercropping wheat and corn |
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