CN110754311B - Method for reducing salt and increasing yield of paddy rice planted in saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Method for reducing salt and increasing yield of paddy rice planted in saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN110754311B CN110754311B CN201911279372.1A CN201911279372A CN110754311B CN 110754311 B CN110754311 B CN 110754311B CN 201911279372 A CN201911279372 A CN 201911279372A CN 110754311 B CN110754311 B CN 110754311B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for reducing salt and increasing yield of paddy rice planted in saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following steps: (1) land preparation and fertilization: applying gypsum, coated slow-controlled release fertilizer and humic acid modified fertilizer into saline-alkali soil and ploughing; (2) planting: adopting single row and single irrigation for the rice field, and planting the rice seedlings with the salt and alkaline water resistance into the salt and alkaline soil treated in the step (1) after 5-10 days; then the rice field is managed according to a daily management method. The invention improves the soil quality and reduces the soil saline-alkali by double measures of planting rice and applying fertilizer, and adopts one-time fertilization to improve the fertilizer utilization rate and reduce the non-point source pollution caused by fertilizer leaching loss. The method of the invention can improve the quality of saline-alkali soil and achieve the purpose of increasing yield.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rice planting, in particular to a method for reducing salt and increasing yield of rice planted in saline-alkali soil.
Background
The saline-alkali soil resources of China are rich, but the saline-alkali soil is high in salt content, low in organic matter content, poor in soil aggregate structure, relatively poor in soil rich water buffer capacity, and the growth of rice is limited by the severe soil environment. According to statistics, the saline-alkali soil in China is about 15 hundred million mu. With the increase of urban area, the cultivated land area is continuously reduced, and the population is continuously increased, so that people face the serious challenge of food. Rice is the main food crop in China, and rice is staple food for people with nearly 2/3 nationwide population. The rice cultivation area accounts for 1/3 of the grain planting area, but the yield accounts for about 40 percent of the total grain yield. The saline-alkali soil has poor natural conditions and high salinity content, so that the saline-alkali soil can be suitable for few crops growing in the saline-alkali soil. Therefore, the rice production has extremely important significance in the aspect of guaranteeing the safe supply of food in China.
The existing research shows that the saline-alkali tolerant rice has certain saline-alkali tolerant capacity, can effectively reduce the saline-alkali degree of soil and achieves the effect of improving the saline-alkali soil. The saline-alkali soil is poor in soil fertility, low in organic matter content and poor in soil aggregate structure, and people can improve the soil fertility and increase the rice yield through blind fertilization. The application of different fertilizers in different periods of rice growth not only causes excessive fertilizer input and higher cost, but also can not effectively improve the quality of saline-alkali soil through multiple times of addition of multiple fertilizers. At present, more researches are carried out on how to plant rice on saline-alkali soil, multiple topdressing is generally needed, and researches on improving the saline-alkali soil by double effects of planting the rice and applying the fertilizer once without topdressing are less seen.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for improving the quality of saline-alkali soil and increasing the yield of rice by double effects of planting the rice and applying fertilizer once without topdressing.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for reducing salt and increasing yield of paddy rice planted in saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation and fertilization: applying gypsum, coated slow-controlled release fertilizer and humic acid modified fertilizer into saline-alkali soil and ploughing;
(2) planting: adopting single row and single irrigation for the rice field, and planting the rice seedlings with the salt and alkaline water resistance into the salt and alkaline soil treated in the step (1) after 5-10 days; then the rice field is managed according to a daily management method.
Preferably, the application amount of the gypsum is 180-220 Kg/mu; the application amount of the coated controlled-release fertilizer is 70-90 Kg/mu; the application amount of the humic acid modified fertilizer is 110-130 Kg/mu.
Preferably, the application amount of the gypsum is 200 Kg/mu; the application amount of the coated controlled-release fertilizer is 80 Kg/mu; the application amount of the humic acid modified fertilizer is 120 Kg/mu.
Preferably, the coated controlled-release fertilizer consists of urea, potassium sulfate and a coated fertilizer.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the coated fertilizer to the urea to the potassium sulfate is 20 (10-12) to (3-5).
Preferably, the humic acid modified fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 63% of humic acid, 20% of calcium, 6% of silicon, 4% of magnesium and 7% of sulfur.
Preferably, the pH value of the humic acid modified fertilizer is 5.0-7.0.
Preferably, the depth of the plowing is 20-40 cm.
Preferably, the rice seedlings are 30-35 d in seedling age and 5-7 in leaf age.
Preferably, each hole of the rice seedlings is 2-3, and the transplanting distance is (25-40) × (13-20) cm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the method of the invention improves the quality of saline-alkali soil by adopting double effects of rice planting and fertilizer application, and reduces the fertilizer application and planting cost by applying the fertilizer once without subsequent topdressing.
(2) According to the invention, the salt is reduced by applying gypsum, the salt is controlled by applying the coated slow-controlled release fertilizer, and the carbon is increased by applying the humic acid modified fertilizer, so that the salt alkalinity of saline-alkali soil is reduced, the quality of the saline-alkali soil is improved, the yield of rice is increased, and the purposes of reducing salt and increasing yield are achieved.
(3) The invention researches the influence of the fertilizer on the growth of the rice in the saline-alkali soil in different periods, the change of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents in the soil in different periods and the change of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents in the overground part and the underground part of the rice. The rice yield reaches 9.77t/hm2The salt content of the soil is reduced by more than 30 percent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of the effect of different treatments on rice yield;
FIG. 2 effect of different treatments on the total salt content of rice soil at maturity.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
As introduced in the background art, the rice planted in the saline-alkali soil is mainly used for improving the yield of the rice whether the fertilizer is applied once or repeatedly. Meanwhile, the research on improving the yield, reducing the soil salinity and improving the soil quality is rarely reported. Based on the method, the invention aims to provide the method for reducing the salt and increasing the yield of the rice planted in the saline-alkali soil, and the method does not need additional fertilizer after one-time fertilization, thereby reducing the waste caused by excess fertilizer. Aiming at the characteristics of saline-alkali soil, large potassium absorption amount, low phosphorus absorption amount and the like in the growth of rice, the soil quality is improved, the salt alkalinity is reduced, and the yield is improved by double measures of planting rice and applying fertilizer. The salt is reduced by applying gypsum, the salt is controlled by applying a coated controlled-release fertilizer, the carbon is increased by applying a humic acid modified fertilizer, and the saline-alkali tolerant rice is planted to improve the quality of saline-alkali soil, so that the salt content in the saline-alkali soil is effectively reduced, and the yield of the rice is improved. In daily production, if a common chemical fertilizer is used for fertilizing rice in saline-alkali soil, the rice cannot be completely absorbed in a short period, fertilizer waste is caused, the salinization degree of the soil is increased, and the fertilizer nutrients are gradually released by adopting the coated controlled-release fertilizer and are completely absorbed according to the growth needs of the rice, so that the problem can be avoided. The humic acid modified fertilizer and the gypsum can improve the alkalinity and the salinity content of saline-alkali soil, provide nutrients for rice in the growth process of the rice and improve the saline-alkali soil from the planting source and the process of the rice.
In order to make the technical solutions of the present application more clearly understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. The test materials used in the examples of the present invention are all conventional in the art and commercially available.
The coated fertilizer used in the invention can be purchased from Shandong agriculture fertilizer industry science and technology Limited company and is named as controlled release urea;
the humic acid modified fertilizer can be purchased from Shandong agriculture and fertilizer industry science and technology Limited.
Example (b):
(1) land preparation and fertilization: applying the saline-alkali soil to be planted according to the application amounts of 200 Kg/mu of gypsum, 40 Kg/mu of coated fertilizer, 21.74 Kg/mu of urea, 7.2 Kg/mu of potassium sulfate and 120 Kg/mu of humic acid modified fertilizer and ploughing by 30 cm;
(2) planting: adopting single row and single irrigation for the rice field, and planting the rice seedlings with the salt and alkaline water resistance into the salt and alkaline soil treated in the step (1) after 5-10 days; the seedling age of the rice seedlings is 33d, the leaf age is 6, each hole of the rice seedlings is 2, and the transplanting distance is 28.4 multiplied by 14.3 cm. Then the rice field is managed according to a daily management method.
Test examples
Test time: 5 and 15 months in 2018
Test site: green Feng family farm (118 degree 32 '54' E, 37 degree 31 '19' N)
The test is summarized as follows: the land belongs to a continental monsoon climate in a warm temperature zone, the average temperature of the land is 12.8 ℃ for many years, the frost-free period is 206d, and the accumulated temperature of not less than 10 ℃ is about 4300 ℃. The annual average precipitation is 555.9mm, mostly concentrated in summer, and accounts for 65% of the annual precipitation. The soil is moderate salinized moist soil (0.2-0.4%).
The test rice variety: zaozu No. 1
And (3) experimental design: the test was run with a total of 5 fertilization treatments (see table 1) including the treatment according to the example fertilization (T2), 1 control fertilizer treatment planted rice (CK) and 3 other salt reduction and carburisation treatments (denoted T1, T3, T4 respectively), each treatment being repeated 3 times for a total of 15 test cells. The test is designed as random block, and the area of each test cell is 7m multiplied by 5.1m to 35.7m2. Ridge backs of 0.6m are reserved among the communities, the communities are separated by plastic cloth, and water inlet channels of 0.6m are reserved among the ridge backs.
TABLE 1 fertilization method and amount (kg/667 m) of each treatment2)
Measurement items:
before seeding and after harvesting, collecting soil samples with soil layer depths of 20, 40, 60 and 80, air-drying, grinding and sieving for relevant determination:
salinity index: soil full salt;
nutrient indexes are as follows: organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and quick-acting potassium;
biological properties: and (4) investigating indexes of the plant height, stem thickness, leaf area, chlorophyll and the like of the crops during the growth period. And counting yield factor indexes at harvest time.
The determination method comprises the following steps:
plant height and blade area (length x width) were measured with a standard tape;
the stem thickness is measured with a vernier caliper;
measuring chlorophyll content with SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter;
soil organic matter is measured by a potassium dichromate oxidation-external heating method;
0.5 mol. L for available phosphorus-1Leaching sodium bicarbonate solution, and measuring molybdenum-antimony by a colorimetric method;
1.0 mol.L for quick-acting potassium-1Leaching with ammonium acetate solution, and measuring by flame photometry;
the soil total nitrogen determination adopts a semi-micro Kjeldahl method.
Results and analysis
The influence of different fertilization modes on the growth of rice in different periods is shown in tables 2-5.
TABLE 2 Effect of different treatments on growth of rice at tillering stage
As can be seen from Table 2, the rice plants treated by different fertilizers have no obvious difference in each character at the tillering stage (P > 0.05).
TABLE 3 Effect of different treatments on the growth of rice at the booting stage
As can be seen from Table 3, compared with CK treatment, the biomass of rice can be increased by other treatments, while the biomass of rice treated by T2 is significantly increased by 39% compared with the control; different fertilization treatments have no obvious influence on the tillering number, stem thickness, chlorophyll content and plant height of rice, and no obvious difference (P is more than 0.05) exists among the treatments; compared with CK, the root length of rice can be improved by each treatment, but only the T3 treatment achieves a significant difference level (P <0.05), and the improvement amplitude is 52%.
TABLE 4 Effect of different treatments on the growth of rice in the milk stage
As can be seen from Table 4, the individual traits of rice at the milk stage did not differ significantly between treatments (P > 0.05).
TABLE 5 Effect of different treatments on the growth of rice at maturity
As can be seen from Table 5, there was no significant difference between the treatments during the maturation period (P > 0.05).
As can be seen from FIG. 1, the T1-T4 treatments all had an effect on increasing rice yield compared to the CK treatment. No significant differences were apparent between treatments (P)>0.05), wherein the processing yield is highest by T2 and reaches 9.77T/hm2Compared with CK treatment, the method improves the treatment efficiency by 27.06 percent. The T3 yield is the lowest among the T1-T4 treatments, 9.30T/hm2Compared with CK treatment, the yield is increased by 20.94%.
TABLE 6 influence of different treatments on the nutrient content of soil at booting stage
As can be seen from Table 6, the T2 treatment had the highest nutrient content in each soil layer during the booting stage. The total nitrogen content of each soil layer treated by the T2 is respectively 55.00%, 56.67%, 50.00% and 31.58% higher than that of CK treated soil layers, the organic matter content is 19.66%, 29.96%, 35.25% and 23.45%, the effective phosphorus content is 75.52%, 53.46%, 38.81% and 29.01%, and the quick-acting potassium content is 15.55%, 22.58%, 26.57% and 24.88%.
TABLE 7 Effect of different treatments on soil nutrient content during the maturity stage of milk
As can be seen from Table 7, the T2 treatment had the highest nutrient content in each soil layer during the milk stage. The total nitrogen content of each soil layer treated by the T2 is respectively 44.90%, 67.74%, 35.71% and 38.46% higher than that of CK treated, the organic matter content is 23.85%, 19.45%, 49.10% and 39.77%, the effective phosphorus content is 40.25%, 60.75%, 63.87% and 53.08%, and the quick-acting potassium content is 45.21%, 32.19%, 19.66% and 30.58%.
TABLE 8 Effect of different treatments on the nutrient content of soil in the maturation stage
As can be seen from Table 8, the T2 treatment had the highest nutrient content in each soil layer during the maturation period. The total nitrogen content of each soil layer treated by the T2 is 39.29%, 31.43%, 37.93% and 33.33% higher than that of each soil layer treated by the CK, the organic matter content is 5.60%, 23.10%, 16.25% and 7.23%, the effective phosphorus content is 14.23%, 9.30%, 29.41% and 20.36%, and the quick-acting potassium content is 15.36%, 19.78%, 15.24% and 19.34%.
As can be seen from FIG. 2, the total salt content of the rice soil can be reduced by different recarburization treatments, and each treatment is respectively reduced by 27.24%, 30.11%, 25.10% and 22.22% compared with the CK treatment, and the treatment effect of T2 is optimal.
In conclusion, from the perspective of rice yield and salt reduction effect, the yield of the T2 treatment, namely the embodiment, is the highest and is 9.77T/hm2, compared with CK treatment, the yield is improved by 27.06%, the content of soil nutrients is obviously improved, and the soil salt content is reduced by more than 30% while the crop yield is improved.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (1)
1. The method for reducing salt and increasing yield of rice planted in saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) land preparation and fertilization: applying gypsum, coated slow-controlled release fertilizer and humic acid modified fertilizer into saline-alkali soil and ploughing; the application amount of the gypsum is 180-220 Kg/mu; the application amount of the coated controlled-release fertilizer is 70-90 Kg/mu; the application amount of the humic acid modified fertilizer is 110-130 Kg/mu; the coated slow-controlled release fertilizer consists of urea, potassium sulfate and a coated fertilizer; the weight ratio of the coated fertilizer to the urea to the potassium sulfate is 20 (10-12) to 3-5; the humic acid modified fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 60-65% of humic acid, 20% of calcium, 6% of silicon, 4% of magnesium and 7% of sulfur; the application amount of the gypsum is 200 Kg/mu; the application amount of the coated controlled-release fertilizer is 80 Kg/mu; the application amount of the humic acid modified fertilizer is 120 Kg/mu; the pH value of the humic acid modified fertilizer is 5.0-7.0; the depth of the plowing is 20-40 cm;
(2) planting: adopting single row and single irrigation for the rice field, and planting the rice seedlings with the salt and alkaline water resistance into the salt and alkaline soil treated in the step (1) after 5-10 days; then managing the rice field according to a daily management method; the seedling age of the rice seedlings is 30-35 d, and the leaf age is 5-7; the rice seedlings are 2-3 plants in each hole, and the transplanting distance is (25-40) × (13-20) cm.
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