CN104663194B - Rhizoma Coptidis cultivating superior high-yield method - Google Patents
Rhizoma Coptidis cultivating superior high-yield method Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to Rhizoma Coptidis cultivating superior high-yield method.The present invention solves the problems, such as that Rhizoma Coptidis yield poorly, and its drip irrigation device is：Using bagging or isolation breeding, in breeding, select the big floral leaf of typical case maternal as breeding, typical big floral leaf Seedling, isolation cultivation are selected from nursery, set up maternal field, in the management of maternal field, the thin planting of 20000 plants of mu is implemented in roguing, in good time breeding, the field planting percentage of seedgermination of 4 years, germinating energy and emergence rate highest, prepare the maternal field winter top dressing of breeding, to the beginning of October, dose is at the bottom of September：Mu rape cake 50kg adds microbial activity bacterial manure 2kg to add available phosphoruss 5kg to cover mud 1 to 1.5cm added with imitating potassium 3kg and spreading fertilizer over the fields, and seed strong fertilizer is applied before early spring bolting, and dose adds carbon ammonium 10kg to add potassium sulfate 10kg mixing to spread fertilizer over the fields for phosphorus ammonium 10kg.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to a kind of Coptis planting method, is related to Rhizoma Coptidis cultivating superior high-yield method.
Background technology
Rhizoma Coptidis are that a kind of commonly using has famous and precious Chinese medicine.Famous and precious is harsh to planting ecological environment requirement, it is difficult to unrestricted
Expand the scale of production.It is extremely bitter that Rhizoma Coptidis hardship is not only medical material nature and flavor itself, and plants that operation is various, and no matter high labor intensive educates
Seedling, manage, harvest, processing all contact Rhizoma Coptidis branch and leaf, root hair, dust is without equally bitter.Since the establishment of the nation, professor Xu Jingtang is to Rhizoma Coptidis
Open country turns family's cultivation（The Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, the fifties in last century）, Zeng Qingmei researcher ground with regard to the basic technology that Rhizoma Coptidis are cultivated
Study carefully（Academy of agricultural sciences of Hubei Province, the eighties in last century）, Lichuan City is with regard to Rhizoma Coptidis cultivation, the system summary of process technology（Wu Decheng《Profit
Rhizoma Coptidis will》2007）, Qu Xianyou researcher is with regard to Rhizoma Coptidis ecological cultivation（Chongqing Institute of Chinese Medicine -2008）Deng.These documents
And monograph lays particular emphasis on academic research, for Coptis planting, theory directive significance of the processing with important universality.But it is directed to
The reality of plantation Rhizoma Coptidis, is not fully solved high quality and yield cultivation techniques, and particularly do not solve high yield and quality cultivation is
System Problem of Technology Integration.Average 200kg in the Coptis planting unit yield whole nation or so.Calculated by 5 years production cycles：Every mu of material
8700 yuan of input cost（1800 yuan of fertilizer, 6900 yuan of canopy）；1500 yuan of cost of land, every mu of annual rent is in terms of 300 yuan）；Labor
Employ work and put into 80（Field planting 5, First Year 20, Second Year 15, third and fourth, 5 years annual 10, digging 10）,
80 yuan for each person every day of labour force's wage, counts 6400 yuan；Processing wage is calculated as 800 yuan with 100kg400 units；It is total 17400 yuan.With
Per kg80, unit calculates average market selling price at present, and per unit area yield plants loss of capital less than 220kg kinds, reaches every mu of profit of 250kg（5 years）
Only 2400 yuan, less than Semen Maydiss-Rhizoma Solani tuber osi continuous cropping benefit.Rhizoma Coptidis cultivate the low yield reason of inefficiency of generally existing at present：Seed choosing method
Improper, seedling-raising technique is backward, plantation density is unreasonable, improper, improper with fertile method, nutrition life is controlled in frame selection and canopy density
Long and reproductive growth regulation technology is not in place.This technology is that this cooperative society and technical team of cooperative society constantly improved shape through 25 years
Into, some can not still be annotated but be practicable in production practices in theory.
The content of the invention
The present invention solves that above-mentioned seed choosing method is improper, seedling-raising technique falls behind, field planting dense planting is unreasonable, frame selection wave
Take, use fertile method improper, a kind of nutrient growth and reproductive growth regulation technology problem not in place, there is provided the Rhizoma Coptidis high-quality of system
High-yield culturing combination technique.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is：A kind of Rhizoma Coptidis cultivating superior high-yield method, which is special
Levy and be：Comprise the following steps：
Using isolation breeding, in breeding, selecting big floral leaf maternal as breeding, big floral leaf Seedling being selected from nursery, isolation is planted
Training, sets up maternal field, in the management of maternal field, implements the thin planting of 20000 plants of mu, and in good time breeding is colonized the germination of 4 years
Rate, germinating energy and emergence rate highest, the winter top dressing for preparing the maternal field of breeding were applied to the beginning of October at the bottom of September, and dose is：Often
Mu is applied rape cake 50kg and adds the microbial activity bacterial manure 2kg ammonium 5kg that phosphorate to add potassium sulfate 3kg, covers mud 1 to 1.5cm, strengthen seed after spreading fertilizer over the fields
Fertilizer is to apply late Febuary before early spring bolting, and mu dose adds carbon ammonium 10kg to add potassium sulfate 10kg mixing to spread fertilizer over the fields for phosphorus ammonium 10kg,
Mud 0.5 is covered to 1.0cm, from seedling age 12-14 month, plant greenery number 8 to 10, disease-free spot worm channel, projecting blade were closely heart-shaped, lateral lobe
Not drastic crack, without sharp mouth, without sharp point, Rhizoma Coptidis Seedling luxuriant tumor knot shape simultaneously has the height that 1 to 2 branch's root stock formed to blade tip blunt circle to leaf margin
Seedling is produced, the seed quality of per mu of sowing is 1.5kg, during sowing, 30 points of Rhizoma Coptidis seed is soaked with the zeatin of mass concentration 10ppm
Clock, filters moisture and sows after drying；During 12 months to 14 months of Rhizoma Coptidis nursery, monthly thinning, to weak strain, disease
Nursery burning is removed and is taken out of in strain with the hybrid strain for not meeting big floral leaf Rhizoma Coptidis Seedling feature, is started in 3 to 4 leaf of Rhizoma Coptidis Seedling, every 30
It sprays foliage fertilizer once with the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of mass concentration 0.2% to 0.3%；
Improvement plantation land used, soil select high mountain rice soil, parent soil material to select Purple Shale with quartzy sandstone alternating layers
Outwash soil；Plot requires smooth, fertile, soil fertility equilibrium, on the sunny side；
Improvement frame, stake bar cement pole, cross bar add 20% tree with No. 8 iron wires, by mass 40% miscellaneous bamboo of lid timber-used
The corn stalk that branch adds 40%, Rhizoma Coptidis are colonized the first three years shade density higher than 65%, and the 4th year shade density of field planting is 50%, field planting the 5th
Year shade density is 35-40%；
The First Year of field planting, blade broken bud when flower a kind of sedge is 1 to 2, the 2nd, the 3rd and the 5th year of field planting, when flower a kind of sedge is higher than
During blade face 5cm or so, deflorated a kind of sedge with small-sized electric deep pruning machine cut, after first time deep pruning, every 7 to 10 days, deep pruning once, was eliminated again,
Deep pruning sprays 200 times of Bordeaux mixture once after spending a kind of sedge every other day every time,
Rhizoma Coptidis high-yield culturing realizes 5 years N of per mu yield 600kg：P：K total demands are, N：35 to 40kg, P2O5：15 to
17kg, K2O：25 to 28kg.
Preferably, if Rhizoma Coptidis Seedling shows nitrogen stress symptom, mu carbamide 1 sprays potassium dihydrogen phosphate to 2kg combinations and applies
With.
Preferably, Rhizoma Coptidis high-yield culturing realizes that 5 years of per mu yield 600kg with fertile type and quantity are, humus
1500kg, rapeseed cake 280kg, phosphorus ammonium 45kg, potassium sulfate 120kg, carbon ammonium 205kg, em bacterium stock solutions 2kg, fertile soil spy bacterium medicine fertilizer
20kg, humus nutritional labeling N, P2O5And K2O content is respectively 2%, 0.39% and 0.26%, rapeseed cake nutritional labeling N, P2O5、
K2O content is 5%, 1% and 3%,
Base fertilizer adds rapeseed cake 50kg to add carbon ammonium 20kg to add potassium sulfate 20kg to add em bacterium stock solutions 2kg for humus 500kg,
Field planting of topdressing is first 3 years, and per mu is applied humus 200kg, rapeseed cake 40kg, carbon ammonium 40kg, fertile soil spy bacterium medicine fertilizer every year
4kg, potassium sulfate 15kg and phosphorus ammonium 5kg, are applied in four times；
Rhizoma Coptidis are colonized the 4th year spring fertilizer：Administration season is early spring i.e. by the end of December to first beginning of the month, and mu humus 200kg is with dish
The seedcake 20kg ammonium 10kg that phosphorates adds fertile soil spy bacterium medicine fertilizer 1kg, spreads fertilizer over the fields again earthing 0.5 to 0.8cm, during summer fertilizer administration after being sufficiently mixed
Between in bud stage i.e. by the end of February at the beginning of 3 months, mu rapeseed cake 10kg adds the carbon ammonium 20kg ammonium 10kg that phosphorates to add fertile soil spy bacterium medicine fertilizer 1kg
Plus potassium sulfate 10kg mixing is spread fertilizer over the fields, to 0.4cm, autumn and winter fertilizer, mu rapeseed cake fertilizer 40kg add carbon ammonium 25kg to add sulfur to the thin face mud 0.2 that spreads
The sour potassium 20kg ammonium 5kg that phosphorate add fertile soil spy bacterium medicine fertilizer 2kg, application in two dressings that face mud thickness 0.6 is spread after fertilising to 0.8cm,
Potassium sulfate 25kg is added to add fertile soil spy bacterium medicine fertilizer 200kg fertile soil and rapeseed cake 40kg mixing after fermentation within 5th year
4kg adds the carbon ammonium 20kg ammonium 5kg that phosphorates to apply in three times, and spring and summer adheres to earthing, and thickness is 0.4 to 0.6cm, retains frame degree of shading
40% until digging.
Preferably, the preparation method of the base fertilizer is, em bacterium stock solutions 2kg add Chinese liquor 1000g after being watered 50kg dilutions
With brown sugar 2000g, sealing and fermenting 5-7 days makes em mother solutions, and em mother solutions are mixed with the layering of humus 500kg and 50kg rapeseed cake again
After conjunction, anaerobic fermentation is after 15 days, then aerobic fermentation was applied with carbon ammonium and potassium sulfate mix after 20-30 days.
The present invention substantial effect be：1, thoroughly change Rhizoma Coptidis industry development deforestation and plant the tradition for even destroying forest cover
Cropping pattern, the rice for creating high mountain Oryza sativa L. with Rhizoma Coptidis crop rotation connect rotation system, realize that Rhizoma Coptidis Oryza sativa L. is double high（Rhizoma Coptidis average yield per mu
615-624kg, mu have a net increase of product more than 360kg, ten thousand yuan of potentiation 2.8-3.0；The average 450kg of second ploughing rice cultivation per unit area yield, compares high mountain
Winter soaked field volume increase 45%.2, change " Rhizoma Coptidis happiness is dark and damp " sanctified by usage, the cultivation selection of land Yinshan Mountains, the mode in half Yinshan Mountains are changed to Yangshan
Plantation, enforcement prove the dark and damp fearness direct sunlight of Rhizoma Coptidis happiness but need what substantial light was shone；3, change traditional Rhizoma Coptidis and " open within the 5th year
Canopy " cultivation technique, carries out Rhizoma Coptidis and covers cultivation throughout one's life, and for Rhizoma Coptidis increase per unit area yield, it is significantly to improve quality meaning.4, reform
Lid material composition, makes shade density that dynamic equilibrium is needed to illumination with Rhizoma Coptidis different growth years, and it is using not that this shade density is adjusted
Naturally rot what is realized with lid material, both saved production cost, improve per unit area yield again.5, tentatively disclose under same cultivation condition, determine
Relation between Rhizoma Coptidis yield height and Quality of Seedlings, determines that the most key index one of Rhizoma Coptidis Seedling quality is the number of blade, and two are
Luxuriant shape and structure；And luxuriant shape is directly related with structure with strain.The farmer's proverb of " half Ji Lian of Seedling " is yellow for improving
Per unit area yield even and quality have the effect got twice the result with half the effort.6, for the first time Rhizoma Coptidis growth cycle（5 years）Turn to three not same orders
Section, determines different Fertilization Levels and horticultural practices according to different phase, and this is for obtaining higher yield and realize that high-quality is
Successfully.7, soaked seed using zeatin first, not only improve emergence rate and planting percent, and root stock point can be promoted ahead of time
Split, i.e., in branch's number that seedling stage is just final to form Rhizoma Coptidis root stock.8, using em probiotic bacterias stock solution fermentation fertilizer（Humus
And rapeseed cake）, the decomposition of available nutrient can be improved, and improves Rhizoma Coptidis rhizosphere environment；Plus uninterrupted in topdressing
Add bio-active bacteria (fungi) medicine fertilizer, realize saving the Rhizoma Coptidis cultivation cost and effect without preventing and treating disease pest., in Rhizoma Coptidis cultivation
First without carbamide（Nitrogenous fertilizer）And calcium superphosphate（Coptis planting commonly uses phosphate fertilizer）, this is for the cadmium storage, reduction that reduce in soil
Rhizoma Coptidis cadmium content and preventing and treating soil compaction and initiation disease have positive effect.
Specific embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, technical scheme is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1：
2.1 improvement breeding techniques.On the basis of traditional breeding technique, this technology innovation is from Rhizoma Coptidis mongrel group
In, high yield and high quality population is isolated, the material base of Rhizoma Coptidis high yield and high quality is established.
2.1.1 at present, national Coptis planting mongrel substantially.No doubt, Rhizoma Coptidis are based on self-pollination, but anemophily,
Effect of the entomophila to pollination still can not exclude presence.To keep seed purity, this technology to adopt bagging or isolation breeding.
2.1.2 Rhizoma Coptidis mongrel offspring can be divided into three Big mutation rate populations from leaf.Respectively big floral leaf, little floral leaf and nothing
Light leaf.Which is typically characterised by big floral leaf blade face irregular colour one, dark green alternate with yellowish green, and yellowish green color part edge vein is irregularly opened up
Open, form yellowish green mottle and swoon, its yellow green speckle is more than company's agriculture of blade gross area 20-30% big floral leaf, and yellow green speckle is little
Connect agriculture big floral leaf in 20%.Without yellow green speckle full leaf it is dark green be unglazed leaf.By growth potential, leaf area, single plant yield and root
Shape stem length is compared with rugosity, and big floral leaf is better than little floral leaf, and little floral leaf is better than unglazed leaf.Therefore, typical case should be selected in breeding
Big floral leaf is maternal as breeding.In production, typical big floral leaf Seedling is selected from nursery, maternal field is set up in isolation cultivation.
2.1.3 maternal field manages main points.One is roguing；Two is thin planting（20000 plants of mu, reduces than land for growing field crops density
60%）；
2.1.4 in good time breeding.Experience have shown that, Rhizoma Coptidis breeding golden hour is field planting the 4th year.The field planting seed of 4 years is sent out
Bud rate, germinating energy and emergence rate highest.Rhizoma Coptidis field planting starts from First Year can be with breeding seed to the 5th year.With germination percentage point
Analysis, the First Year percentage of seedgermination of-the five year are followed successively by 35%, 48%, 85%, 95% and 84%.This is big with Rhizoma Coptidis plant nutrition body
It is little relevant with frame shade density（After will address）.
2.1.5 more winter top dressing and seed strong fertilizer are ingeniously applied.Rhizoma Coptidis bud differentiation from the beginning of late October-early December terminates, January
Bottom or the beginning of February start bolting, start pollination of blooming late February to the beginning of March.Therefore, the maternal field winter top dressing for preparing breeding should be
At the bottom of September-the beginning of October, dose is：The effective potassium 3kg of mu rape cake 50kg+ microbial activity bacterial manure 2kg+ available phosphoruss 5kg+（P and k
Prepared with potassium sulfate with phosphorus ammonium）Spread fertilizer over the fields and cover mud 0.8-1.0cm, seed strong fertilizer is applied before early spring bolting, dose is phosphorus ammonium 10kg+
Carbon ammonium 10kg+ potassium sulfate 10kg mixing is spread fertilizer over the fields in time, covers mud 0.2-0.4cm.
2.2 improvement seedling-raising techniques.On the basis of conventional seedling-raising technique, this technology innovative point is：Using multiple technologies,
Rhizoma Coptidis rhizome division bud is promoted to be formed, the high yield skeleton of per mu yield 600kg is established in nursery.
2.2.1 do sth. in advance date of seeding.Conventional Rhizoma Coptidis nursery typically in the sowing of late October-November, because of the low uneven emergence of temperature and
Survive the winter and endure cold, this technology date of seeding is late September.
2.22 seed treatment.Filtered moisture and dried within 30 minutes with the zeatin immersion of concentration 10ppm.（Zeatin Hubei
The production of Sheng Tianhengchuan bio tech ltd is saved, content 99%.Preparation method 1g is dissolved in 100g ethanol（Post-heating in 90-95%
Dilute is 10ppm.）
2.2.3 reduce application rate.The mu amount of broadcasting 1.5kg（It is net to plant）.Rhizoma Coptidis thousand grain weigth is 1.5g or so, in theory mu
As long as sowing reaches 1 kg and is capable of achieving to emerge 500,000 plants., often there is multilamellar Seedling phenomenon in conventional seed planting amount 10-13kg, both wave
Take seed, and it cannot be guaranteed that young plant quality.
2.2 4 diligent thinnings, during Rhizoma Coptidis nursery（- 14 months 12 months）, monthly thinning.To weak strain, diseased plant and miscellaneous
Strain（Big floral leaf Rhizoma Coptidis feature is not met）Remove and take out of nursery burning in time.
2.2.5 ingeniously apply foliage fertilizer.Start in Rhizoma Coptidis Seedling 3-4 leaves, sprayed with the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.2-0.3% every 30 days
Foliage fertilizer is once（As Rhizoma Coptidis Seedling shows nitrogen stress symptom, then mu carbamide 1-2kg is combined and is sprayed potassium dihydrogen phosphate administration）.
2.2.6 high yield Seedling standard：a：（Seedling age 12-14 month）b：Plant greenery number.8-10 pieces, disease-free spot worm channel；C blade-shapeds
Shape.Projecting blade is closely heart-shaped, lateral lobe not drastic crack, and, without sharp mouth, blade tip blunt circle is without sharp point for leaf margin；D luxuriants are special.Low yield Rhizoma Coptidis Seedling bud
Bud is coniform, high yield Rhizoma Coptidis Seedling luxuriant tumor knot shape（Lian Nong is knot, really Rhizoma Coptidis branch rhizome resting bud）；And have 1-2
Branch's root stock is formed.
3-1 improvement plantation lands used.Nearly all document, book all conclusions are that Rhizoma Coptidis happiness is dark and damp.Actually Rhizoma Coptidis are simply liked
It is wet, fear direct sunlight, illumination deficiency per unit area yield is reduced.This technology is innovated：
3.1.1 physical features selects the good plot of sunlight conditions；
3.3.2 soil selects high mountain rice soil.One is to avoid the deforestation reclamation of wasteland kind from even destroying ecology；Two is Rhizoma Coptidis trophophase
Lasting nutrient supply, high mountain rice soil is needed within 5 years to be chronically at anaerobic state, potential nutrients are high, and soil fertility is uniform；Three is rice
Even crop rotation is conducive to improving rice yield, realizes that rice is even double rich.,
3.3.3 parent soil material selects the outwash soil of Purple Shale and quartzy sandstone alternating layers.Rhizoma Coptidis high yield needs soil layer
Deep, the soil is porous.The Rhizoma Coptidis per unit area yield of the soil plantation of pure quartzy sandstone development is low, and color is gloomy.Pure purples shale matrix is sent out
The soil plantation Rhizoma Coptidis for educating, because rock ballast it is many, Rhizoma Coptidis root system and root stock undergrowth.Although exterior of commodity bright but per unit area yield
Also it is low.
4.1 improvement frames.The wooden stake of traditional Rhizoma Coptidis frame, wooden cross bar, little tree and branch make lid material, and one mu of Rhizoma Coptidis needs 3
Mu forest land.Ecological to save forest land conservation, we did stake stalk and used cement stalk instead, and lid material uses sunshade net instead, and cross bar is used instead zinc-plated
Pipe etc., cross bar and lid material Improvement type are failures.This technology is innovated：According to all ages and classes limit, Rhizoma Coptidis in Rhizoma Coptidis growth in 5 years
Cultivation has different emphasis, and also has different requirements to shade density, and is innovated.
4.1.1 phase based on Rhizoma Coptidis nutrient growth（Field planting the first three years）Shade density cannot be below 75-65%, based on reproductive growth
Phase（It is colonized the 4th year）Shade density most preferably 50% or so, phase based on Rhizome deve-lopment（5th year）Shade density is 40% or so most
It is good.
4.1.2 the main points for improveing are：A stake stalk cement poles；Cross bar is with No. 8 iron wires；40% miscellaneous bamboo+20% of lid timber-used tree
The corn stalk of branch+40%.The advantage of this frame not only saves the forest reserves, reduces production cost, and because miscellaneous bamboo, branch
Fork is different with the rotten speed of corn straw, just consistent with the requirement of Rhizoma Coptidis different growing stages shade density.
5.1 science divide the different emphasis that Rhizoma Coptidis cultivate different years, change the low level management of traditional scheme for a continuous course of five years, create
The technology mode of new high-yield culturing.
4.1.1 different growth phases, the Controlling the procreation growth time limit are divided.Rhizoma Coptidis are just blossomed and beared fruit then from field planting, therefore
There is no vegetative growth phase and the generative growth phase that can completely divide.But to obtain good quality and high output Rhizoma Coptidis commodity and sturdy full
Rhizoma Coptidis seed, we position the first three years of field planting for vegetative growth phase；4th year positioning generative growth phase；5th year sturdy
The rhizome stage.
4.1.2 determine that different phase there are different emphases of supervision.Vegetative growth phase is it is important that cultivate Rhizoma Coptidis plant
Body, promotion branch amount and branch increase；Generative growth phase mainly obtains full sturdy seed；The sturdy rhizome stage is main
It is to suppress branch to sprout, promotes blade, petiole nutrition to be back to rhizome.
4.1.3 the strict Controlling the procreation growth in addition to needing to obtain the 4th year of seed.3 to three year and sturdy rhizome
5th year, it was the most important thing of management to control Flowering stalk formation and forbid blossoming and bearing fruit.The First Year of field planting, flower a kind of sedge are generally 1-2
It is individual, with the broken bud of blade.The the 2nd, the 3rd, the 5th year of field planting, when flower a kind of sedge is higher than blade face 5cm or so, with small-sized electric deep pruning machine cut
Deflorate a kind of sedge.After first time deep pruning, every 7-10 days, deep pruning once, must be eliminated again.To prevent wound infection, sprayed after every deep pruning every other day
200 times of Bordeaux mixture are once.
5.1 scientific utilization of fertilizer.Traditional Coptis planting per unit area yield is not high, the reason for quality is not excellent：One is long on Rhizoma Coptidis cultivation fertilizer
Phase " high nitrogen, high phosphorus, light potassium "；Two is to despise organic fertilizer application；Three is to ignore soil microorganism environment optimization.
5.1.1 after mountain area manual labour agricultural has become rural economy principal income, agricultural workforce's wretched insufficiency, agriculture
The also atrophy increasingly of village's aquaculture, plants Rhizoma Coptidis and applies 2000kg pigs and cattle excrement with impossible by the mu that custom is advocated.Tradition plants even potassium unit
Element is mainly supplemented with plant ash, now also unrealistic because stopping cultivated also woods.After particularly forbidding the deforestation reclamation of wasteland kind to connect, Coptis planting changes
For alpine region arable land based on.
5.1.2 Fertility of Paddy Soils level（Lichuan City Fargesia small stream region Bai Zhu Ba Cun, phoenix ditch village, Long Tangpu villages, main road angle
Village's meansigma methodss）For：Organic matter 3.8%, full nitrogen 1.2%, available phosphoruss 48mg*kg, effective potassium 51mg*kg.
5.1.4 Rhizoma Coptidis high-yield culturing realizes per mu yield 600kg, 5 years N P K total demands be：N：45-50kg, P2O5：15-
17kg, K2O ：25-28kg
5.1.6 with fertile type and quantity.Humus（Swamp type is done）1500kg, rapeseed cake（Crush）280kg, phosphorus ammonium
45kg, potassium sulfate 120kg, carbon ammonium 200kg, em bacterium stock solutions 4kg, fertile soil spy bacterium medicine fertilizer 20kg.Humus（Swamp type is done）Nutrition
Composition N, P2O5、K2O content is 2%, 0.39% and 0.26%.Rapeseed cake nutritional labeling N, P2O5、K2O content is 5%, 1%
With 3%..
5.1.6.1 base fertilizer：Humus 500kg+ rapeseed cakes（Crush）50kg+ carbon ammonium 20kg+ potassium sulfate 20kg+em bacterium stock solutions
2kg.Preparation method：Em bacterium stock solutions 2kg add Chinese liquor 1000g, brown sugar 2000g sealing and fermenting 5-7 days systems after being watered 50kg dilutions
Into em mother solutions, then with humus 500kg, 50kg rapeseed cake（Crush）After layering mixing, anaerobic fermentation is after 15 days, then aerobic fermentation
With carbon ammonium after 20-30 days, potassium sulfate mix is applied（Must mix and use）.
5.1.6.2 topdress according to different years and different emphases of supervision, it is determined that with fertilizer kind and quantity.
5.1.6.2.1 the first three years are colonized.Per mu of annual humus 200kg, rapeseed cake 40kg, carbon ammonium 40kg, fertile soil spy bacterium
Medicine fertilizer 4kg, potassium sulfate 15kg, phosphorus ammonium 5kg are applied in four times（Mid or late Febuary in spring）, summer（At the beginning of -5 months late Aprils）, autumn
（At the beginning of August）And winter（Late October）.Note：Dressing time is made sure to keep in mind dog days and is topdressed, and two is that winter top dressing must be used out within October.
5.1.6.2.2 topdress main points：After the fermentation of a humus（The same base fertilizer of method）Use with reference to face mud is spread；B rapeseed cake carbon
Use after the spy bacterium medicine fertilizer potassium sulfate phosphorus ammonium mixing of ammonium fertile soil, it is necessary to mix and use；Face mud is spread immediately after c fertilisings.D faces mud is every
Secondary thickness 0.4-0.6cm, blocked up rhizome formation " Huang Qiao ", excessively thin rhizome do not extend.
5.1.6.3 breeding Rhizoma Coptidis kind year fertilizing management（It is colonized the 4th year）.Spring fertilizer, summer fertilizer take different from autumn fertilizer, winter top dressing
Consumption and distinct methods.
5.1.6.3.1 promote fertilizers for potted flowers：With promote reproductive growth and protection bud survive the winter based on.Administration season is early spring（December
Bottom-unit's beginning of the month）, mu humus 200kg+ rapeseed cake 20kg（Use after fermentation, the same base fertilizer of method）+ phosphorus ammonium 10kg+ fertile soil is special
Bacterium medicine fertilizer 1kg, spreads fertilizer over the fields in earthing after being sufficiently mixed（0.8-1.0cm）.
5.1.6.3.2 seed strong fertilizer：Based on Accelerate bloom knot.Time of application is in bud stage（At the beginning of about by the end of February=3 months）, mu
Use rapeseed cake（Fermentation）The spy's bacterium medicine fertilizer 1kg+ potassium sulfate 10kg mixing of 10kg+ carbon ammonium 20kg+ phosphorus ammonium 10kg+ fertile soil is spread fertilizer over the fields, thin to spread
Face mud（0.2-0.4cm）.
5.1.6.3.3 the autumn and winter are fertile：Rhizoma Coptidis knot will expend a large amount of nutrition, and autumn and winter fertilizer to recover Rhizoma Coptidis growth potential is then
It is main.Mu rapeseed cake fertilizer（Fermentation）40kg+ carbon ammonium 25kg+ potassium sulfate 20kg+ phosphorus ammonium 5kg+ fertile soil spy bacterium medicine fertilizer 2kg, at twice
Apply.It is both to spread face mud after fertilising（Thickness 0.8-1.0cm）.
5.1.7 Rhizoma Coptidis cultivate one's last year (the 5th year) cultivation management.It is important that preventing senilism, rhizome yield and business are improved
Product appearance luster.
5.1.7.1 by 200kg fertile soil and rapeseed cake 40kg mixing after fermentation（The same base fertilizer of method）Potassium sulfate 25kg fertile soil
Special bacterium medicine fertilizer 4kg carbon ammonium 20kg phosphorus ammoniums 5kg is in three times（Spring, the summer, the autumn,）, spring and summer adheres to earthing（Thickness 0.4-0.6cm）.
5.1.7.2 retain frame degree of shading 40% or so until digging, makes sure to keep in mind to open canopy.Spacious canopy can cause blade too early
Withered death, has a strong impact on yield and quality.
Embodiment described above is one kind preferably scheme of the present invention, not the present invention is made any pro forma
Limit, also have other variants and remodeling on the premise of without departing from the technical scheme described in claim.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of Rhizoma Coptidis cultivating superior high-yield method, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps：
Using isolation breeding, in breeding, selecting big floral leaf maternal as breeding, big floral leaf Seedling being selected from nursery, isolation is cultivated,
Maternal field is set up, in the management of maternal field, the thin planting of 20000 plants of mu of execution, in good time breeding, the field planting percentage of seedgermination of 4 years,
Germinating energy and emergence rate highest, the winter top dressing for preparing the maternal field of breeding were applied to the beginning of October at the bottom of September, and dose is：Per mu is applied
Add the microbial activity bacterial manure 2kg ammonium 5kg that phosphorate to add potassium sulfate 3kg with rape cake 50kg, mud 1 is covered after spreading fertilizer over the fields to 1.5cm, seed strong fertilizer exists
It is to apply late Febuary before early spring bolting, mu dose adds carbon ammonium 10kg to add potassium sulfate 10kg mixing to spread fertilizer over the fields for phosphorus ammonium 10kg, covers mud
0.5 to 1.0cm, from seedling age 12-14 month, plant greenery number 8 to 10, disease-free spot worm channel, projecting blade were closely heart-shaped, and lateral lobe is not deep
Split, leaf margin without sharp mouth, without sharp point, tie shape and have the high yield of 1 to 2 branch's root stock formation blade tip blunt circle by Rhizoma Coptidis Seedling luxuriant tumor
Seedling, the seed quality of per mu of sowing is 1.5kg, soaks Rhizoma Coptidis seed 30 minutes with the zeatin of mass concentration 10ppm during sowing,
Filter moisture and sow after drying；During 12 months to 14 months of Rhizoma Coptidis nursery, monthly thinning, to weak strain, diseased plant
Nursery burning is removed and is taken out of with the hybrid strain for not meeting big floral leaf Rhizoma Coptidis Seedling feature, is started in 3 to 4 leaf of Rhizoma Coptidis Seedling, every 30 days
Foliage fertilizer is sprayed once with the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of mass concentration 0.2% to 0.3%；
Improvement plantation land used, soil select high mountain rice soil, parent soil material to select the slide rock of Purple Shale and quartzy sandstone alternating layers
Thing soil；Plot requires smooth, fertile, soil fertility equilibrium, on the sunny side；
Improvement frame, stake bar cement pole, cross bar add the branch of 20% tree with No. 8 iron wires, by mass 40% miscellaneous bamboo of lid timber-used
The corn stalk for plus 40%, Rhizoma Coptidis are colonized the first three years shade density higher than 65%, and the 4th year shade density of field planting is 50%, is colonized the 5th year and hides
Cloudy degree is 35-40%；
The First Year of field planting, blade broken bud when flower a kind of sedge is 1 to 2, the 2nd, the 3rd and the 5th year of field planting, when flower a kind of sedge is higher than blade face
During 5cm or so, deflorated a kind of sedge with small-sized electric deep pruning machine cut, after first time deep pruning, every 7 to 10 days, deep pruning once, was eliminated again, every time
Deep pruning sprays 200 times of Bordeaux mixture once every other day after spending a kind of sedge,
Rhizoma Coptidis high-yield culturing realizes 5 years N of per mu yield 600kg：P：K total demands are, N：35 to 40kg, P2O5：15 to 17kg,
K2O：25 to 28kg.
2. Rhizoma Coptidis cultivating superior high-yield method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：If Rhizoma Coptidis Seedling shows nitrogen stress disease
Shape, then mu carbamide 1 to 2kg combine spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate administration.
3. Rhizoma Coptidis cultivating superior high-yield method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Rhizoma Coptidis high-yield culturing realizes per mu yield
5 years of 600kg with fertile type and quantity are, humus 1500kg, rapeseed cake 280kg, phosphorus ammonium 45kg, potassium sulfate 120kg, carbon
Ammonium 205kg, em bacterium stock solution 2kg, fertile soil spy bacterium medicine fertilizer 20kg, humus nutritional labeling N, P2O5And K2O content respectively 2%,
0.39% and 0.26%, rapeseed cake nutritional labeling N, P2O5、K2O content is 5%, 1% and 3%,
Base fertilizer adds rapeseed cake 50kg to add carbon ammonium 20kg to add potassium sulfate 20kg to add em bacterium stock solutions 2kg for humus 500kg,
Field planting of topdressing is first 3 years, per mu apply every year humus 200kg, rapeseed cake 40kg, carbon ammonium 40kg, fertile soil spy bacterium medicine fertilizer 4kg,
Potassium sulfate 15kg and phosphorus ammonium 5kg, is applied in four times；
Rhizoma Coptidis are colonized the 4th year spring fertilizer：Administration season is early spring i.e. by the end of December to first beginning of the month, and mu humus 200kg adds rapeseed cake
The 20kg ammonium 10kg that phosphorate add fertile soil spy bacterium medicine fertilizer 1kg, spread fertilizer over the fields again earthing 0.5 to 0.8cm after being sufficiently mixed, and the summer, fertile time of application existed
I.e. by the end of February at the beginning of 3 months, mu rapeseed cake 10kg adds the carbon ammonium 20kg ammonium 10kg that phosphorates to add fertile soil spy bacterium medicine fertilizer 1kg to add sulfur to bud stage
Sour potassium 10kg mixing is spread fertilizer over the fields, and to 0.4cm, autumn and winter fertilizer, mu rapeseed cake fertilizer 40kg add carbon ammonium 25kg to add potassium sulfate to the thin face mud 0.2 that spreads
The 20kg ammonium 5kg that phosphorate add fertile soil spy bacterium medicine fertilizer 2kg, application in two dressings that face mud thickness 0.6 is spread after fertilising to 0.8cm,
Potassium sulfate 25kg is added to add fertile soil spy bacterium medicine fertilizer 4kg to add 200kg fertile soil and rapeseed cake 40kg mixing after fermentation within 5th year
The carbon ammonium 20kg ammonium 5kg that phosphorates is applied in three times, and spring and summer adheres to earthing, and thickness is 0.4 to 0.6cm, retains frame degree of shading 40% straight
To digging.
4. Rhizoma Coptidis cultivating superior high-yield method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：The preparation method of the base fertilizer
For, em bacterium stock solutions 2kg add Chinese liquor 1000g and brown sugar 2000g, sealing and fermenting 5-7 days to make em mother solutions after being watered 50kg dilutions,
After em mother solutions are mixed with the layering of humus 500kg and 50kg rapeseed cake again, anaerobic fermentation is after 15 days, then aerobic fermentation 20-30
Apply with carbon ammonium and potassium sulfate mix after it.
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