CN113321562A - Chemically synthesized water-soluble fertilizer special for apples in full bearing period and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Chemically synthesized water-soluble fertilizer special for apples in full bearing period and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113321562A CN113321562A CN202110649079.0A CN202110649079A CN113321562A CN 113321562 A CN113321562 A CN 113321562A CN 202110649079 A CN202110649079 A CN 202110649079A CN 113321562 A CN113321562 A CN 113321562A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of a special chemically synthesized water-soluble fertilizer for apples in full bearing period in different growth stages, and belongs to the technical field of production of chemical fertilizers. The method takes agricultural monoammonium phosphate, agricultural potassium chloride, urea and the like as main raw materials, and prepares the fully-crystalline water-soluble fertilizer with stable chemical composition by means of cross-linking polymerization and the like according to nutrient absorption rules of apple trees in full bearing period at different growth stages. The chemically synthesized water-soluble fertilizer special for apples in the full bearing period has the characteristics of easy absorption, difficult moisture absorption and caking, excellent physical and chemical properties and the like. By applying the special water-soluble fertilizer for apple trees in the full bearing age, the yield and the quality of apples can be obviously improved, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved, and the residue of the fertilizer in soil is reduced.
Description
One, the technical field
The invention relates to a water-soluble fertilizer, in particular to a preparation method and a use method of a chemically synthesized water-soluble fertilizer special for apples in full bearing period, and belongs to the technical field of fertilizer production.
Second, background Art
Apple (Malus pumila) is a plant of the genus Malus of the subfamily Maloideae of the family Rosaceae. The apple fruits are rich in minerals and vitamins, and are one of the favorite and frequently-eaten fruits. Apple is a good product for beauty, and can not only reduce weight, but also make skin smooth and tender. The apple is a low-calorie food, only 60 kcal of heat is generated per 100g of pulp, and the apple has high solubility of nutrient components and is easy to be absorbed by human bodies, so that the apple is called as 'running water' to lubricate and soften the skin. Vc in apple is a health element for protecting heart and heart diseases. Therefore, apples are called "all-round healthy fruits" or "doctor first drug". The apple has mild taste, is rich in carbohydrate, vitamins and mineral elements, contains malic acid, tartaric acid and carotene, and is one of all vegetables and fruits with the most nearly perfect nutritional value.
The apple is an important component of agriculture, along with the adjustment of rural industrial structure and the release of agricultural product market, the market competitiveness of the apple is stronger and stronger, and the yield and quality of apple trees become the personal problem concerned by apple growers
The fertilizer is one of the main factors for restricting the yield and the quality of the apples. At present, apple growers generally have the wrong idea of 'multiple fertilization and multiple harvest'. According to statistics, the use of the fertilizer in the production of apples in northern China will continue to increase, and the use amounts of NPK reach 300-2The nitrogen application rate of apple in Shandong province is up to 837kg/hm2Is far higher than the developed national fertilization level of the apple industry in the world.
The special water-soluble fertilizer for the apples is a water-soluble fertilizer which is prepared on the basis of deeply researching fertilizer requirements of the apples at different growth and development stages and is integrally applied for special water and fertilizer, has the characteristics of balanced nutrients, strong pertinence, high nutrient utilization rate and the like, has the nutrient element utilization rate which is higher than that of a universal water-soluble fertilizer by more than 20 percent, can effectively reduce leaching of nitrate in soil, and greatly reduces pollution to the environment. The special water-soluble fertilizer has high nutrient utilization rate, so that the soil has less residue, the nutrient structure of the soil can be gradually optimized after long-term application, the salt content in the soil is reduced, the soil is loosened, the soil fertility is improved, and the soil is fertile after growing; meanwhile, the disease resistance of the apple can be obviously enhanced and the pesticide consumption can be reduced by applying the water-soluble fertilizer special for the apple; the apples produced by applying the special water soluble fertilizer have high yield, good quality and good taste.
The current production methods of water soluble fertilizers at home and abroad mainly adopt physical blending, and the raw materials for producing the water soluble fertilizers have low solubility, easy generation of precipitates and caking and high salt index. The chemically synthesized water-soluble fertilizer has the advantages of good appearance, 100 percent of full water solubility, no caking, better instant solubility and absorptivity, easy control of the pH value of the product and the like.
Although the water and fertilizer integration technology is more and more widely applied to apple planting, the special water-soluble fertilizer for apples, which is prepared and produced according to different growth and development stages of apples, is generally lacked in the current agricultural market, and the exertion of the advantages of the water and fertilizer integration technology is seriously influenced; on the other hand, most of the existing water-soluble fertilizers are prepared by physical blending, the raw materials are low in purity and cannot be completely dissolved in water, and the water-soluble fertilizers are also one of important factors which seriously influence the exertion of the advantages of the water-fertilizer integration technology.
Third, the invention
In order to overcome the problems of the existing water-soluble fertilizer, the invention provides a special water-soluble fertilizer for chemically synthesizing apples in different growth stages in the full-bearing period and a preparation and application method thereof according to the nutrient requirement rule of the apples in the full-bearing period. The water-soluble fertilizer special for chemically synthesized apples can effectively improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer by more than 20 percent, greatly reduce soil residues and gradually improve the soil quality. The apples planted by the special water soluble fertilizer have high yield and good quality.
The invention provides a special water-soluble fertilizer for chemically synthesized apples and a preparation method thereof.
The invention provides a special water-soluble fertilizer for chemically synthesized apples and a preparation method thereof, wherein the special water-soluble fertilizer for chemically synthesized apples comprises the following components in parts by weight: n5.0% -11.0%; p2O520.0％～37.0％；K2O 5.0％～15.0％；Ca 2.0％～10.0％；Mg1.0％～6.0％；Fe 0.5～5.0；Mn 0.2～5.0％；B0.1％～3.0％；Zn 0.1％～2.0％；Cu 0.1～1.0％；Mo 0.01％～0.05％。
The chemically synthesized water-soluble fertilizer special for apples and the preparation method thereof as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water-soluble fertilizer special for apples comprises the following components and contents:
5-10 parts of urea
3-6 parts of monoammonium phosphate
3.5-6 parts of agricultural potassium chloride
1-3 parts of calcium nitrate
Magnesium sulfate 1-2 parts
0.5-1 part of ferrous sulfate
0.3-0.6 part of manganese sulfate
0.2-0.5 part of boric acid
0.05 to 0.3 portion of copper sulfate
0.05 to 0.3 portion of zinc sulfate
0.01-0.2 parts of ammonium molybdate
The invention preferably selects the raw material of the special chemical synthesis water-soluble fertilizer, which consists of the following components in parts by weight
1. Before full-bearing apple blossoms:
6 portions of urea
3 portions of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate
Agricultural potassium chloride 4 parts
1 part of calcium nitrate
Magnesium sulfate 1 part
Ferrous sulfate 0.8 part
0.6 part of manganese sulfate
Boric acid 0.5 part
Copper sulfate 0.2 part
0.2 part of zinc sulfate
0.02 portion of ammonium molybdate
2. Early flowering stage-after flowering
5 portions of urea
3 parts of monoammonium phosphate
5 portions of agricultural potassium chloride
1 part of calcium nitrate
Magnesium sulfate 1 part
Ferrous sulfate 0.5 part
0.3 part of manganese sulfate
Boric acid 0.5 part
Copper sulfate 0.2 part
0.1 part of zinc sulfate
0.01 part of ammonium molybdate
3. Initial fruit-fruit expansion period
4 portions of urea
3 parts of monoammonium phosphate
6 portions of agricultural potassium chloride
2 parts of calcium nitrate
Magnesium sulfate 2 parts
Ferrous sulfate 0.5 part
0.4 part of manganese sulfate
Boric acid 0.2 part
Copper sulfate 0.05
0.03 part of zinc sulfate
0.02 portion of ammonium molybdate
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
firstly placing 3 parts of monoammonium phosphate and 2 parts of phosphoric acid in a reaction kettle at 150 ℃ and stirring for 2 hours, then cooling to 80 ℃, adding 5 parts of urea to react for 3 hours, then cooling to 50 ℃, adding 40 parts of pure water and 1 part of sodium sulfonate to stir uniformly, adding 1 part of calcium nitrate, 1 part of magnesium sulfate, 0.5 part of ferrous sulfate, 0.3 part of manganese sulfate, 0.5 part of boric acid, 0.2 part of copper sulfate, 0.1 part of zinc sulfate and 0.01 part of ammonium molybdate according to the sequence, continuing stirring and reacting for 1 hour at 50 ℃, and finally adding 5 parts of agricultural potassium chloride to stir uniformly. The reacted solution is prepared into powder by adopting a spray drying method, wherein the specific drying temperature is 95 ℃, the feeding speed is 500mL/min, and the outlet temperature is 60 ℃.
3. Initial fruit-fruit expansion period
4 portions of urea
3 parts of monoammonium phosphate
6 portions of agricultural potassium chloride
2 parts of calcium nitrate
Magnesium sulfate 2 parts
Ferrous sulfate 0.5 part
0.4 part of manganese sulfate
Boric acid 0.2 part
Copper sulfate 0.05
0.03 part of zinc sulfate
0.02 portion of ammonium molybdate
The optimal use method of the chemically synthesized special water-soluble fertilizer for apples comprises the following steps:
fertigation is carried out for 1 time before flowering. Dissolving 10 kg of the special water soluble fertilizer for apples chemically synthesized before apple trees bloom in 25 cubic of clear water, uniformly stirring, and applying by drip irrigation.
And (3) fertigation is carried out for 2 times in the initial flowering period and after flowering, 20 kg of the special water-soluble fertilizer for apples chemically synthesized in the initial flowering period and after flowering of apple trees is dissolved by 20 cubic degrees of clear water, and the mixture is stirred uniformly and applied by fertigation.
Fertigation is carried out for 3 times in the initial fruit-fruit expansion period. Dissolving 20 kg of special water-soluble fertilizer for apples chemically synthesized in the initial fruit-fruit expanding period of apple trees by using 20 cubic of clear water, uniformly stirring, and applying by drip irrigation.
Compared with the general water soluble fertilizer physically mixed in the market, the chemically synthesized special water soluble fertilizer for apples has the following advantages:
the special water-soluble fertilizer for the apples in the full bearing period is prepared according to different fertilizer requirements of the apples in different growth stages, and has balanced nutrients, strong pertinence and high nutrient utilization rate.
Because the nutrient utilization rate is high, the soil residue is less, the nutrient structure of the soil in the apple orchard can be gradually optimized after long-term application, the soil is loosened, the soil fertility is improved, and the soil is fertile after growing;
the special water-soluble fertilizer for apples in the full bearing period is rich and comprehensive in nutrition, is rich in various nutrient elements for promoting growth and development of branches, leaves and fruits, and contains fulvic acid capable of improving the soil environment for crop growth, can obviously enhance the disease resistance of crops, reduces the pesticide consumption, and obviously increases the yield.
The apples planted by applying the special water-soluble fertilizer for the apples in the full bearing period have high yield, excellent quality and good taste.
By applying the water-soluble fertilizer special for apples in the full bearing period, leaching of nitrate in soil can be reduced, and pollution to the environment is greatly reduced.
The appearance is good, and the product phase is uniform;
instant dissolution and full water dissolution;
moisture absorption and caking are not easy;
the pH value is easy to adjust.
Fourthly, the concrete implementation method
The technical solutions in the present invention are described clearly and completely below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a few embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Preparation of special water-soluble fertilizer for apples in full bearing period
The chemically synthesized water-soluble fertilizer special for apples in full bearing period produced in the example has the following nutrient characters before blooming:
80 portions of dried, crushed and sieved urea (N, 46 percent), monoammonium phosphate (N, 11.5 percent and P2O561 percent of agricultural potassium chloride (K)2O, 52%), 16 parts magnesium sulfate (Mg, 16%), calcium nitrate (Ca, 17%; n, 11.5%) 18 parts; 3.0 parts of ferrous sulfate (Fe, 20%), 1.0 part of manganese sulfate (Mn, 32.5%), 0.5 part of boric acid (B, 17%), 0.2 part of copper sulfate (Cu, 25.5%), 0.3 part of zinc sulfate (Zn, 14.5%) and 0.5 part of ammonium molybdate (Mo, 54%).
The following method is utilized to prepare the chemically synthesized water-soluble fertilizer for apples in full bearing period before blooming
50 parts of monoammonium phosphate and 40 parts of phosphoric acid are placed in a reaction kettle at the temperature of 150 ℃ and stirred for 2 hours, then the temperature is reduced to 80 ℃, 80 parts of urea is added for reaction for 3 hours, then the temperature is reduced to 50 ℃, 480 parts of pure water and 12 parts of sodium sulfonate are added and stirred uniformly, 18 parts of calcium nitrate, 16 parts of magnesium sulfate, 3.0 parts of ferrous sulfate, 1.0 part of manganese sulfate, 0.5 part of boric acid, 0.2 part of copper sulfate, 0.3 part of zinc sulfate and 0.5 part of ammonium molybdate are added according to the sequence, the stirring reaction is continued for 0.5 hour at the temperature of 50 ℃, and finally 32 parts of agricultural potassium chloride are added and stirred uniformly. The reacted solution is prepared into powder by adopting a spray drying method, wherein the specific drying temperature is 95 ℃, the feeding speed is 500mL/min, and the outlet temperature is 60 ℃.
The properties of the produced chemically synthesized water-soluble fertilizer used before blooming of the apples in the full bearing period are as follows:
N 21％；P2O515％；K2o8 percent; the Mg content is 1.2%; 1.3 percent of Ca; 0.5% of Fe, 0.3% of Mn, 0.25% of B, 0.15% of Zn, 0.05% of Cu and 0.015% of Mo;
the chemically synthesized water-soluble fertilizer special for apples in full bearing period produced in the example has the following nutrient characters in the initial flowering period and the postflowering period:
50 parts of dried, crushed and sieved urea (N, 46 percent), monoammonium phosphate (N, 11.5 percent and P2O561 percent of agricultural potassium chloride (K)2O, 52%), 80 parts of magnesium sulfate (Mg, 16%), 14 parts of calcium nitrate (Ca, 17%; n, 11.5%) 24 parts; (ii) a 2.5 parts of ferrous sulfate (Fe, 20%); 2.0 parts of manganese sulfate (Mn, 32.5%); boric acid (B, 17%), zinc sulfate (Zn, 14.5%), copper sulfate (Cu, 25.5%), ammonium molybdate (Mo, 54%) 0.2 parts.
The properties of the produced chemically synthesized apples in the full-bearing stage in the initial flowering stage and after flowering by using water-soluble fertilizer are as follows:
N 12.5％；P2O512％；K2O 18％；Mg 1％；Ca 1.5％；Fe 0.6％；Mn 0.3％；B 0.5％；Zn 0.15％；Cu 0.10％；Mo 0.025％。
the properties of the produced chemically synthesized water-soluble fertilizer for the primary apple in full bearing period-fruit expansion period are as follows:
60 parts of dried, crushed and sieved urine (N, 46 percent), monoammonium phosphate (N, 11.5 percent and P2O561 percent of agricultural potassium chloride (K)2O, 52%), 15 parts of magnesium sulfate (Mg, 16%), calcium nitrate (Ca, 17%; n, 11.5%), 3.0 parts of ferrous sulfate (Fe, 20%); 1.5 parts of manganese sulfate (Mn, 32.5%); boric acid (B, 17%), zinc sulfate (Zn, 14.5%), copper sulfate (Cu, 25.5%), ammonium molybdate (Mo, 54%) 0.0.0 parts.
The properties of the produced chemically synthesized water-soluble fertilizer for the primary apple in full bearing period-fruit expansion period are as follows:
N 14％；P2O512.5％；K2O 21.5％；Mg 0.65％；Ca 0.6％；Fe 0.25％；Mn 0.2％；B 0.15％；Zn 0.1％；Cu 0.05％；Mo 0.02％。
application example 1
The method is carried out in apple orchard of Shandong Xintai cherry Shanhong Union, the age of the tree is 8 years, and the tree is Hongfush. The test is started in autumn of 2018, the water-fertilizer integrated technology is applied by taking the water-soluble fertilizer which is physically mixed with the same proportion and dosage as a reference, and the result is shown in table 1.
Table 1 Fuji apple yield and quality for different treatments in application example 1
From the results in table 1, it can be seen that the contents of soluble protein, Vc, soluble sugar, fruit hardness and fruit shape index of the chemically synthesized water-soluble fertilizer special for apples applied under the same nutrient application amount are all higher than those of the physically mixed water-soluble fertilizer. Therefore, compared with the physically mixed water-soluble fertilizer with the same nutrient content, the chemically synthesized water-soluble fertilizer special for apples in the full bearing period can improve the yield and the quality of the apples.
Example 2
Preparation of special water-soluble fertilizer for apples in full bearing period
The chemically synthesized water-soluble fertilizer special for apples in full bearing period produced in the example has the following nutrient characters before blooming:
90 portions of dried, crushed and sieved urea (N, 46 percent), monoammonium phosphate (N, 11.5 percent and P2O561 percent of agricultural potassium chloride (K)2O, 52%), 25 parts of magnesium sulfate (Mg, 16%), calcium nitrate (Ca, 17%; n, 11.5%) 22 parts; 3.5 parts of ferrous sulfate (Fe, 20%); 1.2 parts of manganese sulfate (Mn, 32.5%); 5 parts of boric acid (B, 17%); 2 parts of zinc sulfate (Zn, 14.5%); 0.25 part of copper sulfate (Cu, 25.5%); 1 part of ammonium molybdate (Mo, 54%).
The following method is utilized to prepare the chemically synthesized water-soluble fertilizer for apples in full bearing period before blooming
Firstly, 60 parts of monoammonium phosphate and 46 parts of phosphoric acid are placed in a reaction kettle at the temperature of 150 ℃ and stirred for 2 hours, then the temperature is reduced to 80 ℃, 80 parts of urea is added for reaction for 3 hours, then the temperature is reduced to 50 ℃, 480 parts of pure water and 12 parts of sodium sulfonate are added and stirred uniformly, 18 parts of calcium nitrate, 15 parts of magnesium sulfate, 4.0 parts of ferrous sulfate, 1.4 parts of manganese sulfate, 2.0 parts of boric acid, 0.3 part of copper sulfate, 3 parts of zinc sulfate and 3 parts of ammonium molybdate are added according to the sequence, the stirring reaction is continued for 0.4 hour at the temperature of 50 ℃, and finally 40 parts of agricultural potassium chloride are added and stirred uniformly. The reacted solution is prepared into powder by adopting a spray drying method, wherein the specific drying temperature is 95 ℃, the feeding speed is 500mL/min, and the outlet temperature is 60 ℃.
The properties of the produced chemically synthesized water-soluble fertilizer used before blooming of the apples in the full bearing period are as follows:
N 20.5％；P2O515％；K2O 6.5％；Mg 1.7％；Ca 1.3％；Fe 0.4％；Mn 0.3％；B 0.35％；Zn 0.12％；Cu 0.15％；Mo 0.2％；
the chemically synthesized water-soluble fertilizer special for apples in full bearing period produced in the example has the following nutrient characters in the initial flowering period and the postflowering period:
100 portions of dried, crushed and sieved urea (N, 46 percent), monoammonium phosphate (N, 11.5 percent and P2O561 percent of agricultural potassium chloride (K)2O, 52%), 15 parts of magnesium sulfate (Mg, 16%), calcium nitrate (Ca, 17%; n, 11.5%) 18 parts; 4.0 parts of ferrous sulfate (Fe, 20%); 1.4 parts of manganese sulfate (Mn, 32.5%); 2 parts of boric acid (B, 17%) and 0.3 part of copper sulfate (Cu, 25.5%); 3 parts of ammonium molybdate (Mo, 54%) and 3 parts of zinc sulfate (Zn, 14.5%).
The properties of the produced chemically synthesized apples in the full-bearing stage in the initial flowering stage and after flowering by using water-soluble fertilizer are as follows:
N 22.5％；P2O515.5％；K2O 9.5％；Mg 1.0％；Ca 1.0％；Fe 0.25％；Mn 0.1％；B 0.1％；Zn 0.2％；Cu 0.02％；Mo 0.03％。
the properties of the produced chemically synthesized water-soluble fertilizer for the primary apple in full bearing period-fruit expansion period are as follows:
40 portions of dried, crushed and sieved urea (N, 46 percent), monoammonium phosphate (N, 11.5 percent and P2O561 percent of agricultural potassium chloride (K)2O, 52%), magnesium sulfate (Mg, 16%), and calcium nitrate (Ca, 12%) 120 parts; 6.0 parts of ferrous sulfate (Fe, 20%); 1.5 parts of manganese sulfate (Mn, 32.5%); 2 parts of boric acid (B, 17%) and 1 part of ammonium molybdate (Mo, 54%); 1.0 part of copper sulfate (Cu, 25.5%); 2 parts of zinc sulfate (Zn, 14.5%).
The properties of the produced chemically synthesized water-soluble fertilizer for the primary apple in full bearing period-fruit expansion period are as follows:
N 14％；P2O512.5％；K2O 21.5％；Mg 0.65％；Ca 0.6％；Fe 0.35％；Mn 0.20％；B 0.15％；Zn 0.1％；Cu 0.05％；Mo 0.02％。
application example 2
Is carried out in apple orchard of Yida fruit industry Co., Ltd in Shandong fat city, and has the age of 6 years. The test is started in autumn of 2018, the water-fertilizer integration technology is applied by taking the water-soluble fertilizer which is physically mixed with the same proportion and dosage as a reference, and the result is shown in table 2.
Table 2 effect of different treatments on yield and quality of fuji apples in application example 2
From the results in table 2, it can be seen that the contents of soluble protein, Vc, soluble sugar, fruit hardness and fruit shape index of the chemically synthesized water-soluble fertilizer special for apples applied under the same nutrient application amount are all higher than those of the physically mixed water-soluble fertilizer. Therefore, compared with the physically mixed water-soluble fertilizer with the same nutrient content, the chemically synthesized water-soluble fertilizer special for the apples in the full bearing period can improve the yield and the quality of the apples.
Example 3
Preparation of special water-soluble fertilizer for apples in full bearing period
The chemically synthesized water-soluble fertilizer special for apples in full bearing period produced in the example has the following nutrient characters before blooming:
70 portions of dried, crushed and sieved urea (N, 46 percent), monoammonium phosphate (N, 11.5 percent and P2O561 percent of agricultural potassium chloride (K)2O, 52%), magnesium sulfate (Mg, 16%) 30 parts, calcium nitrate (Ca, 17%; n, 11.5%) 8 parts; 4.5 parts of ferrous sulfate (Fe, 20%); 1.5 parts of manganese sulfate (Mn, 32.5%); 3 parts of boric acid (B, 17%) and 3 parts of ammonium molybdate (Mo, 54%); copper sulfate (Cu, 25.5%) 0.5 parts, zinc sulfate (Zn, 14.5%) 2 parts.
The following method is utilized to prepare the chemically synthesized water-soluble fertilizer for apples in full bearing period before blooming
Firstly, 40 parts of monoammonium phosphate and 36 parts of phosphoric acid are placed in a reaction kettle at the temperature of 150 ℃ and stirred for 2 hours, then the temperature is reduced to 80 ℃, 70 parts of urea is added for reaction for 2 hours, then the temperature is reduced to 50 ℃, 500 parts of pure water and 10 parts of sodium sulfonate are added and stirred uniformly, 12 parts of calcium nitrate, 15 parts of magnesium sulfate, 5.5 parts of ferrous sulfate, 3.5 parts of manganese sulfate, 4 parts of boric acid, 0.5 part of copper sulfate, 2 parts of zinc sulfate and 2 parts of ammonium molybdate are added according to the sequence, the stirring reaction is continued for 0.4 hour at the temperature of 50 ℃, and finally 80 parts of agricultural potassium chloride are added and stirred uniformly. The reacted solution is prepared into powder by adopting a spray drying method, wherein the specific drying temperature is 95 ℃, the feeding speed is 500mL/min, and the outlet temperature is 60 ℃.
The properties of the produced chemically synthesized water-soluble fertilizer used before blooming of the apples in the full bearing period are as follows:
N 20.5％；P2O515％；K2O 6.5％；Mg 1.7％；Ca 1.3％；Fe 0.5％；Mn 0.4％；B 0.35％；Zn 0.12％；Cu 0.15％；Mo 0.02％。
the chemically synthesized water-soluble fertilizer special for apples in full bearing period produced in the example has the following nutrient characters in the initial flowering period and the postflowering period:
70 portions of dried, crushed and sieved urea (N, 46 percent), monoammonium phosphate (N, 11.5 percent and P2O561 percent of agricultural potassium chloride (K)2O, 52%), 15 parts of magnesium sulfate (Mg, 16%), calcium nitrate (Ca, 17%; n, 11.5%) 12 parts; 5.5 parts of ferrous sulfate (Fe, 20%); 3.5 parts of manganese sulfate (Mn, 32.5%); 4 parts of boric acid (B, 17%), 2 parts of ammonium molybdate (Mo, 54%), 0.5 part of copper sulfate (Cu, 25.5%) and 2 parts of zinc sulfate (Zn, 14.5%).
The properties of the produced chemically synthesized apples in the full-bearing stage in the initial flowering stage and after flowering by using water-soluble fertilizer are as follows:
N 8.5％；P2O58％；K2O 23.5％；Ca 2.0％；Mg 2.0％；Fe 0.5％；Mn 0.6％；B 0.3％；Zn 0.13％；Cu 0.1％；Mo 0.4％。
the properties of the produced chemically synthesized water-soluble fertilizer for the primary apple in full bearing period-fruit expansion period are as follows:
30 portions of dried, crushed and sieved urea (N, 46 percent), monoammonium phosphate (N, 11.5 percent and P2O561 percent of agricultural potassium chloride (K)2O, 52%), magnesium sulfate (Mg, 16%) 30, calcium nitrate (Ca, 17%; n, 11.5%) 24 parts; 5.0 parts of ferrous sulfate (Fe, 20%); 2.0 parts of manganese sulfate (Mn, 32.5%); 3 parts of boric acid (B, 17%), 0.25 part of copper sulfate (Cu, 25.5%), 3 parts of zinc sulfate (Zn, 14.5%) and 1 part of ammonium molybdate (Mo, 54%).
The properties of the produced chemically synthesized water-soluble fertilizer for the primary apple in full bearing period-fruit expansion period are as follows:
N 7.5％；P2O58％；K2O 23.5％；Ca 1.5％；Mg2.0％；Fe 0.35％；Mn 0.7％；B 2％；Zn 0.2％；Cu 0.2％；Mo 0.2％。
application example 3
In apple orchard of Taida Laimei Co, Shandong, 7 years old, hong Fu Shi. The test is started in autumn of 2018, the water-fertilizer integration technology is applied by taking the water-soluble fertilizer which is physically mixed with the same proportion and dosage as a reference, and the result is shown in table 3.
Table 3 Effect of different treatments on Fuji apple yield and quality
From the results in table 3, it can be seen that the apple soluble protein, Vc, soluble sugar, fruit hardness and fruit shape index contents of the chemically synthesized water-soluble fertilizer special for apples applied under the same nutrient application amount are all higher than those of the physically mixed water-soluble fertilizer. Therefore, compared with the physically mixed water-soluble fertilizer with the same nutrient content, the chemically synthesized water-soluble fertilizer special for the apples in the full bearing period can improve the yield and the quality of the apples.
Claims (7)
1. A chemically synthesized water-soluble fertilizer special for apples in full bearing period and a preparation method thereof are characterized in that: n5.0% -11.0%; p2O520.0％～37.0％；K2O 5.0％～15.0％；Ca 2.0％～10.0％；Mg1.0％～6.0％；Fe 0.5～5.0；Mn 0.2～5.0％；B 0.1％～3.0％；Zn 0.1％～2.0％；Cu 0.1～1.0％；Mo 0.01％～0.05％。
2. The chemically synthesized water-soluble fertilizer special for apples in full bearing age and the preparation method thereof as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water-soluble fertilizer special for apples is chemically synthesized, and trace elements of metals such as Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu and the like exist in a chelated state.
3. The special water-soluble fertilizer for chemically synthesized apples in full bearing period as claimed in claim 1, wherein raw materials used for the special water-soluble fertilizer for chemically synthesized apples in full bearing period are urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium chloride, calcium nitrate, magnesium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate, borax and ammonium molybdate.
4. The chemically synthesized water-soluble fertilizer special for apples in full bearing period and the preparation method thereof as claimed in claim 1, wherein,according to the fertilizer requirement characteristics of the apples in the full bearing period, the chemically synthesized special water-soluble fertilizer for the apples is divided into three stages, namely, before flowering, after initial flowering and during initial fruit-fruit expanding period, and the corresponding N: P is2O5:K2The mass ratio of O, Ca, Mg, Mn, B, Zn, Cu and Mo is 21:15:8:1.2:1.3:0.4:0.3:0.25:0.15:0.1:0.015, 12.5:12:18: 1.5:0.4:0.2:0.2:0.15:0.1:0.025 and 14:12.5:21.5:0.65:0.6:0.25:0.2:0.15:0.1:0.10:0.02 respectively.
5. The water-soluble fertilizer special for chemically synthesized apples and the preparation method thereof according to claim 1, wherein the water-soluble fertilizer special for chemically synthesized apples in full bearing period is chemically synthesized.
6. The water-soluble fertilizer special for the chemically synthesized apples and the preparation method thereof as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water-soluble fertilizer special for the chemically synthesized apples is applied by a water-fertilizer integration technology.
7. The chemical synthesis water-soluble fertilizer special for apples in full bearing age and the preparation method thereof as claimed in claim 1, wherein the application frequency and the application amount of the chemical synthesis water-soluble fertilizer special for apples in full bearing age are once before blooming and 20 kg; applying for two times after the initial blossom and the flowering, wherein the application amount is 20 kg each time; the application is carried out three times in the initial fruit-fruit expansion period, and the application amount is 20 kg each time.
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| CN105967164A (en) * | 2016-06-27 | 2016-09-28 | 成都市新都化工股份有限公司 | Method for preparing high-polymerization-ratio water-soluble ammonium polyphosphate |
| CN106276841A (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2017-01-04 | 成都市新都化工股份有限公司 | A kind of method utilizing MAP slip and carbamide to produce water-soluble poly ammonium phosphate |
| CN107176597A (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2017-09-19 | 上海化工研究院有限公司 | A kind of continuous producing method of granular water-soluble poly ammonium phosphate |
| CN110903122A (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2020-03-24 | 南京农业大学 | Water-soluble fertilizer set meal for fruit trees in full bearing period and application |
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2021
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| BE677866A (en) * | 1965-03-16 | 1966-09-15 | ||
| CN105777275A (en) * | 2015-04-01 | 2016-07-20 | 贵州芭田生态工程有限公司 | Method for preparing polyphosphates-containing fertilizer |
| CN105967164A (en) * | 2016-06-27 | 2016-09-28 | 成都市新都化工股份有限公司 | Method for preparing high-polymerization-ratio water-soluble ammonium polyphosphate |
| CN106276841A (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2017-01-04 | 成都市新都化工股份有限公司 | A kind of method utilizing MAP slip and carbamide to produce water-soluble poly ammonium phosphate |
| CN107176597A (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2017-09-19 | 上海化工研究院有限公司 | A kind of continuous producing method of granular water-soluble poly ammonium phosphate |
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